Precedent Site Analysis Simulation (Ladybug)

Precedent : Bruck Passive House Hotel

Architects: Peter Ruge Architekten
Area: 600 m²
Year: 2014
Location: Huzhou, China
Function : Hotel (residential) https://www.archdaily.com/569638/passive-house-bruck-peter-ruge-architekten-2
https://www.architonic.com/en/project/peter-ruge-architekten-passive-house-bruck/51031
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https://archello.com/project/passive-house-bruck
Hourly graph of Temperature Monthly graph of Temperature

The minimum temperature is -19 while the highest is 28 degrees celcius

Hourly graph of Humidity Monthly graph of Humidity

The minimum humidity is 14% while the highest is 100%

Monthly graph of wind speed

Hourly graph of wind speed

The minimum wind speed is 0 m/s while the highest is 25 m/s

Effect on Building
The temperature can reach 28
degree celsius,
My building precedent has an
emphasis on protecting from the
sun. It uses terra cotta covered
facade to help decrease the heat
(as terracotta has high thermal
mass, and can absorb the heat
efficiently)
Although the building itself doesn’t
have any response towards
humidity specifically.
Whilst for the wind speed
and direction, it’s effect on
the building is how the
south side of the building is
the one that gets most
wind. It responded with its
many openings, to let air
circulate naturally through
the rooms
Sun Path skydome

Psychometric Wind rose

Effect on Building
My building precedent has an emphasis on protecting from the sun. It responded towards the sun path by making its long axis has a north south
orientation.This way, the whole building can get the most amounts of sun during winter. In summer, the rooms are protected by the overhang, whilst
at winter, the building gets the winter sun (as it has a lower angle)

summer winter

The direction of the wind is also ideal and effected the orientation of the building. In which the ideal wind came mostly from the south and north side
The sun radiation come mostly from the south, that’s why
the solar panels on the building all faced towards the south,
as its also the long axis of the building
Looking at the psychometric chart, after i checked the strategies, it increases the comfort level to 55 %. This means that with
the right passive and active design, this building has the potential to be comfortable even in china’s harsh summer/winter.

Although the comfort overall is increased, there are still some months in china’s 4 seasons that are generally uncomfortable.

-Spring (march-may) and autumn (october-november) is generally more comfortable, temperature often reach about 10-23
degrees celsius, with humidity reaching 30-55 %.
-Winter is also comfortable, although not as much as spring and autumn
-While the Summer (june-august) is the most uncomfortable

My understanding from these analysis is that the architect main concern is to let as much people as possible have an equal amounts of comfortable experience
in each of their units. The challenge he faced are the four seasons, in which temperatures can be uncomfortable cold, or hot.
View Study
 The percentage here is focused on
how much of the SOUTH side view
that the
building is getting, which because
there is no building/other structures
in front of it,
the front side of the building gets
100 % level. While the sides behind
that get
lesser view

greeneries road buildings

 Direct Sun Hour

The percentage shows that the front top side of the building is the one The east and west are less
that is exposed to the sun the longest. This is because the building is exposed compared to south,
oriented towards the south, and because in china (northern hemisphere), because its only when the
the sun rise would come from the south. sun rise and sun set
Incident Radiation

Receive most amounts of light = most amounts of energy → the roof top
As china is in the northern hemisphere, the sun rise came
mostly from the south during the day, thus making the long
axis of the building exposed to the most heat

From the east and west side, the

short side of the building is not
exposed to the sun that long (only
in sunrise and sunset)
 N

As the sun came mostly from the south during the day, the
There is also other buildings behind the site, although north facing part of the building receive much less heat
doesn’t provide significant effect, as it is quite far
 Outdoor Comfort

From here we can see that in china, the 3 months of summer is the hottest temperature
 Indoor Comfort

From here we can see that in china, the only neutral/warm pmv is
during the summer (in morning and evening). Although there are also
mush more hot temperature during summer as well. Other seasons
such as spring, winter, and autumn, generally have cooler overall
temperature According to the globally recognized standard ASHRAE 55, the thermal
limit for maximum comfort is between -0,5 until 0,5 (this means its at
neutral). We can see in china, its quite rare to reach the neutral zone

https://www.simscale.com/blog/2019/09/what-is-pmv-ppd/
Annual Daylight

From this mapping on the geometry, its

showed how the windows play an important
role in providing light as equal for as much
rooms as possible

From this mapping on the geometry, its

showed how the windows play an important
role in providing light as equal for as much
rooms as possible
Single Family Energy

As china is in the northern hemisphere

(and a 4 season country), its focused
on calculating the energy usage for
heaters.

The load supply energy is at its lowest

on the many windows of the building,
as the openings mean it can get the
summer and winter sun (lowering the
need on heating in that specific area)
 In terms of heat, 3 seasons generally need
38-54 kWh (with winter needing the most) for
active heating system. While the summer
needs no such energy spent on heating

As we can see from the graph, the temperature in china

throughout the year is generally colder (-19 until 16
celsius) accept for summer months.
So the energy spent on active cooling system is much
lower compared to heating (the only time the cooling
system is more important is during the summer.
Active System
hot humid
stale air
heat pump
hot humid
fresh air

balanced ventilation
system

the ventilation system would distribute the air

using a fan, to all the rooms.
then, after the air is used by people (talking,
doing activities), the hotter air would rise, and
sucked into the vacuum, which then sent to the
outside as hot humid stale air
Conclusion
The building physics strategy in this building is centered mainly around keeping the temperature the same even in the
hottest summer or in the coldest winter.

The passive/natural system can be seen in the general form of the building itself. Its oriented towards the south to get the
most amounts of sun (whilst having balconies on all the windows and a terracotta facade to protect the summer heat). Its
focused on reducing the effects of the climate naturally, without the help of machines.

Although the architect also understands that passive system is not enough, so its active/built environment of the building is
created to support the passive system.

The things that can be improved in this building may lie in its lack of vertical cooling. Because even though it doesn’t need
cooling much of the year, it still needs it during summer (thus the need for active mechanical system). The building mass
itself is very thick, thus simple horizontal wind that came from the window might not reach the deeper part of the building.
Adding vertical voids that goes straight from the top to bottom to let hot air rise and cool air in, creating a stack effect, may
help in cooling the building more passively, and save more energy.