PROCESS SHEET #12 Review of Related Literature

Group #: __________ Date: __10/30/2021_______

Track/Strand: _____STEM 2_________________

Leader: _Maebel Ann A. Malubay________________________________

Members:
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Thesis Title: _ An Analysis on Caffeine’s Effects on Physical and Academic

Performance of STEM students of Kapitolyo High School ________
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The key constructs in study are the following:

• caffeine
• caffeine stimulation
• coffee
• caffeine tolerance
• effects of caffeine in the body
• benefits and risks of caffeine
• sleep-related activeness
• alertness
• mental performances
• caffeine consumption
• central nervous system
• mood
• caffeine withdrawal
1. The GENERAL REFERENCE (S) used was/were:

a. Name of Author(s): Surname, First Name, M.I.

_________________________________________________________________
b. Year of Publication: ________________________________________________
c. Title of the Book: __________________________________________________
d. Place of Publication: _______________________________________________
e. Publisher: ________________________________________________________

Important Points Gathered:

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The general reference(s) used was/were:

a. Name of Author(s): Surname, First Name, M.I.

PROCESS SHEET #12 Review of Related Literature

_________________________________________________________________
b. Year of Publication: ________________________________________________
c. Title of the Book: __________________________________________________
d. Place of Publication: _______________________________________________
e. Publisher: ________________________________________________________

Salient Points Gathered:

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The general reference(s) used was/were: ____________________________________

a. Name of Author(s): Surname, First Name, M.I.

_________________________________________________________________
b. Year of Publication: ________________________________________________
c. Title of the Book: __________________________________________________
d. Place of Publication: _______________________________________________
e. Publisher: ________________________________________________________

Salient Points Gathered:

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2. The DATABASE used in the search was/were:

a. Name of Author(s): Surname, First Name, M.I.

Roger, Peter J., Heatherly, Susan V., Mulling, Emma L., & Smith, Jessica E.
b. Title of the article: _Faster but not smarter: effects of caffeine and caffeine
withdrawal on alertness and performance
c. Year published: 30 October 2012
d. Date Retrived: October 31, 2021
e. Website/ Database https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-012-2889-4

Salient Points Gathered:

 Overnight caffeine abstinence was associated with some detrimental effects at
morning, and more severe effects, including greater sleepiness, lower mental
alertness, and poorer performance around afternoon.
PROCESS SHEET #12 Review of Related Literature
 Medium-high caffeine consumers were more affected by the effects of caffeine
withdrawal.
 caffeine benefits to motor performance

a. Name of Author(s): Surname, First Name, M.I.

- Olsen, Natalie
b. Title of the article: _The Effects of Caffeine on Your Body
c. Year published: _September 28, 2018
d. Date Retrieved: __October 31, 2021
e. Website/ Database _https://www.healthline.com/health/caffeine-effects-on-body

Salient Points Gathered:

• The body develops a tolerance to caffeine by consuming the same amount of it on

a daily basis. Other factors such as age, body mass, and overall health can also
assess the tolerance of a person to caffeine.
• Caffeine serves as a stimulant for the central nervous system. When it enters the
brain, alertness is the most noticeable consequence. An individual will feel more
alert and less sleepy, that’s why caffeine is a common ingredient in medicines for
treating or controlling drowsiness, headaches, and migraines.
• Some people consider coffee to be a healthy drink, but over indulging can cause
side effects, like most foods. Too much caffeine can for instance, cause an
individual headache. This is mostly connected with the withdrawal of caffeine.
The blood vessels in the brain are used to treat the effects of caffeine, so it can
cause a headache if the person suddenly stops consuming caffeine.

a. Name of Author(s): Surname, First Name, M.I.

______-Nordqvist, Joseph

b. Title of the article: _Health benefits and risk of drinking coffee

c. Year published: _July 10, 2019
d. Date Retrieved: _ October 31, 2021
e. Website/ Database -https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/270202

Salient Points Gathered:

• This article looks at the health benefits and the risks of drinking coffee.
• Coffee beans also contain polyphenols, a type of antioxidant. Antioxidants can
help rid the body of free radicals, a type of waste product that the body naturally
produces as a result of a certain process.
• Consuming high amounts of caffeine may increase the risk of anxiety, especially
among people with panic disorder. Less commonly, it may trigger mania and
psychosis in those who are susceptible.
• Caffeine in coffee may help control movement in people with Parkinson's disease.
• One study from 2016 concluded that a high intake in of caffeine during
adolescence can lead to permanent changes in the brain. The scientists behind the
study expressed concern that this could increase the risk of anxiety related
conditions in adulthood.
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3. The JOURNALS/ PERIODICALS used are:

a. Name of Author(s): Surname, First Name, M.I.

__ -Nehliga, Astrid, -Davala, Jean-Luc, -Debry, Gérard

b. Title of the article: _ Caffeine and the central nervous system: mechanisms of
action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects

c. Title of Journal: _ Brain Research Reviews

d. Volume Number: _17
e. Year of Publication: __1992

Salient Points Gathered:

 Caffeine increases energy metabolism throughout the brain but decreases at

the same time cerebral blood flow, inducing a relative brain hypoperfusion.
 Caffeine activates noradrenaline neurons and seems to affect the local release
of dopamine.
 The effects of caffeine on learning, memory, performance and coordination
are rather related to the methylxanthine action on arousal, vigilance and
fatigue.
 Caffeine exerts obvious effects on anxiety and sleep which vary according to
individual sensitivity to the methylxanthine. However, children in general do
not appear more sensitive to methylxanthine effects than adults.

a. Name of Author(s): Surname, First Name, M.I.

-Van Handel, Peter J.

b. Title of the article: Effects of Caffeine on Physical Performance

c. Title of Journal: Journal of Physical Education and Recreation
d. Volume Number: 51
e. Year of Publication: 1980

Salient Points Gathered:

 There are numerous peripheral effects of caffeine stimulation as well as
increased alertness, decreased drowsiness, and a reduced sensation of fatigue.
 This may also account for altered perception of fatigue and changes in heart
rate.
 The metabolic effects of caffeine on metabolism are not completely
understood, but appear to be responsible for enhanced endurance
performance.

a. Name of Author(s): Surname, First Name, M.I.

PROCESS SHEET #12 Review of Related Literature
- Furlong, F.W.

b. Title of the article: Possible Psychiatric Significance of Excessive Coffee

Consumption
c. Title of Journal: The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
d. Volume Number: 20
e. Year of Publication: 1975

Salient Points Gathered:

 Caffeine withdrawal has been described in persons drinking five or more cups of
coffee daily. The major features are headache, malaise and drowsiness, lasting
one to two days
 heavy coffee users (five or more cups daily) describe a set of symptoms following
omission of morning coffee, consisting of irritability, inability to work effectively,
nervousness, restlessness, lethargy and headache.
 'caffeinism' in which a syndrome of low-grade irregular fever, insomnia, anorexia
and irritability was associated with the intake of 18 cups of coffee daily.
 psychoactive effects of coffee must consider the differences between abstainers,
light users and heavy users - heavy users appear to be least sensitive to insomnia
production and nervousness and most sensitive to euphoria production and they
tend to report the withdrawal syndrome

4. The STUDIES used are:

a. Title of the Study: Caffeine

b. Name of Researcher/s : Andrew Smith
Thesis ( ✔ ) Dissertation ( ) Published (✔ ) Unpublished ( )
c. School:
d. Year Completed: 2015
Problem of the Study:

• This study has reviewed the different effects of caffeine on mood, mental
performances, and sleep on people who consume coffee on a regular basis and
those who consume excessive amounts or very sensitive individuals.

Hypothesis/ Hypotheses:

• Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the effects of

amounts of caffeine that are normally consumed and those observed when
excessive amounts are ingested or when very sensitive individuals are studied.
• Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between the effects of
amounts of caffeine that are normally consumed and those observed when
excessive amounts are ingested or when very sensitive individuals are studied.

Methodology:
PROCESS SHEET #12 Review of Related Literature
• The researcher reviewed different previous studies examining the caffeine's
effects on mental performances, sleep, and mood.

Respondents: There were no respondents in the said study because it is a conceptual

review of previous researches

Findings:
• The researcher found out that all doses of caffeine affected cognitive performance
and that the dose–response relationships were rather flat. The effects were also
more marked in individuals with higher levels of habitual caffeine consumption
and that caffeine improved performance on a sustained attention task and
increased rated alertness when volunteers, on the study he reviewed, had been
caffeine deprived but had no such effects when they were no longer deprived.

Conclusions:
 The study concluded that there is a significant difference between the effects of
amounts of caffeine that are normally consumed and those observed when
excessive amounts are ingested or when very sensitive individuals. Moderately
consuming coffee can likely decrease the negative effects of caffeine and
Excessively consuming caffeine can lead to various problems to the human body,
appropriate information about these should be given to reduce its negative effects
on psychiatric patients and other sensitive groups.

The study is similar/different to my research problem in terms of the following:

• It is similar in terms of examining the effects of caffeine to the mental
performance of a person as well as mood and sleep.

a. The STUDIES used are:

a. Title of the Study: Caffeine Effects on Sleep Taken 0, 3, or 6 Hours before Going to
Bed
b. Name of Researcher/s : Christopher Drake, Ph.D., F.A.A.S.M. Timothy Roehrs, Ph.D.,
F.A.A.S.M, John Shambroom, Thomas Roth, Ph.D.

Thesis ( ✔ ) Dissertation ( ) Published ( ✔ ) Unpublished ( )

c. School: Henry Ford Hospital, Sleep Disorder and Reseach Center
d. Year Completed: 2013
Problem of the Study:
• The study was to determine if caffeine consumption at various times prior to bed time in
the home environment affects measures of sleep disturbance compared to placebo.
PROCESS SHEET #12 Review of Related Literature

Hypothesis/ Hypotheses:
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Methodology:
• This study compared the possible sleep-related disrupting effects of a fixed dose
of caffeine (400mg) given at 0, 3 and 6 hours prior to normal bedtime with that of
self-reported home sleep. Using a validated portable sleep monitor, sleep
disturbances were also objectively tracked.

Respondents:
 Participants were recruited from the Detroit tri-county area through local
advertisements. The study group comprised 12 healthy normal sleepers, as
determined by a physical examination and clinical interview, subjects with
insomnia were excluded.

Findings:
• The findings showed that a mild dose of caffeine at bedtime 3 hours before
bedtime, or 6 hours before bedtime each had a major effect on placebo-related
sleep disruption (p<0.05 for all).

Conclusions:
• The extent of the decrease in overall sleep time shows that caffeine taken 6 hours
before bedtime has major sleep disrupting effects and provides scientific sleep
support.

The study is similar/different to my research problem in terms of the following:

• This study focuses on the effects of sleep hours while our study focuses on how
the body stays active after caffeine intake.

a. The STUDIES used are:

a. Title of the Study: Caffeine: Cognitive and Physical Performance Enhancer or

Psychoactive Drug?
b. Name of Researcher/s : : Simone Cappelletti, Piacentino Daria, Gabriele Sani and
Mariarosaria Aromatario
Thesis ( ✔ ) Dissertation ( ) Published ( ✔ ) Unpublished ( )
c. School: Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic
Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy; NESMOS (Neuroscience, Mental
PROCESS SHEET #12 Review of Related Literature
Health, and Sensory Organs) Department, School of Medicine and Psychology,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

d. Year Completed: 2015

Problem of the Study:
• The problem of the study is if caffeine consumption can be used to enhance cognitive and
physical performances or can lead to intoxication when used as a psychoactive drug.

Hypothesis/ Hypotheses:
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Methodology:
• This conceptual review was conducted by including retrospective, prospective, and
transversal (i.e., cross-sectional) studies that examines caffeine’s mechanisms of action,
use, abuse, dependence, and intoxication, which could possibly lead to death.

• Respondents: There were no respondents in the said study because it is a

conceptual review of previous researches.
Findings:
• Caffeine, besides influencing cognitive performance, increases the perception of
alertness and wakefulness and sometimes induces anxiety, especially at high
doses. While the benefits of caffeine on cognitive functions remain under debate,
the anxiety-inducing effects are well documented in both animals and humans.
Caffeine actions are dose-related and divided into two broad categories: at lower
concentrations, caffeine stimulates the locomotor activity, at higher concentrations
it induces an anxiogenic-like effect.

Conclusions:
• Caffeine, like other psychoactive substances, can induce abuse and dependence.
Furthermore, caffeine, like alcohol and tobacco, is legally used, but, unlike the
last two, its sale in the form of high concentration drinks or tablets is not
controlled or restricted.

The study is similar/different to my research problem in terms of the following:

 This study similar in terms of cognitive/mental Performance.
 This study focuses more on the mental and physical performance as well as the
effects of caffeine intoxication while our study focuses more on the mental
performance of a person.