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Wireless Sensors Application in Smart English Classroom Design Based on

Artificial Intelligent System

Article  in  Microprocessors and Microsystems · January 2021

DOI: 10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103798

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 Microprocessors and Microsystems 81 (2021) 103798

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Microprocessors and Microsystems

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/micpro

Wireless sensors application in smart English classroom design based on

artificial intelligent system
Shuwen Yin a, Dingyu Zhang b, *
, Dingxuan Zhang c, Hong Li d, e
a
Department of Foundational Education, Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, China
b
School of International Education & Exchange, Xingtai University, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China
c
China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 610000, China
d
School of Foreign Languages, Xingtai University, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China
e
Language Academy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T

Keywords: In the traditional English classroom teaching, learning efficiency of students is tend to be influenced by many factors, such as
Sensor technology the influence of learning environment, students’ own situation and teachers’ teaching mode. To solve these problems, this paper
Wireless sensor networks analyzes and discusses the teaching effect of an intelligent classroom teaching management system based on sensor and
Classroom teaching machine learning technology in English classroom. First of all, the system can monitor environmental changes such as light and
Artificial intelligent system temperature in the classroom through wireless sensors during teaching process, and help teachers make timely adjustments.
Intelligent classroom Secondly, it can also monitor the behavior of the students in the class, and use machine learning to process the collected data
management system and then convey the results to the teachers in time. Therefore the teacher will be able to make the necessary response in time
according to the students’ class status. The results show that adopting the intelligent teaching system, teachers can more easily
control the classroom environment changes, students’ state in class and other limiting factors to improve the teaching efficiency.

1. Introduction
Nowadays the artificial intelligent (AI) system has been making a lot of
changes to almost all the fields of the society. In traditional classrooms, the
learning efficiency of students is quite easily influenced by the environment,
teaching mode, and student’s own condition. For instance, when the
classroom is sweltering, students are likely to become restless and can’t study
any longer. Then someone is supposed to turn on the air conditioner and adjust
the room temperature. Besides that, when the classroom is dim, students may
cannot read the notes on the blackboard. And now there will be somebody who
has to turn on the lights in the classroom. However, if teachers themselves
manually operate the classroom equipment to establish an appropriate learning
environment, the progress of education will be interrupted.
In addition, for many universities and colleges, especially English
classrooms with many students, it isn’t easy to manage information of all the
students and manually checking student attendance will waste the teachers’ time
and energy to recognize and remember the students’ faces. So attendance
records is another issue which the teachers should pay attention to. The
traditional attendance system meet challenges as it is essential to speed up
decision-making mechanisms and minimize the potential for failure. Promoting
attendance systems with Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology will help
teachers manage their students in the class better. The current problem is that
student attendance management is still done manually partly. As a result,
teachers have to spend valuable time on identifying all the students whether
they have attended the class. In addition to the teachers’ attendance
confirmation, sometimes they choose to submit a student attendance form to the
students. This may waste the learning time of students. Signing errors also
occur frequently, and absent students may ask their friend to help to sign the
attendance sheet. Schools and universities where the Internet must cover all the
courses and the class should switch to an intelligent attendance system[1].
In one word, the efficiency of students’ learning is easily affected by
many external environment factors, such as the learning environment,
students’ own condition, and the teachers’ teaching mode. Based on the
intention of improving the participation of teachers and students in class, this
paper is trying to analyze and propose a new teaching model combined with
interdisciplinary technology, that is, wireless sensor network technology. In
other words, the intelligent classroom management system should be adopted in
order to improve the learning efficiency of English class.
Fig. 1 describes the intelligent classroom management system in detail.
First of all, the system can monitor environmental changes such as light and
temperature in the classroom through sensors during teaching, and make timely

* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: dingyuxt@126.com (D. Zhang).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103798
Received 29 November 2020; Received in revised form 19 December 2020; Accepted 26 December 2020
Available online 29 December 2020
0141-9331/© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
 S. Yin et al.
adjustments. Secondly, it can also monitor the behavior of the students in the
class, and use machine learning to process the collected data and then convey
the results to the teachers in time. Correspondingly, the teachers will be able to
make the necessary response in time according to the students’ class status.
The results show that adopting the intelligent teaching system, teachers can
more easily control the classroom environment changes, students’ state in class
and take other methods to improve teaching efficiency. The second step in the
system helps teachers switch between teaching modes smoothly to avoid
interfering the regular teaching process. Some researchers think that this
system should be designed with four teaching modes: blackboard, slides,
multimedia and breaks[2]. The sensor captures the third step of learning
behavior. The camera then predicts the learning behavior of the student. If a
student’s behavior is expected to be inadvertent or tired, feedback is sent to the
student and teacher so that the student can refocus on learning. Also, if
students are careless or tired, learning efficiency will decrease. This helps us to
alert or interact with students to restore attention. However, it is difficult for
teachers to pay attention to all the expressions of every student as they teach.
It’s even worse when teachers manually operate equipment in the classroom to
establish an appropriate learning environment, education is interrupted. In
recent years, with the maturity of sensor technology, it has become possible to
automatically control the environment, even monitor students’ behavior in
technically enriched English classrooms. [2]
2. Literature survey
With the popularization of network and the development of science and
technology, students have more and more ways to acquire knowledge, and the
place of acquiring knowledge is no longer just be fixed in the classroom, and
students have more learning methods. With all kinds of abundant network
resources, students can learn anytime and anywhere, and achieve the autonomy
and individuation of learning. The traditional educational environment requires
students to sit in a fixed position at a fixed time and listen to the teacher teach
the corresponding content. When the students are in bad condition, they must
also strictly follow the curriculum to learn knowledge. Certainly, this will
cause students feel uncomfortable, and then their learning efficiency must be
lowered down. Now students can use all kinds of resources to learn when they
are in good condition, they don’t need to study in a fixed time, or have to be in
a fixed position, students can choose to make their own environment
comfortable. This learning model is gradually replacing the traditional
classroom. However, it is not appropriate to use self-study blindly, because
this kind of learning is more similar to a kind of self-study, which can lead to
the difficulty in acquiring systematic knowledge for students. Therefore, we
should adopt a reasonable education model to solve this problem, which can
not only enable students to obtain good learning experience, improve learning
efficiency, but also have a comfortable environment that does not like the
traditional classrooms which limit students to small classrooms. [3]
In an intelligent manage system, we mainly monitor the environment of
students and classrooms through sensors. From a relevant point of view, using
sensors to monitor is more appropriate than using a camera video to monitor.
The data monitored by the sensor is more immediate and more convenient,
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Microprocessors and Microsystems 81 (2021) 103798
which is the advantage of the rapid development of the Internet. The use of
sensors for monitoring can be better popularized in various fields, especially in
education and health care. Further more, there are some differences between
individual behavior and group behavior. Some researchers hold a firm position
that machine learning can grasp these differences, analyze and identify users’
behavior based on collected data. What’s more, there have been related studies
show that the behavior of people captured by the sensors can monitor people’s
health and monitor the efficiency of learning. At present, with the development
of wireless technology, wireless sensor technology has reached a more mature
level, it can be used in may related fields. Many wireless sensors can be used
in our daily life and connect many problems in our lives to the network.
Therefore, a conclusion can be drawn that applying wireless sensors to the
classroom can also promote the interaction between each student and teacher,
and finally improve the learning efficiency and enthusiasm of students.
Besides that, the way students interact with others in class is no longer the
only[4], the interaction will be more flexible and interesting.
As to the most of traditional teaching classroom, if the teachers manually
adjust the learning equipment to create a good teaching environment, it will
occupy the classroom time and lead to the interruption of classroom education.
In addition, if the students themselves are in a state of fatigue, then the
efficiency of students’ learning will be greatly reduced. Using this
management system can make students interact, improve their enthusiasm and
ensure their concentration. Teachers cannot monitor students’ status anytime
and anywhere in class, but this management system can observe students’
behavior through sensors in the classroom. [2]
The Internet must cover all areas of schools, and universities should switch
to intelligent attendance systems. Personnel management is one of the most
challenging problems in an organization. Keeping traditional paper or records
for attendance is another issue that causes complexity to traditional or manual
attendance systems. Many universities and colleges employ non-academic
staff to confirm students’ attendance. This consumes time rather than the
resources that need to be updated from time to time such as the papers and
spaces to hold these attendance records. [1]
The classroom in modern society is not only managed and maintained by
teachers alone, but should be managed more easily. Using some parameter
training models, machine learning is used to detect the environmental
parameters of the classroom to manage the classroom environment. The
equipment in the classroom should also be adjusted to make students feel
comfortable and comfortable, and should not be a factor that affecting
students’ learning. As a result, it is necessary to design a real-time classroom
monitoring system, and there are many design schemes [5] to solve this
problem. No matter what kind of scheme we adopt, our aim is to enable
students to acquire knowledge better. These systems should also be more
perfect to better apply to students’ study. Design of this system often takes
days or weeks to complete, which includes a variety of technologies and some
digital technology processing and so on.[6]
Existing observation methods of evaluating teachers, such as CLASS
(Classroom Assessment Scoring System), are manually coded by trained
professionals after observing multiple classes. However, the process for a
professional from training to observation and evaluation is tedious, labor-
 S. Yin et al. Microprocessors and Microsystems 81 (2021) 103798

demanding and costly. Therefore, finding objective indicators related to the

CLASS dimension and extracting them efficiently and quickly will help
develop the teacher’s professional skills and reduce teachers’ turnover time. [7]
The recommender system [8] should work with the help of teachers. The
recommendation system of proposed teaching style can understand the
students’ needs in the class according to the input data and propose the most
effective teaching method for the teachers. This system also helps teachers
effectively enhance the teaching effect within all the limits of the existing
education system. In the future, this system can be extended beyond
engineering to improve the overall education system.
Micro classrooms have already developed into the current trend of online
course sharing, communicating and learning model. Through sharing network
resources and widespread participation, Micro classrooms has broken through
traditional teaching methods and made breakthroughs in educational
development. The Mu curriculum in college education is also developing
rapidly, especially in developing English micro-courses at vocational
universities. Learning English through extensive interaction and resource
sharing needs to complement the characteristics of the micro class. Therefore,
there are overall prospects for developing English education in colleges of
technology, leaving room for continuous innovation[9]. From this trend of
development, the traditional classroom teaching will meet many challenges,
3. Materials and method
and we teachers should adapt quickly to the new intelligent manage system to
improve the teaching effect. 3.1 Environmental management system
The criteria of evaluation are often diversified, and we should evaluate the
effect of classroom teaching in universities from a variety of aspects. We Fig. 2 above is the control flow chart of the environmental management
should make a detailed standard on the effect of college English class-room system. After the system is turned on, the sensor will start to measure the
teaching, so we are supposed to analyze all the factors that affect the efficiency intensity of light and actual temperature in the classroom at one time, and
of classroom teaching. [10] record the actual time at the same time. When the intensity of light is lower
Many universities have already provided various kinds of sport facilities than the set value and the time is less than the set value as well, the light in the
for students, teachers and other staff. However the students are too many to classroom will be turned on by wireless remote control through the wireless
use the facilities at the same time. Then the students and teachers must wait to network module. Based on the same principle, the temperature sensor in the
use the facilities in turn. People’s body need proper exercises, but not everyone classroom will also monitor the actual temperature in the classroom at the
can afford to have a professional trainer to teach them how to exercise. same time. When the temperature is higher than the set value and “t ”is also
Therefore, the classroom management system with wireless sensors can be higher than the set value, the air conditioner will be turned on by wireless
used to monitor the facilities while students and teachers use them. [11] remote control.
Similarly, these datasets offer a variety of different machine learning
techniques with different capabilities. With this in mind, the study of machine 3.2 Teaching management system
learning has two main goals. The first is to determine the validity of time and
process-level information and traditional indicators as a function of machine The second module in Fig. 3 below is the teaching management system. As
learning prediction models. The second is to determine if the type of machine shown in Fig. 3 below, this module is composed of several cameras and
learning technology use affects predictive performance in a classroom computers in the classroom. In the process of teaching by teachers’ multimedia,
environment that contains computer-based data. [12] the module can switch pictures from multiple angles at any time to observe
Wireless sensor networks are widely used in almost every field, including students in lectures, and record videos and audios of the teaching contents.
military,agriculture, medicine, and mining. To be sure, the increase in the English class is a language-learning class. The requirements for language
number of spectrum users has increased the amount of data communication performance such as listening and conversation are highly demanded. The
and made life more comfortable. Therefore, due to multiple applications, the recording and playback functions of the system can record various teaching
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has imposed specific rules and activities in the classroom, which is very important for teachers to change
restrictions. This limitation causes a shortage of spectrum. Much research is teaching methods in the classroom and help students to review learning and
underway to find the best solution to the spectrum shortage problem. The consolidate what they have learned. Besides that, the content of teachers’
primary user is the licensed user, and the secondary user is the user not have lectures can also be watched from the Internet by using external devices such
the license to access the spectrum. These licensed users can access this part of as mobile phones, iPad, laptop, desktop computer, etc. through remote video.
the spectrum to send and receive data, but other users cannot access these parts This module provides great convenience for students’ long-distance learning
of the spectrum even if it is not occupied . [13] and the school’s teaching management.
To address the complexity of hardware design optimization, began to
resolve this issue by estimating the hardware components’ area and their
underlying firmware. To achieve this goal, use a variety of machine learning
algorithms to make predictions. The novelty described here relies on the RTL
generation framework to collect data samples from an abstract specification
and use an ML algorithm to train the collected data to estimate the area. [14]

3
 S. Yin et al. Microprocessors and Microsystems 81 (2021) 103798

Fig. 5. Wireless sensors classroom learning module

4. Result and discussion

3.3 Students’ behavior management system
4.1 Students' recognition of intelligent management system
The third module is the students’ behavior management system. As shown
in Fig. 4 above, the function of this module is to monitor students’ hand It can be seen from Table 1 that, on the whole, most students highly
approve this system. In the column of teaching efficiency, we can see that
movements by using sensors, to analyze the data by using artificial intelligence
68.9% of students think this system is helpful to improve teaching efficiency.
machine learning, and to send the analyzed results to teachers in time. Teachers
The dissidence in the second column here is not too obvious. In the column
can’t carefully observe every movement of all the students in the classroom all
"To enhance the learning effect of this module", 77.7% of the students think
the time. However, through this module, teachers can easily confirm students’
this class mode is better than traditional class mode.
positive reaction to the teaching content. For example, when teachers ask
questions, the students actively raise their hands to answer questions; or when
Table 1 Students’ recognition of intelligent teaching system
students feel tired, they hold their chin; or when they play with mobile phones,
draw pictures and other actions that have nothing to do with the teaching Item Strongly Not No Satisfied Strongly
content. The sensor of this module is acceleration sensor, and the system flow Description dissatisfied satisfied opinion satisfied
chart is as follows. The system can provide data collection from multiple nodes,
To improve the 2.2 4.4 24.4 40 28.9
and the collected data can be transmitted to the computer by wireless network efficiency of
module, and the data can be analyzed based on the Train and Test of machine classroom
learning. Fig. 5 above shows the situation in which students answer the question teaching.
by wearing a sensor on the waist. All the data collected by the sensors and all To have more 2.2 24.4 28.9 24.4 20
the analyzed information can be seen on the screen which put on in the front of opportunities
for language
the classroom. practice.
To be more 0 6.7 15.6 53.3 24.4
3.4 Questionnaire survey satisfied with
the learning
Through the questionnaire survey, the researchers of this paper analyze the effect of this
results of the questionnaire survey, and analyze the recognition degree as well mode.
as satisfaction degree of the classroom intelligent system. This study comes to
a conclusion that the intelligent teaching management system can improve the
students’ learning efficiency through the feedback from students and teachers.

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 S. Yin et al. Microprocessors and Microsystems 81 (2021) 103798

5. Conclusion

Fig. 6. Comparison of satisfaction
4.2 Satisfaction of the intelligent management system
As it can be seen from Table 2, the students are quite satisfied with this
teaching mode, which can indicated from the degree of satisfaction up to
68.9%. This provides a basis for the promotion of intelligent teaching system.
Only by meeting the needs of students and other users, this system can be
widely used
4.3 Comparison of satisfaction
From the Fig. 6 above, we can see that students, teacher and university are
quite satisfied with this intelligent teaching management system. Therefore to
some extent, it can be concluded that this system is feasible and useful, thus it
can be popularized in smart English classroom.
4.4 Gender difference in satisfaction degree
Table 3 shows that the average satisfaction degree of male is 4.13, that of
female is 3.66, and that of T-value is 1.45. From the result, we can conclude
that satisfaction of male is higher than that of female.
4.5 Satisfaction of Network Rate
The development of science and technology not only affects all aspects of
people’s daily life, but also affects students’ classroom learning environment.
This trend of development has brought a great challenge to the traditional
classroom teaching, and what’s more, it puts forward more innovative teaching
possibilities.
At present, the research and application based on MCU, embedded
technology, the Raspberry Pi and other modern technologies have made great
progress. We can see these related technologies everywhere in our daily life.
Artificial intelligence is a new subject developing in a fast speed in recent
years. It not only needs the support of theory and programming such as
machine learning and deep learning, but also needs the supporting of sensor
components that can obtain more information from the outside world.
This paper discusses and analyzes an intelligent teaching management
system. Experiments show that this management system is feasible and reliable.
Students can learn freely in a good learning environment and interact with
teachers and other students in time. Unfortunately, the students’ behavior
recognition sensors used in this paper is an acceleration sensor, which can only
obtain information about the movement of students’ hands. In order to obtain
the relationship between students’ behavior and teaching status in a better way,
we believe that face recognition technology, machine learning and reliable
transmission system should all be taken into consideration. Especially for the
teaching mode in which dozens of students participate at the same time, more
technologies are supposed to applied to identify students’ behavior based on
units per second, and analyze whether students are tired or distracted. In
addition to the programming technology of sensors and artificial intelligence,
the intelligent classroom teaching management system also needs the support
of wireless network transmission technology.
Nowadays, the rapid development of 5G and 6G technology will bring us
many possibilities and it is truly expected to be popularized and applied on a
large scale in the future.
Declaration of Competing Interest
We declare that we do not have any commercial or associative interest that
represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted.

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S. Yin et al.
Shuwen Yin is a master of literature graduated from Hebei
University in 2011 and a lecturer working in Xingtai Medical
College. Her research interests include translation theory and
practice, English teaching, and intercultural communication
and has published more than four papers.
Dingyu Zhang is a PHD graduated from the Kookmin University
(South Korea) in 2012 and a lecturer, working in Xingtai Uni-
versity. Her research interests include culture transmission and
new media and published more than seven papers.
View publication stats
Microprocessors and Microsystems 81 (2021) 103798
Dingxuan Zhang is a PHD, graduated from China University of
Geo-sciences, Beijing. She is now working at the University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her main research direction is
cross-cultural communication. She has published more than six
papers.
Hong Li is a Ph.D candidate of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
majoring in Cultural & Intercultural Communication. She is a
professor working in School of Foreign Languages, Xingtai
University. Her research interests include cultural, intercul-
tural communication and foreign language teaching. She has
published more than 20 papers and three books.