2. Engine\Basic engine, 4-cyli... Technical description - Engine ...

All 4-cylinder engines are water-cooled in-line units with 4 valves per cylinder, 2 overhead
camshafts and 2 balancer shafts incorporated in the cylinder block. The engines have fuel
injection and are of crossflow type, i.e. with the inlet valves on one side and the exhaust
valves on the other side of the combustion chambers. The balancer shafts are designed to
overcome vibration and the forces generated by the moving parts of the engine and at the
same time reduce the level of unwanted engine noise.

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2. Engine\Basic engine, 4-cyli... Technical description - Engine ...

 Cylinder block 

The cylinder block is a special one-piece casting with the cylinder bores drilled directly into
the block. Special oilways for the lubricating system are also drilled into the block.

Two tunnels for the balancer shafts are incorporated in the block. The tunnels have press-
fitted aluminium bearing shells in which the balancer shafts run. These bearing shells can
be replaced without the need for subsequent machining.

 Pistons 

The pistons are made of light alloy and have grooves for two compression rings and one oil
scraper ring.

The upper compression ring is flat and chrome or molybdenum plated. The lower
compression ring acts as an oil scraper, is somewhat wider than the upper compression
ring and has three sections. The pistons are internally reinforced and designed for
trapezoid connecting rods. The pistons are tin plated and their upper parts hard anodized.
The gudgeon pins are nitro-hardened. The compression ratio of the B205 is 8.8:1 and of
the B235 9.3:1.

 Connecting rods 

The connecting rods are forged and incorporate bushings for the gudgeon pins. The
gudgeon pin bushings and big-end bearing shells are replaceable.

The gudgeon pins have a floating fit in the pistons and connecting rods. The axial
movement of the gudgeon pins is limited by circlips in the gudgeon pin holes. The engine's
connecting rods are strong and have trapezoid small ends.

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2. Engine\Basic engine, 4-cyli... Technical description - Engine ...

 Crankshaft assembly 

The crankshaft is a forging and has ground journals, which are surface-treated by
induction hardening. This produces a hard surface finish which is highly resistant to wear.
There are five main bearings, with the middle one also serving to locate the crankshaft
axially. Oilways are drilled in the crankshaft for lubrication. All main bearing shells are
replaceable.

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2. Engine\Basic engine, 4-cyli... Technical description - Engine ...

 Cylinder head 

The cylinder head, a light alloy casting, is bolted to the cylinder block. The combustion
chambers are hemispherical with 4 valves per cylinder. This design improves the flow of
gases in the cylinders, ensuring effective combustion of the fuel-air mixture and so higher
efficiency.

 Timing cover and end plate 

The timing cover incorporates the oil pump. The timing cover and end plate are both
sealed to the block by means of Loctite 518.

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