20 Best Anxiety Tools for Helping Your

Clients Cope
24 Dec 2021 by Laura Wells, DClinPsy 

Anxiety is part of our brain’s hardwired

threat response, which has helped humans survive for thousands of years.

We have all experienced anxiety at some point, whether it’s hearing a bump in the
night or preparing for an exam.

However, over-activation of the anxiety response can have a debilitating impact, and
anxiety difficulties are one of the most commonly presented mental health problems
(Stansfeld et al., 2016). Thankfully, there are many evidence-based anxiety
management tools available.

This article provides key information for practitioners, with over 20 helpful anxiety
tools to help clients cope with and overcome anxiety difficulties.

Before you continue, we thought you might like to download our three Strengths
Exercises for free. These detailed, science-based exercises will help your clients
realize their unique potential and create a life that feels energizing and authentic.

This Article Contains:

 What Is Anxiety According to Psychology?
 How to Cope With Anxiety and Worries
 10 Effective Anxiety Management Tools
 5 Helpful Grounding Tools for Adults
 A Look at Calming Breathing Techniques
 5 Anxiety Tools for Supporting Youth
 How to Measure Anxiety in Therapy
 4 Screening and Assessment Tools
 Resources From PositivePsychology.com
 A Take-Home Message
 References

What Is Anxiety According to Psychology?

Anxiety is a normal and adaptive emotional response, defined as feelings of distress,
worry, and physiological symptoms in the context of apprehensively anticipating
future danger or misfortune (American Psychological Association, 2013).

Anxiety is the activation of the body’s fight, flight, or freeze response, which is often
experienced as restlessness, trembling, poor concentration, sweating, heart
palpitations, shortness of breath, and irritability (Clark & Beck, 2011).

Although anxiety is a normal experience, it can become a problem when it exceeds

the reality of potential danger. This can lead to excessive fear, hypersensitivity to
threat, and unhelpful behavior change that impacts daily functioning (Clark & Beck,
2011).

Medical professionals can categorize these difficulties as anxiety disorders, such as

panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder (American Psychological Association,
2013).

Beck, Emery, and Greenberg’s (2005) cognitive theory suggests that anxiety
difficulties stem from an overestimation of danger and underestimation of coping
ability. In this theory, negative cognitions (e.g., predictions and appraisals) start the
vicious cycle of anxiety, triggering associated physiological responses and safety
behaviors (e.g., avoiding or escaping feared situations).

Although safety behaviors alleviate anxiety in the short term, they can lead to anxious
predictions never being challenged, which maintains or worsens anxiety in the long
term (Wells, 1997).

This brief TED Talk video introduces anxiety and the fight, flight, or freeze response.

How to Cope with Anxiety and Worries

Here are four steps for helping your clients cope with anxiety.

1. Psychoeducation

It is important to normalize anxiety initially and provide information about the brain’s
threat response (Donker, Griffiths, Cuijpers, & Christensen, 2009).
Normalizing anxiety helps to reduce a client’s sense of shame or feeling that there’s
something wrong with them (Welford, 2010). Here’s an example of an anxiety
psychoeducation video.

For further reading about psychoeducation, this article offers 48 Ways to Apply
Psychoeducation as a Coach, while our article Coaching for Anxiety offers podcasts
and techniques that you can use with your clients.

2. Anxiety monitoring

Keeping track of experiences of anxiety can help clients identify patterns of thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors. They can write down triggers or keep an anxiety diary as a
way to gain a deeper understanding of these patterns (Leahy, Holland, & McGinn,
2011).

3. Understanding maintenance cycles

Psychological formulation (Johnstone & Dallos, 2014) can help clients understand
maintenance cycles of anxiety (i.e., how their anxious thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors interlink to keep anxiety going). For example, the Cognitive-Behavioral
Therapy situational formulation cycle can be used as part of psychoeducation.

4. Building a toolkit of strategies

There are different types of tools that target different areas of the anxiety cycle.

Relaxation strategies calm bodily sensations, cognitive skills aim to shift anxious
thinking, and behavioral strategies help to reduce safety behaviors.
Different tools work for different people in different situations. It can be helpful for
clients to develop a written list or toolkit of strategies that work for them.

10 Effective Anxiety Management Tools

Here are 10 evidence-based anxiety management tools (adapted from Leahy et al.,
2011; Westbrook, Kennerley, & Kirk, 2011; Kennerley, 2014).

1. Controlled breathing

Controlled breathing aims to reduce physiological symptoms of anxiety by regulating

breathing. Controlled breathing involves breathing deeply into your lower abdomen
for four counts and out for six counts, repeating for at least a few minutes.

2. Progressive muscle relaxation

Progressive muscle relaxation aims to relax the muscles to ease the bodily sensations
of anxiety, such as muscle tension. You tense and relax each muscle group in turn,
working progressively throughout the body.

3. Calming imagery

Visualization is the idea of building an image in your mind of a calm, safe place (e.g.,
beach, forest, familiar place). This soothes the anxiety response and distracts from
anxious thinking (Hart, 2008; Welford, 2010).

4. Distraction

You can distract your brain from anxious thoughts by refocusing on another activity.
This strategy can also help clients feel empowered to use their existing strengths and
interests as helpful anxiety tools, for example, doing an enjoyable hobby.

5. Thought challenging

Thought challenging involves identifying evidence for and against anxious thoughts.
The aim is to weigh up this evidence and then reframe the thought as a more balanced
view of the situation, moving away from anxious predictions. Use this Questions for
Thought Challenging worksheet to get a balanced view on a situation.

6. Compassionate self-talk

Anxiety partly stems from self-criticism, such as believing that you do not have
the skills to cope (Welford, 2010).
Compassionate self-talk can help reduce anxiety and self-criticism. For example, “I’ve
coped before, I can get through this.”

7. Worry time

This involves allocating specific worry time (e.g., 5–10 minutes per day). If worries
pop up, these can be written down and saved until worry time. This reduces the
amount of worrying and rumination. Use our Worry Bank worksheet for further
practical guidance on this tool.

8. Behavioral experiments and graded exposure

These involve facing your fears by reducing safety behaviors. Behavioral experiments
involve writing down the initial anxious prediction, facing the feared situation, and
then reflecting on what actually happened.

This often provides evidence against the initial anxious belief. Use this Behavioral
Experiment to Test Beliefs worksheet to plan out experiments. Build up to facing
fears through graded exposure by breaking down the task into small steps.

This video animation explains how to build a graded exposure ladder.

9. Exercise

Physical activity can be an effective way to reduce anxiety levels. It helps burn off the
adrenaline caused by the fight, flight, or freeze response and serves as a distraction
(Kennerley, 2014) and also helps with sleep (Kredlow, Capozzoli, Hearon, Calkins, &
Otto, 2015).

10. Sleep

Feeling anxious can negatively impact sleep, and lack of sleep can mean a lower
threshold for feeling anxious. It is important to strive for a good night’s sleep, through
a relaxing bedtime routine, regular sleep pattern, and using other sleep hygiene
strategies.

5 Helpful Grounding Tools for Adults

 Grounding tools can help when someone is
feeling overwhelmed by anxiety about the past or future by bringing focus back to the
present (Peckham, 2021).

The following grounding strategies are drawn from Mindfulness-Based Cognitive

Therapy (Hofmann & Gómez, 2017) and trauma-focused interventions (Peckham,
2021).

1. Mindful breathing
This involves bringing your attention to your breathing, which refocuses your
brain away from anxious thoughts to solely attending to the present moment
and the physical sensations of the breath.
2. 5-4-3-2-1
This strategy helps you to connect to your environment using all senses. It
involves naming five things you can see, four things you can touch, three things
you can hear, two things you can smell, and one thing you can taste.
3. Grounding object
It can be helpful to carry a grounding object, such as a stone or fidget toy.
When anxious, you can hold the object and focus your attention on it, such as
the textures and colors, to bring your attention back to the present.
4. Ground through the feet
Place your feet on the ground and focus on the sensations this connection
brings. This simple tool aims to foster a sense of feeling centered, present, and
grounded to the earth.
5. Body scan
Bring your awareness to each part of your body in turn. The aim is to notice
different sensations in your body, either internally or how the body feels when
in contact with the external environment (e.g., touching a chair).

How to practice grounding for anxiety relief

Tip 1: Start with mindful breathing

Focusing on the breath can help to anchor you initially and lay the foundations for
other grounding skills.
Tip 2: Create a grounding box

Also called a self-soothe box, this pre-made collection of grounding objects and
reminders can make it easier to use grounding strategies when you’re very anxious. It
helps to have multi-sensory tools, for example, a grounding object or something
pleasant to smell/taste. You can also have written reminders of other grounding skills.

Tip 3: Be kind to yourself

It is normal for your mind to wander during mindfulness and grounding techniques,
and it is important not to fall into self-critical thinking.

We can use the mindfulness concepts of nonjudgmentally noticing when our mind
wanders and refocusing back to the grounding exercise. It may help to use a cognitive
defusion tool (Harris, 2009), such as seeing thoughts as leaves on a stream floating by
while doing mindful grounding. You can access the Leaves on a Stream exercise as
part of this free Mindfulness Tools pack.

A Look at Calming Breathing Techniques

Now that we’ve introduced how to do breathing techniques, let us explain why they
work from a biological and psychological perspective.

Biological changes

Fast, shallow breathing (associated with anxiety) can result in hyperventilation, which
disrupts the blood’s oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, leading to feeling faint and
dizzy.

Self-regulation of breathing helps to calm these fight, flight, or freeze physiological

anxiety symptoms (Jerath, Crawford, Barnes, & Harden, 2015), by allowing oxygen
levels to return to normal (Hazlett-Stevens & Craske, 2004).

Cognitive distraction and grounding

Mindful breathing helps with the cognitive effects of anxiety. Instead of focusing on
anxious thoughts, the mind focuses on the breath, helping to ground in the present and
shift focus away from anxious thoughts about the past or future.

Self-soothing and self-compassion

Focusing on the breath is core to compassion-focused strategies, such as soothing
rhythm breathing (Gilbert, 2009). This involves finding a breath rhythm that helps to
self-soothe when feeling anxious (Welford, 2010), with a focus on using self-
compassion if your mind wanders from the task. This helps to foster skills in
both self-soothing and self-compassion.

5 Anxiety Tools for Supporting Youth

The anxiety tools above are also effective for children. The key is to ensure that they
are adapted for age and developmental stage, such as by using different creative
formats like worksheets, videos, and apps.

Example ideas include our Deep Breathing for Kids worksheet, as well as this anxiety
psychoeducation video for kids.

When supporting children with anxiety, parents and carers play a vital role. Here are
five additional anxiety management tools for parents/carers to implement (Creswell &
Willetts, 2019):

1. Manage parents’ role in safety behaviors

Sometimes parents can unintentionally feed into children’s safety behaviors. It is

understandable that parents don’t want to see a child in distress; however, it is
important not to fall into the traps of safety behaviors such as avoidance, which can
make a child’s anxiety worse in the long term (Wells, 1997).

Parents can use tools such as graded exposure and set goals with their children to
reduce safety behaviors.

2. Manage reassurance-seeking behavior

Children often seek reassurance from adults when feeling anxious. Although parents
will naturally want to ensure the child is okay, too much reassurance can actually
make anxiety worse in the long term (Creswell & Willetts, 2019).

Instead of giving reassurance, it can help to empower the child to manage their
anxiety by using strategies from their toolbox.

3. Model positive anxiety management

Children observe adults’ behavior to learn what to be afraid of and how to cope.
Parents can try to model to children how they positively manage day-to-day anxiety
themselves.

4. Talk time

Parents can allocate a specific time to discuss worries with children. This helps to
reduce the amount of focus on worries and reassurance seeking, making them less
dominant in day-to-day life.

5. Encourage independence

Parents can help children overcome anxiety by empowering them to manage and
problem-solve anxiety-provoking situations themselves, to help build
independent coping skills.

It is also important to reinforce positive and brave behaviors using praise and rewards.

How to Measure Anxiety in Therapy

1. Creating a 0–10 anxiety scale can help the client measure and log anxiety
intensity between therapy sessions, as well as categorize anxiety levels in
different situations (Westbrook et al., 2011).
2. Anxiety diaries can be a helpful way for clients to keep a record of anxious
thoughts, feelings, and behavior, and to monitor change over time (Kennerley,
2014; Westbrook et al., 2011).
3. Goal-based outcomes (Law & Jacob, 2013) are therapeutic measures where
clients set goals around anxiety and then rate themselves weekly on a scale
from 1 to 10 on how close they are to reaching those goals.
4. Validated questionnaires for anxiety (see below).

4 Screening and Assessment Tools

These tools are open-access self-report

questionnaires to assess for anxiety across different client groups, based on
recommendations from Beidas et al.’s (2015) review of free outcome measures, as
well as from the United Kingdom’s Child Outcomes Research Consortium (CORC).

Adults:

1. General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, & Löwe,

2006). This seven-item questionnaire can be found at PHQ Screeners.

Adults with intellectual disability:

2. Glasgow Anxiety Scale for People with an Intellectual Disability (Mindham &
Espie, 2003). This 27-item tool is included in Mindham and Espie’s
(2003) original article.

Children:

3. Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (Chorpita, Yim, Moffitt,

Umemoto, & Francis, 2000). Both child and parent versions can be downloaded
from CORC.
4. Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1997). This 45-item scale
can be located on the SCAS website.

Resources From PositivePsychology.com

Here are some additional helpful anxiety worksheets for children:

 When I’m Scared

This worksheet helps parents speak to their children about their anxiety in a
structured, age-appropriate way, exploring triggers, thoughts, and bodily
sensations of anxiety.
 Draw Your Fears
This worksheet allows a child space to explore their anxieties by drawing their
worries. This is helpful, as some children experience anxious images, rather
than words, in their mind.
 My Body and My Worries
This worksheet explores bodily sensations associated with the fight, flight, or
freeze response, helping children learn about normal anxiety signs.
 17 Strengths-Finding Exercises
If you’re looking for more science-based ways to help others develop their
strengths, check out this collection of 17 strengths-finding tools for
practitioners. Use them to help others better understand and harness their
strengths in life-enhancing ways.
A Take-Home Message
Anxiety is a normal hard-wired threat response that our brain uses when it perceives
danger. However, our brain can sometimes take a “better safe than sorry” approach by
overestimating danger, which results in our fight, flight, or freeze response being
triggered too often. This is when anxiety can become problematic and when
therapeutic intervention may be recommended.

There is a range of evidence-based therapies and anxiety management strategies that

therapists can use to support clients. The key message is not to strive for the
impossible task of getting rid of anxiety, but rather to build strategies to manage it
successfully.

The aim of this article was to give practitioners a summary of the key advice and
strategies available for anxiety management. The hope is that this can be used to
foster clients’ confidence to use their inherent strengths and build new skills in order
to overcome anxiety difficulties and live the life they choose.

We hope you enjoyed reading this article. Don’t forget to download our three
Strengths Exercises for free.

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