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Filament Ovary
Parts of a flower:
Stamen: Male part
Anther: produces pollen (sperm)
Filament: positions anther
Pistil: Female part
Stigma: traps pollen (sperm)
Style: positions stigma
Ovary: produces egg cells, develops
into fruit
Egg cells: get fertilized by sperm-
develops into seeds
Poppy:
Methods:
Animal
Wind
Adaptations for Animal Pollination:
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Courses/bio303/coevolution.htm
How some bees see flowers:
Regular wavelengths UV patterns
This orchid mimics a female wasp. It also releases
chemicals that resemble the smell of a female wasp.
Wind
Pollination
http://www.systbot.unizh.ch/institut/persone
n/person.php?id=23&s=evolutionofwindpoll&l=d
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nazflora.org/Asclepias%2520subvert%2520seed%2520dispersal%252025Aug02
.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nazflora.org/Asclepias_subverticillata.htm&h=481&w=650&sz=85&hl=en&start=21&tbnid=Iw0eLwJ45l3aBM
:&tbnh=101&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dseed%2Bdispersal%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
How would these flowers be pollinated?
http://www.easttennesseewildflowers.com/gallery/view_album.php?set_albumName=Arizona_05
http://www.treemail.nl/kronendak/amazon/assets/photographs%20large/Br
assavola-martiana.jpg
How would these flowers be pollinated?
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/biohires/a
/hacsa3-fl10386.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioi
mages/pages/fruit-devel.htm&h=1440&w=960&sz=110&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=bXDGwdl_h3X2uM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=100&
prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwind%2Bpollinated%2Bflowers%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG
The next steps in SEX and seed production:
1. Development of nuclei in ovule (egg cell)
2. Formation of the pollen tube.
3. Fertilization
The pistil
Review the female
parts of a flower:
http://www.jburroughs.org/science/resources/flower/pollination.html
How did the embryo sac get so many nuclei?
2. Egg Cell Preparation for Fertilization
Cell division creates multiple nuclei
in the ovule (egg cell)
http://www.jburroughs.org/science/resources/flower/ovulediagrams.html
Egg cell in ovule
Polar nuclei
in
ovule
Pollination:
Pollen (orange)
lands on the stigma
3. Fertilization
1. One sperm fertilizes the egg to form the nucleus
2. The second sperm fertilizes two polar nuclei to
form a 3n (triploid) cell.
Removed Ovule
Seed coat
Endosperm and
cotyledon
Parts of the Embryo:
Epicotyl
http://www.backyardnature.net/frt_mult.htm
From flower to fruit (and seed):
How is the flower below pollinated?
3 4
MONOCOT seed:
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/Angiosperm.html#flower
DICOT seed:
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/Angiosperm.html#flower
Seed Dispersal:
Methods to move seeds- why do plants
need to move seeds?
Methods:
1. Wind:
Feathers or wings
2. Water:
Air pockets or floats (bladder)
3. Animals:
Sticky or burrs
Edible fruit
4. Mechanical:
Pod explodes- shooting seeds out
Overview:
Seed Dispersal
Methods:
http://www.nazflora.org/Asclepias%20subvert%20seed%20dispersal%2025Aug02.jpg
Animals:
“Hitchhikers”
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/cockle4b.gif
Animals:
Edibles
www.cas.vanderbilt.edu
Animals:
Edibles
http://www.oranim.ac.il/teachers/ido/homepage/Frugivory%
20and%20seed%20dispersal%20papers_files/image006.jpg
Mechanical
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/i/wimca--fr29363.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/pages/fruit-seed-
gVxXmM:&tbnh=84&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3DJewel%2Bweed%2Bseed%2Bdispersal%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG
Water
Germination: Seeds break dormancy
and begin to grow
http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT410/Angiosperm/Seeds/LegGermSdlingBIODMod.jpg
Factors that affect Germination: