Sec 5 Maths P2

6.6 Equations and Identities (Page 130)

Example 16 (Page 130)

(a) To solve: 2 cos2 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 − 1 = 0, 0° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360°
(cos 𝜃 − 1)(2 cos 𝜃 + 1) = 0
1
cos 𝜃 = 1 or cos 𝜃 = −
2

If cos 𝜃 = 1,
𝜃 = 0°, 𝜃 = 360° .
 1
If cos 𝜃 = − ,
2
1
positive acute angle = cos−1 = 60° .
2

We have
𝜃 = 180° − 60° = 120°, 𝜃 = 180° + 60° = 240° .
Solutions are
𝜃 = 0°, 𝜃 = 360°, 𝜃 = 120°, 𝜃 = 240°.

1
(b) To solve: sin2 (𝜃 − 30°) = , 0° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360°
2

0° − 30° ≤ 𝜃 − 30° ≤ 360° − 30°

− 30° ≤ 𝜃 − 30° ≤ 330°
1
sin(𝜃 − 30°) = ±
√2
1
Positive acute angle = sin−1 = 45°
√2
1
If sin(𝜃 − 30°) = , we have
√2

𝜃 − 30° = 45°, 𝜃 − 30° = 180° − 45° = 135°.

𝜃 = 75°, 𝜃 = 165°
1
If sin(𝜃 − 30°) = − , we have
√2

𝜃 − 30° = 180° + 45° = 225°, 𝜃 − 30° = 360° − 45° = 315°.

𝜃 = 255°, 𝜃 = 345°
Solutions are
𝜃 = 75°, 𝜃 = 165°, 𝜃 = 255°, 𝜃 = 345° .
Example 17 (Page 132)
To solve: 2 cos2 𝑥 + 9 sin 𝑥 = 3 sin2 𝑥, −𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋
2 (1 − sin2 𝑥) + 9 sin 𝑥 = 3 sin2 𝑥
2 − 2 sin2 𝑥 + 9 sin 𝑥 = 3 sin2 𝑥
5 sin2 𝑥 − 9 sin 𝑥 − 2 = 0
(5 sin 𝑥 + 1)(sin 𝑥 − 2) = 0
1
sin 𝑥 = − or sin 𝑥 = 2
5

(impossible)
1
Positive acute angle = sin−1 = 0.2014
5

We have
𝑥 = − 0.2014 , 𝑥 = −(𝜋 − 0.2014) = − 2.9402
Solutions are
𝑥 = − 0.201 , 𝑥 = − 2.94 . (3 s. f.)

Exercise 6F (Page 132)

No. 2 (Page 132)
(b) To solve: tan2 𝜃 = 2 tan 𝜃 , −𝜋 ≤𝜃 ≤𝜋
tan2 𝜃 − 2 tan 𝜃 = 0
tan 𝜃 (tan 𝜃 − 2) = 0
tan 𝜃 = 0 or tan 𝜃 = 2
If tan 𝜃 = 0,
𝜃 = − 𝜋, 𝜃 = 0, 𝜃 = 𝜋.
If tan 𝜃 = 2,
positive acute angle = tan−1 2 = 1.107 .
We have
𝜃 = 1.107, 𝜃 = −(𝜋 − 1.107) = − 2.0346 .
Solutions are
𝜃 = − 𝜋, 𝜃 = 0, 𝜃 = 𝜋, 𝜃 = 1.11, 𝜃 = − 2.03 (3 s. f.)

(c) To solve: cos 𝜃 (cos 𝜃 − 2) = 1 , −𝜋 ≤𝜃 ≤𝜋

cos2 𝜃 − 2 cos 𝜃 − 1 = 0
2 ± √4 + 4 2±2√2
cos 𝜃 = = = 1 ± √2
2 2

cos 𝜃 = 1 + √2 or cos 𝜃 = 1 − √2 = − 0.4142

(impossible)
If cos 𝜃 = −0.4142,
positive acute angle = cos−1 0.4142 = 1.1437 .
Solutions are
𝜃 = 𝜋 − 1.1437 = 2.00, 𝜃 = − (𝜋 − 1.1437) = − 2.00 (3 s. f.)

No. 3 (Page 132)

(a) To solve: 4(sin2 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 ) = 3 − 2 cos 𝜃, 0≤𝜃≤𝜋
4(1 − cos 2 𝜃 ) − 4 cos 𝜃 = 3 − 2 cos 𝜃
− 4 cos2 𝜃 − 2 cos 𝜃 + 1 = 0
4 cos2 𝜃 + 2 cos 𝜃 − 1 = 0
 − 2 ± √4 +16 − 2 ± 2√5 − 1 ± √5
cos 𝜃 = = =
2×4 8 4
− 1 + √5
If cos 𝜃 = = 0.3090, we have
4

𝜃 = 1.256 .
− 1− √5
If cos 𝜃 = = − 0.8090,
4

positive acute angle = cos−1 0.8090 = 0.6283 .

We have
𝜃 = 𝜋 − 0.6283 = 2.5132 .
Solutions are
𝜃 = 1.26 , 𝜃 = 2.51 . (3 s. f.)

No. 4 (Page 132)

To solve: 5 sin2 𝜃 = 4 cos2 𝜃, −180° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 180°
sin2 𝜃 4
=
cos2 𝜃 5
4
tan2 𝜃 =
5
2
tan 𝜃 = ±
√5
2
Positive acute angle = tan−1 = 41.81°
√5
2
If tan 𝜃 = , we have
√5

𝜃 = 41.81°, 𝜃 = − (180° − 41.81°) = −138.19°.

2
If tan 𝜃 = − , we have
√5

𝜃 = 180° − 41.81° = 138.19°, 𝜃 = − 41.81°.

Solutions are
𝜃 = 41.8°, 𝜃 = − 138°, 𝜃 = 138°, 𝜃 = − 41.8° . (3 s. f.)

No. 5 (Page 133)

To solve: 8 sin2 𝑥 + 6 cos 𝑥 − 9 = 0, 0° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°
8 (1 − cos 2 𝑥) + 6 cos 𝑥 − 9 = 0
− 8 cos2 𝑥 + 6 cos 𝑥 − 1 = 0
8 cos2 𝑥 − 6 cos 𝑥 + 1 = 0
(2 cos 𝑥 − 1)(4 cos 𝑥 − 1) = 0
1 1
cos 𝑥 = or cos 𝑥 =
2 4
1
If cos 𝑥 = , we have
2

𝑥 = 60° , 𝑥 = 360° − 60° = 300°.

1
If cos 𝑥 = ,
4
1
positive acute angle = cos−1 = 75.52°.
4

We have
𝑥 = 75.52°, 𝑥 = 360° − 75.52° = 284.48°.
Solutions are
𝑥 = 60° , 𝑥 = 300°, 𝑥 = 75.5°, 𝑥 = 285.5°.