MATHEMATICS 10

THIRD QUARTER
WEEK 8

Competencies covered:
Illustrates mutually and not
mutually exclusive events.

b. Find the probability of

mutually and not mutually
Probability of Mutually
exclusive events.
Exclusive Events
Differentiate mutually
exclusive events from not
mutually exclusive events.

Name of Writer: Renante A. Roldan

Designation: SST - II
School: Poctoy National High School
District: Torrijos

Name of Writer: Renante A. Roldan

Designation: SST - II
School: Poctoy National High School
District: Torrijos

Department of Education • Schools Division of Marinduque

 MATHEMATICS 10
Introductory Message
This module tackles the topics about probability, specifically the probability
of mutually exclusive and not mutually exclusive events. As you go through,
you will understand that in every decision in life, you need to think and
select the best solution that may use to solve your problem. The topics
herein enlighten yourself on what to choose so that your decisions will
become more meaningful.

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, the students should be able to

demonstrate understanding of the key concepts of Illustrating
mutually exclusive events and not mutually exclusive events.
Furthermore, differentiate the two and appreciate its importance in
formulating conclusions and making decision.

What I Know

Let us see how much you learned from the previous lesson. If you got all
the answers right or at least 80% of the right answer, then you are
now ready to proceed to the next level. Enjoy!!!

Activity 1. True or False

Direction: Write “true” if the statement is true, otherwise “false”. Write
your answer in each blank.
_____1. Probability is a value or number assigned as an outcome of an
event.
_____2. The sum of the probabilities of all of the outcome is always 1.
_____3. It is impossible for the two events to have no outcome.
_____4. If two events that has no outcomes in common, then the
 MATHEMATICS 10
probability of the outcomes is the some of the probability of the
outcome.
_____5. Union is denoted by the symbol ∪.
_____6. The union of two sets is the set of all elements contained in
the sets.
_____7. The probability of the union of two sets can be obtained by;
P (A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – (A ∩ B) if A and B are the two events.
_____8. The probability of drawing a numbered card in a standard
deck of card is always 1/13.
_____9. In rolling a die, the probability of a numbered face is always
1/6.
_____10. In flipping a coin, the probability of getting a head or a tail is
always ½.

Lesson
Topic: Illustrating mutually exclusive events.

This lesson focus on the probability of mutually exclusive events and not
mutually exclusive events. It has series of exercises/activities that will
surely catch your interest so that it will be easy for you to understand and
learn all the concepts that will surely be applied in your future career or
endeavor.

What’s In

How much do you know about the new lesson? Did you
encounter the topic in your previous mathematics? Can you do
the activity below? I’m sure you can. Don’t worry because you
will be guided in doing the activity. Relax and breathe deeply.
You can do it.
 MATHEMATICS 10
Activity 2. Where to go?
Sometimes it’s hard to decide to which in events you need to choose
because you cannot do it at the same time.

1. Which road will you take?

Left or right?

2. Cold or Hot?

3. Passed or Failed

4. Playing Dota or
Studying lesson

5. Mahal Ko o Mahal Ako

Questions:
1. What did you observe about the images on top?
2. Is it easy for you to decide on what event to choose?
3. Is it possible to choose both events?
4. Can you choose two events same time?
5. Which event on top are mutual and not mutual? Why?
 MATHEMATICS 10
What’s New

Are you now ready to learn something new? Well, as you go

through the discussion, set your mind, read and
comprehend, and don’t worry because you will be guided by
the sets of examples which truly directs you to the
development of the new concepts. Just take it easy.

Mutually exclusive events

Consider the scenario below.

Example 1. From a deck of 52 cards, what is the probability

that the card is a number from 2 to 5 or a face card? The event
of a number from 2 to 5 is drawn and the event of a face card is
drawn have no elements in common, hence these are mutually

exclusive events. Let A be the event that a number from 2 to 5

is drawn. Let B be the event that a face card is drawn.

Thus, if two events, A and B, are mutually exclusive, then the

probability that either A or B occurs is the sum of their
probabilities.

P (A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

P(A ∩ B) = P(A) + P(B)

 MATHEMATICS 10
Solution:

Finding the probability that the card is a number from 2 to 5 or

a face card;

Event A

There are four cards numbered 2, 3, 4, 5 so; taking the

probability of each we have:

P (2) = 4/52 or 1/13

P (3) = 4/52 or 1/13

P (4) = 4/52 or 1/13

P (5) = 4/52 or 1/13 and therefore;

1 1 1 1 4
P(A) = + + + =
13 13 13 13 13

4
P(A) =
13

Event B
There are three of a kind face cards in a standard deck of card;
Jack, Queen and King; taking the probability of each face card
we have;

P (Jack) = 4/52 or 1/13

P (Queen) = 4/52 or 1/13

P(King) = 4/52 or 1/13 and therefore;

1 1 1 3
P(B) = + +
13 13 13
= 13

3
P(B) =
13
 MATHEMATICS 10
4 3 7
P (A or B) =
13
+ =
13 13

Example 2. What is the probability of taking a king or a queen in

standard deck of cards.?

Solution:

This shows mutually exclusive events since there cannot be both (a

king or a queen) after picking a card.

Event A

There are 4 kings in a standard deck of cards, so the probability is;

4
P(King) =
52
1
P(King) =
13
1
P(A) =
13
Event B
There are 4 queens in a standard deck of cards, so the probability is;
4
P(Queen) =
52
1
P(Queen) =
13
1
P(B) =
13
Substituting the events in formula, we have;
P( A ∩ B ¿ = P(A) + P(B)
1 1
P( A ∩ B ¿ = +¿
13 13
2
P( A ∩ B ¿ =
13
Not Mutually exclusive events
 MATHEMATICS 10
The figure below shows not mutually exclusive events.

Hearts and King

As you can see on the illustration above, hearts and kings intersect at
king of hearts, and thus they are not mutually exclusive.

In this case, the king of hearts can be counted as two; a king and a
king of hearts.

Taking the probability of the events, we have

16 cards = 13 hearts + 4 kings – 1 extra king of hearts, and therefore

if hearts and king are the two events denoted by A or B, the
probability can be written as:

P (A or B) = P(A) + P (B) – P (A ∪ B) or

P (A∩ B) = P(A) + P (B) – P (A ∪ B)

Example 3. From a deck of 52 cards, what is the probability that the

card is a king or a diamond?

Solution:

There are 4 king cards and 13 diamond cards in all in the standard
deck of card.

Event A

Taking the probability of the king cards, we have;

 MATHEMATICS 10
4 1
P(King) = or
52 13

1
P(A) =
13
`

Event B

Taking the probability of the diamond cards, we have;

13 1
P(Face) =
52
= 4

1
P(B) =
4

Union of events A and B;

1
P(King and Diamond) =
52

1
P(A ∪ B) =
52

Substitute to the formula, we have;

1 1 1
P (A∩ B) =
13
+ 4
- 52

4+ 13−1 16 4
P (A∩ B) =
52
= 52
or
13

Example 4. 30 Grade 10 students of Poctoy National High School was

surveyed if they preferred Math or English as their favorite subject.
According to the result 9 of them like Mathematics, 14 likes English
and 7 like them both. Find the probability that they prefer;

a. Mathematics
b. English
c. Mathematics only
 MATHEMATICS 10
d. English only
e. Both Mathematics and English

Solutions:

9 7 16
a. P(Math) = 30 + 30 = 30

14 7 21
b. P(English) =
30
+ 30
= 30

9
c. P(Math only) = 30

14
d. P(English only) =
30

7
e. P(Both) = 30

Check:

16 21 7 30
P (A∩ B) =
30
+ 30
- 30
= 30
= 1

What Is It

You are now on the part where all the concepts learned from the
activities and discussion will be applied to answer the sets of
succeeding tasks or activities. So be patient and calm in doing the
tasks.

Activity 3. Tell Me
 MATHEMATICS 10
Direction: Tell if the statements below suggest mutually exclusive
events or not.

1. Sit down and scratch your nose.

2. Turning left and right
3. Tossing a coin: head or tail
4. King and spade in deck of cards
5. Picking a red ball and a green ball in an urn
6. Wearing red or a green shirt.
7. Traveling and driving a car.
8. Rolling a 2 in the pair of dice.
9. Landing a head in a coin and rolling a 6 in a die.
10.Studying lesson and playing Mobile Legend

Activity 4. Draw and Tell

Direction: Draw the Venn Diagram of the scenario below and tell if
it is Mutually or not Mutually exclusive events.

1. Of 120 students of Poctoy National High School, 60 are

studying Mathematics, 50 are studying Filipino, and 20 are
studying Mathematics and Filipino.

2. Of 800 television sets shipped by truck, 100 had superficial

damage only, 100 had major damage only and 20 had both
types of damage, and the rest had no damage at all.

3. May likes to wear colored shirts. She had 15 shirts in the

closet. Five of these are blue and four are red, and the rest
are of different colors.
 MATHEMATICS 10

Activity 5. Mutually or Not Mutually Exclusive Events

Consider the situation below and answer the questions that

follow.

1. A restaurant serves a different menu for lunch to their

customers. Gabriel’s company received 10 orders of menudo,
8 orders of chop suey, and 12 orders of chicken adobo. What
is the probability of eating lunch with menudo or chicken
adobo?

2. Mario has 45 red chips, 12 blue chips and 24 white chips.

What is the probability that Mario randomly selects a red
chip or a white chip?

3. Of the 240 students, 176 are on the honor roll, 48 are

members of the varsity team, and 36 are in the honor roll
and are also members of the varsity team. What is the
probability that a randomly selected student is on honor roll
or is a member of the varsity team?

What’s More

The tasks or activities here are somewhat the application in

the real-word as an enrichment and test for the mastery of
the competencies. Be ready and take it easy.

Activity 6. Times like this

During the COVID 19 Pandemic, Marinduque Provincial

Hospital conducted a Blood Donation campaign as part of
the preparation on the outbreak in order the sustain the
 MATHEMATICS 10
blood bank deficiency. The hospital needs the indicated in
the table below.

Blood type O A B AB
Number of
26 16 6 2
bags needed

What is the probability the blood to be donated is;

A. blood type A or type 0?

B. Blood type A or type B?

C. Blood type O or type AB?

D. Blood type A or type AB?

E. Blood type B or type AB?

What I Have Learned

Basic Concepts

o Mutually exclusive events are events which cannot be

happened at the same time.

o The probability of mutually exclusive events can be

defined by; P(A ∩ B) = P(A) + P(B) if A and B are the two
events.
 MATHEMATICS 10
o The events are Not Mutually Exclusive if both events A
and B have at least one common outcome between them.

o The probability of Not Mutually Exclusive Events can be

defined by; P(A ∩ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∪ B) if A and B are
the two events.

o The sum of the probability of the two events A and B

minus the union of the two events is always equal to one.

What I Can Do

Let us see if you really learn from the concepts and activities
you have encountered previously. The activities below would
show the proof of your learnings.

Activity 7. Fact Check

Direction. Put a check on box if it suggests answer to the given

question, leave the box blank if it does not.

1. Which of the following is a mutually exclusive event?

□ A. drawing a queen or king from a standard deck of

cards.

□ B. rolling a 3 or 4 on a single roll of number cube?

□ C. rolling a number greater than 8 and rolling an even

number when a pair of dice is rolled.

□ D. a card selected from a deck will be either an ace or

a jack.
 MATHEMATICS 10
□ E. card selected from a deck will be either a black or a
king.

□ F. a card selected from a deck will be either a queen or

a king.

□ G. card selected from a deck will be either an ace or a

king.

□ H. card selected from a deck will be either an ace or a

spade.

2. Which of the following is not mutually exclusive event?

□ A. tossing a coin and rolling a number cube.

□ B. rolling a 3 or 5 on a single roll of a number cube.

□ C. drawing a 3 and a diamond from a standard deck of

cards.

□ D. rolling a number greater than 3 or a multiple of 3

when a pair of dice is rolled.

□ E. rolling an 8 on a six-sided die

□ F. getting four 5 balls in a row from the same lottery

machine with 35 balls

□ G. getting a head and a tail

□ H. rolling a 3 on a 3-sided die

Activity 8. Solve Solve Solve!!!

Direction. Solve the following problems.

1. Find the probability that a 4 or a 5 will come out on a single
throw of a die.
 MATHEMATICS 10

2. Let A and B are mutually exclusive events, find P(A ∩ B)

when P(A) = 0.5 and P(B) = 0.2

3. The probability that event A would occur is 0.75. The

probability that events A and B would occur at the same time
0.35. Find the probability that B would occur if it is known
that A already occurred.

4. A ball is drawn from a box containing two red balls and four
green balls. What is the probability that the ball drawn is a
red or green ball?

5. In a certain club, the probability that a member picked at

random is an engineer is 0.64, the probability that the
member is male 0.75, and the probability that the member is
a male engineer is 0.50. Find the probability that the
member is an engineer or a male.

Assessment

Are you now ready to take the test? Well I’m sure you are
now very well prepared, ready and excited to take the test.
So, let us start. Just set back and relax. Goodluck.

Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following pairs of events is mutually
exclusive?
MATHEMATICS 10
A. Cards: Aces and spades
B. Sit down and stand up
C. Two dice: Odd and Even
D. Sit down and scratch your nose

2. A card is chosen at random from a pack of 52 playing

cards. What is the probability of a King or a Queen?
A. 0 C. 1/13
B. 1/169 D. 2/13

3. A card is chosen at random from a pack of 52 playing

cards. What is the probability of a King or a Heart?
A. 1/52 C. 4/13
B. 2/13 D. 17/52

4. A number is chosen at random from the set of two-

digit numbers from 10 to 99 inclusive. What is the
probability that the number contains at least one digit
2?
A. 17/90 C. 17/100
B. 1/5 D. 9/50

5. Two-fair dice are thrown. What is the probability that

the score on the first die is 6 or the score on the
second die is 5?
A. 1/36 C. 11/36
B. 1/3 D. 13/36

6. There are 30 students in a class and they all have at

least one cat or dog. 14 students have cat, 19
students have dog. What is the probability that a
student chosen at random from the class has both a
MATHEMATICS 10
cat and a dog?
A. 1/10 C. 2/15
B. 1/6 D. 1/5

7. In a group of 25 boys, 20 play volleyball and 17 play

basketball. They all play at least one of the games.
What is the probability that a boy chosen at random
from the class play volleyball but not basketball.
A. 1/5 C. 12/25
B. 8/25 D. 4/5

8. In a class of 29 students, 15 like history and 21 like

mathematics. They all like at least one of the two
subjects. What is the probability that a student
chosen at random from the class likes math but not
history?
A. 7/29 C. 15/29
B. 14/29 D. 21/29

9. If an unbiased die is thrown, what is the probability

that it will show a 3 or an even number?
A. 1/3 C. 1/6
B. 2/3 D. ½

10. A box contains 20 red, 10 blue, and 30 yellow

beads. What is the probability of a bead drawn at
random being a red or a blue?
A. ¼ C. ½
B. 1/3 D. 1
 MATHEMATICS 10
Additional Activities

Surveys are done to know the pulse of people. The activity below does
the same method to determine the pulse of the students in a certain
school. This where in real-life you can use your acquired knowledge,
skills and competencies from the lesson.

Activity 9. Solve!!!

In a survey of 100 students in a certain school, it was found out that

68 students studied English, 54 studied Mathematics, 42 studied
Filipino, 22 studied English and Filipino, 27 studied Mathematics but
neither English nor Filipino and 5 did not take any of the three .

A. Draw the Venn Diagram for the scenario

B. Find the probability that a student enrolled in Mathematics

takes all three subjects.

C. Find the probability of a student not taking both Filipino and

English.

Answer Key
 MATHEMATICS 10
Task 1. True or False

1. True 6. True
2. True 7. True
3. False 8. False
4. True 9. True
5. True 10. True

Task 3. Tell Me

1. Not mutually exclusive 6. Mutually exclusive

2. Mutually exclusive 7. Not mutually exclusive
3. Mutually exclusive 8. Not mutually exclusive
4. Not mutually exclusive 9. Mutually exclusive
5. Mutually exclusive 10. Not mutually exclusive

Task 4. Draw and Tell

1. Not Mutually Exclusive

2. Not Mutually Exclusive

3. Mutually exclusive events

 MATHEMATICS 10
Task 5. Mutually or Not Mutually Exclusive Events
1. 3/5
2. 23/27
3. 14/15

Task 6. Task 6. Times like this

A. 21/25
B. 11/25
C. 14/25
D. 9/25
E. 4/25

Task 7. Fact Check

1. A, B, D, F, G
2. C, D

Task 8. Solve solve solve

1. 1/3
2. 0.7
3. 0.4
4. 1
5. .89
Evaluation
1. C 6. A
2. D 7. B
3. C 8. D
4. B 9. B
5. C 10. C

References
 MATHEMATICS 10
Callanta, Melvin, Allan Canonigo, Arnaldo Chua, Jerry Cruz, Mirla

Esparrago, Elino Garcia, Aries Marnaye, Fernando Orines, Rowena

Perez and Concepcion Ternida. Mathematics 10 Learner’s Module. 1st

ed. Rex Bookstore, Inc., 2015.

Arciaga, Ronald, and Dan Andrew Magcuyao. Statistics and Probability. 1st

ed. JFS Publishing Services, 2016.

Links:

https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/probability-events-mutually-

exclusive.html

https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Alg2/Mutually%20Exclu

ive%20Events.pdf
MATHEMATICS 10