Islam Alikaj Dr. Murat Dervishi ANALIZA MATEMATIKE Pir studentét e Fakulteteve Ekonomike Durrés 20101. Alikaj dhe M. Dervishi ANALIZA. MATEMATIKE, (Per student e Fakuteteve Bkoncmie) Redahtor honor Prof Dr Parashasvi Reape Prof, Dr. Agim Bartulla “Maser ni ekonomi: tx Gotemi Realtor ltrar Hosan Ulgin,shkeimtar Pana né hompister ‘Mirela Neita "Beanie Gla ISBN: 978-99956-93-13-8 risa ‘Dirané Shaip@-t Kushtuar Universitetit “Aleksandér Moisiu” Durrés Parathénie Rjesa_mé e maihe ¢ léndéve gé zhuiliohen né fahultetet chonomike hérhojné n€ ményré te domosdoshme njohuri nga “Algjebra Lineare” dhe “Analizsa Matematik” pér funtesionel me ay dhe dy nitryshore Meqendse ky. tekst i affobet Jayesitht studenthve «@ Universitetit “Aleksander Moisiu” Durrés, to cilét "Algjebrén” © ané onde. te detyrueshme, ne e pam th arsyoshme gé né lendén “Matematika 1°18 asqyrojme vet "Analizin’ Matematike” basi njohuste bi “Algiebrén Lineare” jané marré nga teksti “Algjsbrés” mo njo meterial rath 100 fag. Mendojme se ky tokst labas studentive 1 Fakultet Ekonomik t@ ‘U.AMD i shérben dho studentéve 1 universtetove Uf ene te cat kan program ts nglashém me kite universitet. Yes kaj libsindihmon go lexues qi kérkon #8 waerénjohwri né Hendin 4 tradcionalisht quhet Analiza Matematike 1, [Ndryehe nga rruga traivionale ku programet mésimore paragiten né dy ‘bra, nj pérteorin o Hots pdr usherimet, sigurisht duke basuat ne sksperiencat © Evropee Peréndiciore dhe atyre Amerikane, iy tekst hes # dyanshom, domethen’ student muk ka revoje pér thst Geter, pérvesatyre g Jetor! ju rekomandon et itareture 1Né edo kapitull jemi munduar te beimé lidhjen mb te mits organike rdérmjet koncepleve dhe pokimeve nepirmjct shun ushirimeve te ‘gidhura. Mendojmé se raporti midis teoremave véetetuara me ato t# pavirtahiara dah ants, mbaci mu: lea toprim tz ajeanelien, ‘Sludenti né gdo teme mésimore ndeshet me ushteime te zajidhura dhe pt pund 1 pavarur, ¢ sérish je pjesb kétye Ws fandit and te agjdbura nga ana joné, Veg lea} né fund e& odo leu hemi shtuar “ushtrime pér vetékontrol?’, mo qéllim 8 studetti tt ket® peshoren © pérveldsimit ta njohurive & mosuareMe galimin e mix Us mosteprimit, rot 6% o vluit to kit kat @ Jesyesuht nt tre kapitut e pare i Tustzhet zbatimit 9 Koncoptove © pobimeve t meeuara ne ekonomi ‘Ne mendsime ee jo pr student fot jth a@ ndihmect © omar a lonceptetekanomike 1) shahin me ne nivel me vo avancuar. Giithashts students dot parapergatitet pir linden © Matomatikés sé shatnar dhe nd até td Matematies aneaee [cht ko rape a8 krone trets,Funksionct me hurd ndryshors” 6 Tem trajuane me imbésaht sete Ket, mbes ashe diet 8 seh mea the tregvestKryesoré: (8 ardhurat, lostja dhe Siml dhet hagushieisht me dy Gee, Perse pirketushisimeve pdr pund @ paver, ne ¢ pai t ageshme 96 mos Ue jepien péeligie, mbavi raga 2sidhjex wt tyre Get ket © jit me at a abidhura nga ana jn. ‘Vem kemi bese votam pér lreun VI "Ekustonst diferenciala” bs stadentattakohon per here paré me Ket oj cluacionesh, ndrythe ner alo algebrks. Pir véstotinir © pahimeve oso teremave Komi fgteshetuar ményrén klasike mo ato rea, ose kris {ihn boonhae ne plxvokin analoge dina universteteve bashiikshore (2 funksionoiné ne pexputhje me konventeneBolones, ‘Kemi bindjen eo toke i pérmbar ts qjhe clementat chkencore (2 ‘nevojshén er pdovim no Jonds te ndryshmet&ckonomist. Bund hye jemi mundusr port gene s0-m % luptueshém, pir ahonien fate ekuptimev, ashts dho é vtatmin e pohimeve de ‘hatimeve te tyre, Mendoj ae ibe anon sbumie favor t eeudentit Dér Us plrvetssuar aa me aakto dhe sa me ebpojt programin © Matomatikse 2 {Githaehta Inkior « cidomes leks ¢ rin) and shud #8 thoshte tmisimahinion © hea) inde, abel né gdo tame msimore, pohim, Koncept apo alikim, tet me nj gah shumné 8 gasta matemaiske Felenderaje gjitht mig shokte che kelegé tane gf na mbeehtetine pérkrahin per 2 shiruar Atte tes: mésimor, Falenderojmt né mnyee (i vecantardaltorst eleneare Prof. Dr. Parashgew raps, of Ds. Agin Dll ‘Mastr nelnond Ela Golem, ‘dhe edaloria ase, ablmtarn epublica near 2 Hasan UIs stort Dareé 12052010, 13 a 1s 1 n 2a oa 25 26 an 28 210 eae 238 au m a a2 a8 Punk PPRMBAITIA int wash “uaa emmrav elt Pinkaon real f(2) neni ndyehoves Fusisant @ebpekin meen namo Void unksonee rele y= f(¢) Vergo numerk Limi vagut iti faiionit FRrahesimi i unksioneve pm Vashduechiéraefksonit ‘etekcno prea «pars [Njehsimi difereneiat uptiosderivatt fkalone roll divi uptinghomeriki devi, Deviate eneve tla Diferenei faksoni ‘Teoma therseloret nent diferencia pl unions f(x) wee Formula Teilrt ormatepasakiuara, Reepula eLapitalit isttomunet funni ne nj interval bf upto canon dasvai & fanksionis (2) Porkulsbdsia evi. Phat einedsinit Asimptntatvarthale dhe penta Studimiifomksonit me nimén e devivaieve ‘Vethontol pe rene dy Fumksionet me sham ndryshore [Noha pergithhme. Parkins Limit dhe vazhdueshéria 0 fankainit me dy adyshore Detivatet pesshme de dfrenilfunesiont med eyshore Bhatrrmizet e anksinit me dy ndryshor a e @ * a 10 no 208 aatine nt etonom 36 Vetkontallperkren ete 1V,_Incegraltj pacaktuar 41h fin’ de intpali paeaktar 412 Intgrin dette, achat at tele enegrtove 48 agri me metotin extvendsinit {LA Tntgrimime plow 445. fankaonove {5 Inve Sunken name {27 Vetlontolparkreun ekert ‘Ye Integral eakeuae 54. Pekan integra tan spas Rianit 52 Baskin efunksinove eintegrucshn 5a Ves itegralittecksa 5a Tecate Torgl de formula e Maton Tait BE Unger sinter ear (6 Tatgeale ot et pc pane det astb 537 Nibsieprings a igure Pane 158 Nha wll top te etait 58 Vettel pi kzeunspste VI, Bhuacionet difereacialé 2 Nihon te ington pr laine diferencilé 2 Bhancioet lorena trend port me viable inte 63 Bkoncionet ern Hamas 1 ond part - (6:4 Bhuneione! diferenal naar rend pt oats ‘eoeanth 65 Veena ps kreun ozoshie Vi, Series FA Sori mameribe 12 Seth meters positive A Sent nomerse me temat® grtdectine 74 Seri plore 71 Pantie evra pliariale "16 ltkontell pr kreun eat a 6 253 oar 80 on om m8 a6 mm ad aa 66 wer a om = «00 KREU I FUNKSIONI. LIMITE. VAZEDUESHMERIA & 1.1. Bashkésia e numrave realé 1 Bashtsia ¢ nusrave realé ® mund 46 ndistohet duke u bazar né Dashkésing © nuinrave matyrore {123.0%} 5 sipas peae érkufisimevst& miposhtine, Pérkufisim 3. Bashitsis ,-Wf0} quhot bashkési e agjeruar « bashkésisé ot numrave nator, esha, MLZ mech Pérkutisin 2 Bashkisia 2-00, kas Vf rma tlt, Kemi, 2={.0-3 sree BQ) quhot bashksi ¢ 1023.0} Pérkeugisin 3. Bathe 2-2 fore ton} geht astsi « mommve secon Te ie git numzave ge nuk mud te shivuen nétraitin oh 007 dhe bew, quit bachkes ¢ aumraveinracionall2 Pankaion Limit, Varhdueshméria Pérleufizim 8, Basbkisin R= 70 quhet bess ¢ mumeave real Sipas pavinit tof tetée¢ paaehtuar, meqé oo numér real mund te skruet one uk mund 18 sbirubet né trjtén 2, kn 262% 0 be, themi so né bashkdsin’ numrave realé ® nuk ka numra tte pbrves numrave racionalé dhe iacional TBaiteerendesishie te dim se seehiiia numaveroalé a dy vet thelbore. Vetia INatrinjet go dy numrave real ka njé pafundsi numrash racionalé ‘dhe np pafundési numrachsrasonalé (jo baht vein. dendasia 9 bashlssist 2) Vetin 2 TBashkésin X nuk mund @ agjesobet me nomra t8vinj, dmth, nB ® alc ka vende osh, (Gio eats vata vazhdueshmriss ® bashksist x) a, ‘Teoria mi veprimat alisbike nd dhe vetiti ¢ kets veprimesa, bishtett né 18 tksioma 6 ndara né tei grupe, si dhe né 15 ‘riedhimet porkatare t hityre ssiomave, Grup) i paré i shénuar soe smbotin (6) pérmben 4 alsiomat ¢ bldg te shemuara me simblot. 4,5 425 Asi Ae Aexohen: 4, aksioma e parée rapt ta pare t)) ‘Ay Wlas)eR > [esd)eR — Absiomae mbledhjes ‘ui vlajeR > aebedea Aksoma e ndérrimit Ai YoeeR > (as8)+enaa(ore) Alcsoma e shogezimit o mbledhjes Ac Mgsen > ebsiston njé numérivetam sekfors=b Acsionna A, dots thot: shuma eqde dy nuorave rele, @shté murder ret 8 WD Funksions Limi. Vazhdveshiésia Alsioma 4, quot aksioma e arts, Kjoaslomé sguron ekistncén ‘elementit en qe peraktonnhryshesén b-a= ‘Kate rjedhimet« Grupit 8 parét aksionavo 1 aed = arenbe 2. areabec = ° B Wek gveek 3 Osanavdnw A veeRHo)eR > ata GGrupii yee (G,) poemben 5 aksionate stumérimit Ac Vaslek > aber ‘Aksionan © ehumézimit Ay Matle® 3 bebe ‘Aksioma e nderinit Ay Wabcek 3 (abjena(be) Absioma eshoqdvinite shumésimit Ag Veblen a80 = 2reRJaxeb — Alsioma e pestinit Au VabeeR > e(bec)mo-beare Alcioma e plrdasise Alcsioma 4, sigur ckzistencén eclemenit re 4 péreakton ku oe0. en Katie rjedhimet haiomave t grupt tb dt (G)) Last = eube 2 gerber ced 5 3 0-0-0 4 Sle eevee Seton Grapi tet (G)péemben 4 absiomat exauites Ay: MabeR — => ach ht ae vita oe i gabuar Ag acbabes = ace Ae 0 nacb = aeebe ‘Shtatejedhimet e sksiomave 6 grupite#tets (6) Lash (e8)v (ent) poutiv = 930 (C4" Gahté md emadhe se zero) Ye" nagativ <> a0 (Ce Gahtl mi e voptl se zero) 6. “e* jopozitiv. «950. ('a"me e vogé ose barex me zero) TL" jonegativ & e20 Catméemadhe ose haraz me zor) mm. ate i domotdorhérm familinrsini me nénbachhiité« mapochtme ts baad 1. PelueNfeeael, kem)=fl35.) 1 -foeohes9) 16 i =[oenies0)>}-20) 18 we afoen20) [ace enfse0)=|-ndh loos enls>9}-foomt 18 Rafsenineo) foal 19 [edjolveRlozr20) jusfeveRfoce -asese, 030 a, fsa eo ke-avesa, a0 2. fhe oe 2 Ms Vertetimi pir 16 dhe 22 26.Te vite on fete a7 eR Lerdays0ax y>dabrferye| sepse #305 4|8, 950% y=) BxcdayeO-plenn pf=-y dhe xy>0 Por ey>0=9fol=e-y=-b1-b0 “bil Rerdaycdahlen pvseald, ~ Por x ycdafeyfe-er(a)=Hbd Baratimet 1, 2,3, virtetsind ee exist Marek I 22,70 vrais monbresini J lei 1. Sipe mosharaini 21 skrun ~Byedfsla-doX}=[-lsle-d] 0) 2 afo-e}ed=b(o-s}ealsh-(a-b}+e “leAsh fle So a-f Spar mesberasinit When: —ecxee hice 4. Mosbarazimet (0), () 2 —e-Hsk4- so cof-bleh- Sipae mosbarazimev a @ o @ w 1) Funksioni. Limit, Vaxhducshmcla & 1.2. Funksioni real f(x) me njé néryshore reale x Le ond dy niubashhést wR, tyre karezian Xx fh, Y= 6) dhe prods feyixernyeY] Péireufzin 1. (Gao nénboshkisi Le predhimit kartedan XxY formuar sipas intone lidhje apo rrgullet@ caktuar, gubet relaion L me film TaahbasineX dhe mbarin ne bashlasineV arkuficim 2 Quhetfusksion (6) me bash fim X dhe bashkési mbarimi ¥ dhe shimohet me simbalin f-X-»¥, rolaconi L qb gdo element ceX i shogérn nj element vetem ye {£2X-0¥, lesshet:fanksion fp) pasayron bashkésné Xn shlsind Y ‘Kang vend njvletehmdeit PRoVes fies sG\e yes) xX, r2¥. Dashtsia B= [veX/3yeY, ku y=/te} guhet bash funksionit y= (2) Bashkssia F=[ye¥/arex, bu y=} quhet bashes ¢ vierave to is). Kur nak jepet hashkesia © pireektinit B, dotyrd ¢ paré dehta fieta © sai, Detyrd © dyta, jo githmont e herkuar, cehte gota © Dashkesig te vierave 2/0) pireatimi © Th rafik i dy bashkésive E dhe. Parkeuzim 3, Grae i fanksionit /()-2-2, n6 plain koordinativ 2ey, qubet basbbicia 18 githa pikave A(x, f(s). Rw 20. Le ta shénojme me shkeunién G grain « 6 Tuntaiout ws heat fe), per xelae]. Dure 4 projdktuar Gmbi ae dhe mbi oy de th plrfojmé bashktsind te plreaktimit. dhe Dashes Fea vlereve tf). Es proj,@ dhe F = proj,2 Ponksions. Limi Vashdueshin {Ne Burin prand kom B= (a, ),F= [6 4] Per aye funision t dha y= (2), bashktsito B dhe P gjenden sakta vetbnn me rege lgiebrike 1, Funksionet reale f(s), cei ndahen né funkstone ‘lementard dle jo etementre, 1h Panksiont f(s) quhet funtsion lomentar, nse vera y © funkaioit giendat nga vlere endeychorve x me ann enié mmr {3 caktuar (pra fundém) veprimesh mataroatike ¢& mbledh sSumézimit, pjesbimit, of ngritjes né fash si edhe sips Derkulisimeve pér” fanksionet:eksponencial, logaritmik, frigonometrle, kfunksenet, ‘Jans funksione slemeataré Tefonksonikonstant yee E=R P= 2 funksioni fog yee, Fahe Fvsron nga tkaponenti aR, B.funksionickaponencial yrs BR beset 4cfunksionilogaritmik slog, B= 2 oeaal ine, yeorss, B=R, F=[-L1] % Sana tome yet BofreRIsa(eai. ten}. Pek yooitgs, B=feeRIreks ken}, FoR 6. afmbionet ys arepe, y=areeotg® Fonksonetelementané ndahen né kat loje Tr fanksionealgjbriereconal ce pot (plinom: Dxwae bag eta ay, 4,20 2. funksione algrbrk racional thysont: fs)= 22 3, funksine slgbrikivacinal, ps: )= = sinctet 4, fanksione transhendonts, pshs a) 0 Funston Lait. Vashducshmdria is Punksioni y = fs) quhet jo elementae,néoo vera y e funksiont endet ngs vera enézyshores x me ano 4 nja mum t pacaktuar veprimesh matematike, sh. f)=st ren 2. weprimeve 18 “kalinit mb lim, "WS deivimit, “te Integrin 8. “formalave t nabyshmo no bachkésité ndryshme, pero as pao Mbishtstor n@ pérkufizimin ¢ funksiont y=/(s). xe, yer. trogani see nga grafikat« méposhtim paraget nj funksin, Ushtsime ‘Te giendet bashkesia e pareaktimitB i fulsiont © méposhtne 2 ya fear Seat 4 IB eT ran le 8. ye ink stale 2)2 Funksionl Limit, Vashdueshinésia WB zahhanje A. yeR alee F-20300 > E=fued|ze-l x43}. Mond 16 ‘Ainitedientnabe £e#= (1) yer to ant osx pu xe[oe] ex Bashkesiae pireaktimitéshta £=[0s{ & 1.3, Funksionet a shprehin marrédhénie ekonomike 1. Adminictatori i njé firme, me anén © specialist nd fushin ‘anomike, késkon analizen dhe stgimin e varési ndrjet dy Alukurive ekonomike, ndée t ellet njéra mart sie pare 96 fndryshim dee dyta mere! si pasiée ke ndzyebim, Nice hse me etn ected o pa ho ma SEAN Glaser Nines iat Kets nti "1 hy san y=) seh mate Saree evlenma ye hart ot ga vem esos Sabena sepa Freon Yoyerr | spelt ekonomi, iho prs sles {i fndoba ede anatuat me ine arse dea 6 (@Ponksiont Limi. Vazhdueshmieia isfovorshme 1 nj vopring alternativ qb suporohet se mund t8 ‘dérmerret nt prodhimin e adeno mali Weaktuar. Natyraht qe edhe und té recat (riskohet) na agjocbjene alternativs 0 dur Bkonomisti dubet t@ ej bilancin pre dhe kandi per scien aiternativé deri sa td hartojé laitere raconalé ne zyjedhjen ¢ alternatives s6 duhur, ¢8 chprehur matenatkisht me ‘anen e funksioni / () te ndertuar nga vetd specialist, Ky unksion 7 2) pbreakten dhe omértion e Moje melt matematik g@ do te Shprehé vanésin ndrmiet dy duksrve okonomike 1. Modelet matematike té deve ndérmajet dulsrive ekonomike Nise ldja ndérmjet termave ekonomi thte theshteatther’ nib {abeld statitkor aoe mj graf mjafton per ta pasayruat het dhe Lidhia me anda e funksionit f(s) eshta chuma « perdovehie sepee Ison zbatimin « matodave t& fugishame téaiehrimit diferencil, per sgetur gidhjet optimale to problemave ekonomike q@ dali’ pars frmave, Fompanive Lidhjet funksionale rmadelovo to mépochtne: 1. Model ines 2. Modol paral 8. Model kb 4 Model biperbolie £6) no foshen e skonomist paragiton sipas 5.Modelicksponencial: §—y =B(1¢ nt 6.Modalilogaritmiky ny wasbine 1. Model giysmé logartmik: In =a-rts 8, Model linear logaritmik: y=a-+bins és 18 ilustruar modelot ¢ funksionove matematike né fashin ¢ ‘konomist let marsim pase rastat © méposhtmne 2 funkeioni 9 (2) shpreb Hiden wis Rusaumit Kaho ardhurave A tshtefunksioni linear y=a4be,dmth. K=abA 2 fanksioni y=f(2)a¢shpreb ldhjen ndérajeekostos totale C dhe ‘asst 66 prodhimit ,éoht8 8 funksbn patabalik y=asbesee mth, dot Lem modain parabobk: C= a ba req ”© Punkslont Limits, Vashdueshmésia baat 1. Lidhja addr ssiss 8 prodhimit gdh shpenzime tipas modalt ubike q = a+ be +c38 + dat 4. Lija nde emit dhe sasisé sb prodhimit 9 jepetsipas node hiprtaik. pa? 5, Rrijsenié kepiteli C & futurné a bank me interes p% pr ¢ viet epeteipas modaliteksponencial y = +X ir [vit do teem: Clp) = Cf. + p38) 086 Oly) =CF ‘Katu, © qohet basa, ph Eshit plraindia intoresit, C(p) Gobet ovulati nal, Keakis, Kemi nie fanksion Cp) te ndyshores [Néve nyihet neaultai final Ol), por té gietur bavén © do te strajimts C= CP, yu f= 1+ pH 1, Panksioni R(@) 418 ardhurave, n6 vars tb sasisé @ 08 ni8 produkt shitar. Leta nim se hems agiedhor modal paraboliky =a + bx + exp t8 prehur idhjen funksionale ndrajet t8 ardurave totale 2 98 m6 Firm, me sasinl gt produit cb jo frmé prodion dhe set pér mb perivdse kabo, psh. 8 mus) Ekonomist {mis plrcakton pa. fumksionin R(g)= 1259 ~ 2a? a pasayron lidijenfunksionale ndernjet te srdhurave Re) dhe 2056 9 UE produlait te prodhuar dhe t hitur,Sipas kushtitq@ & ardhurat Sant R(@)20.eeimé (Gake mgjidhur inokuacionin 12tg~11g'20) 9@ asi qe produkt dete til @ 09511. Viara ROO) = RCL 1 Pir situattn g=0 R-=0 do 8 themi se firma mic prosbon, prandad 8 sedate te barabart ne ery, Kio od pr srye tndryehine, mos shite mali prodhuar mé part Imungeet e ryt alekirte ot Sikur ehonomisti te hari « t eit 98 t8 prodhohen g = 21 ns, tdhere do t punche} met gitke kapectetin © mundshém 18 {2 Fonsion Lint Vokes jm ndod sepa isin PG) 321911 deus était alta} 2)-@)]* pe2ia9-1.4-857 soni nde 12 0076 (abn ear et pr sai o pod te pene fader eran eee ee settee arma ute angen: eat aan pats Sesasenect eee Ee eee a ete a FTO Gae Ew 2a 30. a7 20. a8 EZ 168 c ML, Fanksioni C(@) i kostos né vardsi te sas produkt té prodbusr. 4 tb ne kent ssh q te prodhimit che Korte sat roti fre coche icamnreege Sg acetsaeaaae Eien an mat 92 Fanksioni Limit, Varhdueshinésia Késhtu g@ kostojae péngithshme nuke Ushto no pérpjestim v8 dete se sus to mali te prodhum, por 6st nb arts Hineare: Cig) =@ wbq, hu shisonja a pérfaison Koston fkse, shksonja.b éshte Iowficionti i vardsint "mB yérposttim «8 dret® t© Kostas ob ‘adryshueshine nga sosia qe allt prodhuay. ra funlesioni C= fg) ku ff@) = a * bg, shpreb varésiné ndéemjet ates at pengithshme C dhe ssi gt mall & prodhvar ‘Kosta epergitishinené varésite q nul shprehet vetim ine ane 8 fonksion bear, por -ipas parsmtrave gf pércaktoywé ata, mand te shprohet edhe ni tan pavatalike Cia) =a bg ten", ace Dibet se funksioni pavabalik y= ax! + bx +, par a> Oka verén mt ‘ogsl te Derabarté me oedinatin e pikés st kulmit t& passbolés qe shit gral sat fambsion. Kj veré me e vous Baht éshtu,kosto Clg) merr vlnén me 48 vogl 18 barabarté me per Aku Cig)=a+ba reat ‘Shembult Nie Kompani dot prodhojé q nigel njé produkti, dhe ébt péteahtuar funksioni 1 Kostoo totale no tren, f= 00 — 10 + jeni sas te produit oS dubet produar né minyré gb kosto totale jetta mo vogtl asiabie a aelen0 —cfi)esn-1001045:0"=30 -ompania duet th prodhoié 10 njéi né mys gosto te ‘iets venen mb te veg co mundshme, 18 barabaeté me 300 (oa. mijecwo), |TV. Funktion i fitimit vé perstichshem Pa) ‘toe prodhchen 4 ai #8 nié produkt dhe shitan me emimin p (oro neva) atgheré funkion! 4 Stilt total (8 péngithshém) sachet me simbolin Pt) dhe péftohet si ndryshesa Pa)~ RQ) eMCtah kst-R(q) dhe 2(@) jane funksionet plrkatsse oe te fsrdurave totale dhe to bostos totale. » (0 Fusions. Limit, Vazhdueshmésia Le ta zim se nj frmé prodhon njé produkt né easing g nei, dhe nul man fks gmimsn p, pore mdryaosipasfunkiont pg) = 400 = 6g. Funlsiont i kostos ne ete situate tats C(q) = 800 + 50g, ‘Arsh fitimiP(@) do te shprehet si fanksion me njé ndryehove né ‘aajten P(g} R(a)-Cla) = -F(q)=(400-64}q [300+ 509) =~ + 4004-80060 Pinal? ronal S) CF] ry BBE oft} © Dect ) gn efi do et vera ab te te bzabents me 4808 (ph mle er) pr sinew prod dhe luitur prj g= “28.29 nei prodhim (p.sh.njsia 1000 tom, & 14, Veti t8 fanksioneve realé y= /( Perkufzim! 1 Ponksioni y= (0), x6, que fasion wo, tsa Yre8, x)<8 ] f(-x)=-Mle) Péskufisio 2 Funksion y= f(z), 26. qubotfonksion gt, nse vaee, 3Ca)eB / fex)=F(s) Non kta dy piskutzime, chemi p.h. se fenkslont y=, Rea funksin’ tok, eran yes? , 88 Ssh fanksion git, ndénsa funksioni y=VS-T, reE=[)o] nuk @sbtd as funksion git © as funksion ak, sep 86 pipe Wee E => ne 21{2 Fanksion. Limits. Vashaveshria Péskulfain Fusion! 9=/(2).e2, quhet munitonsigroicht itis (rites) 8 By nse Wi Fett nen Sadesls) Ute)> SCs). Sis Hai pekuiink chemi ph ce funksion deme vigoroniaht abit, de pe ky usksion y=2? rigoroisht et 8 ef Nephi Nise pir Wa.zeB/x,>%, emi LIM), 9 atahers /(2) impli: 2, xe) Jn mnonoton ses oto iri te wt Bat ee HED cg atahent f(x) aahe8 monoton rigwosisht aris m8 B, Pérkefizim 4 [Nj funksiont y= f(x) me Bashkési péreaktio) 2 quhet fanksion perio me periods T'#0, nése per ¥xe8 dhe (x+T) =H t8 joe i vertté bararimis f(e+T)= (2) a ‘Mas vogi numér pity Té vetetonbarazimin (1) quht period Jaryesaree funksonit f(x), Diet se pe funksione trigononetrike y=einx dhe y=coss Kemi T= 2x, ndrsa par dy funksionet ytpe dhe y-=cotg komi T =x Ushtrime L.Te studiohet oft efunksioneve 1. yosin' bene 2 yosins 3. yacose 2 2 Funkstont. Lnnit, Vzhdueshméria Ziahie Sf ace al / o-tetelsterteote) Baraziint y(-x)= y(2) weed vérteton 50. funksioni #4 sa veeboo, he 26) 8 vee] es eee fain it | Baraximi y(-x)=-y(2) , Wee }-oef vérteton se fimlsioni SE extue funksion ek ne Jo. 21) Pesleioni Limit, Vashdueshméria Ml, TS suuichet monotania «funksioneve: wer arene oe pail aye ome fal Yaa yertte nb fowl tye bool ataianio 1. Letjend xx y numa gfarédo né pal tau ge >, Porcktoneshenne ntyshsts/()-F¢s) 98 Jo. fxs) F(sy) =sin{2x,)-sin{2s,)=2ein(e, x -cos(s, +34) sen[2sin(x,——) om (4 45)]=oen[ ones, +)]~ > nite save ef nde anal 3 upksiont yosin ei dh nt intervie rmonoton Figorosiaht reitis nd intarvalin pa {ke monoton, ‘igraht ste néineratin F,2f & yer —fe nd Reel Eid ce, ond dy ima lad of teilegb 5 > ‘Pesce ahenjne raportt {Punkin Limit. Vashdveshnia (263)-(s'-65)_(e-s8)-8l-5) A = wbaslfat 6 ese5-650 em ane Riel = soarde'neyo8 . Mogul, inp 233% ASHE,» ae wt peo me] thm Cun hind y= it oon ich rn Beal LL, ‘Testa pectic fink tebe, 820 A pacers EH. yesin’, coo WE yale, mrexelteeE, nez 2B Aaiidhie (1sc0s28) = 8. snow sin’ Ho re BPMs Poppy, & PCa sak Set fnksion pore 6 felerT)- fm > eleT)=ue > Tar > fanksiont y= iB éehtefonksion periodleme avid 7 = os(6) Punksioni Limit, Vanhduestmnéris Pérkeufizim 6 Funksioni y= f(x) me bashkil péreaktimi £, quhot iniektiv né B, ro W152 Baht warts imlikimi: 25, = F(a)# fb) Pr shembull, funksioni yard, £2 eshtéiniektiv ne R, ndbrsa funksiont yavrbee nuk éabt® iniektiv nb R, sepse 34,2542 te til gb impli [#55] = [1/0] nok abe vert Pérkeafinim 6 Funksioni y= f(s) me bashes iim né A dhe mbariminé B, quhet yreltv ni A, nee Sebt 5 wanets implikimis Ve, 328A => afl) Pérkufaina 7, Funksiont y= f(s) me Gillin né A abe mbarim ni B qubetbijeltiv, ne a hts njcherdch iniltiv dhe syrioktiv. -Funksonibiektiv y= /() me flim a A dhe mbarim né B, pasqsron Dashktsing A né Bashisiné B, ku go element xeA sitohet vetém ine njé element yeBdhe anagdla glo clement y eB eshte i eiftuar ‘elem me njé element x€A 1 Panksioni i anasiells "6 Nit fankin bijeltio y= F(x), me bbashtsi pbveatimi B dhe boss 8 vlorave F. pasgyron bushkésin® rné bashkésing TF dho anasellas bashlsing Fné bashing B, bu gdo eR thet stim me nik ver ye dhe snagjellas: gdo vere pF lidhet vetam me njé vleré xe me anno nj union teri =o), duke bar® ¢& mundur pasgyrimin @ bashlesid Pn bashing E 26 © Punksionl. Limit Varhdueshméria ashe, nds funksioni y= f(z) pasayron bashkésiné E nt F,atdhoré fukin’ x=9(y), bin pasayrimin # snasjléwbashkisies Poa B Pd dake suporuar eeasten hy funksion 1=9(3) ht ye F dha xe si aE fonkson me enti: funksin | ana 1 fukin Jaf} x08, ye ahooshinginé r=o(9)="(9).76F, ref Megents pe furksionin esate = (3) kemi i néyshore ye F ae veri pskatie tél finksol Kemi re, jt y me xd e shénarfumsinin anal me sinbolin y= "(3), 26 Pdbe ye E [se dhe nt afl pirat ts urksreve y=f[s} dhe y=), stibert props M[a/(a)] 6G dots hems sin M/C] <6, io do ttt graf Gr faint y=/"() a simi alt @ (efunksoat y=/(x), nije me detain y=. Shhruimé G, =m, Prealtimin pi fbn nasil eatin i mé posh Pérkfizim 8 Fer ne fnkaion bby y= f(s) mo busi picatini E dhe bash rave F que finson ena fankson i shtruar sn smboin (x) ob basis prin Pde tah te verav Beg vr bara: f(a)=f[ (ee ‘Tooremé. Le te kemi f:A—+8. Nise ky funksion dbs bjetiv atthartekaiston funksioni i anasielé (x) ifunbsiont y= (2) to torent ¢ prancjmil pa vtetetim. Rjedhisn, Nase njé funksion y= f(s) @eht5 monoton sigorocisht eités (po rités) né A dho ka bashkdsing © vlerave B, atéherd ebziston unksioni i anasjlls /"(x) i ti funksion dhe @sbee monoton rites (brits) na 2(2 Panksions Limi, Vashduasbméria Vereetim Le #8 jot nié funksion y=f(2) monoton rigoosishtmritae na A dhe ne bach tb vlerave B (do vleré yee funlsinit f(e) shogérahet nga jt view’ « vetme © hdryshores re. sopse pir glody vlera x «x, (nt sa tt monotonise trite rigororsht) nga. mosbarasimi 2,<1 mrjedh mosberazimi i wertant /(s,) 2 2 Funksiont Limits. Vazhdueshmérla A2AESS ie bast pércaktimi Aefeefm deta it verwo Bef! pelo erat Peer ele rye EE) te & Funksiont #( Lp yadire tea] SEE FP Gee te ive eae 1M ehares Darocimi i virtets ff'1(v)=x vésteton sipes porkufcimit (2) se fens f( ‘ea funksionii nasil funksionite dhe (4) 2? nib (3 «| LATE shai sett 1. Funksioni pésbites ‘uptimin pér fankatonin © pérbésé (/o6)(2)= j[o(2)] ¢ japin me nine skoms 50 mpoohtme: aed Shensjmas ung(e), weds 2 ° yaf(u). wed Funksioni v=9(} pasqyron beshkésing And bashkésin B. Funkaoni y= /(v) pesayron bashlising Bnebasikiind C Punlesionié perbere y= /[q(x)) pasqyron dejtpessdret bashing ‘Ani bashing C ‘Shantull. Funbionl ye Gah finkton 1 psi, Me te vee, po 6 shins x ols)=—i? da f(e)me do token fskloin oper a f[oa] ob stot eens etn ya(/o9) a){© Punkslons Limit. Varhdvestmseia TIL Funksiont fshjelluar apo pashtielluar Pérkeufizim [ié funkien me nj ndeyshore x que i shijeuarnésejopt ne trajtin ‘ye fle] dhe quhets pashtelany ade jopet 8 ratin g(,9)= Hlewaconet x y=1j a2 4971, y20; e'4yh aly esiny=1 shpredia funksionin y= (a) m trite pashyolluar. Ndérsa ckvacionet poles, yovinw ; y=¥i-e ; y=aresin(i—x) shprehin funksionin ‘y= f(s) nb trait sbtjelluae. [ig ekuation’sinay-+ 4°” =1 nk Gabté « mundur t gjendat tata 6 shtjaluaee funksionit y= /(3) Arlfuslesionet Péleaficim ‘Runlsionateanaslléfonksionoetrgonometikéquhen arfinksone. 1. Fanksioni y=oresins, xe[-hi} »¢| Dit so funksioni y=sine Gt smoot igen nia aad “pe [eg] o = ta 9 5 1a). Pan ten |g, TAP] Eni ant 1 ar tia crksinus xdhe shane 12) rcsine, efi v4f «J espa Pu vm » {2 Fanksioni. Limit, Vahdeshinéria NE fguré duket se grail Gy i fanksionit y= aresin per se| Ssh smirk grok Gt fensiont sins px ldhjo me dnejntn y=. Kuptoet ce: aresint =, asin! 3 Motion asin 0-[], aesin(-t}eE]. aren[ <2 2.Funksioniy=arceoes, xe[-Ii, y [07] Funksioni y=coss éshté monoton vigorzich sbritis né bashkésiné 5] dhe ka bashlésinéevlerave B {1} ae 7° plreaktimi A-=[-11] dhe bashkdsi tévlorave Komi dy pasqyrimetsipae fs) dhe f(x). [og] tess of] ate [aa]—Cemen yl Disa voce pér arkhosinasi, Ne fguredalloni se: G, = sim, 8. Punksioniy =aretge asp alta Pao (tgs bie noatn gaa i 8 enrain ax 21 Abeta asin rae B=, pads Sian oni one signe(© Funksioni Limit Varhdusshmria ojos An tebe8-} Teapot a: atg00, antl =£, arctesS ~Z, ancts(-1)= 4.-Funksioni y=arccotgs, A= B B=[O3{ unksiont f(x)=eotge hte _monoton rigoroisht brite nb JOx{ peondaj czistonfanksion i anasli iti quntur ‘ankkotangent P'(e)=amcotgs; A= Rabe B= xf Dina vers ti arkkotan gent arccotg(0}=¥ acetg [Jo cst} Kyjtojmb @ fusion choponenial yet, Ocal, xeR, ye RRs si fiunkaion 2 anneelé 2 ti, furksionin quajtue "unkaion logan ‘8 shinuar mosinbolin y=log,x, 0 y=2-bg(x-N) Shprehim x nd varéa ty lg(x—H}=2-y ox EeL+l0*". Nééreojmb-emeye y=1610" Funksioni i anasole debts f:} 1510, re. 950: [mm see nx pie Ort Pir O0 ab nga narra x=? Nadroimt rey: ye" Funksion! anes ahts ["(2)=e4, x=} Per 250 kom /(x)=sP¥, 5 it Gut fonkson sbrit mt ot), prandsjekxston (a) Shinusimé y=VoF @ r= 9" ce eny", Nirjmé me y: y=—2 Punksioni anal aid "(x)= xe[0.40. retiring. ana anaselé éshté pérebri nif funksion jo elementar, ¢ pikrisht: rofl 2, pt xe pie ek & 15, Vargu numerik. Limiti | vargut Pérkufizim 1. ‘Yarg numer quhet bashlsi e vlorave tb nj funksioni f() sme bash prea N, ose nié nenbasbhésiepafundme eN. Dub i vendonarradhasi nument 2, Go nga vows, por spas A") ots ket vargun numeric 34.08 ‘Varga namerik 1) snchetsinbolikisht{«,) 2 qubettarmni para o, termi dt, o, tani pats vaneut {a} » (2 Feskston. innit, Vazhdlueshme fehtae garté (nga perkufizimi) se vangu rumen quhet i njebur kur sept termi i prgithsham io, = 7(4) Péskufisim 2. argu numerik (2) quhet wités (brite) nese a, 0, gandet ni mumér satyor Me) 1 ele gt per tf tha teat « vargut mo Treg >N(e) i plottebet mesbarazim o,-dce © amrea, case Fak gh vargs (a) kaimit mumrina abate lime, «0 Né vachdim vetim pit vargist mumeike, dt shkmaimé né paras im, =a, ke nap 9@ 394, Mosbaratini i virtetd o-e fe) tragon cen smtarin Jo-toes{ adodhen nj6 tims 1 pafundi Rafzach 1 ‘argu numeri (g), nde ost Rat interval nde nj umd (uodém rua oe pikeisht ao ke ie kan eoguesinn.0(C) as2 Puksonl int, Vashdueshméria ‘Késhtu, duet kuptuar miré se, Hina, 2.00 % thot qé nd gdo z0n8 rrethuose Jo-c-el t pike 9 ka nb pofundict kuizash t8 vargut sumer (2) [Nese pr njé-varg numerik 6 dadné (a) dhe nj8 numér a gen nie interval y-2.0+e{ ni t clin wlodhon njé-mumée jfundém kuteash 4, ate mira me dat Tit kat warn pr n>. Pika x= 0 gubet pik limite pe vargun (2,) of ka par init numin a Péirleafisim 8. ‘argu (1) quhet Konvergient née a ka Tit. erkafision 9. ‘Varga (D quot divergiantnégoat mk ka mit ‘Teoremé 1 (Cdo arg msanerik konvergent ake mund ket me tel sn iit, ‘Visteti Sepoadime vs kundértin, pra Te 1 kot@ vargu (o,) @y Mnite + ndeyehine a dhe a? dhe suporaimé se a an 8 am onan ecco wt pe tla foi cee) Tima, =a atthe ple gdo 6>0, pre ede pr 6>0 1 cals me spr sin numtia N(e) 8 WB 9 ¥a>N(e) 8 Kemi ame0 eziston num natyror Nii tile gb per Vn> H tBleemi 0-8, <2, lim 0, == 4. Nge kone art] moth edhe kone eet (2) 4. Np cveraenesevareut a} th ee dvr evar (5 ‘Teoremé 2 (de vary mumerik monoton rit, kuizuer nea siptr ngs muri A ea mit dhe ime, <4 ‘Tooremé 8. (Gao varg sumerik monoten sie, i kfizuar nga posht® nga nome ‘mye iit dhe ie, 2. a 0,40, Yaa, dhe 240, attbers eho hufouar. Ket B ee a Vertetim ‘Miafton«& tregeimé se gienden Sy niomra m dbo M2 all qé ¥n= te leit shri weet mesa. Me ob lvoe tthes® ple gdo ¢>0, pra edhe pr em, ll giendet mune N file ge pleVa> N, hemi e-eycaycare, OD 8 1 Punksiont. Limits, Vazhdueshmévia Net dy rastet pera>Ooseaco SE Komi serlae)=sen(0e,) eae rand) mosbarazimi (2) dehta névlershem me mosbarazimin: mee ore, 0, Wy (e)/¥a> Nene 0, W,(e)Vn> Near o-ece,cate [Nga kita dy mosbarazime te dyishté dhe hushtig, N= (NN) = in, = 1. Sipse péckofizimit Kosh 8 limite vangut,t8 vErtotahet se 38{ Funksiont Lim, Vashdseshmér Vertetim Eas tharabactimenunsn nae veo aepe fen » fthde. a Mets virtets, Jet jetadhin > 0 gfartdo, tb gsi N(e) Per kite agdhiea ineladonin (1) a py Oo gee eX 22], ce) mee yi «es Caktojimé numsin ¥(): unt 223 a pied e222 = tt ths ah mat ut oe hain ome be 2 Too) ~ pn tr 2) pak me txogun n > 75, dash Kes} tone eathaeos ndadhen 6 mom § fen tah pttiht jd 758 lla (a y=) vise nie 1 pe iran J rdoden 0 1) Fenksioni Limits Vazhdneshmr For th vtetar oe aad dee agar oe veo eyes = Zc Met to ef dns e20 ain) NER hin wep ke nk pe et Me) sci nbn 2 sp i pander, Veprojma naryahe! Shnééeroime 3033903 333333 333 WLR Ion L2EESE TRON eta EGS e227" 7a, eel x Fhe dhe mest Keni, vento = n> 6rlon 2 2% a ate sans tps Bice Tar Rishta pir 250 fads ts dhénd, N(e)>0, 18 ila 08 vyn>N(o) = Zee, gb do th thoté (nb bané ub péckusnimie 18 mg an tan a 2 2. Te gjonden limitet 411 Funlsioni Limit. Veshdueshmiria interns) a Ge) en 5 yh Bas 1. thn C22) easiest a tgtlneade (ns 5 te Gat a. ggiliterte oie) t4(4n-I) Tieden Pankow, Limit, Vashdueshiie PS Ta an sm ne(3ne) 2 +829) 23 | ToGo Ga "F32 tn DE LH, ne) oe (not 373) tan! AG] fea) 100m jn LO NAor Ine 2)—t] .alneslinea}(nes) (net) een [r5) (ve 2) (v1) 50] 2Gsij(orr2)(re3) +100 “6{2 Funksiont Limit, Vachdueshinéria Vertetim 49 Shatin vere), a(t" oe career © macnn te ates Mel ; ‘arabs moneton vigor i 1 at) wy Shobim kawesmer evrgu: Giatsimé mestaraziin © a Gaye all!3) "(3s we te i533" (easel th Pra o,<2, Vn22 do 0 thote ea vargs éeht i ufiauar nga sipér 18. Te veretoet se vargit © meposm janékonvergjnt Mit vnguj dos tis monton rite dhe {afar nen ; sipe, ne bas Woremés 2a dots vag konvergent watastdedens “4 s2 Pusetont Limi. Vashdusshinéeia 4. argu dng shlaset nei att tht ate ad a) Sela 7F>1 = o,,>0,, vargu éehté monoton rritas, Fete? prac, <7, YneN vargu Gebté i kufizuar Da ga sipér proj nurmet 7, Pra vargs iain éahta konverient. 1) Poe vargune dhéné cbkrusims wan at Let alot), ood oy" TF (ee -t03) inn. ote en asset apt postive Komi qs >ay => vangusshte monotone. Tet . 1 Duketse a, ctstebebyort eater bentsty vars (14 sey mon ee ae sone ni shone ie!) 2 {© Funksiont. Limit. Varhdueshmévia ‘shté nj himitthemelor. Vera Ri imi taht jb sal um irzacional, i ciln e sénojm me shkcronjé ‘Numi “e" quiet numri i Noporit, dhe vie e pérafist © i) deta en} Tbe} vm Nadraa ptr pestnbidhjotssbitat © 1} pas press dhjotore jpim €=2,718281828459045 pee om Nas“ éshto bar elogaritmit.Neperian Qe natyror) Pra lg, ‘Mo marréveshje shirubet lg, x= (exobt: Find o9), 4. Te virtetohet so vargjet mumerike 8 mepuatn, ané divergent, Vértetim [jt Vang numeri dabte divrgient, ates ai nuk plotigon tooremet 2 8p0 3 mbi vetite @ vargeve numer, oo nése pre} ti) nxirron ‘fnvange @ kané nite te ndryshme 5. Vargn «, =? 4) Sbohim monotonin® e kei vars 2 a Fixvi-Viaai Sag BE 22 9) sopse inv —Vieai> Pra e,,>4, = vangu dehte monoton mit.(2 Fanksioni Limit, Vasheteshmria 1) Sbohim hfiausshmériné © wargat Vert re, se ado i nadh qafte nj numér postiv M,gjenden ‘kufiza t8 vargut mé té médhe ee M. Mo té wérteté: 2 > Mt <> (ae o2> ng, Mo 2n-1> (og) <> (lo sth sin me og 1 ak > own evar uk ld tsar ge ip, rey vg ahh Feast eeu Prt boas oy sinks howe 28 ae Por n= 4641 nénoargs 2, sso (ak) 4] onvergion né 1 Megendse Keto dy abnvsngje t8 vargut 1@ dhiné konvergioiné ne Timite tendryshme, athe sipas mjedhinite teoremés (@, them: ovary 0, =sin at divergent & 1.6, Limit i fanksionit Pérleusain 2. [Nam € ube ini funkainit /(<), per tonton nc nee pe go humue 0 dha £2 0, eeison nj numér 5>0, i Ie i ple 18 githa erat © ndzyshones x 9 wétetgink mosberasimin Ojr-<.6, wlerat lacoste imksont (2) vertetaino mosbarasimin /(2)=0,26(e)>0/0[/(2)-dee. C) atthord por Perkofisimikéskon gé pr odo numar té ding «0, té giendt ume 3(e)5 sgt plotdaohes (9, Kushti O bee f(e)8r x-ve, shkrsaime: 1. fing(=)= 022 ¥ 60,36 (e)>0/00,36,(6}>0/ 0¢-s-ch(a)ec+e Shnoimé )=|e—5.crdl die 5 =Je- dcr] dy amet rethuose tks c Calctoimis 55,08 =Je-8, e+4| dhe do 18 ken gb pr t ithe x © onde rrethuose J--6,c+d[, and t2 virtts mosbarazimet e dyfiahta, (D, ©). Qe kata dhe nga kushtet g(x)< /(s}= h(x) reed smosbarazimi: f-e-< f(x} 0,36>0 elle gs nies «Seco athere [7(2)~Gl, dhtne nd walt: {2 Pankstoni Limit, Vachdueshndeia als) pease ’ a) prame (dot thot Dara tin F(2)= 6? Fa} Par e-46° (Aimth xe) spas pieabtint (2 FO) hemi gi Flo = gis, Pranda shkruainé tin Fs): Inet ‘Ky barasin ahpsh opinin tint majl 8 unin Rn kn Perfunksionin f(s) Px, Kom Epa] ave inde in Tr, ht gabe, po duet sean, sient in SI Na vice oj ei ke pk tat ithmond majtas (<2) anda no ket est thet, gent lint ma faint fe) kr s-sedhesubet: te #(3) ine) Pasktisim 3, (iit aed 1 te je finksion/(:) 1 peeaktae é interven J. Num ut Limit atte (2) tentang eaten, Ye>0, 3650 etl gt nieo caxeeed athe /(e}-f]¢, Get ekristence ¢ liniteve tb njésnshém tw onrabarts kur +-¥e -ahtr ka vend njvlershmévia: Tin f(x) 2 fin (2) Fe)-e Rrjedhim. je funksion f(s) nuk ka limit ar x6, nb ato vast: 1. tn FR) fin fh} = 6 Dorf, 2. pak njri nga Kinietenjdanshém esht6 i pafundem. ‘Shemnbuj pr ustrim me anén ¢graffku o&funksionit f(x) 1. tigre Oe ig -e' == lig 2 tpt cna jin ot (7(s) vexee le() pirx>e Lis) =n 3} i) ip sl) e, (#6, suk eksiston fim (x) sree 2 Funksioni. Limit, Vashdueshméiia fini 4 Numi € qubet limit i fumksionit f(s) ple x+40, née pir Ve>03N(e)>0/ve> Nas |f(s)-fee Stembul. unksioni (3 “4.90 ka limit num 1 piece iP Cite ot pati fen p> 0 Porkutisin 9 Nami € quhet limit funksionit f(s) pér x->~o, mise por ¥e>03N(e)<0/vr<-W-/ffa}-dee Stent y Fonksoat /(s)=4, tx init namin (00 pits : tin()-0. (potas =o) \ Pérleufzim 6, FFunkoni /(x) ka init pafundém YM >0, 36(4)>0/0¢| (o)par xo, nie dcs=y(af> ue ent 1 Panksion:/(s}=""2 kp mtb pani kur 2-40" dhe 2 kor or ' ‘Shirase Se Tig /(e)mee oi do beat lig S(a)=— de fin f(s)=40 ss( Fnksion, Limit Vashdveshmeéeta Perlis 7 Funkesioni f(s) ka limit «2 pafondom YM 20, aN(u)>0/vha> a] f(s)> M0 ) pir are, mise pie Shem. Bunksoni f(s)=3? ka limit tb pafundim («) pir roe, Shinji lip? =, dhe névocant: 2 Jims =; lin P= 1 Ni band th perf 1 Lite fot, spas Rocio, pe Ti /(2} =e. tim f(a) 6, lin (2) st rte Vereetim 1, Numi ashté limit { funksionit /( E2, pie 92, nse vero, 30(¢}>0 4 alld gé pir lo xeR gb vérlatjne rmosharasimin Oele—2}e4 — D, worat peewieniase ta F(x) t& ra, let jet dh’ nje-mumr pout gfarédo €>0, 0 gieime 5(e)>0, til jos vrtets impli 56 BFunksloni Limits Vashdueshméria er ti giotue 3>0,zldhim inekuacorin 2), Shndaravjm ante mate t8@) EGS Ocheajes > 9D xed oo c4204e5 dhe 1420635 's(e+2) Prana, Ef He-afedo-a] Nise marin tt «nda a Saad 1h coun [=3-! ee, oped tes -afce > forall emi gag mi var Stkeusimé: 3h Nu arin 5S, doa din ane see ce en bari 45 pein Br pr €0 8 hn tin 5(0)=€ 0 leg iplisini @) Sib vrtta 0 ot thot pS 3 Testa by i ito een VH/>0, 264)» 0 0 gt Vee = Blew - Me vere ot jt dene >i efarddochom, Pov t jetse 5(M)>0 epidhim inekuaionin o ey2 Fanksion! Limi, Varhdueshméeia (ye Me 3-220 sepa 230, Ye Rednjtetrinomit Mi? 430-2 jant xo safer) [+ 0 M9. v Caktsjme 3[44)= 20 [NG sa 8 chndervimave ta njévieshme, shkrveimd implikimin € vistte Per kets t trgsimase Ve>0,3N(e)>0/ ve 0 farédoshom, fea + wal suazaning Wei, | ioe] [evel vera 1 aap at [Pat [Pt a "Neve mazrn vara ttt 1 ce ag tet do ke | ri eee lyse ated ait © rested vy rod, 2 Fanksont. Limit. Vashdueshméria Marrim 1 (e -ivt]>0 ane née sajt 08 shndécrimare te igvershme shcrvain impikimin e were wen > [Feta fee ant Disa limite té réndésishme Jen shu funksone prt lt gta © Hntt tyre pr re (ne "x-9) bazohet ne danni te vogant,# quae "nite trend” 1. Limit uksionit /(3}= 8 kar #50 "Te vitatajma se fy 222, NNé figurén prané né kuadrontin © paré Aallojme hackun AMC s, AOPM, sektarin darker OAM dhe AOAT anes vinta moebarsaimé So Saye Sgg 2 OEPM ght ATED (i) ope sine 1 coox-sine osx 040 3. exer=ces(a—1)=~cosu 4. Sat =sn( =u) sian © ey CT at) ttc “) Lig (t+conu)=1(U4i)=2 op tere Rat "ins avondéscint 2x1 = lg(ts4)* o2 Poslsont mit, Vashdueshmér 10. Sn sin(x-2) =e Keni shar tintin © védichim: py 0+/(e]FB ee Hx)=sin(=~2) abe tim f(e)=lin sin(e—2) "Te vetetohet se funksionese mépoehtém nak Kan limit 8 plat parkatse. Bro, Eo a2 select vere 3. sa)esind par x30 4 1) org vere Yarttim Qe fusion i ahént e nos keté limit pe x-»2, duhet dhe ‘jaan gb lmitete njeanshiém ne pikin x=2 tjenét& ndeyehimn set paktn nr pr) tyre ts eta. ae m(e-t)=1, F(2)= Bi F() {e) nuk eset, in(a+t)=5 rgeor! timenes Shins fH) meant 1. Marim t=2kr, be = cordke=1 Vargu s( ao 28 thot’ tay (2k) Ka. kudza konstante: 1, 3, 2, lin f(24e)=fit = (2 Fonksiont. Limit Varhdueshonéria 2 Manim c=(2keI)r, HEN = cos(2ketjeet Vargu /(()=/{(2t-+1)x)=cue(2k6!) ka kutas konstante: 4 ‘Moqentso formuam dy nénvarcie numerike te vargut /(?)=cose te cilét konvorgnjnd na Tinite naryshne (pétkatasaht 1 ao 1) themi se ky varg f{()eost aehié divergent, dhe nB bans 2 pérkufieimit tb vargut divergiont thou se meses mul sist, prvedhelncr! nuk easton & 1.1, Krahasimi i fanksioneve pamv. dhe madhésité pam, éskafisim 1 INjé funksion /() quhet medhési pambetimisht e vogel (pm) kor Nore (ose xr) nse ip f(s) =0 (oe ti,f(x)=0) ombsionet pny. snob Pra [a(s) éehté pan. nx (2). Ble) ra) et (ose x98), & im a(x)=0 1 inaon as)=sny bhp. ples-+0, pega =0 2 tnt 9s) abt ps ph eee in 8: fans 7s) +92, inl Pace? Ssh pmy, pir x1 af edhe pér 324+2)=0 dhe lin( 3642] 0. Pérkuflatin 2 Dy funksione a(x) de = ae ans. pér x96 0ce x9) quent(2 Fosksiont Limit. Vashdwoshmria [NB kb rast shénohet a(s)~ A(x), lexahet: a) injévlershom me (3), 080 mand té shénchet a\x)=B(z), lexobat a(x) afersicht © brabarts me f(s), ple xe. Disa pam. ténjovlershme [ave funksiont (3) dabee pm. pr 2 athens: singled] 2. sn{a(x}] ala), née +6 sepa li 2. Lele) als), pie #000 5.20) -1~a(s), pee xe sopse 4. a[t+a(s)]~a(s) pir 29s ep 5. acsin[a(sJ]~as) pér 2-46 seve tin 6. arts[e(2}]~ a2] pir x apse tm slot és) dhe p(x)=¥—Se44 jan’ 8 nevlershim ptr (24) ee tra Bes Pose xe Perkufisim 3. Dy funksione a(x) dhe #(s) qsben madhési pm. 28 6 nije rend voedlse pir re (oe #400) miso {2 Ponksiont. Limit, Vashdueshméiia a(2)esinde dhe (2)=x par x30 Gatto nas ett sit ond ope me cone irahasweshém mex pl x20. Pirkei 4, een (6) 8() os hs i sn oo) dove sin as) pm itn tb vee A). Shiooheta(s)=o(0(s)-lenohat: a sh ov vogs ef). Shkruajmé * o(sinx), lexohot: x éahtd oe voglle inx Pérkutizim’ a(e) auhet © rendt kth vogliot nd lho me pfs) nése sae sun, Se am wt lt): oe a woeéle a(x), sense tin ee co tin Meo, ete al see fin ge)? 2B ate Pr fonksonet pam as), Ae) 7s) ha end kate woramat: ‘Teorema 1 ‘Prodhim' dy madhsive pm. debts pra pin. Vertetim ee 46 jend a(x) ae {s) pny. kur x->¢ (eco pér +00). TS ‘érttojmi co edhe prodhimi a(s)-f(x) hts pms kur sre(2 Ponksionl Limit, Varhdveshmria Porkité winton tb oni’ @ tin[a(s)-A(2]]=0 0 Ngo kusi Kemi ina(s=0@ abe imp(s}=0 2) r¥6>0 pra the pte 6 =VF 38 (6)>0/ve6(s/ 0rd} > sla(sleqave 2 (9 e2¥6,>0 prncibe pir =F 38(4,)>0/¥2e {2/06} alplce=vé 8 Shénojme 4 min( 5,5, Shotojnd and ple and mosbarcimet 2 che elal}[2Cal|la(e} p(x) Per 5 min(,6) duke wplotsuar mosbaracinet 2 dhe do hemi ae veelsl0e attheré Gahts pm ker x6 FOF) Teorema 2 ‘Shenae dy madhésive pmm me t6njejtn shen tat p.mam me po sd chon, ‘Teorema 5. Prodkim i dy pm éshts péretri pom (ime shenié plus kur dy rdhesite pam kané shenje te njgte dhe me shenjén minus kur shee kunddrt. a2 Fonkrioni. Limit, Vashdueshneia ‘Teorema 4 Prodhimi nj pamm by 46 me ni fusion @& in Himit 02 nryehim nga eto xc, Gehtep.r-m kur xe vary vas [béshtetur néteoremat mi pm, t genden limiet sn =8EA, 2B sinGe-3) SS iecate nes Sore perc Pants ate} ivxsing. a wet saygheeon xcia 10. 1g {D Funksioni. Limit. Vashdueshméta WA asiiahie 5046 Si sob Sepen(21-5e6)=1-3, pan tig? Dornan: (Hane wy Fe 2 (onze) change gt 2 esis 8. (x +sins)~s, sepee fi ans) TU, 1. TS trogohet «1 dhe sine jamd amv. #8 th nist rend lie kar #0. ahi: shiko packusiimin 3. 2.18 trogohot oo funksoni a(x) =sge-siny bts pan, e rend te ‘rots vogilea nf je me sue x0 ath: sik prkutiaimin 5(0 Funksions Limit, Vashucshmésia IIL, Ta vintotobet s fansionet miposhtim jant pan. L Laglechs pierre a ale) pee 8. alal=y pir rye, hu ee A alec ps0 oir 5 g(s}e2H8 pir? Bale? perso Vertetim 2, Te wep se pr Ve>0, av(e)>0/ How = fee mojo oe: 82 BA 1) Min w(t oa = Hoe a ‘hots fnksioni 2 ashi pm pr x, IV, Te virtotchon barazimato prafie, kur x-»0, wen eat 2 (Mal «lem, ne 8 hee aad % BFunksioni Limit. Vazhdueshinia Vértetion a Wiszened o Wieaat gy e=2, sgn © FRE © rene hatin: JRE = fi 0,576 «2+ 97" «2.019 Malkin Nogaritse pir J 076 jopvlerén 2,0189 22,018, ‘Shinim. Shenjat = (aftsishe ti barabaré) dhe ~ ( nidvlershém) Jean te nein uptim, & 1.8, Vazhdueshméria © funksionit Pr ni funksion y= f(x)$8 proaktuar néné zonéwrthuase te pikes =a, mund td paragiten kt poss rate: 1. Fonksioni y= /(2) nuk G2hté i pleakiuar 28 pikin s=0, dren okziston tin /(3). 88 pute caked i poreaktuar né x20, ndizea (2) sebtt i plzeaktusr né =o, ndérsa mule iston tin (2).1 Fanksion, Limit. Varhaeshmérin ‘Shemsbull. eet pte » Fuoksioni f(s)=|2.— perx=2 +. fo [st par >? “shed plreaktuae na pkin aN Nuk elton fin f(x), sepse imitet e nanshme N nukjané te berber tip (=) g=+) i (=n) 3, Funlaioni y=/(s) nuk debts i plteaktuar né pikén x=2 dhe suk eiston tim (2). ‘Shembut unlss f(e)e ak tb §preakune nb vs elke ig! mut ebstn, ps , ekziston 4. Ponksion y= F() dtu péteaktaae népiken tiny /(3) por lin (3) 2/2). Shembull 5, Punksioni y= (2) deh 1. i phreaktaar né pikin x= ” 2 Ponkstons. Limit, Vastdueshmétia 2. ekziston lin f(s) = 8. lim /(x)=f(a)~e " hs + Punksioni f(x): { ud se i ploticon te pikat e méxipérme, * Themis Rinks y= (2) sin nth it nga hate ase paseo vse pin 2, line quaint ik kept. No asin e pets nuke Komi pb Kut dot tut we pin funksoit y= 7s) nf t git base pean eke hi vio pandéeper krish pr rstn pet, epi Kt Pesta 1. Frunlsini = (a) qubet | vashiveshém nt pikin so, né got se la/=F(@ ku seek. Sipe yj pian fn nkson y= (tenes be dabet tb poise aber at late (dain nen ‘unpre aint rls/(z)= Je). 1. ana ths bata (jet unde real, anh. /() 08 inh pteaktune ne pk xe, pre /)oR 2 anaes «berms (gnc eto nf num el Pothole tn). 4. Nau vce arnimi (1) dl ein (a) dhe era (0) « 1) pr x=, det jn barat, ea i) (0) Pike xc ku cdnobet t8 paktén njéri nga ushet (1) ose (8) quhet ike képute eménjanueshme (jo thelbéeore)e f(+).Jothebisore, dm.th ti mésjamucshme, eepee i ate pik f(s) make ‘sha plrcaktuar, por eon P5¥46 23M Pika x=¢ ku eéinohet ashe @}, mth. muk ekatston lin (2) gubt pike pute e pamnjanueshme (helbeore). Pike x=o (keputje thelbaswe) qubet nit te paré nése ckastojnt limitetenjéanshime nd =o, por jané tb ndryshm. Sten , Pains) ESaeteriet tiie | reef tees [oper s>1 on iy Prandai ip (2) =tig(-t}=-t ae f(a} ti) =1 ‘Themi oe pike x= 1 Eshte pike Keputjethelbésore « Mit tb pare eputjadahté me lrgesb 1 Pika x=a (eputje thelbicow) quhet ¢ loi 6 dyte, nse t& paktin jr pre|limitove tb njganshém nuk ekziston ose ash. Ne figures prané Sebt® grafikes i funksionit Flelae' eR ku duket gata co pike x=0 esbts vend Dike képutjethelbecor e Ij & dtd, sepoe képuta. ne pikén x= 0 hte pafundine A Pérkuflzim | vashdueshmirisé ni giuhin @ shtesave Nise shingjmé xen te dhe dy=/()-f(e), ster berusr ni ivlershdsings tn f(e)=/(e} 2b /(e)—/(@)] =e Bin ay = 0 2 Fenksioni init. Vazhdweshmisia jopim par veshdvesbméing © f(s) n® aft pik ‘intr tb njvleraim me pdrkulisimin (2) i pérkficim Pérluizim 2, -unksiont (2) qubot i vazbdueshiim n pikin x= @né gata iy 0, Perkufizim 8 unksioni y= (5) qubet i vachdeshémm né nj interval Jad, apo segment [28], nése ai Gabté i vazhdueshém né gio pike t® kit Intorvali apo segment ‘Teoremat mbi funksionet vahduesbiin ni nfé pik ni nj segment [2,5] ‘Teoremé Gio Rinksion lementardebte i vashdusin né bashkisind E te Derealtini ‘Veretsia heel teamed nga orem (1) mb imine f(s) ‘Shini, Ple tuntsonet jo elementart 10ers lele}pea>e 2 veshdusrhim né pik kaitane x=6 aubet shayrbue nto ‘Teoremé 2 Nese f(z) dhe g(x) ane fanksione ws vazhdusshém nb pikan rac, atthe fre {evathducshem nb hats pit vibe: 1 s(e}te() 2 sabes) 8, £2, moieusne ge g(¢)20 £3, ma ema sf) ‘Teoremé 8. (Mbi rusifjen eshenje) Le ta jota ni fanksion f(x} i vachdueshon,(0 Punksion Limit, Varhdushméria ni pki =e dhe f(e}#0, atthort nse J(e)>0 lose J(@)<0). siendt 8 mums d>0 (oe <0) 8 gf nt znd reteset pikts be) Wham f(x} >a>0 ose f(s} <0) ‘Teoremé 4. (¢ Vaiershraeit) INeoe /(s) Sebth 4 vozbduosbim n8 [2], atshen8 nb td cegmnent ekxiton 15 palktin 1 pile, ks Fanksiont mere vlerén me to vogél m dhe t peltin m6 pike oy ku funksions f(s) more vlvén mé 88 madhe segment [2b] Pic funhsionin yasins 3 [024] kei piken g = hu sin the go ta in Eamet Fhe ‘Teorems 5, Funksioni i vashdueshém & opment [a] &6htd i kaffouar nt vet ea ty sist t& paktén 8 pik « [0.0] 6 ta ‘S()S f(a)=M pa do xe[at] dhe W palten ni piké « efa.8] © filo 0 f(2}2 f(e)om vir Vrelo), ab do te thts f(s) eshte econ [8] nga mamrat mde M 12 Funksion). Limit, Vashdueshmésia 013 pir fuksonin f(s) 8 vazhduoehim né 8 intaval Ja. Psh 3 reorents ‘unksioni i vazhduesham ne njé segment [a] funtion yin nt} scr n6 Lith segment ght wort ey Diss adam hers me og ake Setimadhe Mis Gj nati gman Date perv pelo, BM] sks pati aie pits co [00] ete e)= A rikécelaijesiees fe)=p a ‘Teoremé 7 Lo #8 jot ajo funksion w= g(x) i vashdutbim né xe dhe /(y) i vorhdueshém nf vlorén a= (6) , alihent funksioni i perbere (or) ésta i vaahaueshéme né pikin x5, “eorem 8 (Bazan - Kochi) Nese fonksiont 2) hit m6 anki i vahdueshim n6- nie segment [8] the senso) / (8), tbo esistn te patn nibpike rnee)ad{ esi 8 s(e)=0 (Georemat 1, 2 8,4 6,7, 8ipranoimé pa vrttim) Né iguré kei f(a)>0, #(0)<0 dhe to pita 6 ee He)=S@)=S6)=9 32 Funksioni Limit, Varhdwoshmésia TL. Testudiohet vashduechminia efunksioneve népilkatpétkatioe 1 ne xe? me ab ae2 mas ato ‘ st a0 5 wh vet lo rane 6 s(9)=+50) we 202 ka Bt) v0. m8 ae soo i peso Bye) ne red 1 or9-[te mero aw sat 1 prxe0 wre] ot at sshd 4s) 2 fe)=x6) 216-5 Wu sejaes(ons) 6 /je es nb x=, ku (sins) =fsins] nb =o {Fenksonl. inst Vaakduoshmésia WD aaidnjo 1 He) 2S ne 202 kami /(2) eR cope 2eB=[xeR 43} Poe kite fanksion conohot wht § pans vathdueshmtriad of fonkioit 8 ni 9d sepa hy funksion nuk hte 3 peeaktaan 8 “PT? pilen x22, dimth #2 Gabel pie higate @ 7G). Fer ‘8 péraktuar nise bi pike epute © ménjanueshie ope jo, shobin neo ebsiston tin (). Mogendse ekziston lim /(2) themi se a=2 taht piké kputie © ‘méejanveshme, danth. nse marrim /(2)= i /(s)=4, pj érfunksionin /(). Skin a's Fe) 2. /(s)=[2]- Gesohot: pueae pote ox) veelbstel ren te { aay wesespa ten inate std vachddica kit (x)=) 8-202. Komi /(2)=[2]=2eR, date f(x) esbia § pineaktuar né pikin x=2, pra plotsolr leet § port 5 nashdvechmeree, Shohin tse est Sr] bp o)=h 22 nti Lit: Vandi Lint tine ni, 2 1 hl on mk iin teh omcmr inate eshteninmns Fin 13 bt kt Mp pndsancimo hens» I ge ne te» pe Tae es (2.1) nb B(2,2)), Path fe] mh huss eZ ‘Sesser nehduchome gs re? of er “ge 4 1. £(0)=02 dh, ky fanksion hts i ——} eater 8 2 ABV om i 6) ney) 8. in (s)=1#/(0)=0. font ah vad, dmith. pika r=0 GHhts pike Kpute © ménjenuarhme, mth “nse marrim f(O)= tin f{s)1 pardons Sulksionin J ——> deado te vashduesbiin né =A, nl tajedn 14 /(e)=s fons} npn xe. (ins) Bobs pte. plots sins) 1 s(a)=rine]=n(o]er 0-088 F(3) dehte;poreaktuar nd phn c= dhe f(e)=0 2 Shatin nde ekistn en) 1 titi mai: /(o°)> i sine] ig 0-0 2 mit atc: f(s) ale )es(e) = maetston ms) CCenohat oat i vashaseshmis, mth pk x= ate pik pate paménjanueshme (slscore lj t par) me large &= i x-fi im =-(-1) 86 2 Fnksons. Lit, Vashdueshiria ‘Shean 3. pir Zcxcx hemi Oesinrel = [ins]=0 xe 2 pie nex tami -Lesne0 = fom por sacre of oeore tepetfunksions /(=}={in{ ls) wed per x20 Por vlore td parametrit “a” finksioni f(s) bihet i vazhdueshém né pik x=0 pir <0 Udhje (Qe ahet /(x) i varhdueshim a8 pilin x=0, duhet dhe mjaton gé lg s(e)=/(0)=0+0 aot Darabente: /(0°)=/(0") = 2 Siain, ters fe de nfs) pe #40 IIL Gjeni vlarat ¢ parametrave a adhe 5 né menyré gS funksionet jo tlementaré t6 dhéné, e8jene t2 veshdueshém ne bashkeésiné © tyrote paraltimit. pir #6 piroses?2 Renksions Limit. Vashdaoshmria 38 lasine per oss 2 slejefieoes per Bars Jo~ VB cos pir xSx SOR 2 fhe)a|(bedjemte pe oceck pe Bey e®® l(est}ee% pir Eee eS pir <0 aleve pir osxea 4 Me)=\ilasd)ei® po asx<6 aan pir sxc8 WD Zahidhie (x) bahet i vashdueshén nf 0 dhe x =2 nése limgy(2)=4(0) = abe lip (2) =f(2) =22+ Kita limite ekzstoind, prandaj limitet © njans soni listone dhe Janets barabarte ndéemyet eye Perpikin x20 £(07=lip/(s)=Hgl EF =} abe #(0")- Bim (2): Aeyoe) = o-§ + lim(oxst)~6 vecpikin sa )ep/(e)=ng(aret) ed abe ((2)= lig (2) = lig le—2he rao Ie }a/(e) = ante+t @ on} © Punksioni Limit. Vashdweshmsia & 1.9, Vottkontroll pér kreun e paré 1. Sindértohet basbkasia e numeave reat 2. 1, Te giender bashhdsiae péreahtimit B pr fanlsionin: fo} fo 2, Tegjendet /(2-1) ndoe feria? 3. Togjendet J" (x) nice /{2)=3i"(x—1) 8, Te studiohet gifts efunksiont f(s} = 4, Te stuiohet peridicitet i funksionit f(x 9 5. 1 Sipnspérkuliimst eb Kimi vagut 8 vlstetabet se 1 bin(?-6)=2 1. Te genden limit 1 fig ote 8, 1, Te vértetohet se &=1 dhe sinBx jané pim., £88 ajeitit rend opis, por # njbvershime, kur 2-90. 1 Te vrtetohet barazii i plrafert kur x-+0 finest »2 Funktion Limi, Verhduishinésia 8, To studishet veshdueshméri efunksioneve jo elemento verre ppt lo pernn 2 cca 1 paras 10.1, 78 peaks van peremetsis “8 mye ikon’ o Sonesta roel veo laviex pe x20 ‘ta jotaeud i varhdueshém m8 R 2. Te pacaktohen vera a parametrave "adhe “6 né ményré ‘8 fon! jo elementar, line pees Meyefivcon pa cnee \b-vVas pir SxS? 8 oti vashdueshim 2 [02] 0 KREU I I NJEHSIMI DIFERENCIAL © 2.1, Kuptimi i derivatit t8 funksionit 1 jet dod it union y= /() Svachduenhin ni segments [8] dhe y seeded | Direcin yy # quad ees te i ndcihore + ab pilin »se dhe © i Sind ! i ex an-(cth)-eoh. Pra Acmi. + Shincind MA. Direnctn f(a)-/(5) © aoa shied fanboy f(a) 8 pikén “edhe © shénoimt ay=(s,)-/(5)= se) F(e)= PM, Raportin LE*9=L09 guaims shpstisi mnatare Vt ndeyhimit ti vlerave 0 fanksionit /(x) kur ndtyshoria = mere verat nga ¢ né eo ku her’ ye othe Yo BE snae ty flee fle) debe aris 1. Desivat{fuskonst y= f(s) 8 pikin x= (inuar me /()) qubet tiyZ-F0) ase ky limit ezston 7eee pe (demgleLE gy Yemis 1. hex-e 2 hades Pickufaimi (2) mere nj tat ajélershme me 2, 8 sbprehur ngs Ky Pevkafisim 2 £)-ste Derivat i fanksionit y= /(s|, mé pikén r=e, qubet te ky linit elaiston, Pra: f(dtigZL0 Ky bara shpreh shpctnnd cast o ndtshimit 8 vor té Se), pikin ee [Nese 1) evendésoimé"e'me"2" do them: erkafisim 3. Dervat i funksionit y= f(z) népikén e garédoshme “y (ehenwar me Leys abet jp LEN Loy iit eit. Pra Fe) fg ZEHN LE) @ ‘Teoremé 1. ‘Dervatii fenksionit konstan (f(s) =4) Sch barabart moze, epee f{a}=k, peandal (0-1) Shtoss fanlsiont debts = Fe3) se)=* 1 Nichsin diterencial 1, Plefunksionin f(.)=Inx ginidenivatn nt pin x=e, spin lH) reg 2, Par fonksionin (x)= VE gjeni s"(4). aiane ain yp KEley, ant Non ia ley 1 tt tye BE ee ae Ong 8, Jopetfunksioni f(x) =cesx. Vertatoni co (coss)'=-sinx Vitalin Sips pleut (2 ebirasjnds Sent -mombean)cose _ Bein[erg}sing (cose) ~ ig h lr h ~ & sind e . 1p pact) -tataeesine ons) =-ae 2 (coas) Pérkufizhm 4 Funksoni y= /(3) qubet { desivueshém nb piken x limit (1) apo @) ekxiston, dam th. Eat nj mui ro 1 gat 0 Pérlaicin 6. Finland 7=7(3) ashe jo derives nt pikén ree (mth. ) nt eit (1) sp nk elas oSait ea deriva pafundza{Neha iter Péstuteim 6. Fanksion! 927s) aubot dxivuesh it inert Jt. 6 ao se ea dasivecham a got x18 ati interval No bit rst hkouhet J(a)eR, oa Perkutiain 7. Funksioni y=/(e) aulket i deriveshim nb =a (@po e=b) 1 scamentit [4], no eistoin Kimitt njtanshoe prkatise: ip ELE py ILD rojo pL Dexivatet /(o") he (0) auhen derivate 8 njganshme. ‘Teoremé: Kondite © nevojshme dhe ¢ minftueshme qé nié funksion /(3) i vazhdueshio né pikin xe 2 ket derivat né WAL pike, Eshtb 18 flaistind derivatet ¢ njimshme fe), P(e) dhe jont oe ef. barabarté: s{e)=s(€) ‘Sbirunime niles (e)= Pe }=tea P(0)=! {Werttise © sea) teoreme rejh nga teens plokatios bi ‘Sesto ett 8 pl), Shem. Pér Runksionin f(e)=JIFA kemi E=[2te{ . Virtotni oe ky fukin nak ahi devirueskm 8 pk x= 2 Varietim Snytlntna/')- ty AL sgt ian FA-0 4 ESET fy ig! Soe ea ie |B Neti diferencia! Barsrimi, iy “24 - uo trogon (einas pérhulisiit 6) so funksiont ss)=ViE-A nok bt denivueshtin nd pin x= 2, Stembull 2 Vertotoni so funksioni (s)=aVi abt i derinueshim ® pikén rade k [044 Vertetim lig Ve Vio tween (ipae pérkefiimit. 7) 28 funksioni vf ehvd i devivweshim né pit st ‘Shinim. Nose funksioni y= f(x) debt doriveeshém né interval of, atehers derivate) *(x) taht nj funksion ivi g(x) i shénuar #(e)= FC), Wee Jat ‘Teoremé 2, [NG uit se funksiont y= (x) G6hte 5 derinussham né pikn xe attheré al éehte edhe i varhdueshéma ni x=. Vertetim [Nga pirkufisimi Time ableraajmes +0 dice. [AtShoré per he0 dete i éstta bars He+i)-f()= LALO. o nko’ (s) Said bint derivado 28 pikén x =, prands} shit fy LE a estat me 4) Cian ates vet edhe bras lie alo limit pr ho» 0, 8 t dy andte borin (-LEASED yp LLC8) Fle) i » lig = "(e020 inl P(e48)-F(e]}= 042 fim ay =0 o Barasini i vite (2) regonse f(s) fehee vashdueshém né pktn x= Varejtie¢ réndésishine Pohimi i anawelé i kessj taoreme mule sahtsglithmond i vetot ronda} pobimi “Fumksioni } vaahdueshiém ‘ne piken e Oshte. ‘erivueshem na cma Eats torent then me qart: nga vashdueshmiéria¢ f(x) nb pik ¢ mak reed Gerivueshmria e (2) née undershembull pr sim Je perast nko (0) ttre geet shi vanes dhe 8 pikén =] porn ht i esieshim seks pi. Gahts i vashdueshém pir Yee A, pr Vertetin Qs teekxitoj 7"), dubeves esto dhe ts jn tb barabarté derivatat ening rer) hy Per x funksioni jo elomentar dhand sees aN Aerracsns (9) = [7S 7 1pety>1 Ne pt itera x= kom: 1 deriva isi (=p (3) tg 2 dovvat djs -(F) =f (3) = (1). Me gn oe /(r)es(),asherd (0) sketaiston. Rrjedhim. Funksloni gé nuk eshté i vaahdueshim né pikin Ascivucahims ni =e le aabte j % Nyohsimt diferencia! Ushesime 1 Gieni vierat e parametrave a dhe b, nf miényré gf fumksionet rméposhtm te jené & derivusehiin nplkn perkates fPwuine veret wo Te enesecsen face 18 20S oer pore 210 neue poet ste pest +10 Ea mot oun weft bee rere as ss) {eo pe meta nt perso 1 ease mone sr me SH Zailahje. aries wrso sf Te eaten) Deke y funksion i derives né pin x= 0 esti vashduochim nd 2=0 1. Fanksiont (3) | vashdueshém né pln x0, do tht se ‘kzistoind dhe jand t@ barabaré ndémniet- tyre limitet © nifanahém a8 2=0: (0) =/(0") se ig (=a? cin. ”Niohsimt diferencial in{(e-a}e? (ae 8]s+(e-b+1)]=0-544 Deleo a ‘Per 20 funksion i din ésht i desivueshém: | ca pie xe 2(o-1)s-(e+0) ptr x>0 2, (x) i dorivueshém né x=0-,/(07)=/(0") P(O)= Hels tol -vafa ai) (x2) toe 41 per re? 6 s0)- = 1 1. Funksion!f(e veins nx =2 do hea tins meee? Bhajan to barabarté nda tyre Tite enjdans Fe )-12). 4. Por x2 flo dha ht dervusehém dbo sy a[o-2) 400 pers ae Punksioni f(x) idevivushim ns x =20 /(2)=7'(2*) 1 an trent 1) tgfote-2 oa in (2) inf are] tao o Baronet rdhe2 ={82'°" > ended ’ 3 HL, Te gjondon (sipas pérkufzimit) derisatet e funkstoneve ni bashlasth «eye t perealtimit. LiF bee 2. fe}sons? ER 3. f()-me B= posel eR 5. f(a)=sine Bak Wzgiianic Pe Yee tom: (ITF) tg ET PE ‘Sbiojmé me kt koniuguarn ¢ murs cee ee oe) ee) Bw ew | -{g™ =, (2x01) u tase _tzite “nn ee1 Nhs dierent 4.2.2. Rrogullatederivinit eoremt 1 Nese f(s} (2) and dy fonbsine dese winter Jil ater hina ete [/(e) 4] nit fankin i derives Jif abe sts rete bars: [/(3}+ (=) =") 8'C0) verte a tpt ltd xe} ae S(0)= f(a} Te wegins se funk’ shum S(z). edt i denvueshtm 08 pikin J dhe S(x)= FG) +8'(2). Nes lusts hen (3) de g:) 8 derieuesim nt Jad, panda sus caine. FG) fig ZENS) 6», ani hak dh (+2) Force brain Ser) "5)_steeW)-/C),slert)-e6) gy " ; Kadi pe hs 0 bth dyandtobaratinit Gi) pg SESE pp fleet M0) ag sle Bl payee), Atal tog se hison oto lini ants bmi dhe ait eet ey > Neu barazimet (, @) =5'(x)=s"a)+a'(x). Duke atvendésuar S(x)= F(x) +a(x), kemi [f(2)+2(s)]= F(x) +82) Teoromé 8 Nise ay fkaione f(s), g(x) jané 1 deviaaabim nt pik x fad 8 interval other unkon F(x)» (x) tak {driest pttn x deeb ttt tarsi P(so[F a} a0} Fh e()+ (=e) roigt2N en 100 1 Nitto aiterencil Vertetim {japim pikes seJoaf oi tes atedo hel” ete gf (c+) Dy fanksionetf(2), g(2} dhe rodbini i ye Ps) do tb aren seat verhatie: Ser) -F(ah eCeo8)=aloys Ple+8)-P) Kashi P(e)=/2}a(a)= Flee) -P(a)=/(eet)-e(een)-s0deCe) Plesd)PadeLsloeAlaleen-foeA)atel]osleeRetel-Meletede> Per) -PG)=Sevdlfstaen-e(s)] sb0Lsa+8)-1(0)] EP yy, HEPA gy LEH) no @) ‘Kalojm x8 limit pr A+0n6 ts dy andt © ki) barazimi. $8 pari fonksioni (x) i derivoshém né pik x, été edbo i verhdueshém no tik, ponds) fm (2+ A)=/(3) Se i nga devivwshaéria eed funksionve f(s), e(«)né piken x SCH) 69) dhe py EMLL, 7) + a ishto, limi antes datos & barainit (@ alsston de hte 5 barabant me: f{s)-¢s)+2(2). °C) Se troti me qené ae elaiaton Limit i anda of diathta t& (, do kzistoj adhe limits} ands 8 mat ue h0 Pra, jn E=AIAPO ayn p(s} e(e)9/10) 216) ° aentcint P(x)" /() (3) dhe nga) (else tel} fe )+ £2)-2(2), shhruaing: Rrjodhimn [« /(s)}'=2 /(s), bu cea Varsetim [esta se'seloere) 0/6307) rs)2 Neti torenciad ‘Teoremé 8 Nete fukin (2) potaon dy ashe 1. debe dorivuosm na intorval Jo, 2 2(2)#0 pte vee a ertetd ara laal ste) atéher® funksiont 1 gahts i doriweshim né Jo.h[ dhe &ehte i 20))""#) (Feoremén epranoine pa vrei. ‘eoremé 4 Nisofurkiones (2), (2) San 1. ty 8 darivuoshim n 8 interval Joof 2 ran (x}40 pir vee at ni (6) hin a iret brant (2 ~fbete)-e) #0), #®) ‘Vertetim nko eh driven af Jf, prandaj ede funk fg ts den ioe) sien (4 8) ae) see! (Gta Leebele)s(e)-e0) ae) tito (2 1a 1B Nets diferencia Dorivatitunksionit t# perbaré y= [o()] ‘Leth jté din funkeiont i parkeré fous + fu(s)] ‘Teorems 6. 1. Nise funksioni n(x) cahte derivueshém n8 pik», « fll 2 funksioni f(x) Sot i derieshsin i pilkén n,-u(x) atbhert funksioni i panbine /[o(s)] She i dervuesbion ne ide me x i pln, de 8, oshoé i verte harazimi: y% (5) =y% (4) (4) Vartatim I japim 21 mjd shook A cb HS 8 (+-+8)e]a{ dhe chtess u=u(s+A)uly) jot endeyshme nga ve, pre #0 (Rastin 42 =0 eshabim vegas) ‘ur fusion! w(x) morr shtesén au, edhe funksioni y= f(x) mere siesta 4y=f(4 + 0)~F(4) '& pari, me end te Fusion x(a} ka divas npn, theta ‘abte i vaahdueshiém ni kété pike 7, prands (spas pérkusiximit th ‘yt vechdueshrioé 9 fanksiont) do Reig fig =. ‘SB dyti, me gent se fonksionet u(x) dhe f(y) jané + derimueshim pinketisisht nd pikat x; dhe 4, othen8elietsiné dy limiot SEPM) a) dhe AO) 6) py) gy ‘Sé trot, pér t8 vertetuarteoromén, marrim barasimin ¢ wértets (pir he ar'0) Kalo né Kimi: pée b> 0 de+0 di sipasbarasimere (1) em: (aban) fg 42. wept oe 103{© Nichsin diterencial ‘Me gant so eksiston limit 5 anés sé @athts 18 barazimit 2), attheré ‘lzicton ede ° [Nga barazimet ‘Per nis ikt gard Jo. arasimi (4) mere trate ‘shes formula pr derivatin funksiont 2 perbrs (/8)(3) [ete] Shinim, Né resin kur ae=0 ptr gdo hy do té Kemi fenbsionin onstantw(s)=c peandajw{x)=(@) 0 Nga ana etar edhe futon! onetant nb dhe mex. Panda y Nga baraini bun num real, tegn 8 formula edhe kur ad lal) =s(cl=a tate peri 86. y=S(a) Gahte i veddueshom dhe monoton nd By atéhors ' funksion! i anal ij x= p(y) ka deriva, (Teoremén ¢ pranojmd pa vsti) ‘Teoremé 7 [Nise Sehth dhind jb fusksion nb tried parametzike fests teens y (Teoremén e pranojind pa vstetim) Rrogullate deriviesit, La flee AGlete hl] sar Filelte Sla)eotea Sl) D Nichsint diferencia! 2 [Pebetl] =) 2080) [ye 00)) =) 264) +2 h/ C6) AG) eM IE) 80) ~ fa) reas] Beh ‘TABELA E DERIVATIVE, (astt e pérgithshme) astotvesants) 2 (et ]=eVer re) (Jaa sire] re 3 [eM] <2. tea (oJ =0-tna a [er] ee) (yee 5 (oe Le) 6 © (oreo) 7 7. (sioL72)]) em) 1) 8 cos[/(2))) =-siL 7) ) “Vel athe 29 (all SEY 1s(2 eh aiterencat 2 (reset) FE (ene neh 2 (weno) REE, (eres) = by 18 (eesl stay) 20, (wow) = 4 (acon a EB, (eco Ushtrime 1 Mbéehtetur ne rregullat baz tédesvimit #gjendon derivatet¢ Tanksioneve eae eres yee eax yar’ air pate Wie yon-na', 08k potas ww. yot Ie Myer 2 OORT 12. y=(acsd}(exed) eeneee ewe 1D Nhsimsditerencial ssyetoee4 ° S 18 y=ving yl? ae) 2.y=[Ia(box)] 16.y= Byres th yenferaT} 5. yale ade 1,(tes 26.r-gu(t2) a yoaneseaee 28 poapevcoter 28. yoann De 1. yax dens 2e0n1—5 2. yeas 238. y=Ia(coex) 6 y=to( R35) 35 y=h() elas(2 Njehsim diferencial 40. yng B41. yonesin( 2-1) 49. yar "() 48, ymarceos(a) 48. yatosine) 48.y-ania( 47) 3.50. yar sn ivan sin free 1 108 41. yracsin( Shas f(e)ne-t dba nga y= /()) kom ere 24) eet 80. y=orerg OEE in Us) zeiianje Njohsin diferencia AES 2 vate (fe) = SEL -2(0viar a} 52 yar 1. logritnjm dent et bara. Inyele( 22-1 ely 1) (23-1) @ ‘Shénim. Per ushtrimet 53 ~ 65 t8voprohet si 8 uchtrimin 82. IL Ti genden derivatete funksionove té pabjelluae yn dbje se dryshoren x 1 2 a 4 vs. 1092 Nichsint dterene rete afta) © 2.8. Kuptimi gicomotricderivatit Perkutisi ‘Tangjentené pn 4, 8 oii qubetdeetien AGT gf shes posiions limit nie reréseje farkdo AGI, kur pike M shin kab pka My duke érehkusr vj, nése y limit skiston dhe abe jvm, Ne Ka breceh-ewheigh dha bynslert) Diutve Fat ZENLD oy pee 4m ®t Pra /"(c)=tea, a Gchté Mend gb formon tangientia MoT me os, he tga Eeht® oeRcienti Kindor i Aretéats tangionte AT, (k=tz) Kuptimi ajeometrik i derivatit. «3 funksionit y= f(s} né piles x=6 sprehet me anne barsrimit: F{c=koiee . mth. dervati 5 funksionit y= f(s) no pikér e=e fohte 5 barabort® me kestiientin uo D Njohsims diferencia leindor A 18 tanglontes nds} graikut kit) fanksioni nb pikin Miles) 1. NB rasta kur funksioni y= (2) ea dervat ni pin, stthoré arafika i tj fombsioni ka fangiote. t8 vetme ne pikin Mele) de ekacion’ 5 kaa} tangent, si ekuacion retéras S 7 sme kotficient indo t dhéné, ae of kalon nga pik M, (13) abt y=, —k0(r—m). Ket ne F(a) dhe k= (x), prandajekuedoni i tangients m8 kate rat shhriet ni trajtén: yf (24) =") (2m). Kur (x) #206 palm, ashen ngs arene dls ind eos 8 tangnten mex bd a= mth tangent ‘ebtdpingul me 2k abe ke ekuaconin = s) Stent 0). 8, Kur J'(s) nok easton (2m th) derivai§ majté che i dint ktistajné na pin x, por jan 18 ndepshém), graf nk ka tengjente nt kan Myler) Shembull Panksoni f(2)=[sns] nuk ka davivatnépikin 4470). Ne piken M, jané ay tangjente te —a nryshme: 4, Mi, um