Thesis

ASIAN INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIES
FACTORS AFFECTING NEWLY GRADUATED FILIPINO SEAFARERS’

CHANCES IN JOINING SHIPS IN SELECTED MARITIME AGENCIES
IN METRO MANILA
A Thesis Presented to
The Faculty of Marine Engineering Department
Asian Institute of Maritime Studies
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Program
Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering
By:
Tuscano, Charles Dane

Mondejar, Robin Dave G.
Pacleb, Jayson Marlowe B.
Ebora, Darvin A.
Layugan, Rodito S.
Research Adviser
Ms. Charity T. Manuel
2021
1
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “FACTORS OF AFFECTING NEWLY GRADUATED
FILIPINO SEAFARERS’ CHANCES IN JOINING SHIPS IN SELECTED MARITIME
AGENCIES IN METRO MANILA” prepared and submitted by Tuscano, Charles
Dane, Mondejar, Robin Dave G., Pacleb, Jayson Marlowe B., Ebora, Darvin A.,
Layugan, Rodito S.in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the course, Maritime
Research (MARRES333), has been examined and is recommended for acceptance
and approval of ORAL EXAMINATION.
Prof. Charity T. Manuel

Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ______.
_________________ ________________
Panelist Panelist
_____________________
Chairman
Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the course
Maritime Research (MARRES 333).
Date: __________
Academic Director
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research paper is made possible through the help and support of
everyone involved, including the researchers’ teachers, fellow students, and parents,
who provided support throughout the entire process. Please allow the researchers to
express gratitude toward the following people who made this possible.
First, the researchers would like to thank the Almighty God whose infinite
wisdom gave the researchers the capability to surmount difficulties in making this
study successful. Praise and honors to God for his gift of perseverance and skills.
Secondly, the researchers are especially indebted to their outstanding
research adviser, Prof. Charity T. Manuel, for actively providing them with the
knowledge and support they needed to pursue this research. The researchers also
thank her for the help and guidance she shared during the creation of this research
paper.
Next, to the researchers' parents and guardians, this work would not have
been possible without the continued belief and steadfast financial support that made
different ordeals easier to reach this end.
The researchers also would like to extend their deepest gratitude to every
panelist and statistician. They provided helpful critics and constructive comments,
and suggestions for the enhancement of the study.
3
Table of Contents
Title Page ……....………………………………………………… i
Table of Contents ….……………………………………………… ii
Chapter 1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction ……………………………….………………………… 6
Background of the Study ………………….………….…………... 8
Statement of the Problem .………………………………….……… 9
Significance of the Study …….……………………………....….... 10
Conceptual Framework …………………………….…...………. 11
Scope and Limitation ………………………...…….…….…… 12
Definition of Terms …………………………………….………….... 12
Chapter 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Foreign Literature ……………………………….….………… .…. 13
Local Literature ………………………………………………...... 15
Foreign Studies …….…………………………….………………. 17
Local Studies ………………………………………………...… 18
4
Chapter 3. METHODOLOGY
Research Design …………………………………………………… 20
Population and Sampling Technique .…………………………... 21
Research Instrument ………………………………………….… 21
Data Gathering Procedure ……………………………………………. 21
Data Analysis ………….…………………………………………….... 22
Chapter 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Profile of the Participants ……………………….….…………...…. 23
Quoted Answer ……………………………….….…………...…. 26
Chapter 5. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary of Findings ……………………….….…………...…. 45
Conclusion ……………………………………….….…………...…. 46
Recommendation ……………………………….….…………...…. 47
References ……………………………………….….…………...…. 48
Appendix A ……………………………………….….…………...…. 53
Appendix B ……………………………………….….…………...…. 54
Appendix C ……………………………………….….…………...…. 55
5
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
The maritime industry is one of the fastest growing lines of work nowadays. It
is the pillar of international trade that drives globalization and competitiveness.
Almost 90% of world trades happening are because of the international shipping
industry. It is like the essence of the global economy, that without shipping or
intercontinental trade, transportation of bulk raw materials and exporting and
importing of affordable goods would simply be impossible.
Filipino workers seem to have proven themselves to be capable enough to
work at shipping companies around the world. According to an article in 2019
entitled “The Learning Maritime Capitals of the World”, Manila is under the ranking
of 50 highest maritime cities around the world, it is also well known as a training
ground for seafarers where it is 4th in global rankings of the number of maritime
education institutions and is praised for its reputation on excellency. It has become
one of the most targeted courses for students because it is known to be a highly
profitable job with a chance to have international activities that could be
experienced.
6
Some perceive life at sea as extreme, a crucial type of job with such risky
activities among other jobs, while others perceive this profession as a form of
adventure which gives free travel at no cost and hefty salary to the seafarer.
However, this is far from reality. Several issues faced by the seafaring industry
have made seafarers’ lives complicated, and it is one of the reasons that affect
most of newly graduated seafarers' chances of joining ships in selected maritime
agencies. Some newly graduated students in the maritime industry are having a
hard time looking for a suitable job nowadays because of the standards set by
maritime agencies. Finding out those factors that could potentially affect
qualifications would be beneficial for the future of seafarers.
There are multiple known aspects that affect a seafarer’s qualification, which
may lessen or elevate their chances of joining a ship. With emphasis on the
country's primary conditions for maritime qualification, the researchers have
decided to investigate these variables to know what complications seafarers are
facing when looking for a company that could potentially hire them, and come up
with an interpretation of what the maritime industry substantially looks for in an
individual.
7
Background of the Study
Maritime jobs, like any other extensive career, have strict regulations to
ensure that recruits are well-trained or qualified to carry out their duties. These
qualifications are also implemented to ensure the efficiency and stability of the
recruiting process. Similar to military guidelines, the minimum requirements for
seafarers consist mainly of a strict filter on the minimum age, body mass, training,
good moral and a good psychological standing to render a person eligible for
working in the industry.
Branch (2007) notes that, in today's increasingly competitive, cost-conscious,
and complex environment, ship manning is a critical component of the shipping
business. He emphasizes the trend of new technology being introduced to the
industry at a time when the operating environment is undergoing constant economic
change, and concludes that the goal of ship management operations is to optimize
the use of resources while remaining compliant with commercial requirements.
Other than that, the qualifications for joining a ship are different from basic
recruitment. Specific maritime jobs require the appropriate knowledge and/or
experience in order to be qualified as able seafarers. For example, just as pilots are
required to have a specific total number of flight hours, sailors are required to have a
total number of sailing hours to familiarize themselves with the concept of sea
navigation and all parts of the ship. However, underlying factors can also contribute
8
to an applicant’s chances of qualification, such as gender, educational attainment, or
recommendation.
Statement of the Problem
The main purpose of this study was to know the factor that affect newly
graduated Filipino seafarers’’ chances in joining ships. It also sought to answer to
following sub-problems.
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender; and
1.3 Year Graduated?
2. What are the factors that commonly affect the respondents’ chances of joining
ship in terms of:
2.1 Company requirements;
2.2 Physical aspect; and
2.3 Training and certificates?
3. Does financial status affect the seafarer chances of joining ships?
Significance of the study
The relevance of the study is to give insights to readers or aspiring youths
who want to be in this line of work on how maritime agencies in Metro Manila accept
applicants. Also, to give them ideas on the kinds of complications that could happen
while looking for agencies that could potentially hire them and what maritime
industries substantially look for in an individual.
9
The results of this would be beneficial to the following group of people:
Seafarers. This study would give them insights as to what factors affect their
chance to join ships. This will also help them to improve their decision-making skills
as this will identify the nature of the work that they are into.
Aspiring seafarers. The study would be beneficial to them as this will give
them an overview as to how maritime agencies look for potential employees. This
will provide ideas such as the factors to be considered in hiring, the overview of the
life of a seafarer, and among others.
Future Researchers. This study would serve an important reference to future
researchers whose study is related to maritime industry.
Conceptual framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Factors of -Collecting of data - The factors
affecting by means of affecting newly
newly interview. graduated Filipino
graduated
-Interview chances of
Filipino
seafarers. questionnaires. seafarers in joining
ships
The conceptual framework above demonstrates the flow of the research. The
input represents the factors affecting newly graduated Filipino seafarers. The
10
process testifies the research design that the researchers will use in gathering data
through questionnaires, and the output will be the factors affecting newly graduated
Filipino seafarers the chances of Filipino seafarers in joining ships. The data that
will be gathered determine the seafarer’s effectiveness in joining a ship. Finally, the
researchers shall determine the order of the most effective qualifications that may
help to elevate the newly graduated Filipino seafarers’ chances of joining ships.
Scope and Limitation
The study was focused directly on newly graduated Filipino seafarers aged
18-30. The study chose this sample because by the age of 30, seafarers with still
little to no sailing experience are shunned by agencies most of the time. Additionally,
even with more years of experience than younger candidates, older recruits are still
rejected due to the naval agencies’ preference of younger recruits. They do this to
avoid conflict because older recruits are harder to instruct, given their loose
“superiority” due to their age and mindset.
Definition of Terms
For better clarification and understanding of the terms related to this study,
the following terms were defined operationally.
Economy. Refers to a large set of interrelated production and consumption activities
that aid in determining how scarce resources are allocated
Globalization. Refers to a process by which people and goods move easily across
borders
11
Maritime. Relating to navigation or commerce on the sea
Seafarer. Refers to any person employed or engaged or works in any capacity
onboard Philippine registered ships
Ship. Refers to a Philippine-registered ship engaged in international voyage
12
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
I. Foreign Literature
Philippines, having a rich history, has been the leading supplier of seafarers
worldwide since 1987. In the 2003 Global Labour Market Survey by the Seafarers
International Research Centre, about 28.1% of seafarers are Filipinos, comprising
the highest proportion, according to nationality. According to Kumar (2018), the
Philippines has emerged as the biggest supplier of seafarers on international
merchant ships followed by China, Indonesia, and Russia.
According to Fotteler (2020), seafarers are an essential workforce that
guarantee the operation of an important economic pillar in a globalized world. The
ship is not only the workplace of a seafarer, but the living space as well, and this
situation continues for months on end.
In the research article of Nenadic et. al. (2015) entitled Sociological Aspects
of Seafarers’ Life and Work and Management Styles in Shipping, brings out an
illustration and attention to the hard life of sea farers on board ships. For the duration
of his professional operation, a seafarer's ship serves as both his workplace and his
home. A career in the maritime industry is more than just a job; it is a way of life.
They interact with people having behavioral norms and social ideals that are not
shared by the rest of the world. The seafarer is exposed to a wide range of weather
and climatic conditions, and his or her home is a noisy metal body that vibrates and
13
is often not a fixed base but one that is shaken and thrown about by sudden
movements.
One of the factors why people choose to take the path of seafaring is
economic reasons. The success percentage of these individuals in this field is
determined by their work performance. When wages are paid correctly and in
accordance with the contract, both the employer and the employee are likely to be
pleased. However, if the opposite occurs, sailors will very certainly demand wage
increases. It will jeopardize not just the employee's safety, but also the agency's
entire output. Hazards and other possible concerns will be disclosed if they are
ignored (Nenadic, et.al., 2015)
According to Standard Club (2018), healthy lifestyle is important as it is
considered one of the factors that affect the chances of joining ships. If one is not
properly fit, they have a lower chance to join ships and have a potential risks to
disease. The lifestyle of seafarers highly impacts their physical health. Dr Abaya of
Health Metrics Inc. gave insights experience of seafarer health matters to make the
case for exercise on board ship.
Although, keeping fit is a difficult task especially if food can be found
everywhere, considering the amount of labor that seafarers push through on a daily
basis. They should realize that keeping and maintaining their health is an advantage
and may prevent and slow down the progression of life threatening diseases
The MLC of 2006 and the STCW Convention, as cited in the article of
International Labour Organization (2013), both require seafarers to have medical
14
fitness certificates. For their own health and safety, as well as the proper functioning
of the ship, seafarers must undergo pre-sea and periodic medical examinations. The
ILO/World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for Conducting Pre-sea and
Periodic Medical Fitness Examinations for Seafarers are referred to in the MLC,
which are the approved guidelines for medical fitness examinations of seafarer
hopefuls and serving seafarers. The guidelines aid medical practitioners, ship-
owners, and seafarers' representatives by providing an internationally accepted set
of criteria for use either directly or as a basis for framing national standards; they
also aid medical practitioners, ship-owners, and seafarers' representatives by
providing an internationally recognized set of criteria for use either directly or as a
basis for defining national standard.
II. Local Literature
As the Philippines experienced colonization from three countries, migration
became part of their life. As we see today, working abroad seems to be in demand
and Filipinos have accepted this way of living. Other factors have contributed to the
institutionalization of labor migration in the Philippines. This includes potential
seafaring job in the United States navy, emergence of English as the universal
language, educational system, role of government, the economic decline caused by
crisis, and deregulation of shipping industry.
When their contracts expire, seafarers, especially those from developing
countries, are unemployed. They cannot hope to be able to return to the same ship
in the same state. Many people would have to resume their work quest all over
again. After vacation, one of the big issues that seafarers face is finding work.
15
Seafarers sign up for a particular voyage or period of time, with no guarantee of
finding another job after the voyage is completed.
However, some people abuse this kind of situation. Some are willing to take
risks and accept conditions through recruitment just to have the job. Unfortunately,
most of the time, the expectation of having the job is nowhere to be found as
recruiters take advantage of the situation.
As Raunek (2021) points out, many fake agents thrive in maritime industry.
The worst violence a hiring agent may commit is sending a worker to a position that
does not exist. Seafarers arrive in a foreign port with papers, telexes purporting to be
from ship owners, and a letter of agreement, only to find out that the agreement is a
ruse. Perhaps more popular is the offer of non-existent job terms to seafarers. Given
the maritime industry's financial difficulties, it's difficult to understand where all of the
advertisements come from.
The International Labour Organization (ILO) encourages hiring practices that
safeguard, respect, and uphold international labor norms and universally recognized
human rights. The International Labour Organization (ILO) launched the Fair
Recruitment Initiative (ILO-FAIR) in 2014 to defend employees' rights from
fraudulent and abusive recruitment practices, among other things. This program
aims to expand worldwide awareness of national and international recruitment
practices, as well as strengthen laws, policies, and enforcement to encourage fair
hiring, fair corporate practices, and worker empowerment and protection.
16
III. Foreign Studies
The Philippines has large contributions to this percentage as it is one of the
biggest sources of seafarers. As foreign seaborne shipments continue to be a major
force in most economies around the world, the importance of Filipino seafarers
increases both globally and locally. BIMCO (2015) stated that officers (34 percent)
and ratings (66 percent) make up nearly half of the Filipino seafaring workforce.
Life at the Sea
Working at sea is somewhat different from working on shore. Cruise ships sail
to various cities and locations around the world and run 24 hours a day, seven days
a week. Working on a cruise ship may sound appealing, but it is not for everyone, as
Smith (2018) points out.
As a seafarer, one must have communicative competence. English is
considered the language of the sea and this entails using appropriate vocabulary
and intonation. Other research on board multicultural ships have posed a number of
issues relating to the relevance of communication to the working environment, such
as successful implementation of health and safety on board and enhancing
awareness among crews (Hu, 2017) and social engagement relating to happiness
(Editorial Team, 2018; Hamilton, 2019).
Another study conducted by Kim and Jang (2018) investigates the factors that
influence seafarers' quality of life, which is directly influenced by their work thus
17
shaping their health and economic status. Seafarers experienced stressful
environment as they are exposed to too much risks in their safety and security.
During times between periods of employment at sea that are not protected by a
contract of employment, many seafarers find themselves without insurance, either
entirely or in respect of certain contingencies.
Other companies provide a wide range of benefits for seafarers (CCL, 2017).
This includes medical benefits, dental care, paid leave, retirement plans, awards for
service, discounted packages, free trips and among others. This factor influences
the people, seafarers, in joining ships as this have a huge impact in contributing to
their decisions. Furthermore, Pacific Basin (2015) stated that some companies offer
guaranteed job to the seafarer’s qualified relative. Other financial benefits, such as
success, standby, commitment, and study leave incentives, may be negotiated
between crew agencies and ship owners.
IV. Local Studies
One local article by Galvez (2019), found in Inquirer, have stated that
Philippine government will continue to retain the position of the country as the
leading source of seafarers globally. This means that the country should not be
blacklisted and remain on the whitelist of the International Maritime Organization.
With this, maritime agencies in the local will enhance the skills and education of
seafarers and future seafarers through trainings.
A journal article conducted by Catindig et. al. (2019) entitled Factors that
Influence Seafarers’ Job Retention as Perceived by Cruise Seafarers from Three
18
Major Cruise Fleets in Manila enumerated factors that influence the seafarer’s job
retention in terms of their demographic profile, work environment, working hours,
salary, and benefits that they receive in the cruise industry.
Maritime education and training is important especially if one chooses the
career of seafaring. Baylon et. al. (2011) stated that there are two major obstacles in
maritime education and training in the Philippines. First, there are the issues of
Filipino seafarer shortages, recruitment, and retention in the global industry supply
and demand. Second, under the full implementation of the Standards, Trainings,
Certification, and Watch keeping (STCW) Code as amended, concerns about
Filipino seafarers' competency. The study concludes that maritime stakeholders can
work together to complement maritime education and training with onboard training
that is more practice-oriented and enhanced by current technology and simulators,
with competency measured against industry standards.
19
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methods used in the study. It also discusses the
respondents of the study, the instruments used, and the procedures on gathering
data.
Research Design
In this study, a qualitative approach was used to produce non-numerical data
to understand concepts and ideas. As a humanistic or idealistic method, qualitative
research focuses on understanding a study query. People's views, experiences,
attitudes, behavior, and interactions are studied using qualitative methods (Pathak
et. al, 2013).
Descriptive qualitative research design is generally used in this study to
describe the experiences of the seafarers and the factors that affects them to join
ships.
Research Instrument
The researchers prepared interview questionnaires intended to gather data
based on the statement of the problem mentioned in the first chapter of this
research. The research instrument was submitted first to the adviser to seek for
validation. The instrument consists of two parts: the demographic profile of the
respondents and the interview questions dealing with the experiences of the
respondents.
20
Population, Sample, and Sampling Technique
The study population consists of at least 10 participants that were chosen
under the purposive sampling method. The researchers particularly chose
respondents under ages 18 to 30 because of their experiences. Respondents were
selected based on their age, knowledge, experience.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers first asked for the approval of the respective research
adviser before conducting online interviews by providing a list of Interview questions
that served as their guide to answer all the specific problems. The researchers also
sought the approval of other research experts for the interview questions. In terms of
finding respondents for this study, the researchers coordinated with the shipping
agencies in Metro Manila to get 10 respondents for the interview which are seafarers
in the maritime industry.
In addition, interviews were conducted using Google Meet or another online
conference which is more applicable due to the current situation. The interview
sessions were recorded for data transcriptions.
Data Analysis
21
The researchers used thematic analysis in analyzing the gathered data.
Thematic analysis is used in qualitative research and focuses on examining themes
or patterns of meaning within data. This method can emphasize both organization
and rich description of the data set and theoretically informed interpretation of
meaning.
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the tabulated data and narratives to answer the
statement of the problems, its analysis and interpretation.
SOP 1. What is the Demographic Profile of the Respondents?
Table 4.1 presents the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex,
position, and number of years as custom broker.
Table 4.1 Demographic profile of the respondents according to age.
Age f %
22 8 66.7%
21 4 33.3%
Total 12 100%
Table 4.1 shows the demographic profile of the respondents according to age.
22
In terms of age, 8 or 66.7% are 22 years old while 4 or 33.3% are 21 years
old.
Table 4.2 Demographic profile of the respondents according to sex.
Sex f %
Male 11 91.7%
Female 1 8.3%
Total 12 100%
Table 4.2 shows the demographic profile of the respondents according to sex.
The above data reveals that 91.7% of the respondent were males and 8.3%
were females.
Table 4.3 Demographic profile of the respondents according to year
graduated.
School Year f %
2020-2021 12 100%
Total 12 100%
23
Table 4.3 shows the demographic profile of the respondents according
to year graduated.
In terms of the respondents’ year graduated, the above data reveals all the
respondents graduated in the year 2020 - 2021
SOP 2. What are the factors that commonly affects the respondents’ chances
of joining ship in terms of:
Theme 1: Company Requirements
Most of the respondents in the interview said that expensive training and
expensive certificates are the factors that mostly affect them to joining a ship. Due to
the pandemic, that’s why there are a lot of certificates and limited access to the
certificates and training, The training and certificates are expensive and some of the
respondents responds that because of the poverty.
They said that training and certificates are expensive because Basic Training,
SDSD, PSCRD, deck watch, engine watch, MARPOL Consolidated, lastly the
passport and the Seaman book are the requirements for being a seafarer. This
varies greatly from Php20,000.00 to about Php90,000.00 per year depending on
which school you attend. But let's just say we take Php35,000.00 as our number for
24
computational purposes. Aside from the tuition fee, there are also some
miscellaneous fees that the cadet must shoulder.
According to www.financialeducatorscouncil.org (2020), there are abundant
studies that illustrate the very real impact of financial literacy: improved rates of
savings, lower levels of debt, increased rates of asset accumulation, just to name a
few.
Table 4.4 Company Requirements
Question 1: What were the requirements that you processed in joining
ships?
Participant 1 There’s a different requirement that really needed to fulfill in
vessels.
Participant 2 Basic training and Survival Techniques.
Participant 3 Ship Familiarization, Passport, and lastly the Seaman book.
Participant 4 Certificates, and Basic Training.
Participant 5 Basic Training, MARPOL, lastly the engine watch keeping.
Participant 6 NBI Clearance to Get Seamans book.
Participant 7 Basic Training, Seaman Book.
25
Participant 8 Certificates, Training, Valid ID, Seamans Book lastly the passport.
Participant 9 Seamans Book, Basic training, and Certificates.
Participant 10 Basic Training, engine watch keeping
Participant 11 Basic Training, SDSD, Seamans Book, Passport.
Participant 12 Every Vessel are Different Training.
According to most of the respondents in the interview, it states that the
requirements that processed most the Basic Training, SDSD, PSCRD, deck watch,
engine watch, MARPOL Consolidated, lastly, the passport and the Seamans
book.
The respondents were capable of having the Basic training, Survival
Technique, Ship familiarization, lastly, the passport and the Seamans book.
Some of the respondents answered that all vessels have different training
which can be provided by the Training Center.
According to www.martide.com (2021) Blog The requirements for these
seafarer jobs are generally the same and both demand that anyone who is applying
for one of these positions holds a Certificate of Competency (COC) or a Certificate
26
of Equivalent Competency (CEC) which is specific to their seafarer ranks and the
flag of the vessel.
According to maritime-zone.com (2021), plan your maritime career carefully
as you might plan an attack. It’s common knowledge that salaries and working
conditions vary considerably depending on the vessel type, to try to develop a
strategy for moving from one ship type to another.
Question 2: What are the factors that mostly affect you to join ships?
Participant 1 Its affects me because I’m a female so they are expecting me
to be more competent.
Participant 2 It affects me because of the poverty, it’s hard for me to get
trainings and wait for the certificate, also they are expensive.
Participant 3 The pandemic gives me a lot of problem in joining ships.
Participant 4 They only pick who has great performance.
Participant 5 We don’t have a lot of money so I can’t get a lot of trainings.
Participant 6 Pandemic gives me a hard time to join in ships.
Participant 7 The factors that mostly affects me is this due to the pandemic
27
Participant 8 Pandemic gives me hard time to get into a ship.
Participant 9 When you don’t have enough knowledge it’s hard for you.
Participant 10 I’m struggling with what I have learned in school.
Participant 11 Maybe the delayed trainings, and limited access in training.
Participant 12 There's a lot of factors seafarer, and some of them is that the
company itself.
Table 4.5 Factors that mostly affects respondents to join ships
Most of the respondents in the interview said that expensive training and
expensive certificates are the factors that mostly affects them to join a ship, also due
to the pandemic that’s why there is a lot of certificates and limited access to the
certificates and trainings, lastly the trainings and certificates are expensive and
some of the respondents responds that because of the poverty.
She is struggling because she is a female so it’s hard for her to join ships and
to join in the company, she said that she will just hard work to accept her.
According to www.ilo.org (1996-2021), because of restrictions due to the
COVID-19 pandemic, around 90,000 seafarers are currently stuck on board cruise
ships without passengers and sometimes even without pay. A similar number have
been forced to stay on-board commercial ships for much longer than their planned
28
period of service. According to claims received by the ILO, numerous seafarers in
need of immediate medical care ashore have not been allowed to disembark at
many ports around the world. Seafarers and fishers on board are effectively
stranded. Meanwhile those waiting to return to sea have often lost their source of
income.
Question 3: How these factors affect you to join ships?
Participant 1 It affects me because I’m a female, it hard for me to find a job.
Participant 2 It’s hard for me because you must go in manila again and again in
acquiring certificates.
Participant 3 It’s hard to get into company because we cannot get interviewed
in face to face so it’s hard to have a chance.
Participant 4 In applying there are backer that can help students.
Participant 5 It’s hard for me because we don’t have a lot of money.
Participant 6 Just like I said it’s hard because you must be careful in pandemic.
Participant 7 In every training unlike before you need to be scheduled.
29
Participant 8 In joining ship, they limit CADETS that can join.
Participant 9 It can affect through exhaustion of my physical body.
Participant 10 It can affect me because it’s needed to be learned.
Participant 11 The delayed training, and because of that I can’t join.
Participant 12 Requirements are needed so if you don’t have those, you can’t
join ships.
Table 4.6 Factors that affect respondents to join ships
Most of the respondents’ states that being poor makes them hard to get any
training and any certificates also the Seamans book and the passport, because they
can’t join the ship or any company if they don’t have those requirements.
Because of pandemic it’s hard for them to join the ship or in companies
because there is limited access into certificates and basic training. It’s hard to get
into company because of the gender, and it affects her emotional health.
According to 2021 www.safety4sea.com (2021) ‘women are most
disadvantage in the world’ and the world must understand that women matter when
it comes to nation building.
Most of the respondents’ state that their strategy is Time Management,
double the effort, review the needs of joining a ship, take care all the certificates,
training and lastly have a great performance in college.
30
Question 4: Do you think these factors help you to improve your decision-
making skills? Please, explain.
Participant 1 Yes, I think this can help me to build my decision-making skills.
Participant 2 Yes, because you can learn to decide on how you innovate your
strategy and how you will apply your own strategy in the ship.
Participant 3 Yes, time by time because this is the new normal.
Participant 4 Yes, it can help because some backer can train the students.
Participant 5 Yes, to support my family.
Participant 6 Yes, it improved my decision making just like I said you need to
be more careful.
Participant 7 It’s not help me because it affects me, due to the pandemic.
Participant 8 Yes, because it gives me other option to survive in this industry.
31
Participant 9 Yes, because I get motivated when I think of my family.
Participant 10 Yes, it helps me because we always struggle, and it benefits me.
Participant 11 We can decide earlier, and it can help us to create other plans.
Participant 12 Yes, it will affect my decision making because financial problem.
Table 4.7 Factors that helps respondents to improve decision making
Most of the respondents’ answered yes, because the struggles in their life’s
can be a lesson for them and build their integrity, confidence, willingness, and critical
thinking.
It can help because due to the pandemic they can set their goals and review
more and in after a year they are ready and confident to join. It does not help due to
the pandemic, and it really affects the mental health of the respondents.
According to www.weforum.org (2020), Resolving the logjam requires a
coordinated global response to tackle the twin challenges of ensuring workers are
treated with the respect they deserve, while ensuring the supply system operates
smoothly to drive the economic recovery from COVID-19.
As Van Gogh says: “This is the moment to take a hard look at whether we
really do uphold human rights throughout global supply chains and can move
forward together to achieve the Davos Manifesto’s principles of stakeholder
capitalism.”
32
Question 5: What are the strategies that you think would help you elevate
your chances in joining ships?
Participant 1 My strategy, I doubled my effort when it comes to studies
Participant 2 Maybe you need to review that are needed in joining a ship
Participant 3 I take care all the certificates, trainings, etc. earlier
Participant 4 For me it’s based in backer or in your performance in college
Participant 5 Yes, because if you don’t have money, you can’t buy your family
daily necessity
Participant 6 Time Management
Participant 7 My strategy is not to waste time every second
Participant 8 Maybe just apply and apply to companies because its pandemic
not all CADETS can join ships and be patient.
33
Participant 9 Just review what you learn and trust yourself.
Participant 10 Maybe in applying you need to consistent
Participant 11 My strategy is to save up money, and time management.
Participant 12 My strategy is work hard and always remember the basic.
Table 4.8 Strategies that help respondents elevate their chances in joining
ships
Some of the respondents answered that be patient to be successful in the
industry and save up all the money and do a double effort.
Its true that saving money, time management and work hard is the key for
being successful in the specific career that you have.
According to maritime-zone.com (2021), proficiency, and hard work. Experts
agree that these two qualities are in the basis of all successful careers.
Theme 2: Physical Aspect
Maritime organizations recognize these issues and are increasingly diligent in
looking after the physical and mental well-being of their personnel. However, due to
the global nature of the industry few, if any, organizations have the necessary
resources, the reach, or the skill sets to cover all eventualities.
Some of the respondents answered just eat a vegetable, fruits and be
hydrated all the time.
34
Marine ecosystems are adapted to their physical and chemical environment.
Any changes in the physical characteristics of the marine environment can influence
marine life and sustainable use of the seas. It is therefore important to understand
changes in these physical and chemical characteristics in assessing whether we are
working towards Scotland’s vision for clean, healthy, safe, productive, biologically
diverse marine coastal environments, managed to meet the long-term needs of
nature and people.
Question 6: How will you maintain a good and healthy body?
Participant 1 Maintaining good and healthy body, it’s not all about the body it’s
about mental and physical health and the emotional health
Participant 2 Just eat healthy foods and of course do some exercises.
Participant 3 To maintain a good and healthy body is drink a lot of water.
Participant 4 I think you need to balance your diet.
Participant 5 Exercise regularly and eat nutritious food
Participant 6 Eat healthy food and during this pandemic you must wear
facemask to lessen the risk of covid.
Participant 7 As of now during pandemic, I sometimes do push up, and curl up
to maintain healthy body.
Participant 8 Just exercise daily.
Participant 9 Just be hydrated and avoid bad habit.
35
Participant 10 Eating fruits, vegetables, doing exercise daily
Participant 11 Maintain exercise daily and eat regularly
Participant 12 Just maintain your diet and exercise it will help a lot to be
physically healthy.
Table 4.9 Physical Aspect
Most of the respondents’ state that they need a proper diet and a complete
sleep in 8 to 9 hours, also having an exercise and just not your physical body also
your mental and emotional health are needed to be fixed to be healthy inside and
outside.
There is a significant difference of responses on the environmental,
emotional, physical.
Some of the respondents answered just eat a vegetable, fruits and be
hydrated all the time.
According to www.safety4sea.com (2021) eating well means feeling good
about your food choices, investing in your body and your future by not taking in more
calories than your body needs.
Make healthy, nutritious food choices and ensure a balanced diet consisting
of carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals with minimum levels of salt, fat
36
and sugar. The easiest way to be sure you’re getting the aforesaid nutrients, is to eat
a variety of foods.
Theme 3: Training and Certificates
Among its provisions is a requirement for Parties to the Convention to
communicate information to IMO on the measures adopted to implement the
Convention nationally. That information is subject to scrutiny to ensure that the
Convention is being given 'full and complete effect' and, if this is so, the Party
features on the "List of confirmed STCW Parties" and "Information related to Reports
of Independent Evaluation".
One key STCW Convention provision requires Parties to provide information
to allow others to check the validity and authenticity of seafarers' certificates of
competency. This is important as unqualified seafarers holding fraudulent certificates
of competency are a clear danger to themselves, others on board and the marine
environment.
37
To assist with uniform interpretation of the STCW Convention, IMO has
agreed several clarifications of the Convention's provisions and has also developed
further guidance to assist Parties to meet their Convention obligations.
Question 7: What are the strategies that you may suggest in acquiring
training and certificates that are required in the company?
Participant 1 It’s all about law of attraction.
Participant 2 The trainings are needed in the company or joining the ships.
Participant 3 As soon as possible finish training, the company may foresee
your hard work.
Participant 4 You just need to be guided to become a CADET
Participant 5 Before your training certificate expired you must renew it.
Participant 6 My suggestion is getting a required training in specific vessel.
Participant 7 I suggest being focus on the training and to get certificates.
Participant 8 In this pandemic online training can be an opportunity for peoples.
38
Participant 9 Just take training center that is less expensive to you.
Participant 10 Before your training expires just renew it in order not to take it
again.
Participant 11 The strategies that I can suggest is to inquire ahead of time.
Participant 12 Work hard and always remember the basic, and if you are a
student make sure your grade and higher.
Table 5.0 Training and Certificates
Most of the respondents’ state that their strategy is Time Management,
double the effort, review the needs of joining a ship, take care all the certificates,
training and lastly have a great performance in college.
Some of the respondents answered that be patient to be successful in the
industry and save up all the money and do a double effort.
According to maritime-zone.com (2021), plan your maritime career carefully
as you might plan an attack. It’s a common knowledge that salaries and working
conditions vary considerably depending on the vessel type, so try to develop a
strategy of your moves from one ship type to another.
39
SOP 3: Does financial status affect the seafarer chances of joining ships?
Most of the respondent’s answered yes, because the struggles in their life’s
and one of them is being poor, and lives in province and hard for them to pursue
their dream in this industry.
A first time Cadet (Deck or Engine), Mess boy, OS or Wiper will have similar
training but still largely depends on their company.
Most companies require cadets with shipboard experience of at least 6
months to one year. Unfortunately, local shipboard apprentice is quite expensive
nowadays requiring fees in exchange of a sea service experience on board.
Another thing to consider is finding a company. Assuming you don’t have a
backer. You must spend months and months applying for an agency then spend
some more time as a utility cadet with or without allowance
40
Question 8: Aside from the factors that you mentioned, do you think financial
capabilities affect an individual to pursue this industry? Please explain.
Participant 1 This course is expensive, from training, from trips, in all aspects.
Participant 2 Yes, to get certificate that are needed to get into joining a ship.
Participant 3 Yes, because it’s too many struggles.
Participant 4 In, local ships instead they pay you, you will pay them to get
some experience.
Participant 5 Yes, if you don’t have money, you can’t buy your family daily
necessity
Participant 6 Yes, it’s hard to earn money and in applying work in our industry.
Participant 7 Yes, too many lockdowns and too many expenses to pay.
Participant 8 During this time in pandemic, it’s hard to earn money.
Participant 9 Yes, trainings and certificates are expensive.
41
Participant 10 Yes, because, it’s not cheap to take this course also the trainings.
Participant 11 Yes, if you don’t have enough money, you can’t take trainings.
Participant 12 In this industry, you must pay expensively in taking this course.
Table 5.1 Financial capabilities
Most of the respondents’ answered yes, because the struggles in their life’s
and one of them is being poor, and lives in province and hard for them to pursue
their dream in this industry.
Due to the pandemic, they cannot get enough money because pandemic
affects our economy which can lead us to poverty.
According to www.financialeducatorscouncil.org (2020), there are abundant
studies that illustrate the very real impact of financial literacy: improved rates of
savings, lower levels of debt, increased rates of asset accumulation, just to name a
few.
42
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary of Findings
1. Most the respondents are male to which majority are 21- 22 years old, and
one female aging 22 years old. Most of them have been in the maritime
industry CADET. Filipino seafarers find factors contributory to stress and
fatigue to be moderately stressful to which the physical factors prevail over
emotional, environmental, and psychological.
2. Basic Training, SDSD, PSCRD, deck watch, engine watch, MARPOL
Consolidated, lastly the passport and the Seamans book are the
requirements for being a seafarer. Expensive training and expensive
certificates are the factors that mostly affects them to join a ship, also due to
the pandemic that’s why there is a lot of certificates and limited access to the
certificates and training.
43
3. Most companies require cadets with shipboard experience of at least 6
months to one year. Unfortunately, local shipboard apprentice is quite
expensive nowadays requiring fees in exchange of a sea service experience
on board.
Conclusion
Based on the findings the researchers came up with the following
conclusions:
1. In terms of the factors affecting the newly graduated Filipino seafarers, the
respondents were fully aware of the demand of their chosen profession.
These refer to them maintaining good health be it physical, emotional, and
mental.
2. Based on the findings, it reveals that there were many struggles involved
which in financial problems. The information gathered the need to spend
for the requirements to join the ships and companies which is SDSD,
PSCRD, Basic Training, passport, and seaman’s book, all of these need
expenses, thus make their application challenging.
3. Due to the restriction of COVID-19 pandemic, aspiring seafarers are
currently stuck on their house because companies do not accept many
seafarers.
44
4. To maintain the health of the respondents they just eat a vegetable, fruits
and stay hydrated all the time. This proves that they are aware that
keeping themselves healthy is part of them preparing to be onboard.
Recommendation
Based on the conclusions of this study. The following recommendations are
hereby forwarded:
1. The researchers recommended that the Shipping companies may devise personal
and technical skill development course for seafarers. Maritime schools in
coordination with maritime companies may work together to materialize on the job
training that will prepare the maritime students to the actual maritime world.
2. In term of financial issues and struggles, it is recommended for Shipping agencies
to have some financial assistance to the seafarers under training. Good financial
decision and spending should also be practiced.
3. The researchers also hereby recommend the Filipino seafarers to practice a
healthy lifestyle, this means both physically and mentally. The habit of eating proper
diet and avoiding vices would help them maintain the physical health they need to
work onboard and meet the requirements of being a seafarer in an international
vessel. Likewise, practicing positive attitude may contribute to their well-being in
45
terms of emotions. Being physically and mentally prepared would be their foundation
to have a good chance in attaining a seafaring career.
REFERENCES
Acejo I. (2021) The Experience of Being a Filipino Seafarer on a Multinationally
Crewed Ship. In: Gekara V.O., Sampson H. (eds) The World of the Seafarer.
WMU Studies in Maritime Affairs, vol 9. Springer, Cham. Retrieved on May
23, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49825-2_9
Baylon, A. M., Santos, V. E. M. R., & Santos, R. (2011). The Challenges in
Philippine Maritime Education and Training. International Journal of
Innovative Interdisciplinary Research Issue, 1(1), 34–43 Retrieved on May 21,
2021
from https://aboutphilippines.org/files/X5.Baylon.pdf
Bhat, A. 2019.Correlational Research: Definition with Examples. Retrieved on May

23,
2021 from https://www.questionpro.com
BIMCO. 2015. Manpower Report the global Supply and Demand for Seafarers in
2015 International Chamber of Shipping. London: Maritime International

Secretariat Services Limited. Retrieved on May 21, 2021 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333132364_Factors_influencing_se
afarers_to_enroll_in_selected_Maritime_Training_Institutions_in_Davao_Regi
on
Filipinos are active in the global maritime sector. 2015. Retrieved on May 20, 2021
from https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/analysis/seafaring-nation-filipino-
workers-have-become-essential-part-global-maritime-industry#:~:text=The
%20maritime%20industry%20is%20a,than%20%245.2bn%20in
%20remittances.&text=With%20shipping%20carrying%20over
%2090,significant%20role%20in%20this%20industry.
Galvez, Daphne. 2019. PH gov’t aims to remain world’s top source of seafarers.
Retrieved on May 21, 2021 from https://globalnation.inquirer.net/175987/ph-

govt-aims-to-remain-worlds-top-source-of-seafarers#ixzz6vpFOFrtN
46
ILO: General principles & operational guidelines for fair recruitment, 2016. Retrieved
on May 21, 2021 from https://www.ilo.org/africa/areas-of-work/labour-
migration/policy-frameworks/WCMS_671738/lang--en/index.htm
ILO–IMO: Guidelines on the medical examinations of seafarers, as revised in
2011 by the Joint ILO–IMO Working Group on Medical Fitness Examination of
Seafarers and Ships’ Medicine Chests. Retrieved on May 23, 2021 from
https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_dialogue/---sector/
documents/meetingdocument/wcms_162824.pdf
International Chamber of Shipping. Shipping and World Trade: Global Supply and
Demand for Seafarers. Retrieved on May 19, 2021 from https://www.ics-

shipping.org/shipping-fact/shipping-and-world-trade-global-supply-and-
demand-for-seafarers/
Jeżewska M, Grubman-Nowak M, Moryś J Int Marit Health. 2015; Quality of life at

sea
in Polish seafarer's evaluation. 66(4):247-51. Retrieved on May 21, 2021 from

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26726896/
Kim, J. H., & Jang, S. N. (2018). Seafarers' Quality of Life: Organizational Culture,
Self-Efficacy, and Perceived Fatigue. International journal of environmental
research and public health, 15(10), 2150.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102150
Kumar (2018), Philippines top supplier of seafarers on international merchant ships.
Retrievedfromhttps://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/
philippines-top-supplier-of-seafarers-on-international-merchant-ships/
article23966855.ece
Manalo, et. al. (2015). The Challenges of Filipino Seafarers Onboard: Basis for Work
Life Balance. LPU–Laguna Journal of International Tourism and Hospitality

Management Vol. 3, No. 1 Retrieved from https://lpulaguna.edu.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2016/08/6.THE-CHALLENGES-OF-FILIPINO-SEAFARERS-
ONBOARD.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR3N8_d_Pv3ZUOfo4Tds0xwvqDJvWXJev_9KwYtLbTFo5gQi04FBz
NNthCY
Hamilton (2019). Seafarer Happiness & Life on a Cargo Ship. Retrieved on May 31,
2021 from https://www.martide.com/en/blog/employers/happiness-life-on-

cargo-ship/
Nenadić A, Jašić D, Krajnović A (2015) Sociological Aspects of Seafarers’ Life and
47
Work and Management Styles in Shipping. Int J Econ Manag Sci 4: 237.
doi:10.4172/2162-6359.1000237 Retrieved on May 26, 2021 from
https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/sociological-aspects-of-
seafarers-life-and-work-and-management-styles-in-shipping-2162-6359-
1000237.pdf
Pathak, V., Jena, B., & Kalra, S. (2013). Qualitative research. Perspectives in clinical
research, 4(3), 192. Retrieved on May 22, 2021 from
https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-3485.115389
Unescap.org. The Philippine Maritime Industry: Prospects and Challenges in 2013
and beyond. Retrieved on May 19, 2021, from

https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/0.Philippines-1.pdf
SAFETY4SEA (2021) women most disadvantaged
https://safety4sea.com/women-most-disadvantaged-but-they-matter/?
__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=pmd_aZW0MRPV2j4hQyZOvQR4uBxKpNvRVJipjp1yX4zRIKg-
1632751345-0-gqNtZGzNAfujcnBszQil
Martide (2021) Seafarers requirements
https://www.martide.com/en/blog/seafarers/requirements-for-seafarers/
International Labour Organization (ILO) (1996-2021)
https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_743344/lang--en/
index.htm
World Economic Forum (2021) shipping seafarers covid 19 mental health supply
systems
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/06/shipping-seafarers-covid-19-mental-
health-supply-systems/
CfBT Education Trus (2011) Financial Capabilities
https://www.educationdevelopmenttrust.com/EducationDevelopmentTrust/files/0f/
0fbddece-6d06-478f-abd7-4c40ce591d0d.pdf
National Financial Educators Council (2020) Financial Capabilities
https://www.financialeducatorscouncil.org/impact-of-financial-literacy/
48
MaritimeZone (2008 — 2021) How to become a successful seafarer
https://maritime-zone.com/en/news/view/how-to-become-a-successful-seafarer
APPENDICES
49
APPENDIX A
Research Interview Questionnaire
Part 1 - Profile
Name: ___________________________________ (optional)
Gender: Male Female
Age: ___________
Year Graduated: _____________
APPENDIX B
LETTER FOR VALIDATION
50
Dear,
Good day sir, we are the BS-MarE students of Prof. Manuel in research. We would
like to seek your help for the validation our research questionnaire.
Thesis Title: “FACTORS AFFECTING NEWLY GRADUATED FILIPINO

SEAFARERS CHANCES IN JOINING SHIPS IN SELECTED
MARITIME AGENCIES IN METRO MANILA”
Statement of the Problem
This study specifically seeks to answer to the following sub-problems:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of?
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Year Graduated
2. What are the factors that commonly affects the Filipino seafarers’ chances of
joining ship in terms of:
2.1 Physical aspect;
2.2 Company requirements; and
2.3 Training and certificates?
3. Does financial status affect the seafarer chances of joining ships?
51
APPENDIX C
TRANSCRIBED DATA
Respondent A:
Interviewer: A pleasant day ma’am we are research students from Asian Institute of
Maritime Studies. First of all we would like to thank you for granting us this
opportunity to spare some time on answering our interview, To start, let us ask some
questions with regards to our subject matter.
Interviewer: Can you state your name?
Interviewee: I would like to keep it private.
Interviewer: Okay, how old are you?
Interviewee: 22
Interviewer: What were the requirements that you processed in joining ships?
52
Interviewee: So as of now, I'm processing my requirements such as B.P, SDSD,
the P.S.C.R.B., the deckwatch keeping for ofcourse for us na empty which is the
marine transportation and lastly will be my MARPOL Consolidated but theres a lot of
requirements that we are needed to fulfill specially the vessel is like for the tanker,
syempre may specific trainings which is not really taken by.
Interviewer: What are the factors that mostly affect you to join ships?
Interviewee: First of all the most affected or the factors that affects me is like
because im a female so they are expecting me that im a more competent than a
man
Interviewer: How these factors affect you to join ships?
Interviewee: It affects me because im a female, it really hard for me to find a job,
because im graduated in online class its unfair for me because they can use
simulator and I cant, but I can overcome it because I always doubled my efforts
when im studying.
Interviewer: Do you think these factors help you to improve your decision-making
skills? Please, explain.
Interviewee: Yes, I think this can help me to build my decision making skills, also
the confidence, lastly the willingness. These can help me to build my decision
making through confidence and willingness in my life.
Interviewer: Aside from the factors that you mentioned, do you think financial
53
Interviewee: Yes, it really affects when it comes to financial capabilities because we
only would have taken this course because we have money, actually this course is
really expensive, from training, from trips, in all aspects it really hard for us to
undergo this industry without any financial because everything is expensive
including processing the documents after graduating, so yes financial capabilities
affect us individually.
Interviewer: What are the strategies that you think would help you elevate your
chances in joining ships?
Interviewee: As I said, in question number 3, maybe my strategy I doubled my effort
when it comes to studies, this is my own opinion and my own perspective, so
Interviewer: How will you maintain a good and healthy body?
Interviewee: Actually, maintaining good and healthy body, actually its not all about
the body its about mental and physical health and the emotional health, but in terms
of healthy body maybe im making it be more productive, im not saying that do
something exercise because its common, for me I do art to maintain not just my
body healthy and ofcourse my mental and emotional health.
Interviewer: What are the strategies that you may suggest in acquiring training and
certificates that are required in the company?
Interviewee: Like I said earlier because I'm a female my strategy is work harder
than any man so I need to be more competent, so acquiring those training or
certificates you have to acquire physically and mentally on how you are willing deal
54
with this industry, if you are setting this goal or thinking that you can, you can do it.
Its all about law of attraction.
Interviewer: That’s all for today’s interview, thank you ma’am for giving the time
and effort, it is highly appreciated. And also thank you, Sir, for answering all our
questions and thank you for your time. Keep safe and God bless.
Respondent B:
Interviewer: A pleasant day sir we are research students from Asian Institute of
Maritime Studies. First of all, we would like to thank you for granting us this
Interviewee: Can I keep my name unknown?
Interviewee: 22
Interviewee: The requirements in joining a ship is something like basic training,
something like survival techniques, also acquiring STCW certificates
55
Interviewee: The factors that mostly affect me to join a ship is the poverty, for
example acquiring cerficate in manila or in luzon and its far aways and expensive
also having waiting the ceritificate in processing days
Interviewee: Its hard for me because you have to go in manila again and again in
acquiring certificates, and expensive.
Interviewee: Yes, because you can learn to decide on how you innovate your
strategy and how you will apply your own strategy in the ship
Interviewee: Yes, its a big thing for us, because we don’t have a lot of money and
its hard to get certificate that are needed to get into a company or joining a ship
Interviewee: Maybe you need to review that are needed in joining a ship and
complete the needs in the company or joining a ship
Just eat healthy foods and of course do some exercises
56
Interviewer: What are the strategies that you may suggest in acquiring training
and certificates that are required in the company?
Interviewee: The trainings because its needed in the company and you can do it in
the ship so you need to review those. And also thank you, Sir, for answering all our
questions and thank you for your time. Keep safe and God bless.
Respondent C:
Interviewee: I don’t want to state my name.
Interviewee: 22
Interviewee: Taking basic trainings, SDSD, the ship familiarization, The SCRB
Training, lastly for the passport.
57
Interviewee: The factors affects me its this pandemic gives me a lot of problem for
joining companies or joining a ship
Interviewee: First of all, its really hard to get into company because we cannot get
interviewed in face to face so its hard to have a chance.
Interviewee: Yes, time by time because this is the new normal and I wouldn't be
hoping for a living, because it will not improve my decision-making skills.
Interviewee: Aside from the factors that you mentioned, do you think financial
Interviewee: For me, yes because its too many struggles, too many certificates,
also you need to get vaccinated and to be tested that you are not positive and all of
that is expensive
Interviewee: I will take care all the certificates, trainings, and etc earlier to have
chances in the company or joining ships.
58
Interviewee: To maintain a good and healthy body is drink a lot of water, and
complete sleeps 8 to 9 hours and proper diet and proper exercise.
Interviewee: As soon as possible get a training and the company may foresee
your hard work. And also thank you, Sir, for answering all our questions and thank
you for your time.
Interviewer: Thank you for the time and god bless.
59
Respondent D:
Interviewee: 23
Interviewee: The Certificates, trainings.
60
Interviewee: Too many applicants and they only pick who has a great
performance.
Interviewee: In applying there are backer that can help students and its not sure,
and its hard also there are too many applicants.
Interviewee: Yes, it can help because some backer can train the students.
Interviewee: Yes, because there are sometime in local ship instead, they pay you,
you will pay them to get some experience
Interviewee: For me it’s based in backer or in your performance in college, but it’s
hard because there are simultaneous people in my batch
61
Interviewee: I think you need to balance your diet, like estimate your consuming in
eating
Interviewee: There are many trainings center here and you just need to be guided
to become a CADET. And also thank you, Sir, for answering all our questions and
thank you for your time.
Interviewer: Thank you for the time sir and have a good day.
Respondent E:
Interviewee: Pwede bang hindi na sabihin?
Interviewee: 23
62
Interviewee: The requirements is basic training, SDSD, MARPOL, and engine
watchkeeping
Interviewee: The factors that affect me is to be away from my family
Interviewee: Just like I said in question number 2 is to be away from my family
Interviewee: Yes, in order to support my family, I specially need to reciprocate
pursuing my parents
Interviewee: Yes, because if you don’t have money you can’t buy your family daily
necessity
63
Interviewee: Study hard and apply to all company you can be apply
Interviewee: Exercise regularly and eat nutritious food
Interviewee: Before your training certificate expired you must renew them so you
don’t have to take the training again.
Interviewer: And also thank you, Sir, for answering all our questions and thank you
for your time. Keep safe and God bless.
Respondent F:
64
Interviewee: 22
Interviewee: The requirements that I have process are BT, which is the basic
training after that I processed NBI clearance to get seamans book, and I get some
other trainings like SDSD, MARPOL, ETC.
Interviewee: First of all pandemic, when it comes to the philippines its hard for me
to join ship and its hard to apply because the company need more certificate.
Interviewee: Just like I said its hard because you have to be more careful because
its pandemic and to think if the company is safe.
Interviewee: Yes, it improved my decision making just like I said you need to be
more careful when you go out in training because its really risky because you
needed to attend because its needed in the company.
65
Interviewee: Yes, It affects because its hard to earn money and in applying work
in our industry, its hard and you need money.
Interviewee: Lets say you have a company and when the company called you, you
needed to get there on time because you need to be professional.
Interviewee: Eat healthy food and during this pandemic you have to wear
facemask to lessen the risk of covid.
Interviewee: My suggestion is if the company required a training get it as soon as
possible because its will be hard for you if you don’t get it earlier.
66
Respondent G:
Interviewee: I want to keep it unknown for some reason.
67
Interviewee: 22
Interviewee: The requirements that I processed, first I take the training that I
needed and second the seamans book, then the passport, and all the training that
the company asked you to get.
Interviewee: The factors that mostly affects me is this due to the pandemic
Interviewee: These factors affect me in joining ships because in every training
unlike before you need to be scheduled or postpone if another quarantine
implemented again, the schedule will adjust also.
Interviewee: Its not help me because it affects me, for example I make a decision
next month for training and postponed because of the COVID.
68
Interviewee: I think financial capabilities affects an individual like what I said
before, too many lockdown and too many expenses to gain and some of people
dont have work.
Interviewee: my strategy is not to waste time every second and be thankful and
grab the opportunity and take immedietly the training that required.
Interviewee: As of now during pandemic, I sometimes do push up, and curl up to
maintain healthy body.
Interviewee: So, I suggest to be calm and focus on the training and to get
certificates that needed, a take it slow and you will reach the climax of your story.
Interviewer: Thank you, Sir, for answering all our questions and thank you for your
time. Keep safe and God bless.
69
Respondent H:
70
Interviewee: 22
Interviewee: You need certificates, trainings, valid ID, seamans book, passport to
get into a ship and thats what I processed before.
Interviewee: The pandemic, its hard to get into a ship because theres to many
protocol, and the certificates are to hard to get.
Interviewee: Those factors are hard, because its pandemic, also you need to be
vaccinated and tested if your not positive in it, and in joining ship they limit
CADETS than can join.
Interviewee: Yes, because it gives me other option to survive in this industry, its
good opportunity for me because I can plan my future.
71
Interviewee: Yes, in training and certificates its expensive, and during this time in
pandemic its hard to earn money so financial capabilities can affect us.
Interviewee: Maybe just apply and apply to companies because its pandemic not
all CADETS can join ships and be patient.
Interviewee: Just exercise daily.
Interviewee: In this pandemic there’s some strategies like online training and it’s
an opportunity for other people.
Interviewer: Sir, thank you for answering all our questions and thank you for your
72
Respondent I:
73
Interviewee: 22
Interviewee: Requirements that I proccesed are seamans book and others
trainings, certificates so you can apply to company.
Interviewee: Its exhausting when you apply to a company, and when you dont
have enough knowledge its hard for you, also there are many students graduated
so its hard for me to be accepted.
Interviewee: Just pursue your dream, and think positive
Interviewee: Yes, because I get motivated when I think of my family.
Interviewee: Yes, for example you are from province and you are finding a
company and some companies dont accept you to join, you will have profit loss,
also the trainings are expensive.
74
Interviewee: Just review what you learn and trust yourself and lastly think positive.
Interviewee: Just be hydrated, and avoid bad habit.
Interviewee: Just take training center that is less expensive to you.
Interviewer: Thank you for your time. Keep safe and God bless.
Respondent J:
75
Interviewee: 22
Interviewee: The requirements are basic training, engine watchkeeping.
Interviewee: Im struggling with what I have learned in school in crew change so its
a struggle for me to join.
Interviewee: It affects me because its needed to be learned in order to be a good
seaman.
Interviewee: Yes, it helps me because we always struggle and its benefits me
because I will be prepared for the upcoming job opportunity in my life.
Interviewee: Yes, because, its not cheap to take this course also the trainings, and
certificates. You need money to gain those.
76
Interviewee: Maybe in applying you need to consitent also taking this course
seriously can help you to improve.
Interviewee: Eating fruits, vegetables, doing exercise daily
Interviewee: Before your training expires just renew it in order not to take it again.
Respondent K:
77
Interviewee: 22
Interviewee: The requirements that I processed are the trainings, SDSD, seamans
book, and lastly your passport.
Interviewee: Maybe the delayed trainings, and limited access in the agencies or in
the training center.
Interviewee: Its disappointing, the delayed training, and because of that I cant join,
and the travel restriction are the hurdle because Im from province.
Interviewee: We can decide earlier, and also it can help us to create other plans if
the first plan failed.
Interviewee: Yes, it can affect, first if you dont have enough money you cant take
trainings, we know how expensive trainings are, and you needed money to travel
78
to comply your trainings and lastly the document for deployment are expensive
also.
Interviewee: My strategy are to save up money, second is time management, and
lastly being physically fit also having knowledge.
Interviewee: To maintain exercise daily and eat regularly also sleep regularly and
drink plenty of water.
Interviewee: The strategies that I can suggest is to inquire ahead of time, and to
get the training that we need, and different vessels different trainings that we need
so listen carefully.
Interviewer: Sir, thank you for answering all our questions and thank you for your
79
Respondent L:
Interviewee: 22
Interviewee: There's a lot of requirements in joining ships, especially actually im
taking the CADETSHIP program at this moment so theres a lot of training and
certificiate that you posess, also you should have seamans book passport and
other requirements before joining ships.
Interviewee: There's a lot of factors seafarer, and some of them is that the
company itself, because we cannot say that all of the seafarer are graduated in
particular year and join the ship right away, all of them have struggles.
80
Interviewee: All of this will affect greatly, because requirements are needed so if
you dont have those, you cant join ships.
Interviewee: Yes, it will affect my decision making because financial problem can
affect me because sometime I cant afford the certificate and trainings.
Interviewee: Yes, because just like what I said earlier in this industry you have to
pay expensively in taking this course, taking training, getting certificates before you
earn a lot of money.
Interviewee: First, work hard and always remember the basic, and if you are a
student make sure your grade are higher and to think that is acceptable by the
companies, and enhance your confidence
Interviewee: Just maintain your diet and exercise it will help alot to be physically
healthy.
81
Interviewee: Just like what I said earlier in question number 6, work hard and
always remember the basic, and if you are a student make sure your grade and
higher.
Interviewer: Maraming salamat sir, godbless po.
82
CURRICULUM VITAE
MONDEJAR, ROBIN DAVE G.

079 San Andres St. Fatima 1 Sapang Palay
Area E, CJSDM Bulacan
Mobile Number: 09394411854
Email: robindave30@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birthdate: April 30, 2000
Birthplace: Bulacan
Civil status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
SKILLS
- Driving
- Cooking
EDUCATION
BS Marine Engineering
April 2018
ACHIEVEMENT, CERTIFICATION, AND SEMINARS ATTENDED

- Ship Familiarization 2019
- Basic Training 2021
83
TUSCANO, CHARLES DANE
A20 Fabian Compound Alabang, Muntinlupa

City
Email: charlesdanetuscano@gmail.com
Birthdate: November 19, 1999

Birthplace: Legazpi City, Albay
Civil Status: Single
SKILLS
- Driving
- Cooking
EDUCATION
April 2018-Present

84
PACLEB, JAYSON MARLOWE B.
Mangga St. Bical Norte, Bayambang,

Pangasinan
Email: jaysonpacleb199@gmail.com
Birthday: August 20, 1999
Birthplace: Bayambang, Pangasinan
SKILLS
-Driving
-Dancing
-Self Motivation
EDUCATION
April 18- Present

-Ship Familiarization
-Basic Training 2021
85
EBORA DARVIN A.
Location : 1387 Gen. Luna St. Ermita Manila
Email: eboradarvin20@gmail.com
Birthdate: November 20, 1997
Birthplace: Lobo, Batangas
SKILLS
- Playing Team Sports
- Cooking
EDUCATION
April 2018-Present

86
RODITO S. LAYUGAN
Location: Purok 4 Sta. Cruz, Alicia, Isabela
Email: roditolayugan0@gmail.com
Birthdate: January 12,2000
Birthplace: Quezon City
SKILLS
- Driving Skill
- Basketball
- Time Management
- Self Motivation
EDUCATION
April 2018

87
88

Thesis

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Thesis

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ASIAN INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIES

FACTORS AFFECTING NEWLY GRADUATED FILIPINO SEAFARERS’

Tuscano, Charles Dane

Ms. Charity T. Manuel

This thesis entitled “FACTORS OF AFFECTING NEWLY GRADUATED

FILIPINO SEAFARERS’ CHANCES IN JOINING SHIPS IN SELECTED MARITIME

AGENCIES IN METRO MANILA” prepared and submitted by Tuscano, Charles

Research (MARRES333), has been examined and is recommended for acceptance

and approval of ORAL EXAMINATION.

Prof. Charity T. Manuel

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ______.

Maritime Research (MARRES 333).

Secondly, the researchers are especially indebted to their outstanding

different ordeals easier to reach this end.

and suggestions for the enhancement of the study.

Title Page ……....………………………………………………… i

Table of Contents ….……………………………………………… ii

Chapter 1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study ………………….………….…………... 8

Statement of the Problem .………………………………….……… 9

Significance of the Study …….……………………………....….... 10

Conceptual Framework …………………………….…...………. 11

Scope and Limitation ………………………...…….…….…… 12

Definition of Terms …………………………………….………….... 12

Chapter 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign Literature ……………………………….….………… .…. 13

Local Literature ………………………………………………...... 15

Foreign Studies …….…………………………….………………. 17

Local Studies ………………………………………………...… 18

Research Design …………………………………………………… 20

Population and Sampling Technique .…………………………... 21

Research Instrument ………………………………………….… 21

Data Gathering Procedure ……………………………………………. 21

Data Analysis ………….…………………………………………….... 22

Chapter 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Profile of the Participants ……………………….….…………...…. 23

Quoted Answer ……………………………….….…………...…. 26

Chapter 5. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of Findings ……………………….….…………...…. 45

is the pillar of international trade that drives globalization and competitiveness.

intercontinental trade, transportation of bulk raw materials and exporting and

importing of affordable goods would simply be impossible.

Filipino workers seem to have proven themselves to be capable enough to

work at shipping companies around the world. According to an article in 2019

profitable job with a chance to have international activities that could be

most of newly graduated seafarers' chances of joining ships in selected maritime

qualifications would be beneficial for the future of seafarers.

country's primary conditions for maritime qualification, the researchers have

decided to investigate these variables to know what complications seafarers are

with an interpretation of what the maritime industry substantially looks for in an

Background of the Study

recruiting process. Similar to military guidelines, the minimum requirements for

working in the industry.

Branch (2007) notes that, in today's increasingly competitive, cost-conscious,

and complex environment, ship manning is a critical component of the shipping

business. He emphasizes the trend of new technology being introduced to the

industry at a time when the operating environment is undergoing constant economic

the use of resources while remaining compliant with commercial requirements.

recruitment. Specific maritime jobs require the appropriate knowledge and/or

to an applicant’s chances of qualification, such as gender, educational attainment, or

Statement of the Problem

graduated Filipino seafarers’’ chances in joining ships. It also sought to answer to

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of: