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STRUCTURAL DESIGN II 04. DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS

Presentation · July 2022

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.15133.59360

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Kiran S R
Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum
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STRUCTURAL DESIGN II
04. DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS

KIRAN S. R.
Lecturer

Department of Civil Engineering

Central Polytechnic College Thiruvananthapuram
 INTRODUCTION
• Tension members are those subjected
to direct axial tensile force.

SLENDERNESS RATIO:
• Although, tension members do not
buckle locally or overall, IS800
stipulates maximum slenderness ratio
for tension members, inorder to ensure Table 3
a minimum stiffness to prevent Page20
undesirable lateral movement & of IS800
excessive vibrations.
Unsupported Length
Slenderness Ratio =
Least Radius of Gyration

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum Page 2

 MODES OF FAILURE
1) Gross Section Yielding
2) Net Section Rupture
3) Block Shear failure

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum Page 3

 1) GROSS SECTION YIELDING
• Although, a tension member without bolt holes can resist loads
up to the ultimate load, it becomes unserviceable by undergoing
large deformation (yielding).
• Hence, yield strength of material (fy) is the deciding parameter
here. Design strength is given by: (Page 32 - Cl.6.2 of IS800)

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum Page 4

 2) NET SECTION RUPTURE
• Holes in the members cause stress
concentration at service loads, as shown.
• Since stress adjacent to the hole is much
higher than that at the periphery, rupture
initiates in the material adjacent to the hole
after the peripheral fibre had reached yield
stress.
• Hence, ultimate strength of the material (fu)
is the deciding parameter here.

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum Page 5

 Design strength of plates due to net section rupture is given by: (Page 32 - Cl. 6.3 of IS800)
• Failure paths
may occur along
sections normal
to the axis of
member and/or
may include
zigzag sections
also, if bolts are
staggered.
• All possible
failure paths
must be
considered and
corresponding
net areas to be
computed to
determine the
minimum net
area of the
plate.

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum Page 6

 Here, bs is the shear lag width, i.e., the shear
distance from the edge of the outstanding leg to the
nearest line of fasteners, measured along the centre
line of the legs in the cross section.

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum Page 7

 3) BLOCK SHEAR FAILURE
• Failure of the member occurs along a path involving tension on one
plane and shear on a perpendicular plane along the fasteners as
shown.

• Block shear Failure occurs under the following circumstances:

• When the bearing strength of plate as well as the shear strength of bolt are
higher, only fewer bolts are required in connection. Thus, smaller connection
length may result in Block shear failure.
• It may also occur when bolts are closely spaced.

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum Page 8

 • Failure possibilities for different connections is shown below

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum Page 9

 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 1
Compute tensile strength of an angle 150 x 115 x 8 mm of Fe410 grade connected to
gusset plate by weld over 140mm length.

Answer:
Tensile strength of a steel section = Min. of 1) Design strength due to gross section yielding
2) Design strength due to net section rupture
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑔
1) Design strength due to gross section yielding, Tdg = (Page32 – Cl.6.2 of IS800)
𝛾𝑚𝑜

𝑓𝑦 = 250 N/mm2 (Min. yield strength for Fe410 grade steel of <20mm thickness = 250N/mm2)
𝐴𝑔 = 2058mm2 (for ISA150x115x8 from steel tables)
𝛾𝑚𝑜 = 1.10
250 𝑥 2058
Design strength due to gross section yielding, Tdg = = 467.73kN
1.10

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum Page 10

 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 1
Compute tensile strength of an angle 150 x 115 x 8 mm of Fe410 grade connected to
gusset plate by weld over 140mm length.
0.9𝐴𝑛𝑐 𝑓𝑢 𝛽𝐴𝑔𝑜 𝑓𝑦
2) Design strength due to net section rupture, Tdn = + (Page33 – Cl.6.3.3 of IS800)
𝛾𝑚1 𝛾𝑚𝑜
𝐴𝑛𝑐 = (150-8Τ2) x 8= 1168mm2
𝐴𝑔𝑜 = (115-8Τ2) x 8= 888mm2
𝑓𝑢 = 410N/mm2
Generally, wider
𝑓𝑦 = 250N/mm2 (for Fe410 grade steel) leg of angle is
connected to the
𝛾𝑚1 = 1.25 gusset plate.
𝛾𝑚𝑜 = 1.10 w = 115mm
𝑤 𝑓𝑦 𝑏𝑠 t = 8mm
𝛽 = 1.4 – 0.076 𝑡 = 0.85 bs = w = 115mm
𝑓𝑢 𝐿𝑐
Min β = 0.70 0.85 Lc = 140mm
𝑓𝑢 𝛾𝑚𝑜 410 𝑥 1.10
Max β = = = 1.44
𝑓𝑦 𝛾𝑚1 250 𝑥 1.25
0.9 𝑥 1168 𝑥 410 0.85 𝑥 888 𝑥 250
Design strength due to net section rupture, Tdn = +
1.25 1.10
= 516.34 kN

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum Page 11

 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 1
Compute tensile strength of an angle 150 x 115 x 8 mm of Fe410 grade connected to
gusset plate by weld over 140mm length.

Tensile strength of the given angle section

= Min. of 1) Design strength due to gross section yielding = 467.73 kN
2) Design strength due to net section rupture = 516.34 kN
= 467.73 kN

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum Page 12

 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 2
Determine the design tensile strength of a plate 160 x 8
mm of Fe410 grade connected to gusset plate of 10mm
thick using M16 bolts as shown.

Answer:
Tensile strength of a steel section = Min. of 1) Design strength due to gross section yielding
2) Design strength due to net section rupture
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑔
1) Design strength due to gross section yielding, Tdg = (Page32 – Cl.6.2 of IS800)
𝛾𝑚𝑜
𝑓𝑦 = 250 N/mm2 (Min. yield strength for Fe410 grade steel of <20mm thickness = 250N/mm2)
𝐴𝑔 = 160x8 = 1280mm2 (for 8mm thick plate, width = (30+25+25+25+25+30)=160mm)
𝛾𝑚𝑜 = 1.10
250 𝑥 1280
Design strength due to gross section yielding, Tdg = = 290.91 kN
1.10

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum Page 13

 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 2
Determine the design tensile strength of a plate 160 x 8
mm of Fe410 grade connected to gusset plate of 10mm
thick using M16 bolts as shown.
0.9𝐴𝑛 𝑓𝑢
2) Design strength due to net section rupture, Tdn = 𝛾𝑚1
(Page33 – Cl.6.3.3)
𝑝2
𝐴𝑛 = (b – ndh + Σ4𝑔)t All possible failure paths are considered as shown in figure and corresponding
net areas to be computed to determine the minimum net area of the plate.
b=160mm dh = 16+2=18mm p=40mm g=25mm
Failure path Corresponding Net Area (in mm2) Min. Net Area
1 (160 – 3x18 + 0)x8 = 848
2 (160 – 2x18 + 0)x8 = 992
3 (160 – 1x18 + 0)x8 = 1136 848 mm2
2 2
4 (160 – 4x18 + (40 ൗ4 𝑥 25) + (40 ൗ4 𝑥 25))x8 = 960
2 2 2 2
5 (160 – 5x18 + (40 ൗ4 𝑥 25) + (40 ൗ4 𝑥 25) + (40 ൗ4 𝑥 25) + (40 ൗ4 𝑥 25))x8 = 1072
𝑓𝑢 = 410N/mm2 𝛾𝑚1 = 1.25
0.9 𝑥 848 𝑥 410
Design strength due to net section rupture, Tdn = = 250.33 kN
1.25

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum Page 14

 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 2
Determine the design tensile strength of a plate 160 x 8
mm of Fe410 grade connected to gusset plate of 10mm
thick using M16 bolts as shown.

Design Tensile strength of the given plate

= Min. of 1) Design strength due to gross section yielding = 290.91 kN
2) Design strength due to net section rupture = 250.33 kN
= 250.33 kN

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum Page 15

 THANK YOU

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Central Polytechnic College Trivandrum

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