Problem (6.

16): (Mat Foundation Design)

Design the mat foundation shown in the figure below for the following data:
All columns are (0.38m x 0.38m),
f c =21 MPa, f y = 415 MPa, , q all . = 48 kPa, and L.F. = 1.6.

A B C D
E
0.3m
378 kN 489 kN 431 kN

V F 7.32 m

T G
1468 kN 1468 kN 1112 kN
H 7.32 m
S x 22.56m

R I
1468 kN 1468 kN 1112 kN
P J 7.32 m

378 kN 489 kN 400 kN

0.3m
O N M L K
6.1m 6.1m
0.3m 0.3m
Solution: 12.8m

(1) Calculate the total column loads:

 P  10661 kN
 Pult.
(ru ).or.(L.F.)   1.6
P
(2) Determine e x and e y using ( x , y ) coordinates:

0.3378  1468  1468  378  (0.3  6.1)489  1468  1468  489  (0.3  6.1  6.1)431  1112  1112  400
x 
10661
x  6.036 m
B 12.8
e x  x   6.036   0.364 m (left of centroid of mat).
2 2

Foundation Engineering
Design of Mat Foundations
Assist. Prof. Dr. Farouk Majeed Muhauwiss
Foundation Engineering Chapter 6: Structural Design of Footings

0.3378  489  400  (7.62)1468  1468  1112  (14.94)1468  1468  1112  (22.26)1468  1468  1112
y 
10661
y  11.312 m
y
L 22.56
e y  y    11.312   0.032 m (above centroid of mat).
2 2
x y

(3) Determine the soil reactions (q ) below the mat:

x
A  B.L = (12.8)(22.56) = 288.7m2
Ix = BL3 /12 = (1/12)(12.8)(22.56)3 = 12247.5 m4
Iy = LB3 /12 = (1/12)(22.56)(12.8)3 = 3942.6 m4
M x   P.e y = 10661(0.032) = 341.2 kN-m
Sign Convention: Compression: ( +) Positive
_
M y   P.e x = 10661(0.364) = 3880.6 kN-m Tension: ( ) Negative

 P M y .x M x .y 10661 3880.6( x ) 341.2( y)

q       36.92  0.9843( x )  0.0278( y)
A Iy Ix 288.7 3942.6 12247.5

x y q q all.(net )
Point 0.9843(x) 0.0278(y)
V/A (m) (m) (kPa) (kPa)
A +6.4 +11.28 +6.299 +0.313 43.532
B 36.92 +3.05 +11.28 +3.002 +0.313 40.235 48
C 0 +11.28 0 +0.313 37.233
D - 3.05 +11.28 - 3.002 +0.313 34.231
E - 6.4 +11.28 - 6.299 +0.313 30.934
F - 6.4 + 7.32 - 6.299 +0.203 30.824
G - 6.4 + 3.66 - 6.299 +0.102 30.723
H - 6.4 0 - 6.299 0 30.621
I - 6.4 - 3.66 - 6.299 - 0.102 30.519
J - 6.4 - 7.32 - 6.299 - 0.203 30.418
K - 6.4 - 11.28 - 6.299 - 0.313 30.308
L - 3.05 - 11.28 - 3.002 - 0.313 33.605
M 0 - 11.28 0 - 0.313 36.607
N +3.05 - 11.28 +3.002 - 0.313 39.609
O +6.4 - 11.28 +6.299 - 0.313 42.906
P +6.4 - 7.32 +6.299 - 0.203 43.016
R +6.4 - 3.66 +6.299 - 0.102 43.117
S +6.4 0 +6.299 0 43.219
T +6.4 +3.66 +6.299 +0.102 43.321
V +6.4 +7.32 +6.299 +0.203 43.422

(4) Compare the values of soil pressures with allowable net soil pressure.
Since all q  q all.(net )  (O.K.); Otherwise change the dimensions of mat.

2
Foundation Engineering Chapter 6: Structural Design of Footings

(5) Determine the depth (d) of the mat by checking the punching shear failure at (d/2)
from faces of various columns:

𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑙. (𝐿.𝐹.)
𝑣𝑐 𝑎𝑙𝑙. = 0.33  √𝑓′𝑐 ; 𝑣𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑡. =
𝑏𝑜 𝑑 0.11+ 0.38 + d/2

(a) for external columns, the maximum column load = 1468 kN

d/2 1468 kN
𝑣𝑐 𝑎𝑙𝑙. = 0.33(0.75) √21 = 1134 kPa

Edge of mat

0.38 + d
d/2
1468.(1.6)
𝑣𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑡. =
2(0.11  0.38  d / 2)  (d  0.38).d
d/2
1468.(1.6)
1134 
1.36  2d).d
38cm
d = 0.73 m ; Use d = 0.75 m 11cm

0.38 + d
(b) for internal columns, the maximum column load = 1468 kN
1468.(1.6) d/2 1468 kN
𝑣𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑡. =
4(0.38  d).d

0.38 + d
d/2 d/2
1468.(1.6)

4(0.38  0.75)(0.75)
d/2
= 693 kPa < 𝑣𝑐 𝑎𝑙𝑙. = 1134 kPa (O.K.)

(c) for corner columns, the maximum column load = 431 kN Edge of mat

d/2 + 0.38 + 0.11

11cm 431 kN
Edge of mat

431.(1.6)
𝑣𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑡. =
2(0.11  0.38  d / 2).d
38 cm

d/2

431.(1.6)

2(0.11  0.38  0.75 / 2)(0.75) d/2

= 531.5 kPa < 𝑣𝑐 𝑎𝑙𝑙. = 1134 kPa (O.K.)

 Use d = 0.75 m 11cm 38cm

0.11+ 0.38 + d/2

(6) Determine the areas of steel per unit width for positive and negative steel in x and
y directions:
 Divide the mat into strips, say 4 strips in x−direction and 3 strips in y−direction.
 Draw shear and moment diagrams for each individual strip using modified loading (in x and
y directions).

3
Foundation Engineering Chapter 6: Structural Design of Footings
A B C D E
(a) Steel in Long−direction:
Strip No.1 (ABNO): 378 kN 489 kN 431 kN

43.532  40.235  39.609  42.906

q avg.   41.57 kPa
4 1468 kN 1468 kN 1112 kN
22.56m
(q avg. Area)  41.57(3.35)(22.56)  3141.7 kN

 Pstrip  [378 + 1468 + 1468 + 378] = 3692 kN 1468 kN 1468 kN 1112 kN

But,  Pstrip  qavg. (Area) , because the shear between 378 kN 489 kN 400 kN
the adjacent strips has not been taken into account.
Therefore, the soil reaction and the column loads need to O N M L K
be modified as follows:
3.35m 6.1m 3.35m
(q avg. Area)   Pstrip
3141.7  3692
Average load    3416.85 kN
2 2
Avg..load 3416.85
Load modification factor (F)    0.925
 Pstrip 3692
Avg..load 3416.85
q avg. (modified)  q avg.  41.57  45.21
(q avg. Area) 3141.7

So the modified loading on the strip under consideration is shown in the figure below.

378 kN 1468 kN 1468 kN 378 kN

0.3m 7.32m 7.32m 7.32m 0.3m

Actual O A
load diagram
𝒒𝒂𝒗𝒈. = 41.57 x 3.35 = 139.26 kN/m
22.56m

350 kN 1358 kN 1358 kN 350 kN

Modified O A
load diagram
804
𝒒𝒂𝒗𝒈.(𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒅) = 45.21 x 3.35 = 151.45 kN/m
554
3.66m 304.6
45.4
Shear diagram
5.31m
V (kN)
45.4
304.6
2.01m
554
804
1835.3 1835.3

Moment diagram 6.8 821.5 6.8

M (kN-m)
299.3 299.3

4
Foundation Engineering Chapter 6: Structural Design of Footings

The maximum moments are:

+ M = 1835.3 kN−m = 1835.3/3.35 = 547.85 kN-m/m
− M = 299.3 kN−m = 299.3/3.35 = 89.34 kN-m/m

 for positive moment:

ρmin. is the larger of:
1.4/fy = 1.4/415 = 0.00337 or 0.25√f ′ c /fy = 0.25 √21 /415 = 0.00276
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛. = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛. 𝑏. 𝑑 = 0.00337(1.0)(0.75)(100)2 = 25.3 cm2/m

25mm / 10
Using size 25 mm  : t  75   7.5  83.75 cm; Use t = 85 cm.
2
𝐴𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛.(𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝. & 𝑠ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑎𝑔𝑒) = 0.002 b t = 0.002 (1.0)(0.85)(100)2 = 17 cm2/m

𝑀 (𝐿.𝐹.) 547.85(1.6)(103 )
𝐴𝑠 = = (100) 2  34.77 cm2/m > 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛. = 25.3 cm2/m
0.9 𝑓𝑦 0.9 𝑑 0.9( 415)(0.9)(0.75)

 Use As = 34.77 cm2/m ; A s ( total) = 34.77 (3.35) = 116.5 cm2

Use 25 mm  ; A b  4.91.cm 2

116.5 335  15
Number of bars: N   24 bars @ spacing =  14 cm c/c.
4.91 24  1
 Use 24 bars size 25 mm  at 14 cm c/c at bottom of the mat.

 for negative moment:

𝑀 (𝐿.𝐹.) 89.34(1.6)(103 )
𝐴𝑠 = = (100) 2  5.67 cm2/m < 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛. = 25.3 cm2/m
0.9 𝑓𝑦 0.9 𝑑 0.9(415)(0.9)(0.75)

 Use As = 25.3 cm2/m ; A s ( total) = 25.3 (3.35) = 84.8 cm2

Use 25 mm  ; A b  4.91.cm 2

84.8 335  15
Number of bars: N   18 bars @ spacing =  19 cm c/c.
4.91 18  1
 Use 18 bars size 25 mm  at 19 cm c/c at top of the mat.

Foundation Engineering
Design of Mat Foundations
Assist. Prof. Dr. Farouk Majeed Muhauwiss
5
Foundation Engineering Chapter 6: Structural Design of Footings

Approximate Method Using Moment Coefficients:

1
M  w.S 2 ……..… (for steel in long direction)
10
where, w = qavg.(modified) , S = center to center column spacing, and positive and negative
moments are taken as equal.

M 
1
(45.21)(7.32) 2  242.246 kN-m/m
10

𝑀 (𝐿.𝐹.) 242.246(1.6)(103 )
𝐴𝑠 = = (100) 2  15.37 cm2/m < 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛. = 25.3 cm2/m
0.9 𝑓𝑦 0.9 𝑑 0.9(415)(0.9)(0.75)

 Use As = 25.3 cm2/m ; A s ( total) = 25.3 (3.35) = 84.8 cm2

Use 25 mm  ; A b  4.91.cm 2

84.8 335  15
Number of bars: N   18 bars @ spacing =  19 cm c/c.
4.91 18  1
 Use 18 bars size 25 mm  at 19 cm c/c at top and bottom of the mat.

Strip No.2 (BCDLMN):

B C D

40.235  37.233  34.231  33.605  36.607  39.609 489 kN

q avg.   36.92 kPa
6
(q avg.Area)  36.92(6.1)(22.56)  5080.7 kN
1468 kN
 Pstrip  [489 + 1468 + 1468 + 489] = 3914 kN 22.56m

(q avg. Area)   Pstrip 3914  5080.7

Average load    4497.35 kN 1468 kN
2 2
489 kN
Avg..load 4497.35
Load modification factor (F)    1.15
 Pstrip 3914
N M L
Avg..load 4497.35
q avg. (modified)  q avg.  36.92  32.70 kPa 6.1m
(q avg. Area) 5080.7

So the modified loading on the strip under consideration is shown in the following figure:

6
Foundation Engineering Chapter 6: Structural Design of Footings

489 kN 1468 kN 1468 kN 489 kN

0.3m 7.32m 7.32m 7.32m 0.3m

Actual M C
load diagram
𝒒𝒂𝒗𝒈. = 36.92 x 6.1 = 225.21 kN/m
22.56m

562 kN 1688 kN 1688 kN 562 kN

Modified M C
load diagram
𝒒𝒂𝒗𝒈.(𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒅) = 32.70 x 6.1 = 199.47 kN/m
958
730
502
60
Shear diagram
V (kN)
60
502
730
2.52m 4.80m 3.66m 958

1676 1676

9 9
Moment diagram 340
M (kN-m)
624 624

The maximum moments are:

+ M = 1676 kN−m = 1676/6.1 = 274.754 kN-m/m
− M = 624 kN−m = 624/6.1 = 102.295 kN-m/m

 for positive moment:

𝑀 (𝐿.𝐹.) 274.754(1.6)(103 )
𝐴𝑠 = = (100) 2  17.4 cm2/m < 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛. = 25.3 cm2/m
0.9 𝑓𝑦 0.9 𝑑 0.9( 415)(0.9)(0.75)

 A s ( total) = 25.3 (6.1) = 154.33 cm2 ; Use 25 mm  ; A b  4.91.cm 2

154.33 610  15
Number of bars: N   32 bars @ spacing =  19 cm c/c.
4.91 32  1
 Use 32 bars size 25 mm  at 19 cm c/c at bottom of the mat.

7
Foundation Engineering Chapter 6: Structural Design of Footings

 for negative moment:

𝑀 (𝐿.𝐹.) 102.295(1.6)(103 )
𝐴𝑠 = = (100) 2  6.5 cm2/m < 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛. = 25.3 cm2/m
0.9 𝑓𝑦 0.9 𝑑 0.9(415)(0.9)(0.75)

 A s ( total) = 25.3 (6.1) = 154.33 cm2 ; Use 25 mm  ; A b  4.91.cm 2

154.33 610  15
Number of bars: N   32 bars @ spacing =  19 cm c/c.
4.91 32  1
 Use 32 bars size 25 mm  at 19 cm c/c at top of the mat.

Approximate Method Using Moment Coefficients:

M 
1
(32.70)(7.32) 2  175.214 kN-m/m
10

𝑀 (𝐿.𝐹.) 175.214(1.6)(103 )
𝐴𝑠 = = (100) 2  11.1 cm2/m < 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛. = 25.3 cm2/m
0.9 𝑓𝑦 0.9 𝑑 0.9( 415)(0.9)(0.75)

 A s ( total) = 25.3 (6.1) = 154.33 cm2 ; Use 25 mm  ; A b  4.91.cm 2

154.33 610  15
Number of bars: N   32 bars @ spacing =  19 cm c/c.
4.91 32  1
 Use 32 bars size 25 mm  at 19 cm c/c at top and bottom of the mat.

Strip No.3 (DEKL): D E

34.231  30.934  30.308  33.605

q avg.   32.27 kPa 431 kN
4
(q avg. Area)  32.27(3.35)(22.56)  2439 kN
1112 kN
 Pstrip  [431 + 1112 + 1112 + 400] = 3055 kN
22.56m
(q avg. Area)   Pstrip 2439  3055
Average load    2747 kN 1112 kN
2 2
Avg..load 2747
Load modification factor (F)    0.9 400 kN
 Pstrip 3055
L K
Avg..load 2747
q avg. (modified)  q avg.  32.27  36.34 kPa 3.35m
(q avg. Area) 2439

8
Foundation Engineering Chapter 6: Structural Design of Footings

So the modified loading on the strip under consideration is shown in the following figure:
Due to unsymmetric loads, check location of resultant before drawing shear and moment diagrams.
  M (about K) = 0
(360 + 2002 + 388) x = 360 (0.3) + 1001 (7.62) + 1001 (14.94) + 388 (22.26)
2750  6(0.11) 
x = 11.39m ; e x  x  B / 2  11.39  22.56 / 2  0.11m ; q avg.  1
(3.35)(22.56)  22.56 
q max .  37.452 kPa = 37.41 (3.35) = 125.5 kN/m
q min.  35.323 kPa = 35.28 (3.35) = 118.3 kN/m

400 kN 1112 kN 1112 kN 431 kN

0.3m 7.32m 7.32m 7.32m 0.3m

Actual K E
load diagram
22.56m

360 kN 1001 kN 1001 kN 388 kN

Modified K E
load diagram
118.3 kN/m
0.11m

R 125.5 kN/m
551
442
350
36
Shear diagram
V (kN)
324 38
450
2.72m 559
3.69m 4.50m

831
803
5.3 5.7
Moment diagram
M (kN-m) 1.1
436 455

The maximum moments are:

+ M = 831 kN−m = 831/3.35 = 248.059 kN-m/m

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Foundation Engineering Chapter 6: Structural Design of Footings

− M = 455 kN−m = 455/3.35 = 135.821 kN-m/m

 for positive moment:

𝑀 (𝐿.𝐹.) 248.059(1.6)(103 )
𝐴𝑠 = = (100) 2  15.7 cm2/m < 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛. = 25.3 cm2/m
0.9 𝑓𝑦 0.9 𝑑 0.9( 415)(0.9)(0.75)

 A s ( total) = 25.3 (3.35) = 84.75 cm2 ; Use 25 mm  ; A b  4.91.cm 2

84.75 335  15
Number of bars: N   18 bars @ spacing =  19 cm c/c.
4.91 18  1
 Use 18 bars size 25 mm  at 19 cm c/c at bottom of the mat.

 for negative moment:

𝑀 (𝐿.𝐹.) 135.821(1.6)(103 )
𝐴𝑠 = = (100) 2  8.6 cm2/m < 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛. = 25.3 cm2/m
0.9 𝑓𝑦 0.9 𝑑 0.9( 415)(0.9)(0.75)

 A s ( total) = 25.3 (3.35) = 84.75 cm2 ; Use 25 mm  ; A b  4.91.cm 2

84.75 335  15
Number of bars: N   18 bars @ spacing =  19 cm c/c.
4.91 18  1
 Use 18 bars size 25 mm  at 19 cm c/c at top of the mat.

Approximate Method Using Moment Coefficients:

M 
1
(36.34)(7.32) 2  194.718 kN-m/m
10

𝑀 (𝐿.𝐹.) 194.718(1.6)(103 )
𝐴𝑠 = = (100) 2  12.36 cm2/m < 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛. = 25.3 cm2/m
0.9 𝑓𝑦 0.9 𝑑 0.9( 415)(0.9)(0.75)

 A s ( total) = 25.3 (3.35) = 84.75 cm2 ; Use 25 mm  ; A b  4.91.cm 2

84.75 335  15
Number of bars: N   18 bars @ spacing =  19 cm c/c.
4.91 18  1
 Use 18 bars size 25 mm  at 19 cm c/c at top and bottom of the mat.

Foundation Engineering
Design of Mat Foundations
Assist. Prof. Dr. Farouk Majeed Muhauwiss

10
Foundation Engineering Chapter 6: Structural Design of Footings

(b) Steel in Short−direction:

For this problem, divide the mat into four strips as shown in the figure below and for each
strip calculate A s as that done for strips in long−direction.

A B C D E
K K K K
strip 1 378 kN 489 kN 431 kN 3.96m
V F
K K
strip 2 T G 7.32m
K 1468 kN 1468 kN 1112 kN K
S H 22.56m
K K
strip 3 R I 7.32m
K 1468 kN 1468 kN 1112 kN K
P J
K 378 kN 489 kN 400 kN K
strip 4 3.96m

O N M L K
K K K
12.8m
K K

Average soil pressure for each strip:

for strip (1):

43.532  40.235  37.233  34.231  30.934  30.824  43.422
q avg.   37.20 kPa
7
for strip (2):
30.824  30.723  30.621  43.219  43.321  43.422
q avg.   37.02 kPa
6
for strip (3):
30.621  30.519  30.418  43.016  43.117  43.219
q avg.   36.82 kPa
6
for strip (4):
30.418  30.308  33.605  36.607  39.609  42.906  43.016
q avg.   36.64 kPa
7
Take maximum soil pressure = 37.20 kPa as a design value for all strips.

11
Foundation Engineering Chapter 6: Structural Design of Footings

Approximate Method Using Moment Coefficients:

1
M  w.S 2 ……..… (for steel in short direction)
8

M   (37.20)(6.1) 2  173.026 kN-m/m

1
8

𝑀 (𝐿.𝐹.) 173.026(1.6)(103 )
𝐴𝑠 = = (100) 2  10.98 cm2/m < 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛. = 25.3 cm2/m
0.9 𝑓𝑦 0.9 𝑑 0.9(415)(0.9)(0.75)

 A s ( total) = 25.3 (22.56) = 570.77 cm2 ; Use 25 mm  ; A b  4.91.cm 2

570.77 (22.56)(100)  15
Number of bars: N   117 bars @ spacing =  19 cm c/c.
4.91 117  1
 Use 117 bars size 25 mm  at 19 cm c/c at top and bottom of the mat.

NOTE:
Complete other checks as: design of dowels for each column, check bearing pressure, check
the bond, and finally sketch the mat details showing all the information.

Foundation Engineering
Design of Mat Foundations
Dr. Farouk Majeed Muhauwiss
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