LESSON 1: DIFFERENTIATE

ASEXUAL FROM SEXUAL

REPRODUCTION

LESSON 2: METHODS OF
REPRODUCTION:
ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL
Asexual vs. Sexual
Reproduction
 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
It involves single parent.
It results in offspring that are genetically identical
to each other and to the parent.
There are several methods of asexual reproduction
including the binary, fission, fragmentation and
budding.
Asexual Reproduction
Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually
Hydra
Sea Star
Strawberry
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Euglena
Paramecium
Yeast
Binary fission
It occurs when a parent cell splits into two identical
daughter cells of the same size.

https://byjus.com/biology/studying-binary-fission-in-amoeba-and-budding-in-
yeast-with-the-help-of-prepared-slides/
 Fragmentation
Occurs when a
parent organism
breaks into
fragments, or pieces
and each fragment
develops into a new
organisms.

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/starfish-sea-star-
regeneration-reproductive-by-1624245409
Budding
 Occurs when a parent cell forms a bubble-like bud.
 The bud stays attached to the parent cell while it grows and develops.
 When the bud is fully developed, it breaks away from the parent cell
and forms new organisms.

https://byjus.com/biology/budding/
https://lifeinfreshwater.net/hydra/
PLANT PROPAGATION
 It is the process of
creating new plants.
Multiplication without
passage through the seed
cycle, is the best way to
maintain some species
particularly an individual
that best represents that
species.
https://greatist.com/live/plant-propagation-for-beginners
NATURAL PLANT PROPAGATION
 STOLONS
A creeping horizontal plant stem or runner that takes
root at points along its length to form new plants.

https://eschooltoday.com/science/asexual-reproduction/what-is-stem-runners-in-vegetative-propagation.html
RHIZOMES
are modified stems running
underground horizontally. 
A continuously growing
horizontal underground stem
which puts out lateral shoots
and adventitious roots of
intervals.

https://www.gardenexpress.com.au/
product/ginger-edible/
TUBER
a much thickened
underground part of a
stem or rhizome, e.g. in
the potato, serving as a
food reserve and bearing
buds from which new
plants arise.

https://www.quora.com/What-are-
examples-of-tuber-plants
BULBS
a resting stage of a plant (such as the lily, onion, hyacinth,
or tulip) that is usually formed underground and consists
of a short stem base bearing one or more buds enclosed in
overlapping membranous or fleshy leaves.

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/7318418122758392/
ARTIFICIAL PLANT
PROPAGATION
Cutting
a plant section
originating from the 
stem, leaf, or root and
capable of developing
into a new plant.

https://www.toppr.com/ask/question/explain-artificial-
methods-of-vegetative-propagation-in-plants /
Grafting
It is a technique
that joins two
plants into one.

https://www.fruitmentor.com/grafting-fruit-trees-step-by-
step
 Layering
is a means of plant
propagation in
which a portion of
an above-ground
stem grows roots
while still attached
to the parent plant
and then detaches as
an independent
plant
Marcotting
which is a type of
vegetative plant
propagation, is commonly
known as air layering that
involves rooting of a part of
the stem while it is still
attached to the parent
plant.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/
agricultural-and-biological-sciences/air-
layering
Tissue culture
It is the growth
of tissues or cells in an
artificial medium
separate from the
parent organism.
 This technique is also
called
micropropagation. 

https://www.careerlinecourses.com.au/
horticulture/plant-tissue-culture-online-course/
Advantages vs Disadvantages of Asexual
Reproduction
Advantages Disadvantages
 Asexual reproduction  Same DNA being passed
produces more offspring down NO GENETIC
 Asexual reproduction takes VARIATION IN THE
less time OFFSPRING
 Only one parent involved. No  If parent has genetic disease
searching for mates offspring will have it too
 Requires less energy
 SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

It involves two parents.

In sexual reproduction,
parents produce
reproductive cells called –
GAMETES. https://betterlesson.com/lesson/633974/why-sex-
sexual-reproduction-and-genetic-diversity
That unite to form an
offspring.
GAMETES are haploid cells.
It means they contain only
half the number of
chromosomes found in
other cells of the organisms. https://www.expii.com/t/reproduce-asexual-
and-sexual-characteristics-of-life-10030
Sexual Reproduction
All the members of the Animal
Kingdom
Fish
Mammals
Amphibians
Birds
Reptiles
Insects
Crustaceans
Sexual Reproduction
Plant Kingdom
Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants.

Male flower Female flower

Some flowers have both male and female reproductive

organs on the same flower.
Sexual Reproduction
Examples of organisms that reproduce sexually
Chickens
Iguanas
Lobsters
Sharks
Humans
Butterflies
Sunflowers
Roses
Sexual Reproduction
Happens 2 ways
Internally (inside)
 The egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female
 Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, spiders

Externally (outside)
 The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female
 The female lays the eggs and then the male fertilizes
them.
 Fish and some amphibians

 Plants and fungi (pollen and spores)

Advantages vs Disadvantages of Sexual
Reproduction
Advantages Disadvantages
 Variation in offspring  Requires two organisms.
 Organism is more protected Must find a mate
because of genetic variation  requires more cellular energy
 More time required for
offspring development
THANK YOU! 