16.

3 Name

Step It Out
Learn the Math

EXAMPLE 1 The graph of f​​(x)​​ = 2  sin ​​ __12 ​​​​ (x - __

​  π2   ​)​​ - 3 is shown. y
Using a reflection and a phase shift, create another
sine function whose graph coincides with this graph. 0 π 2π 3π x

An equation of the graph resulting from the reflection across -2

y = -3 is g​​(x)​​ = ​-​2  sin ​​ __12 ​​​​(x - __
​  π2  ​)  ​​ - 3.
-4
The graph of g has the same shape as the graph of f, but one of its
maximum points is located at (​​ -​ __
π
2
  ,​  -1).​​

A phase shift of 2π units to the right maps the maximum point on

the graph of g to the maximum point on the graph of f.

(​​ -​ _π2 ​ ,  -1)​​ → (​​ _   -1)​​

​  3π ​, 
2
Use the phase shift to write the equation of a function h​​(x)​​ whose graph coincides
with the graph of f.

h​​(x)​​ = -2  sin ​​ _

2 (
1 ​​ ​​  ​(x - 2π)​- _
2 )
​  π ​   ​​ - 3 = -2  sin ​​ _ (
1 ​​ ​​  x - _
2 2 )
​  5π ​ 
  ​​ - 3

Do the Math
The graph of f​​(x)​​ = 5  sin ​4 ​​​(x - __
​  π8 ​ )  ​​ + 5 is shown. y
Using a reflection and a phase shift, create another sine function 8
whose graph coincides with the graph of f.
An equation of the graph resulting from the reflection across 6

y= is g​​(x)​​ = sin 4 ​(x - __ π
  ​ )​​ + 5. 4
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​ ​  8
2
The graph of g has the same shape as the graph of f, but one of

its minimum points is located at ​​ ( ,0 .

​​ ) 0 π
2
π 3π
2
x

A phase shift of units to the left maps the minimum point on

the graph of g to the minimum point on the graph of f.

(
​​ ) (
, 0 ​​ → ​​ )
, 0 ​​

Write the equation of a function h​​(x)​​ whose graph coincides with the graph of f.

h​​(x)​​ = ((
sin 4 ​ x +
​​ ) ) ​  π ​   ​​ + 5
-_
​ 8

= (
sin 4 ​ x +
​ ) ​​
+5

Algebra 2 231 Journal and Practice Workbook

 Learn the Math
EXAMPLE 2 Each passenger car on an observation wheel (a large, slow-moving Ferris wheel) travels
the same circular path during the ride. The height h (in feet) of the pivot point of a
π
passenger car above the ground is modeled by the function h(t) = -110  cos ​​ __
6
   t​​ + 117,
where t is the time in minutes since the ride, begins with the passenger car nearest the
ground.
Identify the key parameters of the function.
period: 2π • __
​​  π6  ​​ = 12; midline: h​​(t)​​ = 117; amplitude: 110;
maximum: 117 + 110 = 227; minimum: 117 - 110 = 7
Determine the points where the graph intersects the midline.
π
h(t) = 117 when cos ​​ __ 6
​​ π2  , ​​ __
  ​​  t = 0; the value of the cosine function is 0 for __ ​​  3π , ​​ __
  
2 2
​​  5π  , ​​ ….
​​  π ​​ t  = _
_ ​​  π ​​ ​​ 
   _π ​​ t  = _ ​​  3π ​​ 
 
6 2 6 2
t = 3 t=9
The graph intersects the midline twice during one cycle, at the points (​​ 3, 117)​​
and (​​ 9, 117).​​
Determine the maximum and the minimum points of the graph.
The cycle begins with the passenger car nearest the ground, so one minimum point
is (​​ 0, 7)​​. A second occurs at the end of the cycle (the period) at the point (​​ 12, 7).​​
The only maximum point occurs midway through the cycle at (​​ 6, 227).​​
Interpret these five key points in terms of the real-world setting.
y
(​​ 0, 7)​​: The observation wheel begins with the car’s pivot point
at a height of 7 feet. 200

​​(3, 117)​​: The pivot point reaches the height of the wheel’s axle,

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

160
117 feet, in 3 minutes.
​​(6, 227)​​: At 6 minutes, the pivot point reaches its maximum 120

height of 227 feet at the top of the wheel.

80
​​(9, 117)​​: The pivot point comes back down to the height of the
axle, 117 feet, in 9 minutes. 40

​​(12, 7)​​: One trip around the observation wheel takes 12 minutes,
0 2 4 6 8 10 x
ending with the passenger car’s pivot point back at a height of
7 feet.

Do the Math
Find and interpret the five key points for a point on an observation wheel with a height
π
in meters after t minutes that can be represented by h​​(t)​​ = -60  cos ​​ __
10
  t​​  + 75. Make a
graph of the function.

Algebra 2 232 Journal and Practice Workbook

 LESSON 16.3
Name
More Practice
ONLINE ONL IN E
Video Tutorials and
Video Tutorials and
Interactive Examples
For Problems 1 and 2, graph at least one cycle of each function. State the Interactive Examples
amplitude, mid-line, period, and phase shift. Label units on the axes.

1. y = −2 sin 3​​(x + π)​​ + 3 2. y = 4  cos​​ ​  _(

x - ​
π 
 ​​ - 2
2 )
y y

x x

For Problems 3–6, write two equations for each graph. Use the given function type.
3. sine function 4. cosine function

y y
0.8 8

0.4 4
x x
0 2π 4π 6π 0 4π 8π 12π 16π
5 5 5
-0.4 -4

-0.8 -8
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5. tangent function 6. cosine function and sine function.

y y
4
8
2
6 x
0 π π π 2π 5π π
4 ( π , 3) 6 3 2 3 6
8 -2
2
-4

0 π π 3π x
4 2 4

Algebra 2 233 Journal and Practice Workbook

 7. Math on the Spot  A windmill takes 10 seconds to make one full
rotation. The height H in feet above the ground of the tip of one of
( )
​  π5  (​​  t - 1.4)​ ​​ + 70,
the windmill vanes can be modeled by H​​(t)​​ = 60  sin​​ __
where t is the time in seconds. Graph the height of the tip of the
windmill vane for two complete periods. What is the maximum
height that the tip of the windmill vane will reach?

8. Suppose the motion of a point on the outer edge of a bicycle wheel

is modeled by the function h​​(t)​= 33 sin​​ 4π​ t - __ ( ( ))
​  1 ​ ​ ​​ + 33, where h
8
is the height (in centimeters) above the ground and t is the time
(in seconds). Graph one cycle of the function and use the graph and
describe what is happening in the context of the situation.

9. Use Structure  If you know the coordinates of the five key points of the
graph of f​(​ x)​​ = -9  sin ​​ __
1
12
  x
​​  , how can you use h and k to find the five key
points of the graph of g​​(x)​​ = -9  sin ​​ __12 (
1
) ​  π  ​  ​​ + 5?
  ​​​​  x - __
2

10. What is the equation of a tangent function with a graph that has

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

consecutive vertical asymptotes at x = 3 and x = -2 and goes through the
( )
points ​​ __ ( )
​  12 ,​ 2 ​​ and ​​ __
​  74 ,​  6 ?​​

( )
​  π6 ​   ​​ - 1?
11. Which function coincides with the function y​​ = -3  sin ​4 ​​​ x + __

( π6 )
A   y = 3 sin 4 ​​ x + _
​   ​   ​​ - 1

B   y = 3 sin 4 ​​(x + _
​  π  ​ )​​ - 1
12
C   y = 3 sin 4 ​​(x - _ ​  π  ​ )​​ - 1
12
D   y = 3 sin 4 ​​(x - _ ​  π ​  )​​ - 1
6

Algebra 2 234 Journal and Practice Workbook