Name: Page Content:

1
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
DESIGN OF PURLINS

Truss 12 @ 0.86 = 5.149

P= 2.623 KN/m2

2.5 m(0.86)
Y= =0.478 m2
4.5
S= 0.86m

Spacing of truss= 2m

Roof Slope: 29.05 °

Using A:36 steel with FY = 248 MPa

Using copper or tin roofing, W = 0.05 KPa (Table 204-2)

Roof live load = 0.750 KPa x 1000 = 750pa (Table 205-3 for tributary are 0-20m2)

A. MAXIMUM DESIGN WIND

W1 = P X S

W1 = 2623Pa X 0.86m

W1 = 2255.78 N/m

WEIGHT OF ROOF COVERING

*Copper or tin (table 204-2 of NSCP 2015) =0.05kpa

0.05 kpa x 1000= 50 pa
W2 = 50 pa x 0.86m
W2= 43 N/m
B. ROOF LIVE LOAD
Name: Page Content:
2
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
RLL (For tributary are 0-20m2 table 205-3 of NSCP 2015)= 0.60 Kpa

RLL= 600 Pa= 0.60 kpa

W3= RLL x S
W3 = 600 Pa x 0.86m
W3= 516 N/m

Try C75 x 8.9

PROPERTIES (METRIC)

M = 8.90 kg/m

d = 76.2 mm

bf = 40.6 mm

SX = 22.6 X 103 mm3 = 22600 mm2

tw = 9.04 mm

tf = 6.93 mm

Sy =4.31 x 103 mm3 = 4310 mm2

Check for Compaction: use A36 Fy = 248 Mpa, Fb= 163.68 Mpa

b f 170 d 1680
≤ (width−thickness) ≤
2t f √ Fy t w √ Fy

40.6 170 76.2 1680

? ?
2(6.93) √ 248 6.55 √ 248

2.93 ¿ 10.8 (compact) 11.634 ¿ 106.68 (compact)

A. WEIGHT OF PURLIN
M= 8.90 kg/m
W4= 8.90 (9.81 m/s2)
W4= 87.309 N/m

Vertical loads

Wv= 1.2(W2+ W4) + 1.6 W3

Wv= 1.2(43N /m + 87.309 N/m ) + 1.6(516N/m)

Wv= 981.971 N/m

Total loads normal to surfaces, Wn= Wx

Wn= Wv cos θ + W1
Name: Page Content:
3
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
Wn= 981.971 N/m (cos 29.05) + 2255.78

Wn= 3114.22 N/m

Total loads parallel to surface, Wt = Wy

Wt = Wv sin θ

Wt = 981.971 N/m (sin 29.05)

Wt = 476.82 N/m

Moment along x, Mx Moment along y, My

Wnl 2 Wtl 2
Mx = Mx =
8 32
N 2
3114.22 (2 m) 476.82(2 m)
2
Mx = m Mx =
8 32

Mx =1557.11 N.m My = 59.6 N.m

MX My
fbX = fby =
SX Sy

1557.11N . m x 1000 mm 59.6 N . m x 1000 mm

fbX = 2 fby = 2
22600 mm 4310 mm
fbX = 68.899 MPa fby =13.83 MPa

FbX = 0.66Fy FbX = 0.75Fy

FbX = 0.66(248 MPa) Fby = 0.75(248 MPa)

FbX = 163.68 Mpa Fby = 186Mpa

Purlins are subjected to bending in both directions.

fb x fb Y
+ =1
Fb x FbY
68.899 MPa 13.83 MPa
+ =0.495<1(safe)
163.68 Mpa 186 Mpa

Therefore, use C75 x 8.9 for Purlins.

Name: Page Content:
4
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Design of Sag Rod

Tsag = 5/8 Wy L

= 5/8 (476.82) (2)

= 596.025N

Tsagmax = Tsag (n) where n, number of purlins

= 596.025 (12)

= 7152.3 N

Ø Pn = Pu

0.9 ( FyAg) = 7152.3

0.9 (248) (πd2 / 4) = 7152.3

d = 6.39 or 10 mm

Design of Tie rod

Trod = Tsagmax / cos θ

= 7152.3/ cos (29.05)

= 8181.57 N

Ø Pn = Pu

0.9 ( FyAg) = 8181.57 N

0.9 (248) (πd2 / 4) = 8181.57 N

d = 6.83 mm ≈ 12 mm Bar

USE C 75 X 8.9 , 10mm Ø BAR SAG ROD, 12mm Ø BAR TIE ROD
Name: Page Content:
5
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
Design of Truss

Design of the howe truss by computing the axial load in each member of the truss
through distribution of dead load, live load, and wind load. The acquired values of load in
each member are determined using Maxwell diagram.

Figure 1: measurements and member indication for the howe truss to be design
Total dead loads at top chord (TC)

DESIGN DATA:
Length of truss, Lt = 9m
Height of truss, Ht = 2.5m
Bay length, Bl = 2m
Spacing of purlins, Sp = 0.86m
Support spacing = 4.5m
Weight of roof, Wt = 1029.8 N
Length of top chord, Ltc = 5148.8158mm or 5.149
Roof Slope θ = 29.05

TRIBUTARY AREAS:
Roof Surface Projection, TArp

TArp= 2 (Length of top chord)(Bay length)

TArp= 2 (5.149m)(2m)

TArp= 20.596 m2

Horizontal Projection, TAhp

TAhp= ( Length of truss)(Bay length)

TAhp= 9m * 2m

TAhp= 18 m2

LOAD TO BE CARRIED BY THE TRUSS:

Name: Page Content:
6
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Dead load
Roof
Corrugated Roofing – copper or tin (Table 204 – 2 of NSCP 2015)
- 0.05 Kpa (1000) = 50 Pa
Roof Covering = 50(20.596) = 1029.8

Purlins
C75 x 8.9
=(Purlins weight)(pcs)(baylength)

- 8.90kg/m (9.81) = 87.309

=(87.309N/m)(12)(2m) = 2095.416 N

Sag Rod
10mm
- 0.617 kg/m
0.617(5.148) (9.81) (2) = 62.32 N

Truss self-weight
W = 35.91(1+L/3.048)
W = 35.91(1+9/3.048) = 141.94 Pa
=141.94 Pa

=141.94(2)(9) = 2554.98 N

Total dead load

DL = Wt + Wrc + Wp + Wsr

Self weight + Roof Covering + Purlins weight + Sag Rod = DLTC

2554.98 + 1029.8 + 2095.416 + 62.32 = 5742.516 N say 5800 N

Solving for point loads at the Top Chord Joints:

P = DL(TC) / no. of span

P = 5800 N / 10

P = 580 N

@ end Span
P = 580/2
P= 290 N

Reactions
Name: Page Content:
7
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

R1 = R2
580(10)/2 = 2900 N
R1 = 2900 N

R2 = 2900 N

Ceiling Dead Load

=( Gypsum board +Suspended steel channel system)(TAhp)

=[ 4.5mm (0.008kPa/mm) + 0.1kPa](1000)(18m2) = 2448 N

Dead loads at bottom chord (BC)

DL(BC) = Wc

DL(BC) = 2448 N

Solving for point loads at the Bottom Chord Joints:

P = Wc / no. of span

P = 2448 / 8

P =306 N

R1 = 1224 N

R2 = 1224 N

Roof live loads

RLL= (0.60kPa)(TAhp)

= 0.60(1000)(18) = 10800 N

RLL = 10800 N

Solving for panel load:

P = RLL/ no. of span

P = 10800 / 10

P = 1080 N

P = 1080 / 2

P = 540 N

Reactions
R1 = R2
1080(10)/2 = 5400 N
R1 = 5400 N

R2 = 5400 N
Name: Page Content:
8
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Wind loads

Wind Ward Wind Load WL(WW)

= (2.176 kPa)( TArp)

= (2.176 kPa)(1000)(20.596m2/2)

= 22408.448 N

Solving for panel load:

P = WL(WW) / no. of span

P = 22408.448 / 5

P = 4481.69 N

P= P / 2

P = 4481.69 N / 2

P = 2240.85 N

Leeward Wind Load WL(LW)

WL(LW) = (2.623kPa)(TArp)

= (2.623kPa)(1000)(20.59m2/2)

WL(LW) = 27003.785 N

P = WL(LW) / no. of span

P = 27003.785 / 5

P = 5400.757 N

P = P9 / 2

P = 5400.757 / 2

P = 2700.3785 N

CHECKING FOR DETERMINACY:

m+r = 2j→statically determinate where:
m+r > 2j→statically indeterminate m = no. members =37
r = no. support reactions =5
m + r > 2j j = no. joints =20
37 + 5 > 2(20)
42 > 40 → statically indeterminate truss to the 1st
degree

CALCULATION OF THE FORCES:

Using the method of consistent deformations; Ref. Structural Analysis 5th Edition by Aslam
Kassimali
Procedure for analysis:
1) Determine the degree of indeterminacy of the truss. This analysis is only for the
structures with a single degree of indeterminacy.
2) Select one of the support reactions as redundant.
Name: Page Content:
9
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
3) Remove the restraint corresponding to the redundancy from the given indeterminate
truss to obtain the primary determinate structure.
4) Draw a diagram of the primary structure with only the external loading applied to it.
Solve for the primary reactions and forces in each member denoted as (Fo) indicating
whether it is in tension or compression.
5) Draw a diagram of a virtual structure with ONLY the unit value of the redundant
applied to it. The unit force (or moment) is always assumed in the positive direction
of the redundant. Also, solve for the virtual reactions and forces in each member
denoted as (µf) indicating whether it is in tension or compression. (To calculate the
forces easily I’ve used the Maxwell diagram)
6) About step 3 since we removed the redundant support reaction. The truss will be
subjected to a deflection denoted as (Δ) for the primary truss, and (δ) for the virtual
truss.
7) Using Excel tabulate the calculated forces of both primary and virtual truss members.
Compute the deflections (Δ), and (δ) using the following equation:
∑(Fo)
(µf)(L) = Δ
EA

∑(µf)2(L
) = δ
EA
8) Substitute the values of deflections (or slopes) computed in step 7 into the
compatibility equation, and solve for the unknown redundant: Δ + δ R = 0
9) Determine the remaining support reactions of the indeterminate structure either by
applying the three equilibrium equations to the free body of the indeterminate
structure or by superposition of the reactions of the primary structure due to the
external loading and redundancy.
10) Once the reactions have been evaluated, the axial forces in the members of the
indeterminate truss can be determined by superposition of the member forces of the
primary truss due to the external loads and due to the redundant support reaction; that
is, F = FO + µf(R)
11) Repeat the process to the other load conditions. Note; that since it is the same truss
for the other load conditions, the calculation of forces in the members of the virtual
truss is similar to others.
12)
DISTRIBUTION OF LOADS

Dead Load

Figure 2: Illustration for the indeterminate truss.

Name: Page Content:
10
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Figure 3: Primary Truss Subjected to External Loads & Maxwell Diagram. Note: the conversion
use for the calculation of internal forces is 1m = 580 N.
Name: Page Content:
11
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
Table 1: Tabulation for internal forces in primary truss.
DEADLOAD IN EACH MEMBERS
MEMBER LENGTH (M) CONVERSION LOAD(N) NATURE
A-B 9.266 580 5374.28 C TC
B-C 8.237 580 4777.46 C TC
C-D 7.207 580 4180.06 C TC
D-E 6.177 580 3582.66 C TC
E-F 5.148 580 2985.84 C TC
A-T 8.1 580 4698 T BC
T-S 8.1 580 4698 T BC
S-R 7.2 580 4176 T BC
R-Q 6.3 580 3654 T BC
Q-P 5.4 580 3132 T BC
B-T 0 580 0 N/A TM
B-S 1.03 580 597.4 C CM
C-S 0.5 580 290 T TM
C-R 1.345 580 780.1 C CM
D-R 1 580 580 T TC
D-Q 1.749 580 1014.42 C CM
E-Q 1.5 580 870 T TC
E-P 2.193 580 1271.94 C CM
F-P 4 580 2320 T TM
F-G 5.148 580 2985.84 C TC
G-H 6.177 580 3582.66 C TC
H-I 7.207 580 4180.06 C TC
I-J 8.237 580 4777.46 C TC
J-K 9.266 580 5374.28 C TC
P-O 5.4 580 3132 T BC
O-N 6.3 580 3654 T BC
N-M 7.2 580 4176 T BC
M-L 8.1 580 4698 T BC
L-K 8.1 580 4698 T BC
P-G 2.193 580 1271.94 C CM
G-O 1.5 580 870 T TM
O-H 1.5 580 870 C CM
H-N 1 580 580 T TM
N-I 1.345 580 780.1 C CM
I-M 0.5 580 290 T TM
M-J 1.03 580 597.4 C CM
J-L 0 580 0 N/A TM
Name: Page Content:
12
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Figure 4: Virtual Truss Subjected to a Unit Force & Maxwell Diagram.

DEAD LOAD
PRIMARY T. (N) VIRTUAL T. (N)
MEMBER LENGTH Fo NATURE µf NATURE Fo(µf)(L) (µf)^2(L) F = Fo +µf (R )
A-B 1.0296 -5374.28 C 1.0296 T -5697.15 1.091454 -1883.44752
B-C 1.0296 -4777.46 C 1.0296 T -5064.47 1.091454 -1286.62752
C-D 1.0296 -4180.06 C 1.0296 T -4431.18 1.091454 -689.227525
D-E 1.0296 -3582.66 C 1.0296 T -3797.89 1.091454 -91.8275248
E-F 1.0296 -2985.84 C 1.0296 T -3165.22 1.091454 504.9924752
P-O 0.9 4698 T -0.9 C -3805.38 0.729 1646.573011
T-S 0.9 4698 T -0.9 C -3805.38 0.729 1646.573011
S-R 0.9 4176 T -0.9 C -3382.56 0.729 1124.573011
R-Q 0.9 3654 T -0.9 C -2959.74 0.729 602.5730112
Q-P 0.9 3132 T -0.9 C -2536.92 0.729 80.5730112
B-T 0.5 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 0 0
B-S 1.0296 -597.4 C 0 N/A 0 0 -597.4
C-S 1 290 T 0 N/A 0 0 290
C-R 1.345 -780.1 C 0 N/A 0 0 -780.1
D-R 1.5 580 T 0 N/A 0 0 580
D-Q 1.749 -1014.42 C 0 N/A 0 0 -1014.42
E-Q 2 870 T 0 N/A 0 0 870
E-P 2.193 -1271.94 C 0 N/A 0 0 -1271.94
F-P 2.5 2320 T -1 C -5800 2.5 -1070.47443
F-G 1.0296 -2985.84 C 1.0296 T -3165.22 1.091454 504.9924752
G-H 1.0296 -3582.66 C 1.0296 T -3797.89 1.091454 -91.8275248
H-I 1.0296 -4180.06 C 1.0296 T -4431.18 1.091454 -689.227525
I-J 1.0296 -4777.46 C 1.0296 T -5064.47 1.091454 -1286.62752
J-K 1.0296 -5374.28 C 1.0296 T -5697.15 1.091454 -1883.44752
P-O 0.9 3132 T -0.9 C -2536.92 0.729 80.5730112
O-N 0.9 3654 T -0.9 C -2959.74 0.729 602.5730112
N-M 0.9 4176 T -0.9 C -3382.56 0.729 1124.573011
M-L 0.9 4698 T -0.9 C -3805.38 0.729 1646.573011
L-K 0.9 4698 T -0.9 C -3805.38 0.729 1646.573011
P-G 2.193 -1271.94 C 0 N/A 0 0 -1271.94
G-O 2.5 870 T 0 N/A 0 0 870
O-H 1.749 -870 C 0 N/A 0 0 -870
H-N 1.5 580 T 0 N/A 0 0 580
N-I 1.345 -780.1 C 0 N/A 0 0 -780.1
I-M 1 290 T 0 N/A 0 0 290
M-J 1.0296 -597.4 C 0 N/A 0 0 -597.4
J-L 0.5 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 0 0
C= - TOTAL -83091.8 20.70454 4013.214633
T= + ΣFo(µf)(L) =Σ(µf)^2(L)
Δ =δ
R = -Δ/δ

Figure 5: Tabulation for the computed internal forces and the value for the redundant reaction.

Computation For the Remaining Reactions

Name: Page Content:
13
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

∑MRAY= 0 ↻+

4013.214633 (4.5) + RMY(9) – 580 (0.9) - 580(1.8) – 580 (2.7) – 580 (3.6) – 580 (4.5) – 580 (5.4) –
580 (6.3) – 580 (7.2) – 580 (8.1) – 290 (9) = 0
RMY(9) = - 18059.47 + 522 + 1044 + 1566 + 2088 + 2610 + 3132 + 3654 + 4176 + 4698 + 2610
RMY(9) = 8040.53/9

RKY = 893.39 N , RAY = 893.39 N, RAX = 0

Ceiling Dead Load

Figure 6: Illustration for the indeterminate truss.

Name: Page Content:
14
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Figure 7: Primary Truss Subjected to External Loads & Maxwell Diagram. Note: the conversion use
for the calculation of internal forces is 1m = 306 N.

Table 1: Tabulation for internal forces in primary truss.

DEADLOAD IN EACH MEMBERS
MEMBER LENGTH (M) CONVERSION LOAD(N) NATURE
A-B 8.237 306 2520.522 C TC
B-C 7.207 306 2205.342 C TC
C-D 6.177 306 1890.162 C TC
D-E 5.148 306 1575.288 C TC
E-F 4.118 306 1260.108 C TC
A-T 7.2 306 2203.2 T BC
T-S 7.2 306 2203.2 T BC
S-R 6.3 306 1927.8 T BC
R-Q 5.4 306 1652.4 T BC
Q-P 4.5 306 1377 T BC
B-T 1 306 306 T TM
B-S 1.03 306 315.18 C CM
C-S 1.5 306 459 T TM
C-R 1.345 306 411.57 C CM
D-R 2 306 612 T TC
D-Q 1.749 306 535.194 C CM
E-Q 2.5 306 765 T TC
E-P 2.193 306 671.058 C CM
F-P 4 306 1224 T TM
F-G 8.237 306 2520.522 C TC
G-H 7.207 306 2205.342 C TC
H-I 6.177 306 1890.162 C TC
I-J 5.148 306 1575.288 C TC
J-K 4.118 306 1260.108 C TC
P-O 4.5 306 1377 T BC
O-N 5.4 306 1652.4 T BC
N-M 6.3 306 1927.8 T BC
M-L 7.2 306 2203.2 T BC
L-K 7.2 306 2203.2 T BC
P-G 2.193 306 671.058 C CM
G-O 2.5 306 765 T TM
O-H 1.749 306 535.194 C CM
H-N 2 306 612 T TM
N-I 1.345 306 411.57 C CM
I-M 1.5 306 459 T TM
M-J 1.03 306 315.18 C CM
J-L 1 306 306 T TM
Name: Page Content:
15
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Figure 8: Virtual Truss Subjected to a Unit Force & Maxwell Diagram.

CEILING LOAD
PRIMARY T. (N) VIRTUAL T. (N)
MEMBER LENGTH Fo NATURE µf NATURE Fo(µf)(L) (µf)^2(L)F = Fo +µf (R )
A-B 1.0296 -2520.522 C 1.0296 T -2671.95 1.091454 -617.548
B-C 1.0296 -2205.342 C 1.0296 T -2337.83 1.091454 -302.368
C-D 1.0296 -1890.162 C 1.0296 T -2003.72 1.091454 12.81164
D-E 1.0296 -1575.288 C 1.0296 T -1669.93 1.091454 327.6856
E-F 1.0296 -1260.108 C 1.0296 T -1335.81 1.091454 642.8656
P-O 0.9 2203.2 T -0.9 C -1784.59 0.729 539.7615
T-S 0.9 2203.2 T -0.9 C -1784.59 0.729 539.7615
S-R 0.9 1927.8 T -0.9 C -1561.52 0.729 264.3615
R-Q 0.9 1652.4 T -0.9 C -1338.44 0.729 -11.0385
Q-P 0.9 1377 T -0.9 C -1115.37 0.729 -286.439
B-T 0.5 306 T 0 N/A 0 0 306
B-S 1.0296 -315.18 C 0 N/A 0 0 -315.18
C-S 1 459 T 0 N/A 0 0 459
C-R 1.345 -411.57 C 0 N/A 0 0 -411.57
D-R 1.5 612 T 0 N/A 0 0 612
D-Q 1.749 -535.194 C 0 N/A 0 0 -535.194
E-Q 2 765 T 0 N/A 0 0 765
E-P 2.193 -671.058 C 0 N/A 0 0 -671.058
F-P 2.5 1224 T -1 C -3060 2.5 -624.265
F-G 1.0296 -2520.522 C 1.0296 T -2671.95 1.091454 -617.548
G-H 1.0296 -2205.342 C 1.0296 T -2337.83 1.091454 -302.368
H-I 1.0296 -1890.162 C 1.0296 T -2003.72 1.091454 12.81164
I-J 1.0296 -1575.288 C 1.0296 T -1669.93 1.091454 327.6856
J-K 1.0296 -1260.108 C 1.0296 T -1335.81 1.091454 642.8656
P-O 0.9 1377 T -0.9 C -1115.37 0.729 -286.439
O-N 0.9 1652.4 T -0.9 C -1338.44 0.729 -11.0385
N-M 0.9 1927.8 T -0.9 C -1561.52 0.729 264.3615
M-L 0.9 2203.2 T -0.9 C -1784.59 0.729 539.7615
L-K 0.9 2203.2 T -0.9 C -1784.59 0.729 539.7615
P-G 2.193 -671.058 C 0 N/A 0 0 -671.058
G-O 2.5 765 T 0 N/A 0 0 765
O-H 1.749 -535.194 C 0 N/A 0 0 -535.194
H-N 1.5 612 T 0 N/A 0 0 612
N-I 1.345 -411.57 C 0 N/A 0 0 -411.57
I-M 1 459 T 0 N/A 0 0 459
M-J 1.0296 -315.18 C 0 N/A 0 0 -315.18
J-L 0.5 306 T 0 N/A 0 0 306
C= - TOTAL -38267.5 20.70454 1848.265
T= + ΣFo(µf)(L) =Σ(µf)^2(L)
Δ =δ
R = -Δ/δ

Figure 9: Tabulation for the computed internal forces and the value for the redundant reaction.

Computation for the Remaining Reactions

Name: Page Content:
16
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Figure 10: Illustration for the indeterminate truss

ΣMRay = 0

1848.265(4.5) + RMY(9) – 306 (0.9) – 306 (1.8) – 306 (2.7) – 306 (3.6) – 306 (5.4) – 306 (6.3) –
306 (7.2) – 306 (8.1) = 0

RMY(9) = - 8317.1925 + 275.4 + 550.8 + 826.2 + 1101.6 + 1652.4 + 1927.8 + 2203.2 + 2478.6

RMY(9) = 2698.8075 N

RMY = 299.87 N

RAY = 299.87 N

Live Load
Name: Page Content:
17
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Figure 11: Illustration for the indeterminate truss.

Figure 12: Primary Truss Subjected to External Loads & Maxwell Diagram. Note: the conversion use
for the calculation of internal forces is 1m = 1080 N.
Name: Page Content:
18
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
Table 2: Tabulation for internal forces in primary truss.
LIVELOAD IN EACH MEMBERS
MEMBER LENGTH (M) CONVERSION LOAD(N) NATURE
A-B 9.266 1080 10007.28 C TC
B-C 8.237 1080 8895.96 C TC
C-D 7.207 1080 7783.56 C TC
D-E 6.177 1080 6671.16 C TC
E-F 5.148 1080 5559.84 C TC
P-O 8.1 1080 8748 T BC
T-S 8.1 1080 8748 T BC
S-R 7.2 1080 7776 T BC
R-Q 6.3 1080 6804 T BC
Q-P 5.4 1080 5832 T BC
B-T 0 1080 0 N/A TM
B-S 1.03 1080 1112.4 C CM
C-S 0.5 1080 540 T TM
C-R 1.345 1080 1452.6 C CM
D-R 1 1080 1080 T TM
D-Q 1.749 1080 1888.92 C CM
E-Q 1.5 1080 1620 T TM
E-P 2.193 1080 2368.44 C CM
F-P 4 1080 4320 T TM
F-G 5.148 1080 5559.84 C TC
G-H 6.177 1080 6671.16 C TC
H-I 7.207 1080 7783.56 C TC
I-J 8.237 1080 8895.96 C TC
J-K 9.266 1080 10007.28 C TC
P-O 5.4 1080 5832 T BC
O-N 6.3 1080 6804 T BC
N-M 7.2 1080 7776 T BC
M-L 8.1 1080 8748 T BC
L-K 8.1 1080 8748 T BC
P-G 2.193 1080 2368.44 C CM
G-O 1.5 1080 1620 T TM
O-H 1 1080 1080 C CM
H-N 1 1080 1080 T TM
N-I 1.345 1080 1452.6 C CM
I-M 0.5 1080 540 T TM
M-J 1.03 1080 1112.4 C CM
J-L 0 1080 0 N/A TM

Figure 13: Virtual Truss Subjected to a Unit Force & Maxwell Diagram.
Figure 14: Tabulation for the computed internal forces and the value for the redundant reaction.
Name: Page Content:
19
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
LIVE LOAD
PRIMARY T. (N) VIRTUAL T. (N)
MEMBER LENGTH Fo NATURE µf NATURE Fo(µf)(L) (µf)^2(L) F = Fo +µf (R )
A-B 1.0296 -10007.3 C 1.0296 T -10608.5 1.091454 -2313.200259
B-C 1.0296 -8895.96 C 1.0296 T -9430.4 1.091454 -1201.880259
C-D 1.0296 -7783.56 C 1.0296 T -8251.17 1.091454 -89.48025934
D-E 1.0296 -6671.16 C 1.0296 T -7071.94 1.091454 1022.919741
E-F 1.0296 -5559.84 C 1.0296 T -5893.85 1.091454 2134.239741
P-O 0.9 8748 T -0.9 C -7085.88 0.729 2022.405821
T-S 0.9 8748 T -0.9 C -7085.88 0.729 2022.405821
S-R 0.9 7776 T -0.9 C -6298.56 0.729 1050.405821
R-Q 0.9 6804 T -0.9 C -5511.24 0.729 78.4058211
Q-P 0.9 5832 T -0.9 C -4723.92 0.729 -893.5941789
B-T 0.5 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 0 0
B-S 1.0296 -1112.4 C 0 N/A 0 0 -1112.4
C-S 1 540 T 0 N/A 0 0 540
C-R 1.345 -1452.6 C 0 N/A 0 0 -1452.6
D-R 1.5 1080 T 0 N/A 0 0 1080
D-Q 1.749 -1888.92 C 0 N/A 0 0 -1888.92
E-Q 2 1620 T 0 N/A 0 0 1620
E-P 2.193 -2368.44 C 0 N/A 0 0 -2368.44
F-P 2.5 4320 T -1 C -10800 2.5 -3152.882421
F-G 1.0296 -5559.84 C 1.0296 T -5893.85 1.091454 2134.239741
G-H 1.0296 -6671.16 C 1.0296 T -7071.94 1.091454 1022.919741
H-I 1.0296 -7783.56 C 1.0296 T -8251.17 1.091454 -89.48025934
I-J 1.0296 -8895.96 C 1.0296 T -9430.4 1.091454 -1201.880259
J-K 1.0296 -10007.3 C 1.0296 T -10608.5 1.091454 -2313.200259
P-O 0.9 5832 T -0.9 C -4723.92 0.729 -893.5941789
O-N 0.9 6804 T -0.9 C -5511.24 0.729 78.4058211
N-M 0.9 7776 T -0.9 C -6298.56 0.729 1050.405821
M-L 0.9 8748 T -0.9 C -7085.88 0.729 2022.405821
L-K 0.9 8748 T -0.9 C -7085.88 0.729 2022.405821
P-G 2.193 -2368.44 C 0 N/A 0 0 -2368.44
G-O 2.5 1620 T 0 N/A 0 0 1620
O-H 1.749 -1080 C 0 N/A 0 0 -1080
H-N 1.5 1080 T 0 N/A 0 0 1080
N-I 1.345 -1452.6 C 0 N/A 0 0 -1452.6
I-M 1 540 T 0 N/A 0 0 540
M-J 1.0296 -1112.4 C 0 N/A 0 0 -1112.4
J-L 0.5 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 0 0
C= - TOTAL -154723 20.70454 7472.882421
T= + ΣFo(µf)(L) =Σ(µf)^2(L)
Δ =δ
R = -Δ/δ

Computation for the Remaining Reactions

Name: Page Content:
20
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Figure 15: Illustration for the indeterminate truss.

ΣMRay = 0

7472.882(4.5) + RMY(9) – 1080(0.9)- 1080 (1.8) – 1080 (2.7) – 1080 (3.6) – 1080 (4.5) – 1080 (5.4)
– 1080 (6.3) – 1080 (7.2) – 1080 (8.1) – 540(9) = 0
RMY(9) = - 33627.969+ 972 + 1944 + 2916 + 3888 + 4860 + 5832 + 6804 + 7776 + 8748 + 4860
RMY(9) = 14972.031/9

RMY = 1663.559 N, RAY = 1663.559 N, RAX = 0

Wind Ward Wind Load

Figure 16: Illustration for the indeterminate truss.

Pt = Wind Pressure x bay length x length of inclined surface of truss

Name: Page Content:
21
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
Pt = 2.176(5.148)(2) = 22.4 kN

Pt = 22.4 kN

Pv =Pt/no of spans

Loading @ each joint

22.4/5 = 4.48 kN

Loading at End Span

4.48/2 = 2.24 kN

Reaction

= 90˚ - 29.05˚ = 60.95

2240

Y= 2240 Cos (60.95) (2.24)

X= 2240 Sin (60.95) (2.24)

4480

Y= 4480 Cos (60.95)

X = 4480 Sin (60.95)

[ ƩMR = 0 ]

4480 sin(60.95)(0.9) + 4480 sin(60.95)(1.8) + 4480 sin(60.95)(2.7) + 4480 sin(60.95)(3.6) + 2240

sin(60.95)(4.5) + 4480 cos(60.95)(0.5) + 4480 cos(60.95)(1) + 4480 cos(60.95)(1.5) + 4480
cos(60.95)(2) + 2240 cos(60.95)(2.5) – R2(9) = 0

R2 (9) = 3524.76 + 7049.52 + 10574.28 + 14099.038 + 8811.899 + 1087.68 + 2175.37 + 3263.048

+ 4350.73 + 2719.21

= 57693.497 N

R2(9)/ 9 = 57693.497/9 = 6410.39kN

R2 = 6410.39 kN

∑ Fv=0

6410.39 + R1 - 2240 sin(60.95)(5) = 0

R1 = 13171.61 N

∑ Fh=0

Rx - 4480 cos (60.95) (5) = 0

Rx = 10876.83 N
Name: Page Content:
22
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
Table 3: Tabulation for internal forces in primary truss.
WINDLOAD(WINDWARD) IN EACH MEMBERS
MEMBER LENGTH (M) CONVERSION LOAD(N) NATURE
A-B 5.149 4480 23067.52 C TC
B-C 4.526 4480 20276.48 C TC
C-D 3.903 4480 17485.44 C TC
D-E 3.281 4480 14698.88 C TC
E-F 2.659 4480 11912.32 C TC
A-T 6.69 4480 29971.2 T BC
T-S 6.69 4480 29971.2 T BC
S-R 5.661 4480 25361.28 T BC
R-Q 4.631 4480 20746.88 T BC
Q-P 3.602 4480 16136.96 T BC
B-T 0 4480 0 N/A TM
B-S 1.178 4480 5277.44 C CM
C-S 0.522 4480 2338.56 T TM
C-R 1.539 4480 6894.72 C CM
D-R 1.144 4480 5125.12 T TM
D-Q 2.001 4480 8964.48 C CM
E-Q 1.716 4480 7687.68 T TM
E-P 2.509 4480 11240.32 C CM
F-P 2.288 4480 10250.24 T TM
F-G 2.94 4480 13171.2 C TC
G-H 2.94 4480 13171.2 C TC
H-I 2.94 4480 13171.2 C TC
J-I 2.94 4480 13171.2 C TC
J-K 2.94 4480 13171.2 C TC
P-O 2.572 4480 11522.56 T BC
O-N 2.572 4480 11522.56 T BC
N-M 2.572 4480 11522.56 T BC
M-L 2.572 4480 11522.56 T BC
L-K 2.572 4480 11522.56 T BC
P-G 0 4480 0 N/A CM
G-O 0 4480 0 N/A TM
O-H 0 4480 0 N/A CM
H-N 0 4480 0 N/A TM
N-I 0 4480 0 N/A CM
I-M 0 4480 0 N/A TM
M-J 0 4480 0 N/A CM
J-L 0 4480 0 N/A TM

Figure 17: Primary Truss Subjected to External Loads & Maxwell Diagram. Note: the conversion use for
the calculation of internal forces is 1m = 4480 N.
Name: Page Content:
23
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Figure 18: Virtual Truss Subjected to a Unit Force & Maxwell Diagram.
Name: Page Content:
24
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
WINDWARD LOAD
PRIMARY T. (N) VIRTUAL T. (N)
MEMBER LENGTH Fo NATURE µf NATURE Fo(µf)(L) (µf)^2(L) F = Fo +µf (R )
A-B 1.0296 -23067.5 C 1.0296 T -24453.3 1.091454 -6469.7354
B-C 1.0296 -20276.5 C 1.0296 T -21494.6 1.091454 -3678.6954
C-D 1.0296 -17485.4 C 1.0296 T -18535.9 1.091454 -887.655403
D-E 1.0296 -14698.9 C 1.0296 T -15581.9 1.091454 1898.904597
E-F 1.0296 -11912.3 C 1.0296 T -12628 1.091454 4685.464597
P-O 0.9 29971.2 T -0.9 C -24276.7 0.729 15462.64703
T-S 0.9 29971.2 T -0.9 C -24276.7 0.729 15462.64703
S-R 0.9 25361.28 T -0.9 C -20542.6 0.729 10852.72703
R-Q 0.9 20746.88 T -0.9 C -16805 0.729 6238.327031
Q-P 0.9 16136.96 T -0.9 C -13070.9 0.729 1628.407031
B-T 0.5 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 0 0
B-S 1.0296 -5277.44 C 0 N/A 0 0 -5277.44
C-S 1 2338.56 T 0 N/A 0 0 2338.56
C-R 1.345 -6894.72 C 0 N/A 0 0 -6894.72
D-R 1.5 5125.12 T 0 N/A 0 0 5125.12
D-Q 1.749 -8964.48 C 0 N/A 0 0 -8964.48
E-Q 2 7687.68 T 0 N/A 0 0 7687.68
E-P 2.193 -11240.3 C 0 N/A 0 0 -11240.32
F-P 2.5 10250.24 T -1 C -25625.6 2.5 -5870.37441
F-G 1.0296 -13171.2 C 1.0296 T -13962.5 1.091454 3426.584597
G-H 1.0296 -13171.2 C 1.0296 T -13962.5 1.091454 3426.584597
H-I 1.0296 -13171.2 C 1.0296 T -13962.5 1.091454 3426.584597
I-J 1.0296 -13171.2 C 1.0296 T -13962.5 1.091454 3426.584597
J-K 1.0296 -13171.2 C 1.0296 T -13962.5 1.091454 3426.584597
P-O 0.9 11522.56 T -0.9 C -9333.27 0.729 -2985.99297
O-N 0.9 11522.56 T -0.9 C -9333.27 0.729 -2985.99297
N-M 0.9 11522.56 T -0.9 C -9333.27 0.729 -2985.99297
M-L 0.9 11522.56 T -0.9 C -9333.27 0.729 -2985.99297
L-K 0.9 11522.56 T -0.9 C -9333.27 0.729 -2985.99297
P-G 2.193 0 C 0 N/A 0 0 0
G-O 2.5 0 T 0 N/A 0 0 0
O-H 1.749 0 C 0 N/A 0 0 0
H-N 1.5 0 T 0 N/A 0 0 0
N-I 1.345 0 C 0 N/A 0 0 0
I-M 1 0 T 0 N/A 0 0 0
M-J 1.0296 0 C 0 N/A 0 0 0
J-L 0.5 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 0 0
C= - TOTAL -333770 20.70454 16120.61441
T= + ΣFo(µf)(L) =Σ(µf)^2(L)
Δ =δ
R = -Δ/δ

Figure 19: Tabulation for the computed internal forces and the value for the redundant reaction.
Name: Page Content:
25
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Figure 20: Illustration for the indeterminate truss.

Computation for the Remaining Reactions

∑ M@R1=0

4480 sin(60.95)(0.9) + 4480 sin(60.95)(1.8) + 4480 sin(60.95)(2.7) + 4480 sin(60.95)(3.6) + 2240

sin(60.95)(4.5) + 4480 cos(60.95)(0.5) + 4480 cos(60.95)(1) + 4480 cos(60.95)(1.5) + 4480
cos(60.95)(2) + 2240 cos(60.95)(2.5) – Rmy(9) - 16120.61441(4.5) = 0

Rmy (9) = 3524.76 + 7049.52 + 10574.28 + 14099.038 + 8811.899 + 1087.68 + 2175.37 +

3263.048 + 4350.73 + 2719.21 – 72542.76

Rmy(9) = - 14849.263 N

Rmy(9) = - 14849.263 / 9

Rmy = - 1649.92 KN

∑ Fv=0

1649.92 + Ray + 16120.61441- 4480 sin (60.95) (5) = 0

Ray = 1811.46 N

∑ Fh=0

Rx = 4480 cos(60.95) (5)

Rx = 10876.83 N

Leeward Wind Load

Name: Page Content:
26
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Figure 21: Illustration for the indeterminate truss.

Pt = Wind Pressure x bay length x length of inclined surface of truss

2.623(2)(5.148) = 27.01

Loadings at each Joint

27.01/5 = 5.402

Loading at End Span

5.402/2 = 2.701

Reaction

= 90˚ - 29.05˚ = 60.95˚

2701

Y= Cos (60.95˚) (2701)

X= Sin (60.95˚) (2701)

5402

Y= 5402 Cos (60.95˚)

X = 5402 Sin (60.95˚)

[ ƩMR = 0 ]

5402 sin(60.95)(0.9) + 5402 sin(60.95)(1.8) + 5402 sin(60.95)(2.7) + 5402 sin(60.95)(3.6) + 2701

sin(60.95)(4.5) + 5402 cos(60.95)(0.5) + 5402 cos(60.95)(1) + 5402 cos(60.95)(1.5) + 5402
cos(60.95)(2) + 2701 cos(60.95)(2.5) – R2(9) = 0
Name: Page Content:
27
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

R1(9) = 4250.17 + 8500.34 + 12750.503 + 17000.67 + 10625.42 + 1311.53 + 2623.06 + 3934.595

+ 5246.13 + 3278.83

= 69521.248 N

R1(9)/ 9 = 69521.248/9

R1 = 7724.58 kN

∑ Fv=0

7724.58 + R2 – 5402 sin(60.95)(5)

R2= 15887.46 kN

∑ Fh=0

Rx – 5402 cos(60.95)(5) = 0

Rx = 13115.32 N

Table 4: Tabulation for internal forces in primary truss.

WINDLOAD(LEEWARD) IN EACH MEMBERS
MEMBER LENGTH (M) CONVERSION LOAD(N) NATURE
A-B 2.94 5402 15881.88 C TC
B-C 2.94 5402 15881.88 C TC
C-D 2.94 5402 15881.88 C TC
D-E 2.94 5402 15881.88 C TC
E-F 2.94 5402 15881.88 C TC
A-T 2.572 5402 13893.944 T BC
T-S 2.572 5402 13893.944 T BC
S-R 2.572 5402 13893.944 T BC
R-Q 2.572 5402 13893.944 T BC
Q-P 2.572 5402 13893.944 T BC
B-T 0 5402 0 N/A TM
B-S 0 5402 0 N/A CM
C-S 0 5402 0 N/A TM
C-R 0 5402 0 N/A CM
D-R 0 5402 0 N/A TM
D-Q 0 5402 0 N/A CM
E-Q 0 5402 0 N/A TM
E-P 0 5402 0 N/A CM
F-P 2.288 5402 12359.776 T TM
F-G 2.659 5402 14363.918 C TC
G-H 3.281 5402 17723.962 C TC
H-I 3.903 5402 21084.006 C TC
J-I 4.526 5402 24449.452 C TC
J-K 5.148 5402 27809.496 C TC
P-O 3.3594 5402 18147.4788 T BC
O-N 4.623 5402 24973.446 T BC
N-M 5.653 5402 30537.506 T BC
M-L 6.682 5402 36096.164 T BC
L-K 6.682 5402 36096.164 T BC
P-G 2.509 5402 13553.618 C CM
G-O 1.718 5402 9280.636 T TM
O-H 2.001 5402 10809.402 C CM
H-N 1.144 5402 6179.888 T TM
N-I 1.539 5402 8313.678 C CM
I-M 0.572 5402 3089.944 T TM
M-J 1.178 5402 6363.556 C CM
J-L 0 5402 0 N/A TM
Name: Page Content:
28
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Figure 22: Primary Truss Subjected to External Loads & Maxwell Diagram. Note: the conversion
use for the calculation of internal forces is 1m = 5402 N.

Figure 23: Virtual Truss Subjected to a Unit Force & Maxwell Diagram.
Name: Page Content:
29
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
LEEWARD LOAD
PRIMARY T. (N) VIRTUAL T. (N)
MEMBER LENGTH Fo NATURE µf NATURE Fo(µf)(L) (µf)^2(L) F = Fo +µf (R )
A-B 1.0296 -15881.9 C 1.0296 T -16836 1.091454 4071.752474
B-C 1.0296 -15881.9 C 1.0296 T -16836 1.091454 4071.752474
C-D 1.0296 -15881.9 C 1.0296 T -16836 1.091454 4071.752474
D-E 1.0296 -15881.9 C 1.0296 T -16836 1.091454 4071.752474
E-F 1.0296 -15881.9 C 1.0296 T -16836 1.091454 4071.752474
P-O 0.9 13893.94 T -0.9 C -11254.1 0.729 -3548.042428
T-S 0.9 13893.94 T -0.9 C -11254.1 0.729 -3548.042428
S-R 0.9 13893.94 T -0.9 C -11254.1 0.729 -3548.042428
R-Q 0.9 13893.94 T -0.9 C -11254.1 0.729 -3548.042428
Q-P 0.9 13893.94 T -0.9 C -11254.1 0.729 -3548.042428
B-T 0.5 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 0 0
B-S 1.0296 0 C 0 N/A 0 0 0
C-S 1 0 T 0 N/A 0 0 0
C-R 1.345 0 C 0 N/A 0 0 0
D-R 1.5 0 T 0 N/A 0 0 0
D-Q 1.749 0 C 0 N/A 0 0 0
E-Q 2 0 T 0 N/A 0 0 0
E-P 2.193 0 C 0 N/A 0 0 0
F-P 2.5 12359.78 T -1 C -30899.4 2.5 -7020.20892
F-G 1.0296 -14363.9 C 1.0296 T -15226.8 1.091454 5589.714474
G-H 1.0296 -17724 C 1.0296 T -18788.7 1.091454 2229.670474
H-I 1.0296 -21084 C 1.0296 T -22350.7 1.091454 -1130.373526
I-J 1.0296 -24449.5 C 1.0296 T -25918.3 1.091454 -4495.819526
J-K 1.0296 -27809.5 C 1.0296 T -29480.2 1.091454 -7855.863526
P-O 0.9 18147.48 T -0.9 C -14699.5 0.729 705.492372
O-N 0.9 24973.45 T -0.9 C -20228.5 0.729 7531.459572
N-M 0.9 30537.51 T -0.9 C -24735.4 0.729 13095.51957
M-L 0.9 36096.16 T -0.9 C -29237.9 0.729 18654.17757
L-K 0.9 36096.16 T -0.9 C -29237.9 0.729 18654.17757
P-G 2.193 -13553.6 C 0 N/A 0 0 -13553.618
G-O 2.5 9280.636 T 0 N/A 0 0 9280.636
O-H 1.749 -10809.4 C 0 N/A 0 0 -10809.402
H-N 1.5 6179.888 T 0 N/A 0 0 6179.888
N-I 1.345 -8313.68 C 0 N/A 0 0 -8313.678
I-M 1 3089.944 T 0 N/A 0 0 3089.944
M-J 1.0296 -6363.56 C 0 N/A 0 0 -6363.556
J-L 0.5 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 0 0
C= - TOTAL -401254 20.70454 19379.98492
T= + ΣFo(µf)(L) =Σ(µf)^2(L)
Δ =δ
R = -Δ/δ

Figure 24: Tabulation for the computed internal forces and the value for the redundant reaction.

Computation for the Remaining Reactions

Name: Page Content:
30
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Figure 25: Illustration for the indeterminate truss.

[ ƩMR = 0 ]

5402 sin(60.95)(0.9) + 5402 sin(60.95)(1.8) + 5402 sin(60.95)(2.7) + 5402 sin(60.95)(3.6) + 2701

sin(60.95)(4.5) + 5402 cos(60.95)(0.5) + 5402 cos(60.95)(1) + 5402 cos(60.95)(1.5) + 5402
cos(60.95)(2) + 2701 cos(60.95)(2.5) – Ray(9) - 19379.98492(4.5) = 0

Ray(9) = 4250.17 + 8500.34 + 12750.503 + 17000.67 + 10625.42 + 1311.53 + 2623.06 + 3934.595

+ 5246.13 + 3278.83 – 87209.93

Ray (9) = - 17688.682 N

Ray = - 1965.409 kN

∑ Fv=0

- 1965.409 + Rmy + 19379.98492 – 5402 sin(60.95)(5) = 0

R2 = 6197.466 kN

∑ Fh=0

Rx - 5402 cos(60.95)(5) = 0

Rx = 13115.32 N
Name: Page Content:
31
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
LOAD(KN) SUMMARY IN EACH MEMBER
MEMBER DEADLOAD(Ceiling) DEADLOAD LIVELOAD WINDWARD LEEWARD
A-B 617.548356 1265.899169 2313.200259 6469.735403 4071.752474
B-C 302.368356 984.2591688 1201.880259 3678.695403 4071.752474
C-D 12.811644 676.4158808 89.48025934 887.6554035 4071.752474
D-E 327.685644 235.8581192 1022.919741 1898.904597 4071.752474
E-F 642.865644 1147.858119 2134.239741 4685.464597 4071.752474
A-T 539.7615 2186.334511 2022.405821 15462.64703 3548.042428
T-S 539.7615 2186.334511 2022.405821 15462.64703 3548.042428
S-R 264.3615 1388.934511 1050.405821 10852.72703 3548.042428
R-Q 11.0385 613.6115112 78.4058211 6238.327031 3548.042428
Q-P 286.4385 367.0115112 893.5941789 1628.407031 3548.042428
B-T 306 306 0 0 0
B-S 315.18 282.22 1112.4 5277.44 0
C-S 459 749 540 2338.56 0
C-R 411.57 368.53 1452.6 6894.72 0
D-R 612 1192 1080 5125.12 0
D-Q 535.194 479.226 1888.92 8964.48 0
E-Q 765 1635 1620 7687.68 0
E-P 671.058 600.882 2368.44 11240.32 0
F-P 624.265 446.209432 3152.882421 5870.37441 7020.20892
F-G 617.548356 1122.540831 2134.239741 3426.584597 5589.714474
G-H 302.368356 210.5408312 1022.919741 3426.584597 2229.670474
H-I 12.811644 676.4158808 89.48025934 3426.584597 1130.373526
J-I 327.685644 958.9418808 1201.880259 3426.584597 4495.819526
J-K 642.865644 1240.581881 2313.200259 3426.584597 7855.863526
P-O 286.4385 367.0115112 893.5941789 2985.992969 705.492372
O-N 11.0385 613.6115112 78.4058211 2985.992969 7531.459572
N-M 264.3615 1388.934511 1050.405821 2985.992969 13095.51957
M-L 539.7615 2186.334511 2022.405821 2985.992969 18654.17757
L-K 539.7615 2186.334511 2022.405821 2985.992969 18654.17757
P-G 671.058 600.882 2368.44 0 13553.618
G-O 765 1635 1620 0 9280.636
O-H 535.194 334.806 1080 0 10809.402
H-N 612 1192 1080 0 6179.888
N-I 411.57 368.53 1452.6 0 8313.678
I-M 459 749 540 0 3089.944
M-J 315.18 282.22 1112.4 0 6363.556
J-L 306 306 0 0 0
Name: Page Content:
32
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
EQUATION 1 EQUATION 2 EQUATION 3 EQUATION 4 EQUATION 5
1772.258836 2675.679132 8455.067119 7256.075654 9145.414536 6747.431606 1519.079003
1377.962836 1782.051132 4943.467119 5139.995654 5460.746536 5853.803606 1181.111003
946.9822331 856.4391866 1398.695174 2990.743709 1744.09459 4928.19166 811.699057
330.2013669 794.4896134 2869.153626 3955.577565 2693.39421 4866.242087 283.029743
1607.001367 2444.549613 7134.945626 6828.089565 7130.01421 6516.302087 1377.429743
3060.868316 3634.804324 13590.77424 7633.471941 19097.45135 7182.846752 2623.601413
3060.868316 3634.804324 13590.77424 7633.471941 19097.45135 7182.846752 2623.601413
1944.508316 2191.924324 8773.734243 5121.391941 13044.65135 5739.966752 1666.721413
859.0561157 775.536724 3980.946643 2635.804341 7013.863755 4323.579152 736.3338134
513.8161157 887.2109029 2684.368015 3644.185714 2515.617934 4435.253331 440.4138134
428.4 367.2 367.2 367.2 367.2 367.2 367.2
395.108 894.864 4757.224 2118.504 6172.304 894.864 338.664
1048.6 1168.8 2932.08 1762.8 3507.36 1168.8 898.8
515.942 1168.536 6213.756 2766.396 8063.256 1168.536 442.236
1668.8 1970.4 5720.96 3158.4 7095.52 1970.4 1430.4
670.9164 1519.5312 8079.5832 3597.3432 10484.0112 1519.5312 575.0712
2289 2772 8397.84 4554 10459.68 2772 1962
841.2348 1905.2784 10130.7224 4510.5624 13145.5984 1905.2784 721.0584
624.6932048 2111.892529 8515.250397 9090.167652 7982.266939 9132.101449 535.4513184
1571.557164 2414.168868 6475.124881 7556.689819 5840.753464 8003.883341 1347.048997
294.7571637 764.1088678 3602.612881 3004.155819 4190.693464 2993.779341 252.6489974
946.9822331 856.4391866 2668.15977 1520.054235 4283.023783 1986.812713 811.699057
1342.518633 1751.670387 4787.03097 5321.648435 5178.254983 6247.489913 1150.730257
1736.814633 2645.298387 6903.11097 9117.750435 6071.882983 10501.16191 1488.698257
513.8161157 887.2109029 3363.160984 2222.910686 3873.203872 1592.703275 440.4138134
859.0561157 775.536724 2354.779612 4627.512913 3761.529693 8306.996296 736.3338134
1944.508316 2191.924324 4840.367212 9895.130513 5177.917293 15287.4439 1666.721413
3060.868316 3634.804324 7352.447212 15186.53951 6620.797293 22288.9819 2623.601413
3060.868316 3634.804324 7352.447212 15186.53951 6620.797293 22288.9819 2623.601413
841.2348 1905.2784 4510.5624 11287.3714 1905.2784 15458.8964 721.0584
2289 2772 4554 9194.318 2772 12052.636 1962
468.7284 941.7672 2129.7672 7534.4682 941.7672 11751.1692 401.7672
1668.8 1970.4 3158.4 6248.344 1970.4 8150.288 1430.4
515.942 1168.536 2766.396 6923.235 1168.536 9482.214 442.236
1048.6 1168.8 1762.8 3307.772 1168.8 4258.744 898.8
395.108 894.864 2118.504 5300.282 894.864 7258.42 338.664
428.4 367.2 367.2 367.2 367.2 367.2 367.2
Name: Page Content:
33
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
EQUATION 6 EQIATION 7 HIGHEST VALUE LOCATION
7609.044655 5211.061726 1139.309252 9145.414536 TC
4564.528655 4957.585726 885.8332519 5853.803606 TC
1496.429696 4680.526766 608.7742927 4928.19166 TC
2111.176904 4284.024781 212.2723073 4866.242087 TC
5718.536904 5104.824781 1033.072307 7134.945626 TC
17430.34809 5515.743488 1967.70106 19097.45135 BC
17430.34809 5515.743488 1967.70106 19097.45135 BC
12102.76809 4798.083488 1250.04106 13044.65135 BC
6790.577391 4100.292788 552.2503601 7013.863755 BC
1958.717391 3878.352788 330.3103601 4435.253331 BC
275.4 275.4 275.4 428.4 TM
5531.438 253.998 253.998 6172.304 CM
3012.66 674.1 674.1 3507.36 TM
7226.397 331.677 331.677 8063.256 CM
6197.92 1072.8 1072.8 7095.52 TM
9395.7834 431.3034 431.3034 10484.0112 CM
9159.18 1471.5 1471.5 10459.68 TM
11781.1138 540.7938 540.7938 13145.5984 CM
6271.962899 7421.797409 401.5884888 9132.101449 TM
4436.871345 6600.001222 1010.286748 8003.883341 TC
3616.071345 2419.157222 189.4867481 4190.693464 TC
4035.358889 1739.147819 608.7742927 4283.023783 TC
4289.632289 5358.867219 863.0476927 6247.489913 TC
4543.108289 8972.387219 1116.523693 10501.16191 TC
3316.303329 1035.802732 330.3103601 3873.203872 BC
3538.243329 8083.709932 552.2503601 8306.996296 BC
4236.034029 14345.56063 1250.04106 15287.4439 BC
4953.694029 20621.87863 1967.70106 22288.9819 BC
4953.694029 20621.87863 1967.70106 22288.9819 BC
540.7938 14094.4118 540.7938 15458.8964 CM
1471.5 10752.136 1471.5 12052.636 TM
301.3254 11110.7274 301.3254 11751.1692 CM
1072.8 7252.688 1072.8 8150.288 TM
331.677 8645.355 331.677 9482.214 CM
674.1 3764.044 674.1 4258.744 TM
253.998 6617.554 253.998 7258.42 CM
275.4 275.4 275.4 428.4 TM

DESIGN OF CONNECTION

Shear Strength of Bolts

Double Shear

Fnv = 165 MPa (NSCP 2015 table 510.3.2)

Name: Page Content:
34
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
Ab = 201.06 mm2 (Area of 16 mm diameter bolt)

Rn = Φ Fnv (Ab) (Equation 1 from equation 510.3.6 of NSCP 2015)

Where, Φ = 0.75

Rn = (0.75) (165) (201.06)

Rn = 24.881kN

Since it must be design as double shear for the reason of the truss is made out of double angle
bar, so it is needed to be multiply by two.

Dv = 24.881

To calculate the number of bolts per joint use the formula n = Fm / Dv (Equation 2)

n = F m / Dv
AB = 9.145 / 24.881
= 0.37 ≈ 1
= bolt at member AB

n = F m / Dv
BC = 5.854 / 24.881
= 0.24 ≈ 1
= bolt at member AP

n = F m / Dv
CD = 4.928 / 24.881
= 0.198 ≈ 1
= bolt at member CD

n = F m / Dv
DE = 4.866 / 24.881
= 0.196 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
EF = 7.134 / 24.881
= 0.29 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
AT =19.097 / 24.881
=0.77 ≈ 1
= bolt at member
Name: Page Content:
35
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
n = F m / Dv
TS = 19.097/ 24.881
=0.77 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
SR =13.044 / 24.881
=0.52 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
RQ =7.014 / 24.881
= 0.28≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
QP =4.433 / 24.881
=0.18 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
BT =0.428 / 24.881
= 0.017 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
BS =6.172 / 24.881
= 0.25≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
CS =3.502 / 24.881
=0.141≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
CR =8.063 / 24.881
=0.32 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
DR =7.095 / 24.881
= 0.29≈ 1
= bolt at member
Name: Page Content:
36
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
n = F m / Dv
DQ =10.484 / 24.881
=0.42 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
EQ = 10.4597/ 24.881
=0.42 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
EP =13.146 / 24.881
=0.53 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
FP =9.123/ 24.881
=0.37 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
FG =8.004 / 24.881
=0.32 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
GH =4.191 / 24.881
=0.17≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
HI = 4.283/ 24.881
=0.172 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
IJ =6.248 / 24.881
=0.25 ≈ 1 6.248
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
JK =10.501 / 24.881
=0.42 ≈ 1
= bolt at member
Name: Page Content:
37
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
n = F m / Dv
PO = 3.873/ 24.881
=0.16 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
ON =8.307 / 24.881
=0.33 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
NM =15.287 / 24.881
=0.61 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
ML =22.289 / 24.881
=0.896 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
LK =22.289 / 24.881
= 0.896≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
PG =15.459 / 24.881
=0.62 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
GO = 12.053/ 24.881
=0.48 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
OH =11.751 / 24.881
=0.47 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
HN =8.150 / 24.881
=0.33 ≈ 1
= bolt at member
Name: Page Content:
38
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
n = F m / Dv
NI =9.482 / 24.881
=0.38 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
IM =4.259 / 24.881
=0.171 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
MJ =7.258 / 24.881
=0.29 ≈ 1
= bolt at member

n = F m / Dv
JL =0.428 / 24.881
=0. 017≈ 1
= bolt at member

MEMBER NUMBER OF BOLTS

AB and JK 1
AT and KL 1
BC and JI 1
BT and JL 1
CD and HI 1
CS and IM 1
DE and GH 1
DR and HN 1
EF and GF 1
EQ and GO 1
FP 1
BS and JM 1
CR and IN 1
PQ and HO 1
EP and GP 1
TS and LM 1
SR and MN 1
RQ and NO 1
QP and OP 1
Name: Page Content:
39
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

DESIGN OF TRUSS MEMBERS

THE DESIGN OF TRUSS MEMBERS/ WEB MEMBERS FOR TENSION AND

COMPRESSION, THE TRUSS MEMBERS/ WEB MEMBERS WILL BE AN A-36 L-BAR WITH EQUAL
EDGES CONNECTED BY A307 BOLT SPACED AT 28MM IN SHEARED EDGE AND SPACED AT
48MM BETWEEN CENTERS WITH 12MM GUSSET PLATE. LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR
DESIGN WILL BE USED TO DETERMINE THE YIELDING, RUPTURE, AND BLOCK SHEAR
STRENGTH OF THE TRUSS MEMBERS.

The following are the highest load in top chord, bottom chord, compression, and tension
members in the truss:

TOP CHORD = 10.501 KN

BOTTOM CHORD = 22.289 KN

COMPRESSION MEMBER = 15.459 KN

TENSION MEMBER = 12.053 KN

A-36 Steel

The following are the characteristics of an A-36 Steel:

E = 200000 MPA

Fy = 248 MPa

Fu = 400 MPa

Note: The equation that gives all of the value in Table 1 came from Equation 4 of Leeward side

TOP CHORD

Load = 25.18 kN

Length = 1029.563 mm

Nature = Compression

Try L 51x51x4.8

Note: the area of effectively will be doubled due to the use of double angle bar.

Where: Ag = 466 mm2 Fy = 248 MPa

r = 15.5 mm

x̅ = 14.2mm

t = 4.76mm
Name: Page Content:
40
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Slenderness Ratio, kL /r

(1)(1029.563)
kL /r =
15.5
kL /r = 66.42 < 200 safe (Section 502.2)

Flexural Buckling Stress, Fcr

If, kL /r ≥ 4.71
√ E ; use F = 0.877 F (Equation 505.3-3)
Fy
cr e

If, kL /r ≤ 4.71
√ E ; use F = (0.658Fy/Fe) F (Equation 505.3-2)
Fy
cr y

4.71
√ E = 4.71
Fy √ 200000
285

4.71
√ E = 133.76
Fy
66.43 <133.76; therefore use Fcr = (0.658Fy/Fe) Fy (Equation 505.3-2)

Fcr = (0.658Fy/Fe) Fy (Equation 505.3-2)

Where:

Fe =π2E / (KL/r) 2 (Equation 505.3-4)

Fe = π2 (200000)/66.432

Fe = 447.44 MPa

Fcr = (0.658Fy/Fe) Fy = (0.658 248/447.44) (248)

Fcr = 196.65 MPa

Compressive strength for flexural buckling, Pn

Pn = Fcr x Ag (Equation 505.3-1)

Pn = 196.65(466)

Pn = 91.64 KN

Compressive strength, ΦcPn

ΦcPn (Section 505.1)

Φc = 0.9 (LRFD)

ΦcPn = (0.9) (91.64)

ΦcPn = 82.48 KN
Name: Page Content:
41
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
For Rupture

Pn = Fu Ae (Equation 504.2-2)

Where:

Ae = An U (Equation 504.3-1)

An = Ag – Ah (Section 504.3.2)

Ah = number of bolt (Ø of bolt + 2mm) (t) (Section 504.3.2)

U = 1 - x̅/l (Table 504.3.1)

Note: x̅ = connection eccentricity, l = length of connection.

Ah = number of bolt (Ø of bolt + 2mm) (t) (Section 504.3.2)

Ah = 1(18 + 2) (4.76)(2)

Ah = 190.4mm2

An = Ag – Ah

An = 466 – 190.4

An = 275.6 mm2

Ae = An U

U = 1 - x̅/l

U = 1- 15.5/48

U = 0.68

Ae = 275.6 (0.68)

Ae = 187.408mm2

P n = Fu A e

Pn = 400(187.408)

Pn = 74.96 KN

ΦPn, Φ = 0.75(LRFD)

ΦPn = (0.75) (74.96)

ΦPn = 56.22 KN

For Block Shear Strength

Rn = 0.6FuAnv + UbsFuAnt ≤ 0.6FyAgv + UbsFuAnt (Equation 510.4-5)

Where:

Anv = net area subject to shear, mm2

Agv = gross area subject to shear, mm2

Ant = net area subject to tension, mm2

Name: Page Content:
42
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
Ubs = 0.5 (tension member is non-uniform)

Rn = 0.6FuAnv ≤ 0.6FyAgv

Agv = (28 + 48)(4.76)

= 361.76 mm2

Anv = (28 + 48 – 20 x .5)(4.76)

= 314.16 mm2

Ant = 0-0*20

= 0 mm2

Rn = 0.6FuAnv + UbsFuAnt

= 0.6 x 400 x 314.16 + 0.5 x 400 x 0

= 57.398 kN

Rn = 0.6FyAgv + UbsAnt

= 0.6 x 248 x 314.16 +0.5 x 0

= 46.75 kN

Φ Rn = (0.75) (46.75)

Φ Rn = 35.1 KN

35.1 KN > 10.501 KN (Equation satisfied, Safe)

Therefore, use double L51 x L51 X 4.8 for top chord.

BOTTOM CHORD

Load =

Length = 900 mm

Nature = Tension

Try L 51x51x4.8

Where:

Ag = 466 mm2 Fy = 248 MPa

r = 15.5 mm

x̅ = 14.2mm

t = 4.76mm

Slenderness Ratio

L / r ≤ 300

900 / 15.7 = 57.32

Name: Page Content:
43
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design

Slenderness Ratio, L /r

(900)
L /r =
15.5
L /r = 57.32 < 300 safe (Section 504.1)

For Yielding

Pn = Fy Ag (Equation 504.2-1)
Pn = 248(466)
Pn = 115.57 KN
ΦtPn (Section 504.2)
Φc = 0.9 (LRFD)
ΦcPn = (0.9) (115.57)
ΦcPn = 104.013 KN

For Rupture
Pn = Fu Ae
Where, Ae = An U
Use the formula condition 2 for U due to
unbalance stress distribution.
U = 1 - x̅/l
Where, x̅ = connection eccentricity
l = length of connection
An = Ag – deff (t)
Where, deff = effective diameter of holes
t = thickness
Ah = number of bolt (Ø of bolt + 2mm) (t)
(Section 504.3.2)
Ah = 1(18 + 2) (4.76)
Ah = 95.2mm2
An = A g – A h
An = 466 – 95.2
An = 370.8 mm2

U = 1 - x̅/l
Ae = An U
U = 1 - x̅/l
= 1 – 15.5/48
= 0.68
Ae = An U
= 370.8 (0.68)
= 252.144 mm2
Pn = Fu Ae
= 400 (252.144)
= 100.86 kN
For Block Shear Strength
Rn = 0.6FuAnv + UbsFuAnt ≤ 0.6FyAgv + UbsFuAnt
(Equation 510.4-5)
Where:
Anv = net area subject to shear, mm2
Agv = gross area subject to shear, mm2
Ant = net area subject to tension, mm2
Ubs = 0.5 (tension member is non-
uniform)
Rn = 0.6FuAnv ≤ 0.6FyAgv
Agv = (28 + 48)(4.76)
= 361.76 mm2
Name: Page Content:
44
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
Anv = (28 + 48 – 20 x .5)(4.76)
= 314.16 mm2
Ant = 0-0*20
= 0 mm2
Rn = 0.6FuAnv + UbsFuAnt
= 0.6 x 400 x 314.16 + 0.5 x 400 x 0
= 75.398 kN
Rn = 0.6FyAgv + UbsAnt
= 0.6 x 248 x 361.16 +0.5 x 0
= 53.741 kN

Φ Rn = (0.75) (53.41)
Φ Rn = 40.058 KN
40.058 KN > 22.289 KN (Equation satisfied,
Safe)
Therefore, use double L51 x L51 X 4.8
BOTTOM CHORD

COMPRESSION WEB MEMBER

Load =
Length = 2193.1712 mm
Nature = Compression
Try L 51x51x3.2
Where:
Ag = 377 mm2
r = 15.7 mm
x̅ = 13.6 mm
t = 3.18 mm
Slenderness Ratio
(1)(2193)
kL /r =
15.7
kL /r = 139.68 < 200 safe (Section 502.2)

Flexural Buckling Stress, Fcr

If, kL /r ≥ 4.71

(Equation 505.3-3)
√ E ; use F = 0.877 F
Fy
cr e

If, kL /r ≤ 4.71
√E ; use F = (0.658Fy/Fe)
Fy
Fy (Equation 505.3-2)
cr

4.71
Fy√
E = 4.71 200000
285 √
4.71
Fy√
E = 133.76

139.68 > 133.76; therefore use, Fcr =

0.877Fe (Equation 505.3-2)
Fe = π2 (200000)/ 139.68 2
Fe = 101.17 MPa
Fcr = 0.877Fe
Fcr = 0.877(101.17)
Fcr = 88.73 MPa
Pn = Fcr x Ag
= 88.73 x 377
= 33.45 kN
Φ P n ≥ Pu
Where Φ = 0.9
(0.9) (33.45) = 30.11 kN
For Rupture
Pn = Fu Ae
Where, Ae = An U
Name: Page Content:
45
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
Use the formula condition 2 for U due to
unbalance stress distribution.
U = 1 - x̅/l

Where, x̅ = connection eccentricity

l = length of connection
An = Ag – deff (t)
Where, deff = effective diameter of holes
t = thickness

An = Ag – deff (t)
= 377 – (18+2 )(3.18)
= 313.4 mm2
U = 1 - x̅/l
U = 1 – 15.7/24
U = 0.35
Ae = An U
= 313.4 (0.35)
= 108.38 mm2
Pn = Fu Ae
= 400 (108.38)
= 43.35 kN
Φ Pn ≥ Pu where Φ = 0.75
0.75(43.35) = 32.52 kN
For Block Shear (Equation
12)
Rn = 0.6FuAnv + UbsFuAnt ≤ 0.6FyAgv + UbsAnt
Fu = 400MPa
Anv = net area subject to shear, mm2
Agv = gross area subject to shear, mm2
Ant = net area subject to tension, mm2
Ubs = 0.5 (tension member is non uniform)
Agv = 28 x 3.18 x 2
= 178.08 mm2
Anv = (28-(18+2)(0.5))(2 x 3.18)
= 114.48 mm2
Ant = 0 – 0*20
=0
Rn = 0.6FuAnv + UbsFuAnt
= 0.6x 400 x 114.48 + 0.5 x 400 x 0
= 27.48 kN
Rn = 0.6FyAgv + UbsAnt
= 0.6 x 248 x 178.08 + 0.5 x 0
= 26.498 kN
Φ Rn ≥ Ru where Φ = 0.75
0.75(114.48 kN) = 85.86 kN

26.498 KN > 15.459 KN (Equation satisfied,

Safe)
USE L 51X51X3.2 FOR COMPRESSION
MEMBERS

TENSION WEB MEMBER

Load =
Length = 2500 mm
Nature = Tension
Try L 51x51x3.2
Where:
Ag = 377 mm2
r = 15.7 mm
x̅ = 13.6 mm
t = 3.18 mm
Slenderness Ratio
Name: Page Content:
46
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
(1)(2500)
kL /r =
15.7
kL /r = 159.24 < 300 safe (Section 502.2)

Flexural Buckling Stress, Fcr

If, kL /r ≥ 4.71

(Equation 505.3-3)
√ E ; use F = 0.877 F
Fy
cr e

If, kL /r ≤ 4.71
√E ; use F = (0.658Fy/Fe)
Fy
Fy (Equation 505.3-2)
cr

4.71
Fy√
E = 4.71 200000
285 √
4.71
Fy√
E = 133.76

159.24 > 133.76; therefore use, Fcr =

0.877Fe (Equation 505.3-2)
Fe = π2 (200000)/ 159.24 2
Fe = 77.844 MPa
Fcr = 0.877Fe
Fcr = 0.877(77.844)
Fcr = 68.27 MPa
Pn = Fcr x Ag
= 68.27 x 377
= 25.74 kN
Φ P n ≥ Pu
Where Φ = 0.9
(0.9) (25.74) = 23.164 kN
For Rupture
Pn = Fu Ae
Where, Ae = An U
Use the formula condition 2 for U due to
unbalance stress distribution.
U = 1 - x̅/l

Where, x̅ = connection eccentricity

l = length of connection
An = Ag – deff (t)
Where, deff = effective diameter of holes
t = thickness

An = Ag – deff (t)
= 377 – (18+2 )(3.18)
= 313.4 mm2
U = 1 - x̅/l
= 1 – 15.7/30
U = 0.48
Ae = An U
= 313.4 (0.48)
= 150.432 mm2
Pn = Fu Ae
= 400 (150.432)
= 60.173 kN
Φ Pn ≥ Pu where Φ = 0.75
0.75(60.173) = 45.13 kN
For Block Shear (Equation
12)
Rn = 0.6FuAnv + UbsFuAnt ≤ 0.6FyAgv + UbsAnt
Fu = 400MPa
Anv = net area subject to shear, mm2
Name: Page Content:
47
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design
Agv = gross area subject to shear, mm2
Ant = net area subject to tension, mm2
Ubs = 0.5 (tension member is non uniform)
Agv = 28 x 3.18 x 2
= 178.08 mm2
Anv = (28-(18+2)(0.5))(2 x 3.18)
= 114.48 mm2
Ant = 0 – 0*20
=0
Rn = 0.6FuAnv + UbsFuAnt
= 0.6x 400 x 114.48 + 0.5 x 400 x 0
= 27.48 kN
Rn = 0.6FyAgv + UbsAnt
= 0.6 x 248 x 178.08 + 0.5 x 0
= 26.498 kN
Φ Rn ≥ Ru where Φ = 0.75
0.75(114.48 kN) = 85.86 kN

26.498 KN > 12.053 KN

(Equation satisfied, Safe)
USE L 51X51X3.2 FOR TENSION WEB
MEMBER

Bearing Shear Strength at Bolt Holes

Rn = 1.5 lc t Fu ≤ 3.0 d t Fu
Φ Rn ≥ Ru where Φ = 0.75
Where. d = nominal diameter of bolt, mm
Fu = 400 MPa
lc = clear distance between the edge of
the hole or edge of the material, mm
t = thickness of the connected material,
mm
d = 18mm Fu = 400 MPa
lc1 =28 mm lc2 = 48 mm

t = 3.18 mm

Rn = 1.5 lc1 t Fu
= 1.5 (28) (3.18) (400)
= 53.424 kN
Rn = 1.5 lc2 t Fu
= 1.5(48) (3.18)(400)
=91.584 kN
Rn = 3.0 d t Fu
= 3 (18) (3.18) (400)
= 68.688 kN
Rn = (53.424+ 68.688) (2)
= 244.224kN
Φ Rn ≥ Ru where Φ = 0.75
(0.75)(244.224)=183.168 kN
Name: Page Content:
48
John Rendel G. Tumaron
DESIGN OF PURLINS, SOG ROD, TRUSS,
Subject: MEMBERS, and CONNECTION
N
Reinforced Concrete Design