English For Everyone, Level 3, Intermediate, Course Book 2020 DK

Author
Gill Johnson is an experienced English-language teacher, author,

teacher-trainer, and conference speaker. She currently runs a large
modern languages department at an international school in
Sussex, UK, and spends her holidays training teachers worldwide.
Course consultant
Tim Bowen has taught English and trained teachers in more than 30
countries worldwide. He is the co-author of works on pronunciation
teaching and language-teaching methodology, and author of
numerous books for English-language teachers. He is currently a
freelance materials writer, editor, and translator. He is a member
of the Chartered Institute of Linguists.
Language consultant
Professor Susan Barduhn is an experienced English-language
teacher, teacher trainer, and author, who has contributed to
numerous publications. In addition to directing English-language
courses in at least four different continents, she has been President
of the International Association of Teachers of English as
a Foreign Language, and an adviser to the British Council
and the US State Department. She is currently a Professor
at the School for International Training in Vermont, USA.
ENGLISH
FO R E V E RYO N E
COURSE BOOK
LEVEL INTERMEDIATE
Contents
Editors Hayley Maher, Laura Sandford
Art Editors Rachel Aloof, Dominic Clifford
Senior Art Editor Sharon Spencer How the course works 8
Editorial Assistants Jessica Cawthra, Sarah Edwards
Illustrators Edwood Burn, Denise Joos, Michael Parkin,
Jemma Westing
Making conversation 12
Audio Producer Liz Hammond New language Question tags
Managing Editor Daniel Mills Vocabulary Introductions and greetings
Managing Art Editor Anna Hall New skill Making conversation
Project Manager Christine Stroyan
Jacket Designer Natalie Godwin Vocabulary Countries 16
Jacket Editor Claire Gell
Jacket Design Development Manager Where things are 18
Sophia MTT
New language Prepositions of place
Producer, Pre-Production Luca Frassinetti
Producer Mary Slater Vocabulary Countries and nationalities
Publisher Andrew Macintyre New skill Talking about where things are
Art Director Karen Self
Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf Numbers and statistics 22
New language Numbers in spoken English
DK India
Vocabulary Sports events
Jacket Designer Surabhi Wadhwa
Managing Jackets Editor Saloni Singh New skill Using numbers in conversation
Senior DTP Designer Harish Aggarwal
Times and dates 24
First published in Great Britain in 2016 by New language Precise times
Dorling Kindersley Limited
Vocabulary Dates in US and UK English
80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL
New skill Talking about times and dates
Copyright © 2016 Dorling Kindersley Limited
A Penguin Random House Company Contact details 26
10 8 6 4 2 1 3 5 7 9 New language Letters and numbers
001–284202–Jun/2016 Vocabulary Contact details
All rights reserved. New skill Exchanging personal information
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or
introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or Talking about jobs 30
by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, New language “Job” and “work”
or otherwise), without the prior written Vocabulary Jobs and professions
permission of the copyright owner. New skill Talking about your career
A CIP catalogue record for this book
Routine and free time 34
is available from the British Library.
ISBN: 978-0-2412-2606-3 New language Adverbs of frequency
Vocabulary Leisure activities
Printed and bound in China New skill Talking about routines
All images © Dorling Kindersley Limited Everyday activities 38

For further information see: www.dkimages.com New language Phrasal verbs
Vocabulary Work and leisure
A WORLD OF IDEAS:
New skill Talking about everyday activities
SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW
www.dk.com Vocabulary Body and appearance 42

Describing people 44 Places I have been 82
New language Adjective order New language Present perfect tense
Vocabulary Adjectives for describing people Vocabulary Travel experiences
New skill Describing people in detail New skill Talking about the recent past
Vocabulary Clothes and accessories 46 Things I have done 86

New language Modifying adverbs
What I’m wearing 48 Vocabulary Adventure sports
New language The present continuous New skill Talking about your achievements
Vocabulary Clothes and fashion
New skill Describing clothes Activities in progress 90
New language Present perfect continuous
Vocabulary Rooms and furniture 52 Vocabulary Home improvements
New skill Talking about activities in the past
Daily routines 54
New language Collocations My talents and skills 94
Vocabulary Routines and chores New language Present perfect continuous questions
New skill Talking about your day Vocabulary Hobbies and interests
New skill Asking about past events
Separable phrasal verbs 58
New language Separable phrasal verbs Activities and their results 98
Vocabulary Around town New language Forms of the present perfect
New skill Describing a town in detail Vocabulary State and action verbs
New skill Talking about results of activities
Comparing places 62
New language Modifiers Everyday problems 102
Vocabulary Geographical terms New language Negative prefixes
New skill Describing and comparing places Vocabulary Urban problems
New skill Talking about everyday problems
Likes and dislikes 66
New language Adjectives with “-ing” and “-ed” General and specific things 106
Vocabulary Feelings and emotions New language Definite and zero articles
New skill Talking about likes and dislikes Vocabulary Possessions
New skill Talking about the things you own
Vocabulary Family and growing up 70
Vocabulary Food and drink 110
Early years 72
New language “Did” for emphasis Myself, yourself 112
Vocabulary Baby equipment and parenting New language Reflexive pronouns
New skill Describing your childhood Vocabulary Measurements and flavors
New skill Talking about food and recipes
Vocabulary Education 76
What things are for 116
Changing meaning 78 New language Gerunds and infinitives
New language Prefixes and suffixes Vocabulary Household gadgets
Vocabulary Studying New skill Talking about why you use things
New skill Changing the meaning of words
Vocabulary Sports 120
Vocabulary Transportation and travel 80
Opinions and plans 122 Asking for agreement 156
New language Simple verb patterns New language Question tags
Vocabulary Sports and leisure Vocabulary Travel and leisure plans
New skill Talking about opinions and plans New skill Checking information
Future arrangements 126 Vocabulary Science and tools 160

New language Present continuous for plans
Vocabulary Collocations with “take” Things that are always true 162
New skill Talking about future arrangements New language Zero conditional
Vocabulary Scientific facts
Planning the future 130 New skill Talking about general truths
New language “Going to”
Vocabulary Healthy living Describing a process 166
New skill Talking about plans to keep fit New language Present simple passive
Vocabulary Science experiments
Vocabulary Weather and climate 134 New skill Describing a process
Predictions and promises 136 Things that might happen 170

New language Future tense with “will” New language First conditional
Vocabulary Weather Vocabulary Tools and making things
New skill Making predictions and promises New skill Giving advice and instructions
Possibility 140 Solving problems 174

New language “Might” to show possibility New language First conditional with imperative
Vocabulary Weather and landscape Vocabulary Health and wellbeing
New skill Discussing possibilities New skill Giving advice and instructions
Vocabulary Sickness and health 144 Planning activities 178

New language Subordinate time clauses
Obligations 146 Vocabulary Building works
New language “Must” and “have to” New skill Describing sequences of events
Vocabulary Health and sickness
New skill Expressing obligation Unlikely situations 182
New language Second conditional
Making deductions 148 Vocabulary Collocations with “make” and “do”
New language “Might” and “could” New skill Talking about future dreams
Vocabulary Health and sickness
New skill Talking about possibility Vocabulary Emotions 186
Polite requests 152 Giving advice 188

New language “Can,” “could,” and “may” New language “If I were you”
Vocabulary Good manners Vocabulary Phrases for giving advice
New skill Asking for permission New skill Making suggestions
More phrasal verbs 154 Real and unreal situations 192

New language Three-word phrasal verbs New language First and second conditional
Vocabulary Personal relationships Vocabulary Collocations for business meetings
New skill Understanding informal English New skill Talking about possibilities
Being specific 196 What happened when? 232
New language Defining relative clauses New language Time adverbs and phrases
Vocabulary Personal characteristics Vocabulary Storytelling devices
New skill Describing people and jobs New skill Putting events in order
Adding information 200 What other people said 236

New language Non-defining relative clauses New language Reported speech
Vocabulary Personal characteristics Vocabulary Work and education
New skill Describing people, places, and things New skill Talking about people’s lives
What was happening when? 204 Telling things to people 240

New language Past continuous New language Reported speech with “tell”
Vocabulary Verb / noun collocations Vocabulary Collocations with “say” and “tell”
New skill Talking about events at given times New skill Talking about truth and lies
Vocabulary The natural world 208 Suggestions and explanations 244

New language Reporting verbs with “that”
Setting the scene 210 Vocabulary More reporting verbs
New language Past continuous New skill Reporting explanations
Vocabulary Adjectives to describe places
New skill Setting the scene for a story Telling people what to do 248
New language Verbs with object and infinitive
Interrupted actions 212 Vocabulary Reporting verbs
New language Past continuous and past simple New skill Reporting advice and instructions
Vocabulary Travel and leisure
New skill Describing interrupted actions What other people asked 252
New language Reported questions
Events in the past 216 Vocabulary Collocations with “raise”
New language Past simple passive New skill Reporting direct questions
Vocabulary Environmental disasters
New skill Talking about important events Reporting simple questions 256
New language “If” and “whether”
Before and after 220 Vocabulary Verb / preposition collocations
New language Past perfect and past simple New skill Reporting simple questions
Vocabulary Visual arts
New skill Describing sequences of past events Polite questions 260
New language Indirect questions
First times 224 Vocabulary Practical issues
New language “Never” / “ever” with past tenses New skill Asking polite questions
Vocabulary Travel adjectives
New skill Describing new experiences Wishes and regrets 264
New language “Wish” with past tenses
Vocabulary Common English idioms 228 Vocabulary Life events
New skill Talking about regrets
Telling a story 230
New language Narrative tenses Answers 268
Vocabulary Idioms for storytelling
New skill Using different past tenses Index 285
How the course works
English for Everyone is designed for people who want to teach Making conversation say the sentences out loud, adding question tags
themselves the English language. Like all language courses, it

In spoken English, you might hear small questions added New language Question tags
to the ends of sentences. These are called question tags, Vocabulary Introductions and greetings
and they are used to invite someone to agree with you. New skill Making conversation
MaTch ThE bEgInnIngs of ThE sEnTEncEs To ThE corrEcT EndIngs
covers the core skills: grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation,

listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Unlike in other courses,
the skills are taught and practiced as
Making conversation
Mark ThE sEnTEncEs ThaT arE corrEcT
visually as possible, using images and

ADD QUESTION TAGS SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD,
TO THE SENTENCES ADDING QUESTION TAGS
graphics to help you understand and KEY LANGUAGE QUESTION TAGS

The simplest question
tags use the verb “to
be” with a pronoun
matching the subject
STATEMENT QUESTION TAG
remember. The best way to learn is to

of the sentence.
FURTHER EXAMPLES QUESTION TAGS For statements with “I” use

“aren’t I?” not “amn’t I?” in
work through the book in order, making

the negative question tag.
12 13
PRACTICE BOOK
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full use of the audio available on the HOW TO FORM QUESTION TAGS
A positive statement is followed by a negative
question tag, and a negative statement is followed
TIP
Question tags
are mostly used
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
website and app. Turn to the practice

by a positive question tag. in informal
situations.
Five people are attending
a birthday party.
book at the end of each unit to reinforce

Verb is positive. Question tag uses negative form of verb.
your learning with additional exercises.

Verb is negative. Question tag uses positive form of verb.
12 13
COURSE BOOK
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Modules Each unit is broken down

Unit number The book is divided Learning points Every unit into modules, which should be done
into units. The unit number helps begins with a summary of in order. You can take a break from
you keep track of your progress. the key learning points. learning after completing any module.
Everyday activities REWRITE THE SENTENCES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS
English often uses phrasal verbs to talk about routine New language Phrasal verbs
activities. Phrasal verbs are two-part verbs that are Vocabulary Work and leisure
mostly used in informal, conversational English. New skill Talking about everyday activities
KEY LANGUAGE PHRASAL VERBS

TIP
Phrasal verbs consist of a verb followed by a particle. Most, but not all,
The particle often changes the usual meaning of the verb. particles in
phrasal verbs are
PHRASAL VERB also prepositions.
Language learning
Modules with colored READ THE ARTICLE AND MATCH THE PHRASAL VERBS
TO THEIR DEFINITIONS
backgrounds teach new
verb particle
vocabulary and grammar. HOW TO FORM PHRASAL VERBS

Study these carefully The particle always comes after the verb. The particle
The “he” form of the verb has an “s.”
never changes, even if the verb changes.
before moving on to
the exercises. This is wrong. The particle This is wrong. The particle
should never change. should come after the verb.
FURTHER EXAMPLES PHRASAL VERBS
38 39
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Audio support Most modules Exercises Modules with

have supporting audio white backgrounds
FREE AUDIO recordings of native English
speakers to help you improve
contain exercises that help
you practice your new
website and app your speaking and listening skills. skills to reinforce learning.
www.dkefe.com
8
Language modules
New language points are taught in carefully graded stages, starting with a simple
explanation of when they are used, then offering further examples of common
usage, and a detailed breakdown of how key constructions are formed.
Activities in progress
Module number Every module
is identified with a unique number, Module heading The teaching
Use the present perfect continuous to talk about New language Present perfect continuous
so you can track your progress and topic appears here, along with
ongoing activities in the past. Use “for” and “since” to Vocabulary Home improvements
easily locate any related audio.
talk about the length or starting point of an activity.
a brief introduction.
New skill Talking about activities in the past
KEY LANGUAGE THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

The present perfect continuous describes an activity that took place over a period
of time in the recent past. The activity might just have stopped or might still be happening.
Sample language New language points
The past activity
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
often affects the are introduced in context. Colored
present moment. highlights make new constructions easy
to spot, and annotations explain them.
Graphic guide Clear, simple visuals help

to explain the meaning of new language
forms and when to use them, and also
act as an aid to learning and recall.
FURTHER EXAMPLES THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
“I have” can be shortened to “I’ve.” “He has” can be shortened to “He’s.”
Supporting audio This symbol

indicates that the model sentences
featured in the module are available
as audio recordings.
HOW TO FORM THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

SUBJECT “HAS/HAVE” “BEEN” VERB + “-ING” OBJECT
Formation guide Visual guides
break down English grammar into its
simplest parts, showing you how to
recreate even complex formations.
Use “have” or “has,” “Been” stays the Add “ing” to
depending on the subject. same for all subjects. the main verb.
90
Vocabulary
FOOD AND DRINK
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Vocabulary Throughout the book,

vocabulary modules list the most
common and useful English words
and phrases, with visual cues to
help you remember them.
Write-on lines You are

encouraged to write your own
translations of English words to
create your own reference pages.
110
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9
Practice modules
Each exercise is carefully graded to drill GRAMMAR VOCABULARY
Apply new language rules Cement your understanding
and test the language taught in the
in different contexts. of key vocabulary.
corresponding course book units.
Working through the exercises alongside READING SPEAKING
the course book will help you remember Examine target language Compare your spoken English
what you have learned and become in real-life English contexts. to model audio recordings.
more fluent. Every exercise is introduced LISTENING
with a symbol to indicate which skill is Test your understanding
being practiced. of spoken English.
Module number Every module

is identified with a unique
number, so you can easily locate
answers and related audio. ADD QUESTION TAGS SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD,
TO THE SENTENCES Exercise
ADDINGinstruction
QUESTION Every
TAGSexercise
is introduced with a brief instruction,
telling you what you need to do.
Sample answer The first
question of each exercise is
answered for you, to help make
the task easy to understand.
Space for writing You are

encouraged to write your answers
in the book for future reference.
Supporting graphics Visual

cues are given to help you
understand the exercises. SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, USING THE GIVEN PHRASAL VERBS
FILL IN THE GAPS WITH “FOR” OR “SINCE”
Supporting LISTEN TO THE

audio This AUDIO
symbol AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
shows
that the answers to the exercise are
available as audioFivetracks. Listen
people are to
attending
LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND USE PHRASAL VERBS
a birthday party.
them after completing the exercise. TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES
Speaking exercise This
symbol indicates that you
should say your answers
Listening exercise LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND WRITE HOW LONG THE ACTIVITY IN EACH
out loud, then compare
PICTURE HAS BEEN GOING ON FOR
This symbol indicates them to model recordings
that you should listen to included in your audio files.
an audio track in order
to answer the questions
in the exercise.
13
012-015_Unit_1_Making_conversation.indd 13 22/01/2016 11:31
CHECKLIST
Phrasal verbs Work and leisure Talking about everyday activities
41
CHECKLIST 038-041_Unit_9_Everyday.indd 41 22/01/2016 18:46
10 Present perfect continuous Home improvements Talking about activities in the past
93
Audio
English for Everyone features extensive supporting audio materials.
You are encouraged to use them as much as you can, to improve
your understanding of spoken English, and to make your own
accent and pronunciation more natural. Each file can be played,
paused, and repeated as often as you like, until you are confident
you understand what has been said.
LISTENING EXERCISES
This symbol indicates that you should
listen to an audio track in order to
answer the questions in the exercise.
FREE AUDIO
SUPPORTING AUDIO
This symbol indicates that extra audio website and app
material is available for you to listen www.dkefe.com
to after completing the module.
Track your progress

LOOK AT THE LUGGAGE TAG, THEN RESPOND TO THE AUDIO,
SPEAKING OUT LOUD
The course is designed to make it easy to monitor your progress, Answers Find the
with regular summary and review modules. Answers are provided answers to every
exercise printed at
for every exercise, so you can see how well you have understood the back of the book.
each teaching point.
SPEAKING OUT LOUD
Checklists Every unit ends with a

checklist, where you can check off
the new skills you have learned.
Exercise numbers
CHECKLIST Match these numbers
Letters and numbers Contact details Exchanging personal information to the unique identifier
at the top-left corner
REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 1–6
of each exercise.
NEW LANGUAGE SAMPLE SENTENCE CheckUNITboxes Use these boxes
Review modules At the end of a
QUESTION TAGS
to mark the skills you feel
group of units, you will find a more comfortable with. Go back and
detailed
CHECKLISTreview module, summarizing
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
review anything you feel you
the and
Letters
FRACTIONS
language
numbers you Contact
havedetails
learned. Exchanging personal information need to practice further.
DECIMALS AND PERCENTAGES

REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 1–6 Audio This symbol
NEW LANGUAGE
TIMES AND DATES SAMPLE SENTENCE UNIT indicates that the
QUESTION TAGS answers can also be
CONTACT DETAILS
listened to.
29
FRACTIONS

026-029_Unit_6_Contact_details.indd 29 26/01/2016 10:57
TIMES AND DATES
CONTACT DETAILS
29
11
026-029_Unit_6_Contact_details.indd 29 26/01/2016 10:57
Making conversation
KEY LANGUAGE QUESTION TAGS

The simplest question STATEMENT QUESTION TAG
tags use the verb “to
be” with a pronoun
matching the subject
of the sentence.
FURTHER EXAMPLES QUESTION TAGS For statements with “I” use

“aren’t I?” not “amn’t I?” in
the negative question tag.
HOW TO FORM QUESTION TAGS

A positive statement is followed by a negative
TIP
Question tags
question tag, and a negative statement is followed are mostly used
by a positive question tag. in informal
situations.
Verb is positive. Question tag uses negative form of verb.
Verb is negative. Question tag uses positive form of verb.
12
ADD QUESTION TAGS SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD,
TO THE SENTENCES ADDING QUESTION TAGS
Five people are attending

a birthday party.
13
KEY LANGUAGE FORMAL AND INFORMAL CONVERSATIONS
Chatting to friends uses informal language, while
greeting people at work may use formal language.
FORMAL INFORMAL
FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE PHRASES IN THE PANEL
14
MARK THE BEST REPLY RESPOND TO THE AUDIO,
TO EACH GREETING SPEAKING OUT LOUD
All of these replies are correct, but some are more
appropriate for formal or informal situations.
CHECKLIST
Question tags Introductions and greetings Making conversation
15
Vocabulary
COUNTRIES
16
17
Where things are
English uses prepositions to talk about where things are. New language Prepositions of place
It is important to learn the correct prepositions for Vocabulary Countries and nationalities
different phrases describing locations and directions. New skill Talking about where things are
KEY LANGUAGE PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

Many locations must have a particular preposition before them.
Using the wrong preposition can change the meaning
of a sentence about where things are.
VOCABULARY COMPASS POINTS AND USEFUL PHRASES
18
READ THE POSTCARD AND FILL IN THE GAPS WITH
THE CORRECT PREPOSITION OF PLACE
Joe and Patsy are on a trip around the world.

They introduce themselves to some other travelers.
19
RESPOND TO THE AUDIO, SPEAKING OUT LOUD
KEY LANGUAGE PRECISE MATCH THE PICTURES

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES TO THE CORRECT SENTENCES
20
READ THE ARTICLE AND WRITE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS
AS FULL SENTENCES, USING PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
CHECKLIST
Prepositions of place Countries and nationalities Talking about where things are
21
Numbers and statistics
Fractions, decimals, and percentages are all New language Numbers in spoken English
pronounced differently in spoken English, Vocabulary Sports events
following a few simple rules. New skill Using numbers in conversation
KEY LANGUAGE FRACTIONS

You might see fractions written out as words. Aside from “half ” and “quarter,”
the bottom number of a fraction is written or spoken as an ordinal number.
Use ordinal numbers for Use cardinal numbers for Use “and” to link a whole
the bottom of a fraction. the top of a fraction. number and a fraction.
KEY LANGUAGE DECIMALS

Decimals are always written as numbers, not words. The decimal point is pronounced
Decimal points are written
“point,” and all numbers after the decimal point are spoken separately. in English using a period,
or full stop.
There are three ways of saying You don’t say “three

decimals that begin with 0. point ninety-seven.”
KEY LANGUAGE PERCENTAGES

The % symbol is written and spoken as “percent.” You might also see “per cent”
The % symbol is
written in UK English. Percentages are normally written as numbers, not words. pronounced “percent.”
22
SAY THE LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND COMPLETE
NUMBERS OUT LOUD THE SENTENCES WITH NUMBERS
You will hear a sports report from
the Athletics Championship.
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, SAYING THE NUMBERS CORRECTLY
CHECKLIST
Numbers in spoken English Sports events Using numbers in conversation
23
Times and dates
There are many ways of saying the time and the date New language Precise times
in English. American and British English speakers Vocabulary Dates in US and UK English
often use different forms. New skill Talking about times and dates
KEY LANGUAGE SAYING WHAT THE TIME IS

US English and informal spoken UK English use the 12-hour clock. You might hear the 24-hour
clock in public transport
announcements.
Saying “minutes” shows you

are being precise about the time.
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND FILL IN THE GAPS USING

THE TIMES IN THE PANEL
Sofia and Dylan are going to see a play. Dylan calls Sofia to say he will be late.
24
KEY LANGUAGE DATES MATCH THE US DATES WITH
Dates in American English are usually THE UK DATES
written with the month first. Dates in
British English are usually written with US UK
the day first.
US UK
LOOK AT THE POSTER, THEN RESPOND TO THE AUDIO,

SPEAKING OUT LOUD
CHECKLIST
Precise times Dates in US and UK English Talking about times and dates
25
Contact details
Telephone numbers, street addresses, email addresses, New language Letters and numbers
and web addresses are expressed in slightly different Vocabulary Contact details
ways in US and UK English. New skill Exchanging personal information
VOCABULARY CONTACT DETAILS
PRONUNCIATION WEBSITES AND EMAILS

In spoken English, “.com,“ “@,” and “.co.uk” are pronounced as follows:
26
READ THE BUSINESS CARD AND WRITE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS
AS FULL SENTENCES

WRITE THE PLACE NAMES THAT BY SPELLING THE PLACE NAMES
ARE SPELLED OUT OUT LOUD
27
PRONUNCIATION NUMBERS
In American English, the number “0” is pronounced “zero,” and repeated numbers are said individually.
In British English, many different pronunciations are possible for 0 and rows of repeated numbers.
Joe is swapping contact details with the new

friends he met on his trip around the world.
PRONUNCIATION VOWEL SOUNDS

The names that you heard in the dialogue include
different vowel sounds. Practice saying the
names below, then listen and repeat.
28
SPEAKING OUT LOUD
CHECKLIST
Letters and numbers Contact details Exchanging personal information

NEW LANGUAGE SAMPLE SENTENCE UNIT
QUESTION TAGS
FRACTIONS
TIMES AND DATES
CONTACT DETAILS
29
Talking about jobs
English uses the words “job” and “work” in a variety of New language “Job” and “work”
contexts to talk about different professions, working Vocabulary Jobs and professions
conditions, and career paths. New skill Talking about your career
VOCABULARY JOBS
30
READ THE JOB ADVERTISEMENTS AND WRITE THE HIGHLIGHTED WORDS
NEXT TO THEIR DEFINITIONS
REWRITE THE HIGHLIGHTED WORDS, CORRECTING THE ERRORS
31
KEY LANGUAGE “JOB” OR “WORK”
The words “job” and “work” are
commonly confused in English. “Work” can be a noun.
“Job” can only be a noun.

It cannot be a verb. It can also
be a verb.
“Job” is used for a specific role. “Work” is uncountable,

It is a countable noun. and used for general activities.
English uses “work” to talk about working hours and travel.
FILL IN THE GAPS WITH LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, THEN

“JOB” OR “WORK” NUMBER THE PICTURES IN THE
ORDER THEY ARE DESCRIBED
32
READ THE ARTICLE AND MATCH THE HIGHLIGHTED WORDS
CHECKLIST
“Job” and “work” Jobs and professions Talking about your career
33
Routine and free time
You can use adverbs of frequency to talk accurately New language Adverbs of frequency
about your daily routine and how often you do work Vocabulary Leisure activities
and leisure activities. New skill Talking about routines
KEY LANGUAGE ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

Adverbs of frequency
sit between the
subject of the 100%
sentence and the
main verb.
Use these for things

that happen all or a
lot of the time.

that happen some
of the time.

0%
that happen very few
times, or not at all.
CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS TO MAKE PAIRS OF

SENTENCES WITH SIMILAR MEANINGS
34
KEY LANGUAGE WORD ORDER
You can also describe frequency with more precise expressions.
Unlike adverbs of frequency, these must sit at the end of a phrase.
The verb usually goes after Precise expressions usually
the adverb of frequency. go at the end of a phrase.
REWRITE THE SENTENCES, REWRITE THE NOTE,

PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE CORRECTING THE ERRORS
CORRECT ORDER
35
KEY LANGUAGE WORD ORDER WITH “BE”
Adverbs of frequency go before most verbs.
If the main verb in a
sentence is “be,” adverbs
of frequency go after
the verb, not before it.
Adverbs of frequency go after the verb “be.”
FURTHER EXAMPLES WORD ORDER WITH “BE”
MARK THE SENTENCES SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD,

THAT ARE CORRECT PUTTING THE ADVERB OF
FREQUENCY IN THE CORRECT PLACE
36
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO READ THE ARTICLE AND
AND WRITE HOW OFTEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
EACH ACTIVITY IS DONE
Lucy is an artist who has recently retired and
moved to a small town. Her friend Michael is
asking her about her new life.
CHECKLIST
Adverbs of frequency Leisure activities Talking about routines
37
Everyday activities
English often uses phrasal verbs to talk about routine New language Phrasal verbs
activities. Phrasal verbs are two-part verbs that are Vocabulary Work and leisure
mostly used in informal, conversational English. New skill Talking about everyday activities

TIP
Phrasal verbs consist of a verb followed by a particle. Most, but not all,
The particle often changes the usual meaning of the verb. particles in
phrasal verbs are
PHRASAL VERB also prepositions.
verb particle
HOW TO FORM PHRASAL VERBS

The particle always comes after the verb. The particle
never changes, even if the verb changes. The “he” form of the verb has an “s.”
This is wrong. The particle This is wrong. The particle

should never change. should come after the verb.
FURTHER EXAMPLES PHRASAL VERBS
38
REWRITE THE SENTENCES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS
READ THE ARTICLE AND MATCH THE PHRASAL VERBS

39
KEY LANGUAGE PHRASAL VERBS IN DIFFERENT TENSES
When phrasal verbs are used in different tenses,
the verb changes but the particle remains the same.
The particle
never changes.
PRESENT SIMPLE
PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
FUTURE WITH “WILL”
REWRITE THE SENTENCES, LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND

CORRECTING THE ERRORS ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
Teresa meets her friend Paul for

coffee, and they talk about what
they’ve been doing.
40
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, USING THE GIVEN PHRASAL VERBS
LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND USE PHRASAL VERBS

TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES
CHECKLIST
Phrasal verbs Work and leisure Talking about everyday activities
41
Vocabulary
THE BODY
42
HAIR
APPEARANCE
43
Describing people
You often use more than one adjective in a row, for example New language Adjective order
when describing people. In English, adjectives must be Vocabulary Adjectives for describing people
written in a particular order, according to their meaning. New skill Describing people in detail
KEY LANGUAGE ADJECTIVE ORDER

The meaning of an adjective decides its
TIP
Don’t use more
order in a sentence. Opinions come first, Fact adjectives also have their own than two or three
followed by different types of facts. order, depending on their meaning. adjectives in
a sentence.
OPINION ADJECTIVE FACT ADJECTIVES NOUN
SHAPE COLOR
KEY LANGUAGE ADJECTIVE ORDER IN DETAIL

OPINION SIZE SHAPE AGE COLOR NOUN
WRITE THE WORDS FROM THE PANEL IN THE CORRECT GROUPS
OPINION SIZE SHAPE AGE COLOR
44
REWRITE THE SENTENCES, PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE CORRECT ORDER
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MATCH THE NAMES TO THE PORTRAITS
CHECKLIST
Adjective order Adjectives for describing people Describing people in detail
45
Vocabulary
CLOTHES
46
ACCESSORIES AND STYLES CLOTHING MATERIALS
CLOTHING SIZES
47
What I’m wearing
The present continuous is used to talk about ongoing New language Present continuous
actions that are happening now. It also describes the Vocabulary Clothes and fashion
current state of things, such as what a person is wearing. New skill Describing clothes
KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

The present continuous
is formed using the
verb “to be” and the
present participle. The present continuous Add “-ing” to the main verb.
uses the verb “be.”
HOW TO FORM PRESENT PARTICIPLES

The present participle is usually formed by adding “-ing” to the
end of the verb. Some participles are formed slightly differently.
Last letter Last letters Letter pattern is
Main verb. is “e.” are “ie.” consonant – vowel – consonant.
Add “-ing” to form Leave out “e” Change Double the last letter,
regular present participles. and add “-ing.” “ie” to “y.” unless it’s “w” or “y.”
FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS

IN THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
48
READ THE BLOG AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
49
DESCRIBE WHAT EACH PERSON IS WEARING USING THE WORDS

IN THE PANEL, SPEAKING OUT LOUD
50
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND DECIDE WHO BOUGHT
EACH ITEM OF CLOTHING
CHECKLIST
Present continuous Clothes and fashion Describing clothes

“JOB” OR “WORK”
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
DESCRIPTIONS OF FREQUENCY
WORD ORDER
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
WORD ORDER WITH “BE”
PHRASAL VERBS
ADJECTIVE ORDER
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
51
Vocabulary
ROOMS AND FURNITURE
52
53
Daily routines
Collocations are groups of words that are often used New language Collocations
together in English. You can use them to make your Vocabulary Routines and chores
spoken English sound more natural. New skill Talking about your day
KEY LANGUAGE COLLOCATIONS

Many household chores COLLOCATION
are described using
collocations. Often the
definite article (“the”)
is included.
English speakers would usually say “make” “The” sounds more natural than “his” in this sentence.
rather than “do” or “tidy” in this sentence.
FURTHER EXAMPLES COLLOCATIONS
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, THEN NUMBER THE PICTURES IN THE ORDER

THEY ARE DESCRIBED
Tatiana is visiting her friend Laura and they
are talking about household chores.
54
KEY LANGUAGE COLLOCATIONS REWRITE THE NOTE,
IN DIFFERENT TENSES CORRECTING THE ERRORS
Collocations can be used in different tenses
by changing the form of the verb.
PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT

LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS
55
KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS
The present simple describes routine actions. The present
continuous describes actions that are occurring right now.
PRESENT SIMPLE (ROUTINE ACTION) PRESENT CONTINUOUS (ACTION HAPPENING NOW)
CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE
Maya visits her sister, Gita, to go shopping,

but Gita is busy with chores.
56
READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
CHECKLIST
Collocations Routines and chores Talking about your day
57
Separable phrasal verbs
All phrasal verbs consist of a verb and a particle. Some must New language Separable phrasal verbs
have the verb and particle together, but with others, the Vocabulary Around town
object can appear in between. New skill Describing a town in detail
KEY LANGUAGE SEPARABLE PHRASAL VERBS

With separable The object can go
after the particle.
phrasal verbs, the
object of the sentence
can go before or after
the particle. The
meaning is the same.
The object can also go between

the verb and the particle.
FURTHER EXAMPLES SEPARABLE PHRASAL VERBS
REWRITE THE SENTENCES BY CHANGING THE POSITION OF THE PARTICLE
58
READ THE PASSAGE AND WRITE THE HIGHLIGHTED PHRASES
COMMON MISTAKES SEPARABLE PHRASAL VERBS WITH PRONOUNS

If the object of a sentence with a separable phrasal verb is
a pronoun, it must go between the verb and the particle. This is correct. The pronoun must
go between the verb and the particle.
This is wrong. The pronoun

cannot go after the particle.
REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING THE OBJECT PRONOUN “IT”
59
VOCABULARY AROUND TOWN
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND NUMBER THE PICTURES IN THE

ORDER THEY ARE DESCRIBED
READ THE EMAIL AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
60
VOCABULARY POINTS OF INTEREST
MATCH THE WORDS IN BOLD WRITE THE WORDS

TO THE ADJECTIVES FROM THE PANEL IN THE
CORRECT GROUPS
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
CHECKLIST
Separable phrasal verbs Around town Describing a town in detail
61
Comparing places
You can use modifiers before comparatives and New language Modifiers
superlatives to compare places, such as geographical Vocabulary Geographical terms
features, in more detail. New skill Describing and comparing places
KEY LANGUAGE COMPARATIVES WITH MODIFIERS

Use modifiers before comparatives to be more
TIP
You can’t modify
precise about the comparison you are making. comparatives
modifier with “very.”
comparative
These modifiers mean there

These modifiers mean there is only a small
is a big difference between
difference between the things you are comparing.
the things you are comparing.
KEY LANGUAGE LONG COMPARATIVES WITH MODIFIERS
The modifier goes Form long comparatives by putting

before “more.” “more” before the adjective.
LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS

IN EACH SENTENCE
62
KEY LANGUAGE SUPERLATIVES WITH MODIFIERS
You can use “easily” or “by far” to make superlative adjectives stronger,
or “one of ” to show that the superlative belongs to a group of things.
These modifiers make the superlative stronger.

You cannot use them with comparatives.
“One of ” makes the If you use “one of ” with superlatives,

superlative part of a group. the noun must be in plural form.
KEY LANGUAGE LONG SUPERLATIVES WITH MODIFIERS
The modifier Form long superlatives by putting

goes before “the.” “the most” before the adjective.
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, CORRECTING THE ERRORS
63
VOCABULARY GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS
Umar and Sharon are taking

a quiz about places around
the world.
64
CHECKLIST
Modifiers Geographical terms Describing and comparing places
65
Likes and dislikes
In English, many adjectives are formed by adding “-ing” New language Adjectives with “-ing” and “-ed”
or “-ed” to verbs. These adjectives often have different Vocabulary Feelings and emotions
meanings and can be used to describe likes and dislikes. New skill Talking about likes and dislikes
KEY LANGUAGE ADJECTIVES WITH “-ING” AND “-ED”

Adjectives that end in “-ing” describe the effect something has.
Adjectives ending in “-ed” describe how something is affected.
The spider causes fright.
The man experiences fright.
FURTHER EXAMPLES ADJECTIVES WITH “-ING” AND “-ED”
CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORD IN EACH SENTENCE
66
READ THE ARTICLE AND MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE
HIGHLIGHTED ADJECTIVES
FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS IN THE PANEL
A newspaper reporter talks

to various people about a
local library closing down.
67
KEY LANGUAGE MODIFYING WORDS
“Quite,” “really,” and “absolutely” can be used to modify how much you like
or don’t like something. These modifying words must go before the verb.
In UK English “quite”
doesn’t have as strong
an emphasis as “really.”
In US English the
You can use “quite” before “enjoy” and “like.”
emphasis is stronger.
“Really” is used when

you mean “a lot more.”
You can use “really” before “like,” “love,”
“enjoy,” “don’t like,” and “hate.”
“Absolutely” is used
in extreme forms.
You can use “absolutely” before “love” and “hate.”
FURTHER EXAMPLES MODIFYING WORDS
COMMON MISTAKES CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT

Some combinations of modifying words WORD IN EACH SENTENCE
and verbs are wrong.
Don’t use “quite” before “love,”

“don’t like,” or “hate.”
Don’t use “absolutely” before

“like,” “enjoy,” or “don’t like.”
68
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MATCH THE IMAGES TO THE PHRASES
CHECKLIST
Adjectives with “-ing” and “-ed” Feelings and emotions Talking about likes and dislikes

COLLOCATIONS
PRESENT SIMPLE AND

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
SEPARABLE PHRASAL VERBS
COMPARATIVES WITH MODIFIERS
SUPERLATIVES WITH MODIFIERS
ADJECTIVES WITH “-ING”

AND “-ED”
MODIFYING WORDS
69
Vocabulary
HENRY’S FAMILY
SARAH’S FAMILY MIA’S FAMILY
70
GROWING UP
TIM’S FAMILY VIC’S FAMILY
RELATIONSHIPS
71
Early years
In English, the word “did” can be used for emphasis New language “Did” for emphasis
to assure someone that a past action really happened. Vocabulary Baby equipment and parenting
It’s useful for describing past events and memories. New skill Describing your childhood
KEY LANGUAGE PAST SIMPLE WITH EMPHASIS

“Did” is followed
To emphasize a Past simple. The word “did” by the base form
verb in the past gives emphasis. of the main verb.
simple, replace
it with “did” plus
the base form
of the verb.
FURTHER EXAMPLES PAST SIMPLE WITH EMPHASIS
REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING THE PAST SIMPLE WITH EMPHASIS
72
KEY LANGUAGE SPOKEN EMPHASIS
The important words in a sentence may be said more loudly
or in a different pitch to make them more emphatic.
UNDERLINE THE WORD IN EACH SENTENCE THAT SHOULD BE STRESSED,

THEN SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD
MARK THE SENTENCES THAT ARE CORRECT
73
VOCABULARY EARLY YEARS
READ THE EMAIL AND

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
74
VOCABULARY PAST SIMPLE IRREGULAR VERBS
Most English verbs take “-ed” in the past simple, but
some irregular verbs have very different past forms.
FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE

PAST SIMPLE
Jo is telling Georgia about

her first day at school.
CHECKLIST
“Did” for emphasis Baby equipment and parenting Describing your childhood
75
Vocabulary
EDUCATION
76
77
Changing meaning
Prefixes are small groups of letters that can be added to the New language Prefixes and suffixes
beginnings of words to change their meaning. Suffixes are Vocabulary Studying
similar, but are added to the ends of words. New skill Changing the meaning of words
KEY LANGUAGE PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

Each prefix or suffix has its own meaning, which modifies
whatever word it is added to.
FURTHER EXAMPLES PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
78
FILL IN THE GAPS BY ADDING PREFIXES
OR SUFFIXES TO THE HIGHLIGHTED WORDS
Wei Pan talks about her

experience teaching students
from two different schools.
CHECKLIST
Prefixes and suffixes Studying Changing the meaning of words
79
Vocabulary
TRANSPORTATION
TRAVEL
80
81
Places I have been
In English, the present perfect tense is used to talk New language Present perfect tense
about recent or repeated past events. The past simple Vocabulary Travel experiences
is used to say exactly when those events happened. New skill Talking about the recent past
KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT PERFECT

The present perfect SUBJECT + “HAVE / HAS” + PAST PARTICIPLE
can be used to talk
about the past in three
different ways.
To give new information
or “news.”
To talk about a
repeated action that
continues to happen.
To talk about an event that

started in the past and is
still happening now.
FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE PRESENT PERFECT
82
KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE
The present perfect SUBJECT + “HAVE / HAS” + PAST PARTICIPLE

is used for talking
about a recent event
or ongoing action.
The past simple gives SUBJECT + PAST SIMPLE TIME MARKER

specific details about
when a completed
event happened.
MARK THE SENTENCES LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND

THAT ARE CORRECT ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
Jodie and Trina are talking about
Trina’s travel adventures and what
she has learned along the way.
83
IN FULL SENTENCES
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE
VERBS IN BRACKETS IN THE PRESENT PERFECT
84
KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE IN US ENGLISH
US English often uses the past simple when
UK English would use the present perfect.
CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT REWRITE THE SENTENCES

WORD IN EACH SENTENCE IN THE PAST SIMPLE
CHECKLIST
Present perfect Travel experiences Talking about the recent past
85
Things I have done
You can use the present perfect to talk about personal New language Modifying adverbs
achievements. Modifying adverbs can help you to be Vocabulary Adventure sports
precise about when the achievements happened. New skill Talking about your achievements
KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT PERFECT WITH MODIFYING ADVERBS

Modifying adverbs give more information
about when or if an action happened.
“Already” is usually placed before the main verb.

The adverb “already”
means that something
has happened or been
completed, possibly
earlier than expected.
“Just” is placed before the main verb.
The adverb “just” means

“a short time ago.”
The adverb “yet” is used “Yet” is usually placed at the end of the sentence.
to talk about something
that is expected to happen.
It is used only in questions
and negative sentences.
“Still” is usually placed after the subject.
The adverb “still”

means an action or
situation is ongoing.
86
REWRITE THE SENTENCES, PUTTING THE MODIFYING ADVERB IN THE
CORRECT PLACE
READ THE POSTCARD AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
87
VOCABULARY ADVENTURE SPORTS
READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS IN FULL SENTENCES
88
Maria and Kevin are talking about

the things they’ve done since they
got married, three years ago.
CHECKLIST
Modifying adverbs Adventure sports Talking about your achievements

PAST SIMPLE WITH EMPHASIS
PAST SIMPLE IRREGULAR VERBS
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
PRESENT PERFECT: TO GIVE

NEW INFORMATION
PRESENT PERFECT: TO TALK ABOUT

A REPEATED ACTION
PRESENT PERFECT: TO TALK ABOUT AN

EVENT THAT IS STILL HAPPENING NOW
PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT PERFECT WITH

MODIFYING ADVERBS
89
Activities in progress
Use the present perfect continuous to talk about New language Present perfect continuous
ongoing activities in the past. Use “for” and “since” to Vocabulary Home improvements
talk about the length or starting point of an activity. New skill Talking about activities in the past
KEY LANGUAGE THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

The present perfect continuous describes an activity that took place over a period
of time in the recent past. The activity might just have stopped or might still be happening.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS The past activity

often affects the
present moment.
FURTHER EXAMPLES THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

“I have” can be shortened to “I’ve.” “He has” can be shortened to “He’s.”
HOW TO FORM THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

SUBJECT “HAS / HAVE” “BEEN” VERB + “-ING” OBJECT
Use “have” or “has,” “Been” stays the Add “-ing” to

depending on the subject. same for all subjects. the main verb.
90
FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
READ THE ARTICLE AND MATCH THE PICTURES TO THE PHRASES
91
KEY LANGUAGE “FOR” AND “SINCE”
English uses “for” with the present perfect continuous to show
the length of time that an action has taken. “Since” is used to
show the starting point of the action. “FOR” + QUANTITY OF TIME
This means the speaker started painting three hours ago.
“SINCE” + TIME OR DATE
This means the speaker started painting at 3pm.
FURTHER EXAMPLES “FOR” AND “SINCE”
USE THE CHART TO CREATE 16 CORRECT SENTENCES AND SAY

THEM OUT LOUD
92
FILL IN THE GAPS WITH “FOR” OR “SINCE”
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND WRITE HOW LONG THE ACTIVITY IN EACH
PICTURE HAS BEEN GOING ON FOR
CHECKLIST
Present perfect continuous Home improvements Talking about activities in the past
93
My talents and skills
When you see evidence that something has happened, New language Present perfect continuous questions
you can use the present perfect continuous to ask Vocabulary Hobbies and interests
questions about it. New skill Asking about past events
KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS QUESTIONS

English uses present perfect continuous questions to ask about ongoing actions in
the recent past, especially when there is evidence that an action has taken place.
The subject goes between “have” and “been.”
FURTHER EXAMPLES PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS QUESTIONS
HOW TO FORM PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS QUESTIONS

In present perfect continuous questions, the subject comes between “has” or “have” and “been.”
“HAS / HAVE” SUBJECT “BEEN” VERB+ “-ING” OBJECT
Start the question with The subject is Add “-ing”

“has” or “have.” followed by “been.” to the verb.
94
REWRITE THE STATEMENTS LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND
AS QUESTIONS ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
Cath is going to Vikram’s house for
dinner. The two friends haven’t seen
each other for a long time.
MATCH THE STATEMENTS TO THE QUESTIONS
95
KEY LANGUAGE “HOW LONG?”
You can add “how long” “How long” is added to the beginning of the question.
to the beginning of present
perfect continuous questions
to ask about the duration of
actions in the past. Answers
to these questions use the
present perfect continuous
with “for” or “since.”
FURTHER EXAMPLES “HOW LONG?”
96
SAY THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS QUESTIONS OUT LOUD,

FILLING IN THE GAPS
CHECKLIST
Present perfect continuous questions Hobbies and interests Asking about past events
97
Activities and their results
English uses the present perfect continuous to talk about New language Forms of the present perfect
recent activities that are probably still ongoing. Use the Vocabulary State and action verbs
present perfect simple to talk about finished activities. New skill Talking about results of activities
KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

AND PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Use the present perfect continuous to emphasize the continuous nature
of an activity in the past. It is possible that the activity is still going on.
Use the present perfect simple to emphasize the completion of an

activity in the past. It is likely that the activity is finished.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
FURTHER EXAMPLES PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

AND PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
98
MARK THE SENTENCES THAT ARE CORRECT
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK WHETHER THE ACTIVITY IN EACH

PICTURE IS IN PROGRESS OR FINISHED
In progress In progress
Finished Finished
In progress
Finished In progress
In progress
Finished
Finished
99
COMMON MISTAKES STATE VERBS AND ACTION VERBS
State verbs describe feelings or a state of mind.
Action verbs describe an action. You cannot
normally use state verbs in the continuous form.
“Love” is a state verb, so it is correct

to use it in the present perfect simple.
It is incorrect to use “love” in

the present perfect continuous.
READ THE ARTICLE AND WRITE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS AS

FULL SENTENCES
100
DESCRIBE THE PICTURES OUT LOUD USING THE PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS OR PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
REWRITE THE LETTER, CORRECTING THE ERRORS
CHECKLIST
Forms of the present perfect State and action verbs Talking about results of activities
101
Everyday problems
Prefixes that mean “not” are called negative prefixes. New language Negative prefixes
Many words that have negative prefixes are useful for Vocabulary Urban problems
talking about everyday workplace and urban problems. New skill Talking about everyday problems
KEY LANGUAGE NEGATIVE PREFIXES

Negative prefixes change a word’s meaning to its opposite.
The opposite of “organized.” The opposite of “tidy.”
FURTHER EXAMPLES NEGATIVE PREFIXES
102
READ THE ARTICLE AND FIND 11 MORE WORDS THAT BEGIN WITH
NEGATIVE PREFIXES
SAY THE OPPOSITE OF THE STATEMENTS OUT LOUD, USING

NEGATIVE PREFIXES
103
VOCABULARY URBAN PROBLEMS
Julia tells her colleague Marisha about a difficult trip to work.
104
CHECKLIST
Negative prefixes Urban problems Talking about everyday problems

“FOR” AND “SINCE”

QUESTIONS

FOR ONGOING ACTIVITIES
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

FOR FINISHED ACTIVITIES
STATE VERBS
NEGATIVE PREFIXES
105
General and specific things
Articles sit before the noun in English, and give more New language Definite and zero articles
information about which item is being described. Vocabulary Possessions
Use “the” to talk about specific items. New skill Talking about the things you own
KEY LANGUAGE DEFINITE AND ZERO ARTICLES

English uses no article
(zero article) to talk
about things in general. GENERAL
Use “the” (definite
article) to talk about
specific things.
SPECIFIC
FURTHER EXAMPLES DEFINITE AND ZERO ARTICLES
106

AS FULL SENTENCES
107
KEY LANGUAGE “HAVE” AND “HAVE GOT”
You can use “have” or “have got” to talk about the things
you own. “Have” is appropriate in all situations, but
“have got” is only used in spoken UK English.
“Have” becomes “has” “Got” doesn’t change

in the third person singular. when the subject changes.
Always use “have” “Have not” can be

in the negative. shortened to “haven’t.”
The subject sits between The subject sits between

“do” and “have” in questions. “have” and “got” in questions.
USE THE CHART TO CREATE 6 CORRECT QUESTIONS AND SAY

THEM OUT LOUD

THEY ARE DESCRIBED
108
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO FROM 30.7 AGAIN AND MARK THE THINGS
THAT YOU HEAR
CHECKLIST
Definite and zero articles Possessions Talking about the things you own
109
Vocabulary
FOOD AND DRINK
110
111
Myself, yourself
English uses reflexive pronouns when the subject of the New language Reflexive pronouns
verb is the same as the object. They show that the action Vocabulary Measurements and flavors
affects the person who is carrying it out. New skill Talking about food and recipes
KEY LANGUAGE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Reflexive pronouns in English include the
word “self ” (or “selves” in the plural).
The subject pronoun refers to Use a reflexive pronoun when

the person doing the action. the same person is affected by the action.
FURTHER EXAMPLES REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
KEY LANGUAGE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

SUBJECT PRONOUNS
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
112
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND WRITE THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

YOU HEAR UNDER EACH IMAGE
113
VOCABULARY READ THE LIST OF INGREDIENTS
MEASUREMENTS OUT LOUD
The most common measurements
of weight and volume are written
and abbreviated as follows.
Two pounds of dark chocolate
METRIC MEASUREMENTS
KE
ARK CH OCOL AT E CA
ULT IM AT E D
olate
2 lb dark choc
IMPERIAL MEASUREMENTS
2oz butter
sp ¡n st an t co ffee granules
1 tb
powder
¼ tsp bak¡ng
m¡lk
3 fl. oz butter
1pt cream
2 c flour
¼ lb sugar
3 eggs
VOCABULARY ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE FOOD AND DRINK
114
READ THE TEXT MESSAGES

AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
CHECKLIST
Reflexive pronouns Measurements and flavors Talking about food and recipes
115
What things are for
English uses gerunds and infinitives to talk about why New language Gerunds and infinitives
people use things. This is useful for describing the Vocabulary Household gadgets
purpose of everyday objects and household gadgets. New skill Talking about why you use things
KEY LANGUAGE GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

When you talk about why you generally use things, you can use “for”
with a gerund, or the infinitive (“to” plus verb). The meaning is the same.
“For” with a gerund
The present simple

expresses a routine action.
Infinitive
FURTHER EXAMPLES GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
116
KEY LANGUAGE INFINITIVES FOR SPECIFIC ACTIONS
When you talk about why someone does a specific action rather than
what you do with something in general, you must use the infinitive.
It is incorrect to use “for” and a gerund in this case.
Sentence refers to a specific Sentence refers to one particular

action, not a routine action. email, not emails in general.
MATCH THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SENTENCES TO THE CORRECT ENDINGS
On a radio show, three inventors

present their new gadgets.
117
Things you do with gadgets are often explained The particle can come
in English using separable phrasal verbs. straight after the verb.
The particle can come after the object.
USE THE WORDS IN THE PANEL TO DESCRIBE THE

GADGETS, SPEAKING OUT LOUD
118
READ THE GUIDE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
CHECKLIST
Gerunds and infinitives Household gadgets Talking about why you use things
119
Vocabulary
SPORTS
120
EQUIPMENT
VENUES
121
Opinions and plans
When you give opinions on activities such as sports, you New language Simple verb patterns
often use verbs with gerunds. When you talk about plans Vocabulary Sports and leisure
to do an activity, you use verbs with infinitives. New skill Talking about opinions and plans
KEY LANGUAGE VERBS WITH GERUNDS

English uses gerunds after certain
verbs that say how a person
feels about an activity.
The verb describes feelings about an activity. The word for the activity is in gerund form.
FURTHER EXAMPLES VERBS WITH GERUNDS
FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN GERUND FORM
122
MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE WORDS
123
KEY LANGUAGE VERBS WITH INFINITIVES
English uses the infinitive with “to” after certain verbs
that describe someone’s plans or wishes to do an activity.
Main verb describes a plan Infinitive with “to”

or wish to do an activity. describes the activity.
FURTHER EXAMPLES VERBS WITH INFINITIVES

The infinitive doesn’t change no matter what tense the main verb is in.

THEM OUT LOUD
124
Cyclist Kofi Osei talks about last year’s Olympics.
CHECKLIST
Simple verb patterns Sports and leisure Talking about opinions and plans

DEFINITE AND ZERO ARTICLES
“HAVE” AND “HAVE GOT”
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
“FOR” WITH A GERUND
INFINITIVES FOR PURPOSE
PHRASAL VERBS FOR USING GADGETS
VERBS WITH GERUNDS FOR OPINIONS
VERBS WITH INFINITIVES FOR PLANS
125
Future arrangements
In English, the present continuous can be used when New language Present continuous for plans
talking about future arrangements that have already Vocabulary Collocations with “take”
been planned for a specific time. New skill Talking about future arrangements
KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR FUTURE PLANS

You can use present continuous verbs paired with future time clauses
to talk about future events that are already planned.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS FUTURE TIME CLAUSE
FURTHER EXAMPLES PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR FUTURE PLANS
FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
126
Maria is on the phone to

Catherine, arranging a time to
meet up for coffee or lunch.
127
KEY LANGUAGE COLLOCATIONS WITH “TAKE”
The verb “take” often appears in English collocations.
MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE COLLOCATIONS
128
THEY ARE DESCRIBED
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS
CHECKLIST
Present continuous for plans Collocations with “take” Talking about future arrangements
129
Planning the future
You can use “going to” when talking about something New language “Going to”
you’ve decided to do in the future, such as getting fit. Vocabulary Healthy living
This is useful for discussing intentions and predictions. New skill Talking about plans to keep fit
KEY LANGUAGE DECISION BEFORE SPEAKING

Use “going to”
when you have
already decided
to do something
before speaking. Put “to be” + “going to” Base form of the verb.
before the main verb.
FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE FUTURE WITH “GOING TO”
READ THE LIST AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
130
KEY LANGUAGE PREDICTION BASED ON EVIDENCE
You can also use “going to” when making a prediction
about the future based on something you know is true
when you are speaking.
This is the future outcome. You know this is true.
PREDICTION EVIDENCE
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND NUMBER THE PICTURES IN THE ORDER THEY
ARE DESCRIBED
Paul and Anya are discussing Anya’s
plans to lose weight and get fit.
131
KEY LANGUAGE ADVERB MODIFIERS WITH “GOING TO”
English uses modifiers to show how definite the future action will be.
Something is likely.
There is no doubt about something happening.
A more emphatic form of “definitely.”
KEY LANGUAGE VERB MODIFIERS WITH “GOING TO”

You can also change the verb to make the
prediction more or less certain.
132
USE THE CHART TO CREATE EIGHT CORRECT SENTENCES AND

SAY THEM OUT LOUD
CHECKLIST
“Going to” Healthy living Talking about plans to keep fit
133
Vocabulary
WEATHER AND CLIMATE
134
WEATHER ADJECTIVES
135
Predictions and promises
You can talk about future events in English using the New language Future tense with “will”
verb “will.” This construction has several meanings, Vocabulary Weather
which are all different from the future using “going to.” New skill Making predictions and promises
KEY LANGUAGE THE FUTURE USING “WILL”

English uses “will” when talking about the future in four main ways: TIP
Remember to use the
future with “going to” for
To make a predictions based on current
prediction about evidence, and for decisions
made before the time
what you think
of speaking.
will happen.
This prediction is not
based on evidence.
To offer to
do something
for someone.
To make a
promise.
This decision was not
planned in advance.
To describe a
decision you’ve
just made.
FILL IN THE GAPS WITH EITHER “WILL” OR “TO BE” WITH “GOING TO”
136
MARK WHETHER EACH SENTENCE IS A PREDICTION, OFFER, PROMISE,
OR DECISION
Prediction Offer Promise Decision
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND WRITE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS

IN FULL SENTENCES
Carla is talking to her sister Stacey on the
phone about her plans for the evening.
137
KEY LANGUAGE ADVERBS WITH “WILL”
Add an adverb after ‘‘will’’ to show how likely
you think the future action is to occur.
KEY LANGUAGE VERBS THAT MODIFY THE FUTURE WITH “WILL”

Like the future with “going to,” the future with “will” is often used
to say what someone thinks or knows about the future.
Shows the “will” phrase is unlikely.
Shows the “will” phrase is certain.
138
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MATCH THE MODIFYING ADVERBS TO THE

ACTIVITIES YOU HEAR
CHECKLIST
Future tense with “will” Weather Making predictions and promises
139
Possibility
The modal verb “might” is used to talk about things New language “Might” to show possibility
that are possible but not certain. It is often used Vocabulary Weather and landscape
when talking about the weather. New skill Discussing possibilities
KEY LANGUAGE “MIGHT” FOR POSSIBILITY

You can add “might” to different phrases to refer
to past, present, or future possibilities.
PAST POSSIBILITY “MIGHT” + “HAVE” + PAST PARTICIPLE
PRESENT POSSIBILITY
“MIGHT” + “BE”
FUTURE POSSIBILITY
“MIGHT” + BASE VERB
FURTHER EXAMPLES “MIGHT” FOR POSSIBILITY

TIP
Questions with “might”
are only used in very
formal English.
“Not” always comes after

“might” to form the negative.
140
REWRITE THE HIGHLIGHTED PHRASES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS
141
KEY LANGUAGE CONTRACTIONS OF “MIGHT”
In spoken English, “have” is often contracted in phrases with “might.”
FILL IN THE GAPS BY CONTRACTING “HAVE”
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, CONTRACTING “HAVE”
142
Phoebe and Javid have become lost

while hiking. They are deciding which
way to go next.
CHECKLIST
“Might” to show possibility Weather and landscape Discussing possibilities

PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR

FUTURE PLANS
COLLOCATIONS WITH “TAKE”
USING “GOING TO” WHEN YOU HAVE

MADE A DECISION BEFORE SPEAKING
USING “GOING TO” TO MAKE A

PREDICTION BASED ON EVIDENCE
USING “WILL” TO MAKE A PREDICTION

AND TO OFFER TO DO SOMETHING
USING “WILL” WHEN PROMISING AND

DECIDING AT THE TIME OF SPEAKING
“MIGHT” TO SHOW PAST POSSIBILITY
“MIGHT” TO SHOW PRESENT

POSSIBILITY
“MIGHT” TO SHOW FUTURE

POSSIBILITY
143
Vocabulary
SICKNESS AND HEALTH
144
145
Obligations
In English, you can use “have to” or “must” when talking New language “Must” and “have to”
about obligations or things that are necessary. You may Vocabulary Health and sickness
hear it in important instructions such as medical advice. New skill Expressing obligation
KEY LANGUAGE OBLIGATIONS

“Must” and “have to”
both express a strong
need or obligation
to do something.
“Must not” is a strong

negative obligation.
It means something
is not allowed.
“Don’t have to” means

something is not
necessary, or there
is no obligation.
FURTHER EXAMPLES OBLIGATIONS
HOW TO FORM OBLIGATIONS

“Must” does not change SUBJECT “MUST / HAVE TO” MAIN VERB OBJECT
with the subject, but
“have to” becomes “has
to” in the third person
singular. Both forms are
followed by the base
form of the main verb.
146
MATCH THE PHRASES THAT MEAN THE SAME THING
READ NADIA’S NOTE AND WRITE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS

AS FULL SENTENCES
CHECKLIST
“Must” and “have to” Health and sickness Expressing obligation
147
Making deductions
In English, you can add an extra verb (called a “modal New language “Might” and “could”
verb”) to show if a statement is likely or unlikely. You Vocabulary Health and sickness
may hear modal verbs when people talk about sickness. New skill Talking about possibility
KEY LANGUAGE “MIGHT” AND “COULD”

The modal verbs “might” and “could” are useful
for saying that you’re not sure about something.
Use “might” and

“could” when
something is The modal verb is usually followed
not certain. The modal verb doesn’t by the base form of the main verb.
change with the subject.
Use “might not”

to describe a
negative that is
not certain. “Not” sits after
the modal verb.
Use “could not” and

“couldn’t” to say that
something was not
possible in the past.
Use “cannot” and

“can’t” when you’re
certain something
is impossible.
FURTHER EXAMPLES “MIGHT” AND “COULD”
148
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND RESPOND TO THE AUDIO,

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS SPEAKING OUT LOUD
Jess and Boris are wondering why
their manager, Selina, is not at
work today.
149
150
CHECKLIST
“Might” and “could” Health and sickness Talking about possibility
151
Polite requests
Use “can,” “could,” and “may” to ask permission to do New language “Can,” “could,” and “may”
something, or to ask someone to do something for you. Vocabulary Good manners
Some constructions are more formal than others. New skill Asking permission
KEY LANGUAGE “CAN,” “COULD,” AND “MAY”

Informal answers
Use “can I” plus the use “can” as well.
verb to make a request.
“Can” is mostly used
in informal situations.
Make negative answers

more polite by adding
“Could” replaces “can” for “I’m sorry” or “I’m afraid.”
more formal situations,
such as in business or
to talk to strangers.
Include “please” in
polite requests.
“May” can also be used

in formal situations.
FURTHER EXAMPLES “CAN,” “COULD,” AND “MAY”

TIP
“Could” and “may”
are rarely used
in short answers to
polite questions.
152
MARK THE BEST REPLY RESPOND OUT LOUD TO
TO EACH REQUEST THE AUDIO USING THE WORDS
IN THE PANEL
All of these replies are correct, but some are more
appropriate for formal or informal situations.
CHECKLIST
“Can,” “could,” and “may” Good manners Asking permission
153
More phrasal verbs
Some phrasal verbs contain three words rather New language Three-word phrasal verbs
than two. Like two-word phrasal verbs, they are Vocabulary Personal relationships
often used in informal spoken English. New skill Understanding informal English
KEY LANGUAGE THREE-WORD PHRASAL VERBS

Three-word phrasal verbs VERB + PARTICLE + PREPOSITION
consist of a verb, a particle,
and a preposition. The particle
and preposition often change
the usual meaning of the verb.
The verb changes The particle and preposition
with the subject. never change form.
MATCH THE SENTENCES LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND

WITH SIMILAR MEANINGS ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
Amir tells Ruth about a

difficult situation at work.
154
INTONATION THREE-WORD PHRASAL VERBS
When you say three-word
phrasal verbs out loud,
put the stress on the
middle word.
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS USING THE
WORDS IN THE PANEL
REWRITE THESE SENTENCES USING THREE-WORD PHRASAL VERBS
CHECKLIST
Three-word phrasal verbs Personal relationships Understanding informal English
155
Asking for agreement
Use question tags in spoken English to encourage New language Question tags
another person to agree with you, or to check that Vocabulary Travel and leisure plans
information is correct. New skill Checking information
KEY LANGUAGE QUESTION TAGS

When you use question tags, a negative question tag follows a positive statement,
and a positive question tag follows a negative statement. The verb that is
used in the question tag depends on the verb that is used in the statement.
A present simple PRESENT SIMPLE QUESTION TAG

statement is followed
by a question tag with
the present simple
form of “do.”
PAST SIMPLE QUESTION TAG

A past simple statement
is followed by a question
tag with the past simple
form of “do.”
AUXILIARY MAIN
VERB VERB QUESTION TAG
A statement with
an auxiliary verb
is followed by a
question tag with the
same auxiliary verb.
Auxiliary verb. Main verb Question tag
describes the action. uses the same
auxiliary verb.
VERB “BE” QUESTION TAG

A statement with the
verb “be” is followed
by a question tag that
also uses “be.”
156
REWRITE THE SENTENCES, ADD QUESTION TAGS
CORRECTING THE ERRORS TO THE SENTENCES
CHANGE THE QUESTIONS INTO SENTENCES WITH QUESTION TAGS,

THEN SAY THEM OUT LOUD
157
KEY LANGUAGE QUESTION TAGS WITH MODAL VERBS
Statements with
modal verbs such as MODAL VERB QUESTION TAG
“could,” “would,” and
“should” are followed
by question tags
that use the same
modal verb. Use the same modal verb in the
statement and the question tag.
FURTHER EXAMPLES QUESTION TAGS WITH MODAL VERBS
ADD QUESTION TAGS LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND

TO THE SENTENCES ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
Aman and Leta are packing
for their vacation.
158
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, ADDING QUESTION TAGS
CHECKLIST
Question tags Travel and leisure plans Checking information

“MUST” AND “HAVE TO”
“MUST NOT” AND

“DON’T HAVE TO”
“MIGHT” AND “COULD”
“MIGHT NOT” AND

“COULD NOT”
“CAN,” “COULD,” AND “MAY”
THREE-WORD PHRASAL VERBS
QUESTION TAGS
QUESTION TAGS WITH

MODAL VERBS
159
Vocabulary
SCIENCE
160
TOOLS
161
Things that are always true
English uses the zero conditional to talk about actions New language Zero conditional
that always have the same results. This is useful for Vocabulary Scientific facts
talking about scientific facts. New skill Talking about general truths
KEY LANGUAGE THE ZERO CONDITIONAL

The zero conditional uses
ACTION RESULT
“if ” or “when” with the
present simple, followed
by the present simple in
the main clause.
Both can be used without

changing the meaning.
FURTHER EXAMPLES THE ZERO CONDITIONAL
HOW TO FORM THE ZERO CONDITIONAL

“IF / WHEN” ACTION (PRESENT SIMPLE) COMMA RESULT (PRESENT SIMPLE)
Both can Present simple Comma separates Result is described

be used. describes the action. action from result. using present simple.
162
163
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, THEN NUMBER THE SENTENCES IN THE ORDER
YOU HEAR THEM
Ayida is giving
her class a
science lesson.
LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS
IN THE PANEL
164
ANOTHER WAY TO SAY THE ZERO CONDITIONAL
Sentences using the zero conditional can be
reversed, so the result comes before the action.
Use a comma if the action comes first.
The result can come at the “If ” or “when” can sit between the action
beginning of the sentence. and result, without a comma.
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT REWRITE THE SENTENCES,

LOUD, REVERSING THE ORDER PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE
OF THE PHRASES CORRECT ORDER
CHECKLIST
Zero conditional Scientific facts Talking about general truths
165
Describing a process
When the thing receiving the action is more important New language Present simple passive
than the person or thing doing the action, you can Vocabulary Science experiments
emphasize it using the present simple passive. New skill Describing a process
KEY LANGUAGE THE PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE

When it is unimportant, or not known, who or what
does an action, English uses the present simple passive.
The passive also has the effect of emphasizing the action.
It is not known or not important

who heats the water.
FURTHER EXAMPLES THE PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE
Use “not” to form negatives of the present simple passive.
HOW TO FORM THE PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE
SUBJECT “IS / ARE” PAST PARTICIPLE REST OF SENTENCE
The thing that Present simple The past participle describes

receives the action. of verb “to be.” what happens to the subject.
166
FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE
REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING THE PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE
167
SAY FULL SENTENCES OUT LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING
THE VERBS IN THE PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK WHETHER EACH ACTIVITY IS

DESCRIBED IN THE ACTIVE OR PASSIVE VOICE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
168
CHECKLIST
Present simple passive Science experiments Describing a process
169
Things that might happen
English uses conditional verbs to describe the future New language First conditional
results of a proposed action. This is useful for suggesting Vocabulary Tools and making things
plans and giving advice. New skill Giving advice and instructions
KEY LANGUAGE THE FIRST CONDITIONAL

The first conditional expresses a suggested
action that might lead to a future result.
SUGGESTED ACTION FUTURE RESULT
FURTHER EXAMPLES THE FIRST CONDITIONAL First conditional sentences

can start with the result.
There is no comma before “if.”
HOW TO FORM THE FIRST CONDITIONAL

The first conditional is usually introduced by “if ” followed by the
present simple. The future with “will” expresses the result.
“IF” PRESENT SIMPLE COMMA FUTURE WITH “WILL”
“If ” shows that the Present simple tense Comma separates Future with “will”
sentence is conditional. describes suggested action. action from result. describes the result.
170
FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE CORRECT TENSES
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO SAY THE SENTENCES OUT

AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS LOUD, REVERSING THE ORDER
OF THE PHRASES
Gilly is building a cupboard
and Colin is trying to help.
171
KEY LANGUAGE FIRST CONDITIONAL WITH “UNLESS”
You can use “unless” instead of “if ” in conditional sentences.
“Unless” means “if…not,” so the future result depends
on the suggested action not happening.
FURTHER EXAMPLES FIRST CONDITIONAL WITH “UNLESS”
REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING “UNLESS”
172
READ THE INSTRUCTION MANUAL AND WRITE ANSWERS TO THE
QUESTIONS AS FULL SENTENCES
CHECKLIST
First conditional Tools and making things Giving advice and instructions
173
Solving problems
You can use the first conditional with an imperative New language First conditional with imperative
to give people practical instructions or advice, such Vocabulary Health and wellbeing
as how to solve problems or improve their lifestyle. New skill Giving advice and instructions
KEY LANGUAGE FIRST CONDITIONAL WITH IMPERATIVE

In first conditional sentences, you can use an imperative instead of the future with “will.”
This makes the sentence an instruction or a suggestion instead of a prediction about the future.
PROBLEM SOLUTION
FURTHER EXAMPLES FIRST CONDITIONAL WITH IMPERATIVE
Leave the comma out of sentences

that start with the imperative.
HOW TO FORM FIRST CONDITIONAL WITH IMPERATIVE

Use “if ” followed by the present simple to describe a problem.
The imperative gives the solution to the problem.
“IF” PRESENT SIMPLE COMMA IMPERATIVE
“If ” shows that the Present simple tense Comma separates The imperative gives the
sentence is conditional. describes the problem. problem from solution. solution to the problem.
174
Tanya is talking to her father

about selling her house.
175
176
MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE WORDS AND PHRASES
USE THE FIRST CONDITIONAL WITH AN IMPERATIVE TO GIVE ADVICE FOR

EACH SITUATION, SPEAKING OUT LOUD
CHECKLIST
First conditional with imperative Health and wellbeing Giving advice and instructions
177
Planning activities
You can use subordinate time clauses to talk about New language Subordinate time clauses
sequences of events, where one thing must happen Vocabulary Building works
before another thing can happen. New skill Describing sequences of events
KEY LANGUAGE SUBORDINATE TIME CLAUSES

English uses “when” and
FIRST EVENT SECOND EVENT
“as soon as” to talk about
events or actions in the
future that happen before
another event or action
can take place. These
phrases are called These phrases
subordinate time clauses. indicate that the
first event has not
happened yet.
FURTHER EXAMPLES SUBORDINATE TIME CLAUSES You can also use

subordinate time clauses
to ask about future events.
HOW TO FORM SUBORDINATE TIME CLAUSES

“WHEN / AS SOON AS” PRESENT SIMPLE COMMA FUTURE WITH “WILL”
The present simple describes the first The future with “will”
event, even though it is a future event. describes the second event.
178
FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE PRESENT SIMPLE
OR FUTURE WITH “WILL”
179
ANOTHER WAY TO SAY SUBORDINATE TIME CLAUSES
UK English sometimes uses the present perfect instead
of the present simple in subordinate time clauses.
The present perfect still describes a future event.

THEY ARE DESCRIBED
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, REVERSING THE ORDER

OF THE PHRASES
180
CHECKLIST
Subordinate time clauses Building works Describing sequences of events

ZERO CONDITIONAL
PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE
FIRST CONDITIONAL WITH “IF”
FIRST CONDITIONAL WITH “UNLESS”
FIRST CONDITIONAL PLUS IMPERATIVE
SUBORDINATE TIME CLAUSES

WITH PRESENT SIMPLE
SUBORDINATE TIME CLAUSES

WITH PRESENT PERFECT
181
Unlikely situations
English uses the second conditional to describe the New language Second conditional
result of an unlikely or impossible event. Because Vocabulary Collocations with “make” and “do”
the event is unlikely, the result is also unlikely. New skill Talking about future dreams
KEY LANGUAGE THE SECOND CONDITIONAL

Like the first UNLIKELY ACTION UNLIKELY RESULT
conditional, the
second conditional
uses “if ” to describe
an action. The
result is described
using “would.”
FURTHER EXAMPLES THE SECOND CONDITIONAL

“He would” can be shortened to “he’d.”
The action can come after the result

in second conditional sentences.
HOW TO FORM THE SECOND CONDITIONAL
“IF” PAST SIMPLE COMMA “WOULD” + BASE FORM OF VERB
“If ” shows that the Past simple tense Comma separates Result is described
sentence is conditional. describes the action. action from result. using “would” + verb.
182
FILL IN THE GAPS TO FORM SECOND CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES USING THE VERBS IN BRACKETS
Gavin tells Sara about

his new business idea.
MATCH THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SENTENCES

TO THE CORRECT ENDINGS
183
KEY LANGUAGE COLLOCATIONS WITH “DO” AND “MAKE”
In collocations, “do” is generally used to talk about regular tasks or activities.
“Make” generally expresses a single action or the creation of something new.
Use “do” for ongoing activities.
Use “make” for single actions.
READ THE EMAIL AND MATCH THE COLLOCATIONS

184
CHECKLIST
Second conditional Collocations with “make” and “do” Talking about future dreams
185
Vocabulary
EMOTIONS
186
187
Giving advice
The phrase “If I were you” is often used to give advice New language “If I were you”
in English. By saying it, you imagine that you are in Vocabulary Phrases for giving advice
the same position as the person you are talking to. New skill Making suggestions
KEY LANGUAGE “IF I WERE YOU”

English uses “were,” not
English uses “if I were you” “was,” in this context.
to give advice in second
conditional sentences.
The advice is expressed
using “I would.”
The advice comes after “I would.”
FURTHER EXAMPLES “IF I WERE YOU”
The suggestion can come first

without changing the meaning.
REWRITE THE SENTENCES, REVERSING THE ORDER OF THE PHRASES
188
MARK THE SENTENCES USE “IF I WERE YOU” TO GIVE
THAT ARE CORRECT ADVICE, SPEAKING OUT LOUD
Connor asks his colleague Isobel

for some advice at work.
189
KEY LANGUAGE QUESTION PHRASES WITH GERUNDS
To make suggestions, you can use a variety of opening
question phrases. These are always followed by a gerund.
Question
phrase. Gerund.
REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING QUESTION PHRASES WITH GERUNDS
190
USE THE CHART TO CREATE 12 CORRECT SENTENCES
AND SAY THEM OUT LOUD
CHECKLIST
“If I were you” Phrases for giving advice Making suggestions
191
Real and unreal situations
English uses conditional sentences to talk about New language First and second conditional
possibilities. Use the first conditional or the second Vocabulary Collocations for business meetings
conditional depending on how likely the situation is. New skill Talking about possibilities
KEY LANGUAGE FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONAL

FIRST CONDITIONAL LIKELY SITUATION RESULT
(PRESENT SIMPLE) (“WILL” + BASE VERB)
Use the first

conditional to
describe the result
of a likely situation.
SECOND CONDITIONAL UNLIKELY SITUATION RESULT

(PAST SIMPLE) (“WOULD” + BASE VERB)
Use the second

conditional to
describe the result of
an unlikely situation.
MATCH THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SENTENCES

TO THE CORRECT ENDINGS
192
Carlos is at a job interview.

The interviewer asks him what he
would do in different situations.
193
KEY LANGUAGE COLLOCATIONS WITH “GIVE,” “HOLD,” AND “SET”
The verbs “give,” “hold,” and “set” are often used
in English collocations in a business context.
READ THE EMAIL AND MATCH THE COLLOCATIONS

194

CHECKLIST
First and second conditionals Collocations for business meetings Talking about possibilities
195
Being specific
A relative clause is a part of a sentence that provides New language Defining relative clauses
more information about the subject. A defining relative Vocabulary Personal characteristics
clause identifies the subject we are talking about. New skill Describing people and jobs
KEY LANGUAGE DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Defining relative clauses are used to describe exactly which
person or thing we are referring to. Without this information,
the meaning of the sentence changes.
Here the defining clause gives essential

information about a person.
MAIN CLAUSE DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE
Relative pronoun for people.
Here the defining clause gives essential

information about a thing.
MAIN CLAUSE DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE
Relative pronoun for things.
The defining clause can also go

in the middle of the main clause.
MAIN CLAUSE DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE CONTINUED
Relative pronoun for things.
196
HOW TO FORM DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Defining relative clauses begin with a relative pronoun.
TIP
“That” is sometimes
English uses different relative pronouns to talk about used as a relative pronoun
people and things. for a person. While
this is commonly used,
it is not correct.
MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE PRONOUN REST OF RELATIVE CLAUSE
Use “who” as the relative

pronoun for a person.
MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE PRONOUN REST OF RELATIVE CLAUSE
Use “that” as the relative

pronoun for a thing.
REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
197
READ THE JOB DESCRIPTIONS AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
READ THE JOB DESCRIPTIONS AGAIN AND MATCH THE DEFINITIONS

TO THE WORDS AND PHRASES
198
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, THEN NUMBER THE SENTENCES
IN THE ORDER YOU HEAR THEM
George is lonely. He’s having coffee with

his friend Tina, who has a solution.
USE A DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE TO COMBINE THE SENTENCES,

THEN SAY THEM OUT LOUD
CHECKLIST
Defining relative clauses Personal characteristics Describing people and jobs
199
Adding information
Like defining relative clauses, non-defining relative clauses New language Non-defining relative clauses
add extra information about something. However, the Vocabulary Personal characteristics
information is not essential, but gives extra detail. New skill Describing people, places, and things
KEY LANGUAGE NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

The non-defining clause in this sentence gives
secondary information about a person.
NON-DEFINING
MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE CONTINUED
Relative pronoun for people.
The non-defining clause in this sentence gives

secondary information about a place.
NON-DEFINING MAIN CLAUSE

MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE CONTINUED
Relative pronoun for places and things.
FURTHER EXAMPLES NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
200
HOW TO FORM NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Non-defining relative clauses come in the middle of a sentence,
after the subject and before the main verb.
RELATIVE REST OF MAIN REST OF

SUBJECT COMMA COMMA
PRONOUN RELATIVE CLAUSE VERB MAIN CLAUSE
“Who” is used when speaking Commas separate the

about a person. non-defining clause from
the main clause.
RELATIVE REST OF MAIN REST OF

SUBJECT COMMA COMMA
PRONOUN RELATIVE CLAUSE VERB MAIN CLAUSE
“Which” is used when speaking

about a thing.
FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

IN THE PANEL
201

THEY ARE DESCRIBED
202
USE THE CHART TO CREATE 16 CORRECT SENTENCES AND SAY THEM
OUT LOUD
CHECKLIST
Non-defining relative clauses Personal characteristics Describing people, places and things

THE SECOND CONDITIONAL
COLLOCATIONS WITH “DO”

AND “MAKE”
“IF I WERE YOU”
QUESTION PHRASES WITH GERUNDS
FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONALS
COLLOCATIONS WITH “GIVE”

AND “HOLD”
COLLOCATIONS WITH “SET”
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
203
What was happening when?
To report on past events, such as a crime or accident, New language Past continuous
you often need to explain what else was happening at Vocabulary Verb / noun collocations
the time. Use the past continuous to do this. New skill Talking about events at given times
KEY LANGUAGE THE PAST CONTINUOUS

English uses the past continuous to talk about actions that
were in progress at a certain time in the past.
Past simple
Past continuous
FURTHER EXAMPLES THE PAST CONTINUOUS
HOW TO FORM THE PAST CONTINUOUS

Use “was” or “were” followed by the verb with “-ing” to form the past continuous.
SUBJECT “WAS / WERE” VERB + “-ING” REST OF SENTENCE
Use “was” or “were”

Add “-ing” to the main verb.
depending on the subject.
204
FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE PAST CONTINUOUS

THEY ARE DESCRIBED
A police officer is interviewing the owner of a house where a burglary has taken place.
205
READ THE NOTES AND FILL IN THE GAPS IN THE SUMMARY USING
THE PAST CONTINUOUS
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING

THE VERBS IN THE PAST CONTINUOUS
206
READ THE LEAFLET AND WRITE THE HIGHLIGHTED COLLOCATIONS
CHECKLIST
Past continuous Verb / noun collocations Talking about events at given times
207
Vocabulary
THE NATURAL WORLD
208
ANIMALS
209
Setting the scene
To set the scene in a story, English uses the past New language Past continuous
continuous to describe the background situation, Vocabulary Adjectives to describe places
and descriptive adjectives to say what a place is like. New skill Setting the scene for a story
KEY LANGUAGE PAST CONTINUOUS FOR SCENE-SETTING

The past continuous is formed the
same way when setting a scene as for
describing past actions in progress.
READ THE STORY AND WRITE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS

AS FULL SENTENCES
210
MATCH THE DEFINITIONS LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND
TO THE WORDS ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
You will hear the beginning
of a short story.
READ THE DIARY AND FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS
IN THE PANEL
CHECKLIST
Past continuous Adjectives to describe places Setting the scene for a story
211
Interrupted actions
English often uses the past continuous and the New language Past continuous and past simple
past simple together to tell stories, especially Vocabulary Travel and leisure
when one event interrupts another. New skill Describing interrupted actions
KEY LANGUAGE PAST CONTINUOUS AND PAST SIMPLE

When English uses the past continuous and past simple together,
the past continuous describes a longer, background action, and
the past simple describes a shorter action that interrupts the
background action.
LONGER BACKGROUND ACTION SHORTER MAIN ACTION
FURTHER EXAMPLES PAST CONTINUOUS AND PAST SIMPLE
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK WHICH TENSE DESCRIBES

THE ACTIVITY IN EACH PICTURE
us us
Pa st continuo Pa st continuo
us Past continuous
Pa st continuo Pa st simple Pa st continuo Pa st simple
Past simple us
Pa st simple Pa st simple
212
213
READ THE EMAIL AND MATCH THE ADJECTIVES THAT HAVE
SIMILAR MEANINGS
214
CHECKLIST
Past continuous and past simple Travel and leisure Describing interrupted actions
215
Events in the past
English uses the past simple passive to talk about events New language Past simple passive
in the past when it is the effect of an action that is Vocabulary Environmental disasters
important, rather than the cause of the action. New skill Talking about important events
KEY LANGUAGE THE PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE

You can use the past simple passive to emphasize
the importance of actions and events in the
past and to draw attention to the things
or people that were affected by the events. PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE
Use the passive to emphasize the effect rather than the cause.
FURTHER EXAMPLES THE PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE
HOW TO FORM THE PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE

SUBJECT “WAS / WERE” PAST PARTICIPLE REST OF SENTENCE
The thing that Use “was” for singular subjects, The main verb is expressed
receives the action. or “were” for plural subjects. as a past participle.
216
FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, CHANGING THEM FROM THE PAST
SIMPLE ACTIVE TO THE PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE
217
VOCABULARY DISASTERS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

AS FULL SENTENCES
218
A news reporter interviews Rosie,

an eyewitness, and José, a vet,
about an oil spill.
CHECKLIST
Past simple passive Environmental disasters Talking about important events

PAST CONTINUOUS
COLLOCATIONS WITH “TAKE”
COLLOCATIONS WITH “MAKE”
COLLOCATIONS WITH “HAVE”
PAST CONTINUOUS FOR SCENE-SETTING
PAST CONTINUOUS AND PAST SIMPLE
PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE
219
Before and after
English uses the past perfect with the past simple New language Past perfect and past simple
to talk about two or more events that happened Vocabulary Visual arts
at different times in the past. New skill Describing sequences of past events
KEY LANGUAGE PAST PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE

The past simple describes the event that is closest to the time of speaking.
The past perfect describes an event further back in the past.
PAST PERFECT PAST SIMPLE
FURTHER EXAMPLES PAST PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE
220
HOW TO FORM THE PAST PERFECT
Use “had” followed by the past participle to form the past perfect.
SUBJECT “HAD” PAST PARTICIPLE REST OF SENTENCE
“Had” does not change The past participle describes

with the subject. the action in the past.
FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE PAST PERFECT

OR PAST SIMPLE
221
AS FULL SENTENCES
222
Tony and Erin are talking

about last night’s party.

BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE PAST PERFECT OR PAST SIMPLE
CHECKLIST
Past perfect and past simple Visual arts Describing sequences of past events
223
First times
When you talk about the first time something happened, New language “Never” / “ever” with past tenses
such as visiting a new place, you often use “never” or Vocabulary Travel adjectives
“ever” with the past perfect or present perfect. New skill Describing new experiences
KEY LANGUAGE PAST PERFECT WITH “NEVER” / “EVER”

Use the past perfect with “never” or “ever” to talk about
events in the past that happened for the first time.
PAST SIMPLE PAST PERFECT WITH “NEVER”
“Never” means this had not happened before.

It sits between “had” and the past participle.
PAST SIMPLE PAST PERFECT WITH “EVER”
“Ever” emphasizes that this is

the first time it had happened.
224
KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT PERFECT WITH “NEVER” / “EVER”
Use the present perfect with “never” or “ever” to talk
about events that are happening now for the first time.
PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT WITH “NEVER”
“Never” means that this has not happened before.

It sits between “has” and the past participle.
PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT WITH “EVER”
“Ever” emphasizes that this is

the first time it has happened.
FILL IN THE GAPS USING “HAVE” IN THE CORRECT TENSE
225
READ THE PASSAGE AND
WRITE THE HIGHLIGHTED WORDS
226
Xavi is telling his new friend,

Elsa, about sights in his home
town of Barcelona.
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD USING “EVER” OR “NEVER,”

FILLING IN THE GAPS
CHECKLIST
“Never” / “ever” with past tenses Travel adjectives Describing new experiences
227
Vocabulary
COMMON ENGLISH IDIOMS
228
229
Telling a story
The past continuous, past simple, and past perfect are New language Narrative tenses
often used together to describe past events in detail. Vocabulary Idioms for storytelling
This is especially helpful for telling stories. New skill Using different past tenses
KEY LANGUAGE NARRATIVE TENSES

The past continuous is used to set the scene. The past simple
describes actions in the story. The past perfect is used to talk
about things that happened before the beginning of the story.
PAST CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT PAST SIMPLE
230
Jonah tells Ben how he

proposed to his girlfriend.
CHECKLIST
Narrative tenses Idioms for storytelling Using different past tenses
231
What happened when?
English uses a number of words and phrases to show the New language Time adverbs and phrases
order in which past events occurred. They are often called Vocabulary Storytelling devices
adverbials of time, and are useful when telling a story. New skill Putting events in order
KEY LANGUAGE TIME ADVERBS AND PHRASES

SAME TIME
“Just as” and “at the very moment”
go before the verb they modify.
These phrases
show two events
happened at the
same time. They
are often used
with descriptions
in the past
continuous.
AFTER Shows something

happened after.
These phrases
show one event
happened after,
or as a result of,
another. They are Shows something happened as a result.
often used with
descriptions in the
past simple.
BEFORE
Sits before the verb it modifies.
These phrases
show one event
happened before
another. They are Sits before the verb it modifies.
often used with
descriptions in
the past perfect.
Sits after the
verb it modifies.
232
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, ADDING IN THE TIME ADVERBS
233
AS FULL SENTENCES
234
Gareth tells his friend Maria about a

disagreement he had with his neighbors.
CHECKLIST
Time adverbs and phrases Storytelling devices Putting events in order

PAST PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE
PAST PERFECT WITH “NEVER” / “EVER”
PRESENT PERFECT WITH

“NEVER” / “EVER”
NARRATIVE TENSES:
PAST CONTINUOUS
NARRATIVE TENSES: PAST SIMPLE
NARRATIVE TENSES: PAST PERFECT
TIME ADVERBS AND PHRASES
235
What other people said
We call the words that people say direct speech. If you New language Reported speech
want to tell someone what another person has said, it is Vocabulary Work and education
called reported speech. New skill Talking about people’s lives
KEY LANGUAGE REPORTED SPEECH

In reported speech,
the main verb usually
“goes back” a tense.
For example, the
present simple
Direct speech uses the present simple.
changes to the
past simple.
Reported speech uses the past simple here.
FURTHER EXAMPLES REPORTED SPEECH

TIP
You can leave
out “that” after
“said” in reported
speech.
HOW TO FORM REPORTED SPEECH

The main verb in reported speech is usually “said.” The rest of the sentence is usually in the past tense.
SUBJECT “SAID” “THAT” SUBJECT PAST SIMPLE
The person Past simple Sometimes The subject of Present simple in direct
who said the of “say.” follows “said,” the sentence in speech becomes past simple
direct speech. but can be left out. direct speech. in reported speech.
236
REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING REPORTED SPEECH
Yesterday, Maya
met Alfonso at a
college reunion.
237
KEY LANGUAGE REPORTED SPEECH IN DIFFERENT TENSES
The tense in reported speech is usually one tense
back in time from the tense in direct speech.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
PAST CONTINUOUS
PRESENT PERFECT
PAST PERFECT
MODAL VERB “WOULD”
MODAL VERB “CAN”
MODAL VERB “COULD”
KEY LANGUAGE REPORTED SPEECH AND THE PAST SIMPLE

The past simple in direct speech can either stay as the past simple or change
to the past perfect in reported speech. The meaning is the same.
DIRECT SPEECH
WITH PAST SIMPLE
REPORTED SPEECH WITH

PAST SIMPLE OR PAST PERFECT
238
READ THE ARTICLE AND SAY THE SENTENCES OUT
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS IN LOUD AS REPORTED SPEECH
FULL SENTENCES
CHECKLIST
Reported speech Work and education Talking about people’s lives
239
Telling things to people
You can use both “say” and “tell” in reported speech. New language Reported speech with “tell”
The meaning is the same, but using “tell” allows you Vocabulary Collocations with “say” and “tell”
to specify who someone was talking to. New skill Talking about truth and lies
KEY LANGUAGE “SAY” AND “TELL” IN REPORTED SPEECH

In reported speech, you
can say who someone is
talking to when you use
“tell” as the main verb.
“Tell” must be followed
by an object. With “say,” you do not need an object
to show who someone is talking to.
In reported speech, you must put an object

after “tell” to show who someone is talking to.
FURTHER EXAMPLES “SAY” AND “TELL” IN REPORTED SPEECH
You can leave out “that” in reported speech with “said.” You can also leave out “that”
in reported speech with “told.”
COMMON MISTAKES “SAY” AND “TELL” IN REPORTED SPEECH
“Said” cannot have an object. “Told” must have an object.
240
FILL IN THE GAPS BY ADDING “SAID” OR “TOLD”

Grace has been on a date.

She tells her friend Robyn about it.
241
KEY LANGUAGE TIME AND PLACE REFERENCES
If you report speech some time after it was said, you might
need to use different words to talk about times and places.
The time reference is
“yesterday” in direct speech.
The time reference is

“the day before” in
reported speech.
MATCH THE SENTENCES IN DIRECT SPEECH WITH THEIR EQUIVALENTS

IN REPORTED SPEECH
REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING REPORTED SPEECH
242
READ THE ARTICLE AND MARK THE CORRECT SUMMARY
WRITE THE WORDS FROM THE PANEL IN THE CORRECT GROUPS
COLLOCATIONS WITH “SAY” COLLOCATIONS WITH “TELL”
CHECKLIST
Reported speech with “tell” Collocations with “say” and “tell” Talking about truth and lies
243
Suggestions and explanations
In reported speech, you can replace “said” with a wide New language Reporting verbs with “that”
variety of verbs that give people more information about Vocabulary More reporting verbs
how someone said something. New skill Reporting explanations
KEY LANGUAGE REPORTING VERBS WITH “THAT”

“Say” and “tell” do not
give any information
about the speaker’s
manner. You can
replace them with
other verbs that
suggest the speaker’s
mood or reason
for speaking. Shows reluctance on Reporting verbs with
the part of the speaker. “that” do not take an object.
FURTHER EXAMPLES REPORTING VERBS WITH “THAT”
HOW TO FORM SENTENCES USING REPORTING VERBS WITH “THAT”

SUBJECT REPORTING VERB (PAST TENSE) “THAT” PAST TENSE
Verb introduces reported speech Verb is followed Reported speech

and gives more information about it. by “that.” changes tense as usual.
244
MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE REPORTING VERBS
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, THEN MARK THE CORRECT ORDER OF THE

SUMMARY SENTENCES
Mr. Kelly talks to his personal trainer
about his general health and fitness.
245
READ THE REPORT AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD AS REPORTED SPEECH, FILLING IN

THE GAPS AND USING THE VERB IN BRACKETS
246
COMMON MISTAKES REPORTED SPEECH WITH “SUGGEST”
“Suggest” is different from other reporting verbs. It is still followed by “that,” but the part
of the sentence that reports the direct speech uses the infinitive without “to.”
“Suggest” is followed by the infinitive without “to.”
This is wrong.
CHECKLIST
Reporting verbs with “that” More reporting verbs Reporting explanations
247
Telling people what to do
Many reporting verbs have to take an object. English New language Verbs with object and infinitive
often uses these verbs to show that the speaker was Vocabulary Reporting verbs
giving someone orders or advice. New skill Reporting advice and instructions
KEY LANGUAGE REPORTING VERBS WITH OBJECT AND INFINITIVE

Some reporting verbs are
followed by an object
and the infinitive. English
often uses these verbs to
report orders, advice,
and instructions.
Reporting verb Object Infinitive
FURTHER EXAMPLES REPORTING VERBS WITH OBJECT AND INFINITIVE
HOW TO FORM REPORTING VERBS WITH OBJECT AND INFINITIVE

SUBJECT REPORTING VERB (PAST TENSE) OBJECT INFINITIVE REST OF SENTENCE
Object shows who The infinitive usually expresses an

was being spoken to. order, instruction, or piece of advice.
248
READ THE ARTICLE AND PUT THE SUMMARY SENTENCES

IN THE CORRECT ORDER
249
KEY LANGUAGE REPORTING VERBS WITH NEGATIVES
To make a negative sentence with a reporting verb, object,
and infinitive, place “not” between the object and infinitive.
“Not” makes the reported speech negative.
FURTHER EXAMPLES REPORTING VERBS WITH NEGATIVES
Zac has been offered a job in New York.

He asks his friend Leah for advice.
250
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD AS REPORTED SPEECH, FILLING
IN THE GAPS AND USING THE VERB IN BRACKETS
CHECKLIST
Verbs with object and infinitive Reporting verbs Reporting advice and instructions

REPORTED SPEECH WITH “SAY”
REPORTED SPEECH IN
DIFFERENT TENSES
REPORTED SPEECH WITH “TELL”
REPORTING VERBS WITH “THAT”
REPORTING VERBS WITH OBJECT

AND INFINITIVE
251
What other people asked
You can use reported questions to tell someone what New language Reported questions
someone else has asked. Direct questions and reported Vocabulary Collocations with “raise”
questions have different word orders. New skill Reporting direct questions
KEY LANGUAGE REPORTED QUESTIONS

In reported questions,
the tense moves one
tense back from the
tense in direct questions,
and the subject and the
verb swap places.
The subject comes before the The tense in reported questions moves one
verb in reported questions. tense back from the tense in direct questions.
FURTHER EXAMPLES REPORTED QUESTIONS
You can include an object to say who

was asked the original question.
The object of the reporting

verb can be omitted.
HOW TO FORM REPORTED QUESTIONS

SUBJECT REPORTING VERB OBJEC T QUESTION WORD SUBJECT VERB
The main verb in You can The subject comes The tense moves
reported questions leave out before the verb in one tense back from
is usually “ask.” the object. reported questions. direct speech.
252
SAY THE DIRECT QUESTIONS OUT LOUD AS REPORTED QUESTIONS
253
KEY LANGUAGE REPORTING QUESTIONS WITH “DO”
When a direct question
uses the verb “do,”
leave this out of
reported questions.
Reported questions leave Use the past form

out the auxiliary verb “do.” of the verb.
FURTHER EXAMPLES REPORTING QUESTIONS WITH “DO”
REWRITE THE SENTENCES, LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND

CORRECTING THE ERRORS ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
Sita tells her father

about her job interview.
254
READ THE ARTICLE AND MATCH THE COLLOCATIONS TO
THEIR DEFINITIONS
CHECKLIST
Reported questions Collocations with “raise” Reporting direct questions
255
Reporting simple questions
Simple questions can be answered with “yes” New language “If ” and “whether”
and “no.” English uses “if ” and “whether” to Vocabulary Verb + preposition collocations
report simple questions. New skill Reporting simple questions
KEY LANGUAGE “IF” AND “WHETHER”

Direct question can be
If the answer to a question answered with “yes” or “no.”
in direct speech is “yes”
or “no,” use “if ” or
“whether” to report
the question. “Whether”
is more formal than “if.”
Reported question uses “if ” or “whether.”
FURTHER EXAMPLES “IF” AND “WHETHER”
In reported questions with “if ” and “whether,”

you can leave out the object after “asked.”
Reported questions with “if ” and

“whether” leave out the auxiliary verb “do.”
HOW TO FORM REPORTED QUESTIONS WITH “IF” AND “WHETHER”

SUBJECT “ASKED” OBJEC T “IF / WHETHER” SUBJECT VERB REST OF SENTENCE
You can leave the object out. “If ” and “whether” mean the same thing, but “whether” is more formal.
256
REWRITE THE DIRECT QUESTIONS LISTEN TO THE
AS REPORTED QUESTIONS, FILLING IN AUDIO AND ANSWER
THE GAPS THE QUESTIONS
Uma calls Jack to tell him how

her business meeting went.

THEM OUT LOUD
257
KEY LANGUAGE REPORTING QUESTIONS WITH “OR”
You can also use
“if ” or “whether”
to report questions
that use “or” in
direct speech.
Verb moves back to past tense.
FURTHER EXAMPLES REPORTING QUESTIONS WITH “OR”
MATCH THE PICTURES TO THE CORRECT SENTENCES
258
AS FULL SENTENCES
CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE TO FORM

COLLOCATIONS OF VERBS WITH PREPOSITIONS
CHECKLIST
“If” and “whether” Verb + preposition collocations Reporting simple questions
259
Polite questions
Indirect questions are more polite than direct questions. New language Indirect questions
In spoken English, you might use them to ask people Vocabulary Practical issues
who you don’t know very well about practical issues. New skill Asking polite questions
KEY LANGUAGE INDIRECT QUESTIONS

Indirect questions often start with
a polite opening phrase. After the
question word, the word order in
indirect questions is the same as
in positive statements.
Indirect questions start The verb comes

with an opening phrase. after the subject.
FURTHER EXAMPLES INDIRECT QUESTIONS
Like reported questions, indirect

questions leave out the auxiliary verb “do.”
HOW TO FORM INDIRECT QUESTIONS

OPENING PHRASE QUESTION WORD SUBJECT VERB
Start with a polite The verb doesn’t change to the

opening phrase. past tense for indirect questions.
260
REWRITE THE INDIRECT QUESTIONS, PUTTING THE WORDS
IN THE CORRECT ORDER

THEY ARE DESCRIBED
261
KEY LANGUAGE INDIRECT SIMPLE QUESTIONS
Like reported simple questions, indirect
simple questions use “if ” and “whether.”
Polite opening phrase The subject comes before the verb.
FURTHER EXAMPLES INDIRECT SIMPLE QUESTIONS
MARK THE INDIRECT QUESTIONS THAT ARE CORRECT
262
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD AS INDIRECT QUESTIONS
CHECKLIST
Indirect questions Practical issues Asking polite questions
263
Wishes and regrets
English uses the verb “wish” to talk about present and New language “Wish” with past tenses
past regrets. The tense of the verb that follows “wish” Vocabulary Life events
affects the meaning of the sentence. New skill Talking about regrets
KEY LANGUAGE “WISH” AND PAST SIMPLE

Use “wish” with the past simple, or with the modal verbs “would”
and “could,” to express regrets and desires about the present.
Use the past simple to

talk about the present.
You can also use modal verbs to

express wishes about the present.
FURTHER EXAMPLES “WISH” AND PAST SIMPLE
HOW TO FORM “WISH” AND PAST SIMPLE

SUBJECT “WISH” SUBJECT PAST SIMPLE REST OF SENTENCE
Use “wish” or “wishes” The past simple expresses wishes

depending on the subject. or regrets about the present.
264
USE “I WISH” AND THE PAST SIMPLE TO TALK ABOUT THE SITUATIONS
BELOW, SPEAKING OUT LOUD
265
KEY LANGUAGE “WISH” AND PAST PERFECT
Use “wish” with the past perfect to express regrets
about the past. This construction is used when
it is too late for the wish to come true.
past perfect
FURTHER EXAMPLES “WISH” AND PAST PERFECT
HOW TO FORM “WISH” AND PAST PERFECT

SUBJECT “WISH” SUBJECT PAST PERFECT REST OF SENTENCE
Use “wish” or “wishes” The past perfect expresses

depending on the subject. regrets about the past.
LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK WHETHER THE PICTURES SHOW

REGRETS ABOUT THE PRESENT OR THE PAST
THE PRESENT THE PAST
266
READ THE LETTER AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES
CHECKLIST
“Wish” with past tenses Life events Talking about regrets

REPORTED QUESTIONS
COLLOCATIONS WITH “RAISE”
“IF” AND “WHETHER”
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
“WISH” AND PAST SIMPLE
“WISH” AND PAST PERFECT
267
Answers
Model Answers
Model Answers
268
Note: Question 3 can be answered in a
number of different ways in UK English.
See teaching box 6.6.
OPINION: attractive, handsome

SIZE: short, small
SHAPE: round, straight
AGE: young, middle-aged
COLOR: blue, blond
Note: All answers can also be

written in contracted form.
269
POSITIVE: lively, bustling, unspoiled
NEGATIVE: polluted, crowded, unsafe
270
Note: Answers can also be written
using the full form without contractions.
271
1 In progress 2 Finished
3 In progress 4 Finished
272
Note: All answers can also be written in
contracted form.
Two pounds of dark chocolate

Two ounces of butter
One tablespoon of instant coffee granules
A quarter of a teaspoon of baking powder
Three fluid ounces of buttermilk
One pint of cream
Two cups of flour
A quarter of a pound of sugar
Three eggs
273
Note: Answers can also use the long form.
274
1 Decision 2 Prediction
3 Promise 4 Offer
275
Note: All answers can also use a negative
statement and a positive question tag.
276
Note: Negative answers can also

be written in contracted form.
Note: All answers can also start with

the imperative.
277
Note: All answers can also be written
in contracted form.

in contracted form.
278
279
1 Past simple 2 Past simple
3 Past continuous 4 Past continuous
280

in contracted form.

in contracted form.
281
Note: All answers can also omit “that.”
Note: All answers can also include “that”

after “said,” or after the object pronoun
following “told.” Answers with the past
perfect can also use the long form.
Note: All answers can also omit “that” and

be written in contracted form.
COLLOCATIONS WITH “SAY”:

say anything, say yes, say something,
say nothing, say no, say so
COLLOCATIONS WITH “TELL”:
tell lies, tell a story, tell the difference,tell
someone, tell a “white lie”, tell the truth
Note: All answers can also omit “that.”
282
Note: You can replace “if ” with “whether”
in all answers.
Note: All answers can also include an

object pronoun, such as “me”, after “asked.”
283
Note: You can replace “Do you know” with
“Could you tell me,” and “if ” with “whether.”
You can also use contractions.
284
Index
before phrases (past simple) 68.1 direct speech 69 70.7 71.9 73.6 74.1 74.7
body parts 10 see also indirect questions
building works 52 “dis” prefix 29.1
business 7, 56.5 disasters 63.6
All entries are indexed by unit number. “by” 3.1 dislikes and likes 18
Main entries are highlighted in bold. “by far” 17.4 “do” 53.7
“do you know” 75
“does” 73.6
C
“don’t have to” and “doesn’t have to” 42.1
A
42.3
“can” 44.1 69.6 “double” 6.6
“a bit” and “a lot” 17.1 “cannot” and “can’t” 43.1 “doubts” 37.8 39.6
“absolutely” 18.7 cardinal numbers 4.1 dreams 53 see also wishes
accessories 12.2 careers ( jobs) 7 57 drink 31 32.9
action verbs 28.5 “certainly” 37.7 39.5
actions, within sentences 48 49.1 50.1 checking information 46
E
52.1 53.1 53.3 childhood 19.4 20
adjectives 32.9 61 65 chores 15.1 see also routines
comparatives 17.1 17.2 climate 38 “e” endings 13.2
short and long 17 clothes 12 13 30 early years 19.4 20 20.7
superlatives 17.4 17.5 collocations 15 59 74 “easily” 17.4
with “ing” and “ed” 18.1 with “do” and “make” 53.7 “ed” endings 18.1 20.9
word order 11.1 11.2 with “give” “hold” and “set” 56.5 education 21 69
“admitted” 71.1 with “raise” 73 email addresses 6.1 6.2
adults 19.4 with “say” and “tell” 70 emotions 18 54
adventure sports 25 with “take” 36.6 emphasis
adverbs comma use 48.3 48.8 50.3 51.3 53.3 58.3 on actions and effects 37.7 49.1 63.1
modifying 18.7 25.1 common sayings (idioms) 66 65.1
of frequency 8 comparatives with modifiers 17.1 17.2 “did” 20.1
of time 68 compass points 3.2 intonation 20.4 45.4
with “going to” 37.7 completed actions 24.3 stress 45.4
with “will” 39.5 see also past simple environmental issues 63
advice 42 50 51 55 72 “consequently” 68.1 “enjoy” 18.7
after phrases (past perfect) 68.1 contact details 6 equipment baby 20
“already” 25.1 continuous forms 28.5 equipment sports 34.2
“always” 8.1 see also past continuous; present “ever” 65.1
“and” use in numbers 4.1 continuous; present perfect continuous evidence predications with/without 37.4
animals 60.2 contractions 26.2 30.5 40.5 53.2 39.1
answering questions 27.7 44.1 44.2 74.1 conversational skills 1 experiences 24 65
apartments 14 “could” 43.1 44.1 44.2 46.5 69.6 76.1 explanations 71
“aren’t” 1.2 “could not” and “couldn’t” 43.1
“around” 3.2 “could you tell me” 75
F
article countries 2 3 6.1
definite 15.1 30.1
zero 30.1 fact adjectives 11.1
D
“as soon as” 52.1 52.3 68.1 facts scientific 48
asking questions 27 44.1 73 74 family 19
“at the very moment” 68.1 dates 5.3 fashion 13
auxiliary verbs 46.1 73.6 74.2 75.2 “day before” 70.7 feelings 18 35.1 54
decimals 4.2 first conditional 50 51 56.1 see also second
decisions before speaking 37.1 39.1 conditional; zero conditional
B deductions 43 first names 6.1

defining relative clauses 57 flags of countries 2
babies 19.4 20 20.7 see also non-defining relative clauses food 31 32
base form (verbs) 20.1 37.1 40.1 42.3 definite article 15.1 30.1 “for” 26.6 27.7 33.1
53.3 56.1 describing people 11 57 58 forecast 38.2
“because” 37.4 describing places 58 61 65 formal English 1.7 5.1 40.2 44.1 74.1 see
“been” 26.1 26.3 27.1 27.3 28.5 “definitely” 37.7 39.5 also informal English
“before” 64 65.1 “did” 20.1 fractions 4.1
285
free time 8 see also leisure; hobbies imperatives 51 months 5.3
frequency adverbs 8 imperial measurements 32.7 “more than” 17.2
“ful”, suffix 22.1 “in” 3.1 “much” 17.1 17.2
furniture 14 indirect questions 75 see also direct speech “must” and “must not” 42.1
future plans 36 37 52 53 infinitives (verbs) 33.1 33.4 35.6 72.1
future result first conditional 50.1 72.3
N
future with “going to” 37 39.1 39.6 informal English 1.7 5.1 44.1 45 see also
future with “will” 39 formal English; phrasal verbs
collocations 15.4 question tags 1.1 1.3 46 narratives 61 67 68
first conditional 50.3 52.3 56.1 “ing” endings 13.1 13.2 18.1 26.3 27.3 natural world 60.1
phrasal verbs 9.6 59.3 see also gerunds negatives
reported speech 69.6 inside the body 10.2 prefixes 29
subordinate time clauses 52.3 instructions 42 50 51 72 “must not” 42.1
interests see also hobbies “might” and “could” 40.2 40.5 43.1
interrupted actions 62 questions 1.2 1.3 25.1 46.1
G intonation 20.4 45.4 reporting verbs 72.6

irregular verbs 20.9 statements 1.3 25.1 44.1
gadgets 33 “isn’t it” 1.1 “never” 8.1 65.1
garden 14 “no” and “yes” 44.1 74.1
geographica l terms 17 non-defining relative clauses 58 see also
JKL
gerunds 33.1 35.1 55.8 see also “ing” endings defining relative clauses
“give” 56.5 “not long before” 68.1
“going to” 37 39.1 39.6 jobs 7 57 “nought” 4.2 6.6
greetings 1 “just” 25.1 nouns 7.4 11.1 17.4
growing up 19.4 “just as” 68.1 “now” 28.1
“knows” 37.8 39.6 numbers 4 6.6
landscapes 40 60.1 see also geographical
H terms
O
leisure 8 9 35 46 62 see also hobbies
“had” 64.3 65.1 “less” suffix 22.1
“half ” 4.1 letters (correspondence) 6 objects in sentences
“has” and “have” 24 40.1 “like” 18.7 phrasal verbs 16.1 33.7
“have” and “have got” 30.5 likes and dislikes 18 reported questions 73.1 73.3 74.2 74.3
“have” and “haven’t” 46.1 long adjectives 17.2 17.5 reported speech 70.1 70.3
“have been” 26 “love” 18.7 28.5 reporting verbs 71.1 72
“have to” and “has to” 42.1 42.3 obligations 42
health 37 41 42 43 51 occupations see jobs
M
hobbies 27 “off ” 3.1
“hold” 56.5 offers 39.1
home improvements 26 main clauses 57 58 “on” 3.1
“hopes” 37.8 39.6 “make” 53.7 “one of ” 17.4
hours 5.1 manners 44 ongoing actions 13 15.7 24.3 26 27.1
houses 14 26 materials, clothing 12.3 28.1 59.1
“how about” 55.8 “may” 44.1 44.2 opinions 11.1 35
“how long” 27.7 metric measurements 32.7 “opposite” 3.2 3.6
human body 10 “might” 40.5 43.1 opposites 29.1
“might not” 40.2 40.5 43.1 “or” 74.7
minutes 5.1 ordinal numbers 4.1
I modal verbs 43 42.1 46.5

“can” 69.6
P
“I’m sorry” 44.1 “could” 43.1 69.6 76.1
idioms 66 “might” 40 43.1
“ie” endings 13.2 “should” 46.5 parenting 20
“if ” “would” 69.6 76.1 particles 9 16 33.7 45.1
first and second conditional 50 51.3 53.1 modifying words 18.7 18.9 passive voice 49 63
53.3 adverbs 25.1 37.7 past continuous 59 61 62 67.1 68.1 69.6
simple questions 74 75.6 for verbs 37.8 39.6 past events 59 63 64 76
zero conditional 48.1 48.3 with comparatives 17.1 17.2 past participle 24 40.1 49.3 63.3 64.3
“if I were you” 55.1 with superlatives 17.4 17.5 65
286
past perfect 64 problems 63.6 29 51 “slightly” 17.1
in narratives 67.1 68.1 promises 39.1 “sorry” 44.1
reported speech 69.6 69.7 pronouns 1.1 16.5 32 57 58 specific actions 33.4 see also time markers
with “never” or “ever 65.1 pronunciation 6.2 6.6 6.8 20.4 45.4 spelling 16.8 19.1 19.6 20.9 38.1
with “wish” 76.6 76.8 spoken English 30.5 40.5 see also
past possibility 40.1 collocations; phrasal verbs
Q
past simple 20.1 20.9 24 62 63 64 conversational skills 1
collocations 15.4 indirect questions 75
first and second conditionals 53.3 56.1 “quarter” 4.1 numbers 4
in narratives 67.1 68.1 question tags 1.1 1.3 46 question tags 1.1 1.3 46
phrasal verbs 9.6 question words 73.3 75.1 75.3 times 5.1
questions 46.1 questions 27 40.2 44.1 55.8 73 74 75 vowel sounds 6.8
reported speech 69 “quite” 18.7 websites and emails 6.2
with “never” and “ever” 65.1 sports 4 25 34 35
with “wish” 76 state verbs 28.5
R
pastimes see hobbies; leisure “still” 25.1
percentages 4.3 storytelling 61 67 68
permission 44 “re” prefix 22.1 stress 45.4 see also emphasis; intonation
personal characteristics 57 58 “really” 18.7 studying 21 22
personal information 6 recent past 24 26.1 27.1 27.7 styles (clothing) 12.2
personal relationships 45 reflexive pronouns 32.1 32.3 subject pronouns 32.3
phone numbers 6.1 regrets 76 subjects sentence 42.3
phrasal verbs 9 16 33.7 45 relationships 19.7 45 past continuous 59.3
place prepositions of 3 relative clauses 57 58 past perfect 64.3 76.8
planets 60.1 relative pronouns 57 58 past simple 62.3 76.3
plans 35 36 37 see also future plans reported speech 59 69 70 71 see also present perfect 24.1 24.3
plurals 17.4 32.1 63.3 direct speech present perfect continuous 26.3 27.1 27.3
“point”, use in numbers 4.2 questions 73 74 present simple passive 49.3
points, of interest 16.8 reporting verbs 71 72 reported questions and speech 69.3 73.1
points, of the compass 3.2 results, within sentences 48 50.1 50.3 73.3
polite questions 75 53.1 subjects (educational) 21
polite requests 44 rooms 14 subordinate time clauses 52
positive statements 1.3 46.1 75.1 routines 8 9 15 “subsequently” 68.1
possessions 30 suffixes 22.1
possibilities 40 43 50 “suggest” 71.9
S
postcodes 6.1 suggested actions first conditional 50
predictions suggestions 51.1 55 71 see also advice
with evidence 37.4 same time phrases (past continuous) 68.1 superlatives with modifiers 17.4 17.5
without evidence 39.1 “say” and “said” 69.3 70 71.1 surnames 6.1
prefixes 22.1 29.1 scene-setting 61.1
prepositions 3 3.6 9.1 45.1 74 school 21 22
T
present continuous 9.6 13.1 15.4 15.7 science 47.1 48 49
36.1 69.6 second conditional 53 55.1 56.1 see also
present participles 13.1 13.2 first conditional; zero conditional “take” 36.6
present perfect 24 25.1 52.6 65.3 69.6 “self ” and “selves” endings 32.1 talents and skills 27
see also present perfect continuous; separable phrasal verbs 16 33.7 “tell” and “told” 70 71.1
present perfect simple “set” 56.5 tenses see also future with “will”; past
present perfect continuous 26 27 28 short adjectives 17.1 17.4 continuous; past perfect; past simple;
present perfect simple 28 short answers 44.2 present continuous; present perfect;
present possibility 40.1 short forms see contractions present simple
present simple 9.6 15.7 33.1 49 “shortly after” 68.1 collocations 15.4
first and second conditional 50.3 51.3 “should” and “shouldn’t” 46.5 narrative 67.1
56.1 sickness 41 42 43 51 reported speech 69 73.1
questions 46.1 simple questions 74 75.6 verbs with infinitives 35.7
reported speech 69.1 69.3 simple verb patterns 35 with phrasal verbs 9.6
subordinate time clauses 52.3 52.6 “since” and “for” 26.6 27.7 “than” 17.1 17.2
zero conditional 48.1 48.3 singular 30.5 63.3 “that” 57.1 57.2 69.2 69.3 70.2
with “never” and “ever” 65.3 sizes clothing 12.4 with reporting verbs 70.2 71
“probably” 37.7 39.5 skills and talents 27 “the” 15.1 30.1
287
“the most” 17.5 auxiliary verbs 46.1 73.6 74.2 75.2 word beginnings (prefixes) 22.1 29.1
“thinks” 37.8 39.6 base form 20.1 37.1 40.1 42.3 53.3 word endings (suffixes) 22.1
“third” (fraction) 4.1 56.1 word order 8.3 8.6 11.1 11.2 73 75.1
three-word phrasal verbs 45.1 45.4 gerunds 33.1 35.1 55.8 work 7.4 69 see also jobs
time adverbs 68 indirect questions 75 “would” 46.5 53 55.1 56.1 69.6 76.1
time markers 24.3 36.1 70.7 infinitives 33.1 33.4 35.6 72.1 72.3 written English 4 5.3 32.7 see also spelling
time quantities 26.6 irregular verbs 20.9
times of day 5.1 modifiers 18.7 37.8 39.6
YZ
“to” 33.1 see also infinitives particles 33.7
to be 1.1 8.6 phrasal verbs 9 16 33.7 45
future 37.1 reported speech 69 71 72 73 74 “y” endings 13.2
present 13.1 40.1 49.3 state verbs 28 “yes” and “no” 44.1 74.1
with question tags 46.1 to be 1.1 8.6 “yesterday” 70.7
to take 36.6 future 37.1 “yet” 25.1
“told” and “tell” 70 71.1 present 13.1 40.1 49.3 “zero” 4.2 6.6
tools 47.2 50 with question tags 46.1 zero article 30.1
town 16 17 29.6 58 to take 36.6 zero conditional 48 see also first conditional;
transport 23.1 to work 7.4 second conditional
travel 23.2 24 46 62 65 “very” 17.1 zip codes 6.1
“triple” 6.6 visual arts 64
truths 70
W
U “was” and “were” 59.3 63.1 63.3
“un”, prefix 22.1 29.1 weather 38 39 40
“unless” 50.7 websites 6.2
unlikely situations 53 56.1 “what about” 55.8
urban problems 29 63.6 “when” 48 52
“whether” 74 75.6
“which” 58
V “who” 57 58
“will”, future with 39
vacations 23.2 24 collocations 15.4
vehicles 23.1 first conditional 50.3 52.3 56.1
venues, sports 34.3 phrasal verbs 9.6
verbs see also first conditional; modal verbs; reported speech 69.6
second conditional subordinate time clauses 52.3
action verbs 28 wishes 76 see also dreams
Acknowledgments
The publisher would like to thank: scripts and managing audio recordings; Hannah DK would like to thank the following for their
Jo Kent, Trish Burrow, and Emma Watkins for Bowen and Scarlett O’Hara for compiling audio kind permission to use their photographs:
additional text; Thomas Booth, Helen scripts; George Flamouridis for mixing and 39 Alamy: MBI (bottom right). 218 Fotolia:
Fanthorpe, Helen Leech, Carrie Lewis, and Vicky mastering audio recordings; Heather Hughes, Malbert (bottom center). 234 Dreamstime.com:
Richards for editorial assistance; Stephen Bere, Tommy Callan, Tom Morse, Gillian Reid, and Carol Buchanan / Cbpix (center right).
Sarah Hilder, Amy Child, and Fiona Macdonald Sonia Charbonnier for creative technical 255 Fotolia: Sergey Khachatryan (center right).
for additional design work; Peter Chrisp for fact support. Sachin Gupta, Shipra Jain, Vishal 259 Dorling Kindersley, Courtesy of American
checking; Penny Hands, Amanda Learmonth, Bhatia, Tushar Kansal, Kartik Gera, Anita Yadav, Police Hall of Fame and Museum: Steven
and Carrie Lewis for proofreading; Elizabeth Jaileen Kaur, Manish Upreti, Nehal Verma, Nisha Greaves (top center).
Wise for indexing; Tatiana Boyko, Rory Farrell, Shaw, and Ankita Yadav for technical assistance. All other images are copyright DK.
Clare Joyce, and Viola Wang for additional For more information, please visit
illustrations; Liz Hammond for editing audio www.dkimages.com.
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English For Everyone, Level 3, Intermediate, Course Book 2020 DK

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Author

Gill Johnson is an experienced English-language teacher, author,

All images © Dorling Kindersley Limited Everyday activities 38

www.dk.com Vocabulary Body and appearance 42

Vocabulary Clothes and accessories 46 Things I have done 86

Future arrangements 126 Vocabulary Science and tools 160

Predictions and promises 136 Things that might happen 170

Possibility 140 Solving problems 174

Vocabulary Sickness and health 144 Planning activities 178

Polite requests 152 Giving advice 188

More phrasal verbs 154 Real and unreal situations 192

Adding information 200 What other people said 236

What was happening when? 204 Telling things to people 240

Vocabulary The natural world 208 Suggestions and explanations 244

themselves the English language. Like all language courses, it

MaTch ThE bEgInnIngs of ThE sEnTEncEs To ThE corrEcT EndIngs

covers the core skills: grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation,

visually as possible, using images and

graphics to help you understand and KEY LANGUAGE QUESTION TAGS

remember. The best way to learn is to

FURTHER EXAMPLES QUESTION TAGS For statements with “I” use

work through the book in order, making

website and app. Turn to the practice

book at the end of each unit to reinforce

STATEMENT QUESTION TAG

your learning with additional exercises.

Modules Each unit is broken down

Everyday activities REWRITE THE SENTENCES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS

KEY LANGUAGE PHRASAL VERBS

vocabulary and grammar. HOW TO FORM PHRASAL VERBS

FURTHER EXAMPLES PHRASAL VERBS

038-041_Unit_9_Everyday.indd 38 22/01/2016 18:46 038-041_Unit_9_Everyday.indd 39 22/01/2016 18:46

Audio support Most modules Exercises Modules with

KEY LANGUAGE THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Graphic guide Clear, simple visuals help

Supporting audio This symbol

HOW TO FORM THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Vocabulary Throughout the book,

Write-on lines You are

110_111_284202_EFE_Unit_31_FOOD_INT.indd 110 22/01/2016 11:33

Module number Every module

Space for writing You are

Supporting graphics Visual

FILL IN THE GAPS WITH “FOR” OR “SINCE”

Supporting LISTEN TO THE

012-015_Unit_1_Making_conversation.indd 13 22/01/2016 11:31

CHECKLIST 038-041_Unit_9_Everyday.indd 41 22/01/2016 18:46

Track your progress

Checklists Every unit ends with a

DECIMALS AND PERCENTAGES

DECIMALS AND PERCENTAGES

TIMES AND DATES

KEY LANGUAGE QUESTION TAGS

FURTHER EXAMPLES QUESTION TAGS For statements with “I” use

HOW TO FORM QUESTION TAGS

Verb is positive. Question tag uses negative form of verb.

STATEMENT QUESTION TAG

Verb is negative. Question tag uses positive form of verb.

LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

Five people are attending

FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE PHRASES IN THE PANEL

KEY LANGUAGE PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

VOCABULARY COMPASS POINTS AND USEFUL PHRASES