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Chapter 15 Concept Review

MATCHING
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the
description.

______ 1. less erosion a. green revolution

b. overuse of land
______ 2. resistance to pesticides c. fertile soil
d. high pesticide use
______ 3. poverty
e. integrated pest
______ 4. desirable traits transferred management
f. no-till farming
______ 5. desertification g. irrigation and
evaporation
______ 6. action of living organisms h. genetic engineering
______ 7. new crop varieties, increased yields i. over harvesting
j. malnutrition
______ 8. minimize economic damage from
pests
______ 9. depleted fish populations
______10. salinization

MULTIPLE CHOICE
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.

______11. A given plot of land can

produce more food when ______12. The green revolution
used to grow plants than depended on
when used to raise a. new biodegradable
animals because pesticides.
a. 1 Cal animal protein b. high-yielding grain
requires 10 Cal from varieties.
plants. c. clearing forest for crop
b. one-tenth of a plant’s land.
mass can be used as d. organic fertilizers.
food.
c. plants provide more
nutrients per gram.
d. Both (a) and (b)

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Concept Review continued

______13. Most of the living organ-

isms in fertile soil are ______18. Biological pest control
found in aims to do all the
a. the surface litter and following except
topsoil. a. maintain tolerable pest
b. the leaching zone. levels.
c. the subsoil. b. reduce all insects to
d. the bedrock. low levels.
c. leave non-pest species
______14. Erosion is a danger unharmed.
whenever the soil is d. boost plants’ natural
a. bare and exposed to defenses.
wind and rain.
b. plowed along the con- ______19. Plowing with machines,
tour of the land. irrigating with drip
c. covered with grass. systems, and ________are
d. covered by forest. all modern agricultural
methods.
______15. The development of a. using manure
pesticide resistance is an b. applying chemical
example of fertilizers
a. malnutrition. c. irrigating with ditches
b. persistence. d. Both (a) and (b)
c. pest control. ______20. Earth’s available arable
d. evolution. land is being reduced by
______16. All of the following a. fast-growing human
describe typical types of populations.
malnutrition except b. soil erosion.
a. amino acid deficiency. c. desertification.
b. insufficient variety of d. All of the above
foods. ______21. All of these contribute to
c. diet of mostly famine except
vegetables and grains. a. crop failure.
d. low Calorie b. green revolution.
consumption. c. unequal distribution of
______17. Livestock in developing food.
countries provide d. drought.
a. manure. ______22. Almost of the seafood
b. eggs and meat. consumed in the world is
c. leather and wool. produced through
d. All of the above aquaculture.
a. one-half
b. one-third
c. one-fourth
d. three-fourths
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Answer Key
Concept Review AGREE OR DISAGREE
13 Accept any reasonable response. Sample
MATCHING answer: Disagree; using ocean water for
1. f 6. c irrigation could lead to extreme
2. d 7. a salinization unless we used huge amounts
3. j 8. e of water to keep washing the extra salt
4. h 9. I away. It might work along the coast, but
5. b 10. g using large amounts of water to wash
away salts might cause soil erosion.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
14. Answers may vary. Sample answer:
11. a 17. d
Agree; when there is a war between
12. b 18. b
countries or within a country, trans-
13. a 19. b
portation is disrupted. Without trans-
14. a 20. d
portation, food sent as aid sits in storage
15. d 21. b
rather than being distributed to the people
16. c 22. c
who need it. Also, politi- cal struggles are
power struggles, and members of one side
Critical Thinking often withhold food from members of the
other side simply to gain an advantage in
ANALOGIES the power struggle.
1. b 6. a 15. Answers may vary. Accept any thought-
2. c 7. b ful response. Sample answer: Agree;
3. b 8. a genetic engineering could transfer genes
4. d 9. b for insect resistance from one plant
5. c 10. d species into another. Genes from resist-ant
plants that we already eat are almost
INTERPRETING OBSERVATIONS
certainly safer than chemical pesticides.
11. Planting large areas with one type of crop
The problem with foreign genes would be
plant gives pests of that crop a one-stop
in transferring genes that cause aller-gic
food bonanza. In such a system, pests are
reactions in some people.
not confronted with the usual diversity
16. Answers may vary. Sample answer:
characteris-tic of natural landscapes.
Disagree; subsistence farmers do not
Single crop systems also do not provide
usually gain from planting the new, high-
refuges for the predators that otherwise
yielding varieties, because they can’t
keep pest populations under control.
afford the fertilizer, pesticides, and
12. Single-crop farming does not provide the
irrigation. For subsistence farmers,
checks and balances that nor-mally
traditional varieties grow better than new
regulate organism’s population sizes
varieties without expensive inputs.
under natural conditions. Natural habitats
are variable, with food sources being REFINING CONCEPTS
thinly scattered over large areas and 17. Chemical insecticides kill most insects
predators occu- pying the same habitat as that come in contact with them. Biological
their prey. Monocropped fields do not pest control might sterilize male insects,
provide this variability or these obstacles, broadcast pheromones to interfere with
so pests are able to use much more of their mating of the target insects, or spread
energy for producing young, and more of bacte-ria that kill the target insects. These
these young survive to reproduce.

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