Plant Reproduction

2 ways:
and Asexual reproduction.
• Asexual reproduction=
– Vegetative Propagation (runners, bulbs…)
• ________ reproduction:
– Involves gametes (Pollen + egg)
– produced by meiosis
–Plant sex organs are:
Flowers!
 Human vs Plant
Sexual Reproduction

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Sex organs: Flower
(label your diagram)
 Flowers can have both male and female parts together.

__________= Female part

• Stigma: ______ top of the carpel.
Traps pollen.
• Style: Connects ______ to ovary.
Structure for internal fertilization
Ovary: Contains the ovules (eggs).
Becomes the fruit. (meiosis)

Other parts:
• Ovules: (N) Eggs which become
seeds (embryos) after fertilization.
 Female Sex Organs

Stigma

Pistil Style

Ovary

Ovules
Flowers can have both male and female parts together.
________: Male part
_____: produces pollen.
• Filament: long stalk that holds
up the anther.

• Pollen (N) is the male gamete

(like sperm in humans).
 Male Sex Organs

Anther

Filament
Stamen
Where does meiosis occur in
Plants?
 Other parts of the flower.
• ______: Colorful to attract pollinators.
• Sepals: Protect the bud.
How does pollen travel? (Insects, birds,
wind, water)
What is the purpose of the
flower petals?
 Wind-pollination (unattractive flowers)
Corn Plants
Compare insect-pollinated and
wind-pollinated flowers.
Does this plant rely on wind or
birds/bees for pollination?

flower
 Pollination
• Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an
anther to a stigma
Why is the Stigma so
Sticky?
• _____ Pollination: Pollen
lands on its own stigma.

• ______Pollination: Pollen
lands on a different plant’s
stigma.
Why are male parts so far
from female parts?
Artificial pollination
How does pollen get to egg?
Pollen

Pollen
Tube

Where does
fertilization
occur?
Embryo Development
 Seed
• Ovule (zygote (2n): becomes the seed

• Ovary (Fruit): food for embryo

Ovary Ripens into Fruit
What is the purpose of the fruit?

SEED DISPERSAL
 Seed and Fruit Dispersal
• Scattering: Fruits burst open and seeds
fly out.
• Animals: Eat fruits or seeds stick to their
fur.
• Water, Wind: Light and catch the wind,
water.
 Seed Structure
• Seed coat: the outer layer that protects the
embryo
Seed = Embryo + Food

Why do seeds
need food?
Embryo Development

FOOD FOOD
 Seed Structure
• The cotyledons store food
• Monocots have one cotyledon

• Dicots have 2 cotyledons

 Seed Structure
• The epicotyl develops into the leaves and
upper stem

• The hypocotyl develops into the roots

• Seed Germination: the early growth of a
plant embryo

• The embryo develops into a mature plant

by:
– Mitosis
– Differentiation
– Growth
What do seeds need in order to
germinate into a plant?
Germination
The Seed Needs:
• Proper Temperature
• Water
• Oxygen
Seeds do not need Light to germinate.
But After germination…..now what process can
occur ?

Now
photosynthesis
can occur.
Why don’t seeds germinate
in the package?
Why won’t seeds germinate in a
cup of water?
Review/practice problems
• Make Sperm and egg • Make Pollen and eggs
• Fertilization • Pollen lands
• Zygote  Embryo • Zygote  SEED
• Embryo grows • Seed germinates
 Review Sexual Reproduction
1. Meiosis occurs in ovary (F) and anther (M).
Ovary makes ovules, anther makes pollen.
2. Pollen travels from anther to sticky stigma of
another plant. (in cross-pollination)
• Wind and Water : Small petals, no scent, large
amounts of pollen, pollen is smooth and light.
• Bees, Birds: Large colorful petals, scented,
nectar, pollen is spiky.
3. The pollen grain has a tube
nucleus which will burrow a
pollen tube through the style
to the ovary.
– One sperm nucleus will
fertilize an ovule to form an
embryo.
– Another sperm nucleus will
fertilize the endosperm cell
to make food for the
embryo.
4. The zygote (2N) becomes a seed.
5. The ovary thickens around the
seed and becomes a fruit.
 6. Seed and Fruit Dispersal
• Scattering: Fruits burst open and seeds
fly out.
• Animals: Eat fruits or seeds stick to their
fur.
• Water, Wind: Light and catch the wind,
water.
7. The seed will germinate when there is proper:
• Water
• Oxygen
• Temperature

Now
photosynthesis
can occur.
If an iguana eats all the flowers off of
a cactus, it will limit the ability of
the cactus to:

a) reproduce
b) grow
c) store food
d) transport
nutrients
A gardener discovered that fruits produced by
a particular plant had no seeds. Which
technique would the gardener most likely
use to grow additional plants with seedless
fruits?

1. external fertilization
2. self-pollination
3. cross-pollination
4. vegetative propagation
 If a farmer wanted to prevent his plants
from reproducing sexually, what could he
do to them?
Wind-pollinated or
Insect-pollinated?
• What is the difference between
fertilization and pollination?
After a flower on a cherry
tree is fertilized, what
part of the flower will
develop into the fruit?

a) stamen
b) anther
c) ovary
d) ovule
Why would an apple farmer not
want kids picking his apple
blossoms?
• What is this process called?
The diagram below represents a species of bee that helps
one type of orchid plant reproduce by carrying pollen on
structure X from one orchid flower to another. Pollination
by this species of bee is the only way the orchid can
reproduce.
If this bee species dies out, this orchid species would
most likely….
(1) cease to exist
(2) find another animal to carry the pollen
(3) flower at a different time of year
(4) develop another way to reproduce
The spotted touch-me-not, a flowering plant, has
seed pods that burst open when touched and
forcefully eject their seeds. Such an
adaptation is favorable because it:

1. aids in the dispersal of the species

2. attracts insects that aid in pollination
3. prevents germination within the seed pod
4. can cause genetic changes to occur
Which structure enables the
sperm nucleus to reach the
ovule?

1. stigma
2. pollen tube
3. stamen
4. seed coat
6. In the diagram of a seed, which letter
indicates the food for the embryo?

• A
• B
• C
• D
What do seeds need in order to
germinate into a plant?
7 steps to sexual reproducing a
new plant. (overview)
• 1. make gametes (pollen and egg)
• 2. pollination (getting pollen near egg)
• 3. Fertilization (union of pollen and egg)
• 4. zygote (2n) becomes seed
• 5. ovary becomes fruit
• 6. seed dispersal methods
• 7 germination (requirements)