DigTALCOMmONICATION

Totprnation Jheory olependa6 bits, nuts, dut.

Meobure Loucco insmaim.
Codina o Meana cuhilizing TLoa,( ) 2b
he clhannel abilib oae ) : 3 ? ruh
iid Taseoaham Capauihy d honnel Loaio) 0:6 dei
uncectunin Jucpriie hfaratiom EN TROP LAvERAGE
TNOKMAON
Averag1nMahsn per MeDuL
Depoion CH) bib Meag
DnLidedcg a MAuitahisn -HAust be
Syattn ronuttia MeMUng AAuia
L MMa t he_moo inlsmadion
OLucenca elp P3
dinertione
R
TLaa epunaky
biac bose 2 duiael to lo e t fhere be m dient Menago
LO- deuit e hacley nat MM2 Ma MM Lih obailikea
Lhomhtm content oboalute PplP Pm-
tertainesrent is zem -let ne ohal_L meaAageA haf MeAs
Tsrmatian Lonttnt Tpobaleility (hee Oce p number M
T a islconh aoua fancim MeaguA pl umber
Jhe o matiun san dho AAeaagn a
M 6 e Muuall exduure MeAage tind ,T T.
pnai Jum inommahin tonteat T oa le)
in odidual nada: oal inpmahm
L l0g
B: AMeage inal MR is
hfoaniHtd b a mriHer
Jhe gobabilib OLuronta
4. lulak
inkafmahoM LMVeed btin tus
 _/_/

-M t htlt SHANNONS tRST TneoREM

L SoDRCE Co0ING InfoKEM
Oure eNLodnsisa omlahr
L
roe o enbopu exteoneely dhat chang digtd uanal
inb Oaofher
iky ad esteel ulikul
Ma 2e lortdu jiza nephin, hun ty

HEOXlog (lo)t lag() incoder converh siganal iako bnay

ot0 0 Codlo
2kcient rpreaehicna
RoRe RiLE dam onocakd bu
Comider |diCete Mengnilum oue ourc
eMpreod Ou ybed ilh bah nb
SR- ar emenentud q bwmallir de
S So, S
word los obabiuth O
Lt hupobabilih OLurenca

meentd bLange Code wd

be Po Pp2, PR
he a CalLe aiobl
P
he eahopy i bouad y 0SMS Logk lwAgn od
here i l Aumber d Luaseola
KEREAENZ WE Ap eeLcLEAT
SouRCE Etoo£R-

IOEokmATioNRare Codadcds podut thoulo be

L Mnng in
T heoute
enerotesC umb MEmng per aould be uniguelyoltcodsble
ARumdhen e inkarnMahgn akà- Aa. Codeincd Lingd
PxL&
TAuber oMemdly por

Rbite per oucc asnkola

Lain is he MaAAumpAas
dLndny -n
 value L hen elki ient Lwin M O
L
M 0:2 6-2O1o
Most khuient phen Lmin L
My 01 02
SoURCELoDING HEOR£m M 0 -
Caven a
duure MemlAA fouru
enboph , fhe avenL tode Lod vourcd
od inah, r_Cnouct
eodiaitboundad b L2H H

S0 82
NEEo QF DATA LoMPALIIONA S 02
- dundlaata
S2 0125
- Haakaoe NMAu hnuaMLuMuNM $3 0125
ucturu od boadido S 0625
hekhitaB broaJaion S 0 0625 '2
preA enA S OO625 14

Va Coeachum r oolio da Lsngam

HOFFMAN SoDRCE (0DING
ALAORITHM
CodewoTd ulta)
M 0 0 0' 00
ML 0:2D0:2
M 2 02 a o.2
UM O'1a0-2

L
 _/L/
1 Were nde Ihe a ,
TA0ndB ac nat MuhuallM cyuhui he uld huilbt bhin

H4) H() + y14)

P (Au): p()P(8)-P(Aa)
chuna
Joint wbability Conclitionel prblo dhis tal ed
M6CRo Muhual Mcuae entrophu
P(nUb e(A) p(6)P[anB)
6 ONO1110NfL C1ROPY

CP (IA)=PlA6)/P(A) , plAl6)-P(A)/PA)
plad)P(B|A) p(A): AA|6) As) H(x) dLhined abopu
Atttttatby

P(SIA) 8 ) P(A|6): P(A) entlwgi

hvidid hat X he
p(A A)FP(APU
JoLNTENTROPY OLutd
H () - Pu) Lna PLa}
H ) 2 p(g) loa-

plylw) Log P (
2ptd plglw P
P(9)

pt lsg plylt
Keloion betweeajoint enbepy
ndihomnl enbopu
P(y
plr)H (9|X H(Y/xE H(X)-H(x)
HL)t
MuTOAL TNFORMALON
HCk) ElM(yY =n)J
Mutual npnnahgn LLX)
dunaiayE,(H (1)zu) laglela1

Megouses lhe Qmouat o nmnst

HX,) H()+M(4]x) ALLeived

ideol noiielem dhonne
hene P(x11)= 1
is nigue
Hence iK,)E_oaI p(«)

Channel wilh noin

i allu unAalated to
Xne PxI)=p (%) 02
henu K 9,): oal){)

IROPERTIES OF MuUTUAL INO

MI Q ladanela is ymnen

MT i owaup AGn-La

MT a thoanel is lattd
to joint enop he
Choanelnput Aad0urpu
Od isgita
T(x)=H)An-H(K)
A disueke Jourte booantd
1 , 4 s ( ( ) o3
P ) 0 25

ndihbnal pmokaliltihy

P R 9 01 o1
 -/_
CHAINGL CAPATY
Mxia poaabd bl rcle dhennd
o
be oLoOLadushecd
CanJuppov ho inbuduung OnuA
Tho pre,enco d
C6itsec
Chaanel Copait dadiluc. Aeesee AlEGATIVESTA1E1MENT OF
Claoaael dined oa IheAXIAAuM SHANONs ThEOREM
Claanael hee he maximnahon i Be R C hen e prcbokltt
all_poubl nput pmb dubmbuhor ony

Civen lhdi a sOurco M OQuall

ukelu MeMngeLoilh MSL ihich ig
Anaha iaumahion Q1a_Aate K emy abamu h
Luen 1hút a channel cCpadit
eish RChen hee
Cocdino eclanique uch at he
Cupud he Ou o MA be Codno nCremed
dtasnidhedoe he ClabAA Lih
MababiGy demr
MDa cla MAY heAde
Oihanlu mal CRLTILALKaie
H Sout eabop4 _CUaanelLag

noLahmK when laxael_a@ Po

MAY edanel puu M 1Lp 0-
whea pElL dw n0
1LP)=fJo (r0h Ju
Acht AukLaitm h
Ma h lacoMm
 '

C0 oIG TA£oREM),
CHANNE

Hk éclT
aherc_c is JunAoud at T)
HT C1T
CHANNEL ooIria

hi he dah
ALh nciLated

b12H

2 bisMemo

pahckuhea

Laluol
h