204

Partial Differential Equations

xdr+ ydy + zdz xdr + ydy +zdz

x(mz -ny) +y(nr -lz) + z(ly mx)

-

xdr+ ydy+ zdz =0 on integration++ or 2+y?+z?=c

Again choosing , m, n as multipliers each fraction of (1)
Idr+ mdy+ ndz ldr+ mdy +ndz
(mz-ny)+ m(nx-lz)+ n(ly - mx) 0
ldr+mdy+ndz = 0 on integration lx+my-+ nz = C2

Hence the required general soluwon is given by o(x+ y +z, lx+my+ nz) = 0

Example 7: Solve (y-z)p +(z-x)q= (r-y)

Solution: The given equation is of the form Pp+Q9 = R

Auxiliary equations are = dy dz

y~z
x-y
Using (1, 1, 1) as multipliers each ratio is equal to
dr+dy+dz dx+dy +dz
dr+dy +dz =
0 on integration given x+y+z=Ci
y-Z+z-x+X-y
Again by using x, y, z as multipliers, each ratio is equal to
x dx +ydy+ zdz xdr+ ydy + zdz
xy x z + y z - xy + xz - yz
0
xdr+ ydy +zdz =0

negration or +y'+?=e,
Hence the general solution is o(r+ y+z, x+ y +z2) = 0
Example 8: Solve x (y-2)p+ y*(z-x)q=z°(x-y)
Solution: The given equation is of the form Pp+Qq=R
dr
The auxiliary equations are =
dy dz
x*(y-z) y(z-x) z(x-y)
using the multipliers each ratio is
equal to
dr+dy +dz 1
x dx +dy +dz
y-Z+Z-x+x-y d 5 dy+dz =0
which on
integration gives - -=-Cj or++=c
again using the multipliers each ratio is
xy equal to
B.Sc., Mathematics Fifth Semester
205

dr+dy+ 'dz
d+dyd y Z

(y-z)+ y(z - x)+ z(1-y) 0

d+ dy +dz =
0 on
integration gives logx +log y+ logz =logc2
Z

or logxyz logc2=
or ayz = C2. Hence a general solution is o +. yz= 0
Example9: Solve x(r +3y )p-y(3x+y*)q=2y-x)
Solution: The given p.d.e is of the form Pp+Qq= R. Therefore auxiliary equations
dr
dy dz
.
( ) choosing,, -- as multipliers
( +3y) -y(3x+y) 22(y2-2 Xy Z

each fraction in (1) is equal to

d+dydz y Z so that d x + d y - d z = 0. on integration

0 y Z

logx+logy-logz = logc so that =c

again taking the first two ratios of (1), we have dy_ y(3r+y)_ _y
dx a+3y3)

dv
put= v or y=rv sothat dy =V+x
dx dr
dv 3+v dv 3+
3+2
SO V+x or dx
dr
1+3v 1+3v
4 (1+ v2) 4dr 1+3y2
dr (1+3v)
or
x
dv= 0
v(1+v<)
4dr
or +2dv (on resolving in to partial fractions)
on
Integration 4log.x+ logv+log(1+ v^) =
logc2
v(1+v)= c2 or x*2

ty(x y)+ =
c2 or zcj (x +y^)= c2 or
z(r +y*) c =

CGeneral solution is o z zx?+y*)=0