METALLIC

BONDING
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Understand that metals consist of giant lattices of metal ions
(cations) in a sea of delocalised electrons.

Know that metallic bonding is the strong electrostatic attraction

between cations and the delocalised electrons.

Be able to use the above two models to interpret the simple

properties of metals, e.g. electrical conductivity and high temperature.

Overview of lesson
01 Explanation of the key topics.

02 Practice questions

03 Quiz
 Arrangement of particles in metals
Metals typically have a few electrons
in the outer shell of their atoms, and
these have low ionisation energies.
They are removed from the atoms to
leave an array of positively charged
ions. The removed electrons are
delocalised electrons and are free to
move throughout the structure.
Metallic bonding is known as "a giant
lattice of positively charged ions
surrounded by a sea of delocalised
electrons".
How does the Lewis structure help to
determine the shapes of molecules?
The Lewis structure helps us identify the bond pairs and the lone pairs. Then, with the
Lewis structure, we apply the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSPER) theory to
determine the molecular geometry and the electron-group geometry.
To identify and have a complete description of the three-dimensional shape of a molecule,
we need to know also learn about state the bond angle as well. Lewis Electron Dot
Structures play crucial role in determining the geometry of molecules because it helps us
identify the valence electrons.
Bond angle
01
Defination
It is defined as the "angle
between the orbitals
containing bonding electron
pairs around the central atom
in a molecule or in a complex
ion". Example: In CO2​the
bond angle is 180. So CO2​
has a linear shape
02
What is a bond angle?
A bond angle is the angle
between any two bonds that
include a common atom,
usually measured in degrees.
Bond length
03
What is bond length?
Bond length is the
experimentally determined
average distance between
two bonded atoms.
 Properties of Metals
Metallic bonding explains the properties of Metals
Metals have high melting points because of the strong electrostatic attraction between the positive metal
ions and the sea of delocalised electrons.

The number of delocalised electrons per atoms affects the melting point.
the more there are the stronger the bonding will be and the higher the melting point.

The delocalised electrons can pass kinetic energy to each other, making metals good thermal conductors.

Metals are good conductors because the delocalised electrons can move and carry a charge.

Metals are insoluble (except in liquid metals), because of the strength of the metallic bonding.
Metals consist of giant lattices of metal ions in a sea of
delocalised electrons
Metallic bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction
between the positive metal ions and the delocalised
electrons
 Practice Questions

1) Describe the structure of a giant metallic lattice

2) Explain why metals have high melting points

3) In which state will the particles of a substance have the least energy, solid, liquid or gas

4) Describe how the particles are arranged in atypical solid, atypical liquid, atypical gas

5) If a substance have a low melting point, what type of structure is it likely to have

6) Out of the four main types of structure (ionic, simple covalent, giant covalent and
metallic).