Book Eight

LEVEL EIGHT STUDENT’S BOOK Proactive English System ®
LESSON PROACTIVE LEVEL EIGHT (INTERMEDIATE FOUR) PAGE OBJECTIVE
1 PHONETIC BOARD AND EXAM REVIEW - EXAM REVIEW
2 DINING AND LIVING ROOMS 2 VOCABULARY
3 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS 5 INT. GRAMMAR
4 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE 8 LISTENING COMP.
“VERB + PREPOSITION” AND

5 12 INT. GRAMMAR
“ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION”
“DO” VS. “MAKE”, “HAVE” VS. “TAKE”
6 17 INT. GRAMMAR
AND “AS” VS. “LIKE”
7 TRIAL COURT AND CASES 20 READING COMP.
8 SING ALONG 24 LISTENING COMP.
9 THE BEDROOM, THE BATHROOM AND THE KITCHEN 28 VOCABULARY
10 THE ARTICLE “THE” 32 INT. GRAMMAR
11 IDIOMS WITH “GIVE” AND “TAKE” 37 VOCABULARY
12 ADVERTISING ON THE AIR 40 LISTENING COMP.
13 ADVERTISING 44 FUNCTIONAL
14 FALSE COGNATES 47 INT. GRAMMAR
15 IDIOMS WITH “GO” AND “GET” 51 VOCABULARY
16 SING ALONG 54 LISTENING COMP.
17 “OTHER”, “ANOTHER” AND “THE OTHER” 58 INT. GRAMMAR
18 PROVERBS AND SAYINGS 61 VOCABULARY
PHONETIC BOARD 64 PHONETIC BOARD
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LESSON 2 VOCABULARY AND ROLE-PLAY

THE DINING ROOM AND THE LIVING ROOM
1. ________________ 
2. ________________ 
3. ________________ 
4. ________________ 
5. ________________ 
6. ________________ 
7. ________________ 
8. ________________ 
9. ________________ 
10. ________________ 
11. ________________ 
12. ________________ 
13. ________________ 
14. ________________ , -
15. ________________ 
16. ________________ , -
17. ________________ 
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AT THE TABLE
1. ________________  16. ________________ 

2. ________________  17. ________________ 
3. ________________  18. ________________ 
4. ________________  19. ________________ 
5. ________________  20. ________________ 
6. ________________  21. ________________ 
7. ________________  22. ________________ 
8. ________________  23. ________________ , -
9. ________________  24. ________________ , -
10. ________________ , - 25. ________________ 
11. ________________ ,  26. ________________ 
12. ________________  27. ________________ 
13. ________________  28. ________________ 
14. ________________  29. ________________ 
15. ________________ 
ROLE-PLAY SITUATIONS: Improvise a conversation using as many of the new words as possible. Be
creative, act, have fun.
a) Setting the table

b) Having dinner
c) Washing the dishes
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1. ________________  11. ________________ , -

2. ________________  12. ________________ 
3. ________________  13. ________________ 
4. ________________  14. ________________ 
5. ________________  15. ________________ , 
6. ________________  16. ________________ 
7. ________________  17. ________________ 
8. ________________  18. ________________ 
9. ________________  19. ________________ 
10. ________________  20. ________________ 
a) Just married couple decorating their house

b) Meeting with your friends watching the “Super Bowl”
c) Cleaning the place after the reunion
d) At the carpenter shop
e) Opening wedding presents
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LESSON 3 WRITTEN REVIEW OF “REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS”
GRAMMAR REVIEW. The reflexive pronouns are:
SINGULAR PLURAL
MYSELF OURSELVES
YOURSELF YOURSELVES
HIMSELF, HERSELF AND ITSELF THEMSELVES
We use reflexive pronouns when:
 The “Subject“ and the “Object“ are the same person; when the action returns to the doer.
 We want to emphasize that the doer did the action without anybody’s help.
 We want to say that the doer did something without company (With the preposition “By”).
Study the following formula and examples:
EXAMPLES:
1. George cut himself when he was shaving this morning.

2. Hey guys, if you want more, serve yourselves.
3. The calculator turns itself off after 10 minutes.
4. Don’t call a plumber, do it yourself.
5. The kids repaired the bicycle themselves.
6. Paul Mc Cartney played all the instruments himself in his first single album.
7. She doesn’t have any relatives, actually she lives by herself.
8. I don’t like eating by myself.
9. She’s only 16, but she went to Europe by herself.
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EXERCISE 1. Read and analyze the following examples, write on the right side what the reflexive pronoun
expresses:
a) When the action returns to the doer

b) No help
c) Alone
1. After her parents moved to McAllen, Evelyn started to live by herself. ______
2. It’s our fault. We blame ourselves. ______
3. Tom and Ann stood in front of the mirror and looked at themselves ______
4. Benjamin repaired his computer himself. ______
5. I’m not going to do it for you. You have to do it yourself. ______
6. Mary cut herself when she was chopping onion. ______
7. Do you enjoy traveling by yourself? ______
8. Let’s paint the house ourselves. It will be much cheaper. ______
9. The film itself wasn’t very good, but I liked the music. ______
EXERCISE 2. Complete each sentence using “Reflexive pronouns” and one of these verbs:
Blame Cut Express Put

Burn Enjoy Hurt Buy
George cut himself while he was shaving this morning.
1. Bill fell down this morning, but fortunately he .

2. It isn’t her fault. She really shouldn’t .
3. They had a great time. They really .
4. Please try and understand how I feel. in my position.
5. Be careful! That pan is very hot. Don’t .
6. Sometimes I can’t say exactly what I mean. I wish I could better.
7. The Simons finally a house.
EXERCISE 3. Fill in the blanks using “Reflexive pronouns” (Myself, yourself, ourselves, etc.) or “Object
pronouns” (Me, you, him, her, us, etc.).
1. Julia had a great vacation. She really enjoyed herself.

2. It’s not my fault. You can’t blame .
3. What I did was very wrong. I’m ashamed of .
4. We’ve got a problem. I hope you can help .
5. Can I take another biscuit?
Of course. Help !
6. Take some money with in case you need it.
7. Don’t worry about Tom and me. We can take care of .
8. I gave them a key to the apartment, so that they could let in.
9. When they come to visit us, they always bring their children with .
10. Peter bought a hamburger, but he didn’t bring one for !
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GRAMMAR REVIEW.
“Each other” is used to express “Reciprocal actions”.
 Joe helps Jane, Jane helps Joe. They help “Each other”.
It’s different from saying:
 “Joe and Jane help themselves” because in this case Joe helps Joe, and Jane helps Jane.
EXAMPLES:
1. Diane and Hans like each other.

2. They gave each other a present for Christmas.
3. They listened to each other’s problems.
4. They asked for each other’s address.
EXERCISE 4. Complete the sentences using “Reflexive pronouns” or “Each other”.
1. How long have you and Bill known each other ?

2. If people work too hard, they can make sick.
3. I need you and you need me. We need .
4. In Mexico, friends often give presents at Christmas.
5. Some people are very selfish. They only think of .
6. Nora and I don’t see very often these days.
7. It was a dangerous place, so we locked inside the house.
8. They had a discussion, and they don’t speak to now.
9. We’d never met before, so we will introduced ourselves to .
NOTES:
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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LESSON 4 “EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE” (LISTENING COMPREHENSION)
1. APPROACHING THE TOPIC.
APPROACH QUESTIONS: (ANSWER VERBALLY)
1. What is intelligence?
2. In how many ways can a person be intelligent?
3. How would you describe the personality of intelligent people?
4. What do you think is an appropriate profession for intelligent people?
5. Read the title of the lesson. What do you think the lesson will be about?
Read the statements in the opinion survey. Decide if you agree or disagree with each one. Explain your
opinions using examples from your experience.
AGREE DISAGREE
Intelligence can be accurately measured.
People are born with a certain amount of intelligence and it doesn’t change.
Scientists and mathematicians are more intelligent than artists and writers.
Very intelligent people do not have good social abilities.
Emotions do not help us think logically.
People who get good grades in school will also do well in their careers.
VOCABULARY EXERCISE. Read the following sentences. Circle the word or expression that is closest in
meaning to the underlined words.
1. How do you handle your anger? One way is to do something physical, like going for a walk. By the time
you get back, you won’t feel angry anymore.
a. Hide b. Express c. Manage
2. Some people do not respond in a positive way to criticism. They either become angry or depressed.
a. Agree b. React c. Listen
3. Some people feel that they must make a big fuss in order to get what they want. They get angry and
complain until they get their way.
a. Complain loudly b. Become worried c. Remain calm
4. We must learn to deal with setbacks. When things go wrong, we must keep going and not let the
problems stop us.
a. Choices b. Surprises c. Disappointments
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5. I love the class I am taking now. I feel very enthusiastic about it.
a. Confused b. Unhappy c. Excited
6. You will get depressed if you always dwell on failures. You should think about positive things.
a. Think about b. Forget about c. Look for
7. Some people always seem to take life in stride. Difficulties don’t seem to bother them, and they can
keep living happily.
a. Take it easy b. Worry about everything c. Exercise regularly
8. It’s a bad idea to give up when you can’t solve a problem. Try looking at it in a new way, and eventually
you will find a solution.
a. Feel sad b. Stop trying c. Ask for help
9. She’s a very sharp manager. She’s intelligent and perceptive about her employees’ problems.
a. Smart b. Reliable c. Easygoing
10. It’s common to feel resentful when other people succeed. But instead of feeling jealous, you can study
them to find out what they did to succeed.
a. Strong and proud b. Surprised and confused c. Hurt and angry
11. When people are in trouble, it’s important to empathize with them. By recognizing their feelings, you will
be able to help them better.
a. Understand b. Ignore c. Change
12. When you make a mistake, it’s better to swallow your pride and admit that you did something wrong.
Then you can try to correct the problem.
a. Taste your pride b. Express your anger c. Forget your pride
VOCABULARY PHONETIC BOARD MEANING / EXAMPLES
1. ___________________  Adj. + prep. Inclined to or tending to do something.
2. ___________________  Adj. Animated, motivated.
3. ___________________  N. A duty, obligation or responsibility.
4. ___________________  V. To get difficult.
5. ___________________  V. To remain calm.
6. ___________________  V. To attribute our responsibility to someone else.
7. ___________________ , - N. A person who advises couples in trouble.
8. ___________________  N. Concessions, the acceptance of a situation.
9. ___________________  N. Defects.
10. ___________________  Idiom. To reserve, separate or save something.
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2. INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC. You will hear a radio interview with hosts Claire Nolan and Bill
Rodney about the Emotional Intelligence Quotient (E.Q.). Listen to the beginning of the interview. Then
discuss the questions.
1. The main focus of this discussion will be _____________.
a. How to test a person’s E.Q.

b. Whether E.Q. can be learned or not
c. How to use E.Q. in the workplace
2. Bill Rodney will interview three people about their ideas on E.Q.
What do you think their opinions might be?
3. LISTENING FOR THE MAIN IDEA. Listen to the entire interview. Complete the chart as you listen to
each person discuss his or her opinions about E.Q.
WHAT IS THIS HOW CAN A HIGH E.Q. CAN E.Q. BE LEARNED

PERSON’S JOB? HELP A PERSON? OR TAUGHT?
Betty Cortina
Jim McDonald
Jan Davis
4. LISTENING FOR DETAILS. The people in the interview mention many qualities a person with a high
E.Q. might possess. Read the list of qualities. Then listen to the entire interview again, one part at a
time. Check the qualities you hear mentioned.
A person with a high E.Q. can . . .
PART ONE
_____ 1. Respond well to others _____ 5. Make a big fuss

_____ 2. Talk openly about feelings 6. Approach problems in different ways
3. Be patient and easygoing _____ 7. Let negative feelings get in the way
4. Control his / her emotions
PART TWO
8. Have a positive, enthusiastic attitude _____ 12. Have creative ideas

_____ 9. Use time effectively 13. See how his / her behavior affects others
_____ 10. Respect others 14. Work well with other people
11. Respond well to change
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PART THREE
_____ 15. Convince people that he/she is correct _____ 18. Get promotions at work
16. Empathize with others 19. Swallow his / her pride
17. Control his / her reactions when angry _____ 20. Apologize effectively
5. LISTENING BETWEEN THE LINES. Emotional intelligence includes skills such as understanding one’s
own emotions and relating well to other people. In his book, psychologist Daniel Gomeman lists the five
main skills of Emotional Intelligence.
Read the list of skills in the box. Then listen to the excerpts from the radio interview. You will hear about
situations in which people did not possess one (Or more) of the five main skills. Write the skill(s) each
person needs to develop and why.
Five Skills of Emotional Intelligence
 Self-Awareness: Understanding your own emotions.

 Self-Control: Managing your own emotions.
 Self-Motivation: Using your emotions to get things done.
 Empathy: Understanding other people’s emotions.
 People Skills: Relating well to people.
Excerpt One
Skill(s) needed: .
Why? .
Excerpt Two
Skill(s) needed: .
Why? .
Excerpt Three
Skill(s) needed: .
Why? .
6. SPEAKING TOPIC.
ROLE-PLAY. Working in pairs, choose one of the situations. First role-play characters with a high E.Q.
Another couple should role-play the same situation representing low E.Q. people. Review the five skills
of E.Q. to clarify your ideas.
SITUATION 1: A Boss and an Employee.
You are extremely busy and have to give a report at an important meeting tomorrow. One of your
employees just gave you information that you need for your report, but she / he didn’t give you all the
details you need. There is very little time, so now you will both have to work until late tonight. You are
quite annoyed.
SITUATION 2: A Married Couple.
You are tired. Your wife / husband begins to criticize you because you left your dirty dishes in the sink.
You don’t think you’ve done anything wrong. You think she/he is not being fair to you. You are very
annoyed.
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LESSON 5 GRAMMAR REVIEW “VERB + PREPOSITION” AND

“ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION”
GRAMMAR REVIEW. There are no specific rules to know which “Preposition” should be used in a
specific situation in English, and they cannot be literally translated from another language.
For example in Spanish you hear “Depende de …”, but in English we say “It depends on …”
Most “Verbs” require specific “Prepositions” (Some of them don’t even need one). Other verbs can
be combined with a number of “Prepositions” to form “Idiomatic expressions” or “Idioms”, which
have completely different meanings. We will study these “Idioms“ later in this course.
“Adjectives”, on the other hand, also use specific “Prepositions” in different situations. Study the
following information and examples: (Give more examples for each case you learn)
VERB + PREPOSITION
VERB PREPOSITION EXAMPLES:
_____________ _____________ I always listen to the radio while I study.
_____________ _____________ She has to speak to her boss.
_____________ _____________ They’re going to the movies. (Except for: “Home”, “Downtown”, or “Verb ING”)
_____________ _____________ It depends on my mom if I will go or not.
_____________ _____________ Don’t pay attention to what they say. Focus on your work.
_____________ _____________ I have always dreamed about a Ferrari.
_____________ _____________ You don’t have to answer now. Think about it.
_____________ I often think of my family.
_____________ _____________ Don’t laugh at me, this is serious!
_____________ _____________ Mrs. Jones was shouting at her husband last night.
EXAMPLES OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS

IDIOM MEANING EXAMPLE:
_____________ To see Just look at that car!
_____________ Trying to find something. I’m looking for a house near here. Please tell me if you see one.
_____________ To take care of s.t. / s.o. He looks after the baby in the afternoon.
EXERCISE 1. Fill in the blanks using the correct “Preposition”.
1. Listen your parents. They always have the best advice.

2. Look that house. It’s very strange!
3. Are you going Orlando this summer?
It depends my final grades.
4. Do you want me to speak your father?
I don’t know. Let me think it.
5. The dog doesn’t like to wear the sweater because the children laugh him.
6. John! Don’t shout your sister.
7. It’s not bad, but I still haven’t found what I’m looking .
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ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION
1. WHEN WE DESCRIBE SOMEONE’S ACTION

“Nice”, “Kind”, “Generous”, “Polite, “Rude”, “Stupid”, etc. OF someone to do something.
EXAMPLES:
1. It was nice of you to help me.

2. She didn’t invite us to her party. That was very rude of her.
3. The company donated a million dollars for the program. That was generous of them.
4. It was intelligent of the president not to answer the aggression back.
2. WHEN WE DESCRIBE THE ATTITUDE OF A PERSON TOWARDS ANOTHER ONE

John is “Nice”, “Kind”, “Generous”, “Rude”, etc. TO George.
EXAMPLES:
1. Shrek is very nice to Fiona, but he’s very rude to her parents.
2. You’re the teacher’s pet. She’s very kind to you.
3. You should be more polite to your mother-in-law.
4. Dr. Robinson was very kind to the audience.
a) A friend of yours got pregnant and she comments to you about it

b) You didn’t check your car before going out of town and it broke down. Talk about it with a friend
c) Some friends invite you to have dinner at their house
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3. ANGRY OR FURIOUS ABOUT SOMETHING / WITH SOMEBODY
EXAMPLES:
1. The crowd was furious with the Mayor.

2. Are you still angry with me?
3. I’m furious about the referee’s call.
4. She’s angry about the incident.
4. EXCITED, WORRIED, NERVOUS, HAPPY, ETC. ABOUT SOMETHING
EXAMPLES:
1. The kids are very excited about the excursion.

2. Are you nervous about the interview?
3. What’s the matter with you?
I’m worried about the situation in the Middle East.
4. She’s happy about her new job.
a) You and your friend are getting ready for a job interview
b) You and your mother are preparing your fifteenth birthday party
c) You are about to present your professional exam
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5. SORRY ABOUT SOMETHING / FOR SOMEBODY / FOR DOING SOMETHING
EXAMPLES:
1. I’m sorry about the accident.

2. I feel sorry for all the victims.
3. She is really sorry about last night.
4. She says she’s so sorry for acting that way.
6. MISCELLANEOUS ADJECTIVES + PREPOSITIONS
ADJECTIVE PREPOSITION EXAMPLE
1. ________________ __________________ I’m afraid of dogs.

2. ________________ __________________ Are you aware of the situation in Israel?
3. ________________ __________________ She’s capable of speaking 5 languages.
4. ________________ __________________ The fridge is full of beer.
5. ________________ __________________ We’re not going because we are short of time.
6. ________________ __________________ The guys just wanted to drink. It’s typical of them.
7. ________________ __________________ We’re tired of waiting. Let’s go.
8. ________________ __________________ Guadalajara is famous for mariachis.

9. ________________ __________________ He’s responsible for the quality of the production.
10. ________________ __________________ I’m surprised at her English. It’s quite good.
11. ________________ __________________ Thomas Alba Edison was good at inventing things.
12. ________________ __________________ They were impressed with the new airport.
13. ________________ __________________ Lets’ eat something else. I’m fed up with hamburgers.
14. ________________ __________________ Everybody is interested in the project.

15. ________________ __________________ I’m not sure about it. Let’s ask somebody.
16. ________________ __________________ German is similar to English.
17. ________________ __________________ The film was different from the book. I didn’t like it.
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EXERCISE 2. Fill in the blanks using the “Adjectives” in parenthesis and the corresponding “Preposition”.
1. I went out in the rain without an umbrella

. (Silly)
2. She offered to drive me to the airport.

. (Nice)
3. Bill Gates donated 3 million dollars to the homeless.

. (Generous)
4. They didn’t invite us to the party.

. (Not nice)
5. Can I help you with your luggage?

. (Nice)
6. Kevin didn’t thank us for the present.

. (Not polite)
7. They are mad, so they don’t talk to each other.

. (Childish)
EXERCISE 3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate “Preposition”.
1. I was surprised what happened.

2. It was nice you to help me. Thank you.
3. Please don’t be rude me.
4. It was careless you not to lock the door.
5. They didn’t reply to our letter. That wasn’t very polite them.
6. I’m fed up the City Mayor’s promises.
7. Linda doesn’t look O.K. I’m worried her.
8. I’m sorry crashing your car. I hope you’re not angry me.
9. The kids are really excited the trip to Disneyland.
10. We are sorry the accident.
11. He’ll take a trip to Yucatán. He’s interested the Mayan culture.
12. Are you afraid sharks?
13. Guadalajara is famous Tequila.
14. Yes, I know, men always do that. It’s typical them.
15. I’ll look another job. I’m tired doing the same thing every day.
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LESSON 6 WRITTEN REVIEW OF “DO” VS. “MAKE”, “HAVE” VS. “TAKE”

AND “AS” VS. “LIKE”
“DO” VS. “MAKE”
GRAMMAR REVIEW. “Do” and “Make” have very similar meanings, so it’s sometimes a little difficult
to know when to use one or the other. There are no specific rules, though we tend to use “Make”
when we “Produce something”. Study the following information and examples:
VOCABULARY EXAMPLES
1. _______________________ I won’t go out this Saturday. I have to do housework.

2. _______________________ Richard does his homework right after having lunch.
3. _______________________ Could you please do the dishes tonight?
4. _______________________ Who does the laundry at your house?
5. _______________________ The girls are doing their hair for the party.
6. _______________________ The children did a lot of exercise, so they went to sleep early.
7. _______________________ I promise I’ll do my best.
8. _______________________ I wonder if you can do me a favor.
9. _______________________ We’ll have a meeting. Let’s see if we can do business with them.
10. _______________________ Hurricane “Gilbert” did great damage.
11. _______________________ This report has a lot of mistakes. Please, do it over.
12. _______________________ “What do you do for a living?”
“I teach English.”
13. _______________________ We’ll make “Smoked salmon” for Thanksgiving Day.

14. _______________________ She makes her own clothes.
15. _______________________ Give me a second; I have to make a phone call.
16. _______________________ You made a mistake, but don’t worry. It’s not a serious problem.
17. _______________________ James’ car makes a lot of noise.
18. _______________________ I know you can do it. Make an effort.
19. _______________________ I’m the genie in the bottle. Make three wishes.
20. _______________________ O.K. Let’s make a deal. I’ll do it today, but you will tomorrow.
21. _______________________ We have to make an appointment with them as soon as possible.
22. _______________________ May I speak to the manager? I want to make a complaint.
23. _______________________ Could you please make room for one more student?
24. _______________________ You’re making great progress with your English.
a) The boss and his secretary

b) The housewife and the maid at home
c) Women gossiping at the beauty parlor
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“HAVE” VS. “TAKE”
GRAMMAR REVIEW. “Have” and “Take” also have very similar meanings, so it’s sometimes a little
difficult to know when to use one or the other. There are no specific rules, so we have to learn the
correct one in every case. Study the following information and examples:
VOCABULARY EXAMPLES
1. _________________________ We had a good time at 6 flags last Sunday.

2. _________________________ Let’s have a drink to celebrate the business.
3. _________________________ I’ll have a chance to repeat the exam.
4. _________________________ What will you have for lunch, Mr. Wayne?
5. _________________________ The children have a bad cold, they can’t go out to play.
6. _________________________ My uncle had a terrible accident when he was riding his horse.
7. _________________________ To have relation to s.t. I have nothing to do with “Green Peace.”
8. _________________________ Wet Backs don’t have a voice in American Congress.
9. _________________________ Be interested in s.o. / s.t. Donald has his heart set on Daisy.
10. _________________________ Be injected. I’d better have a shot. I’m very sick.
11. _________________________ Take an aspirin. It’ll help you feel better.

12. _________________________ To sleep after lunch. I used to take a nap when I was a child.
13. _________________________ We usually take an exam at the end of the month.
14. _________________________ To consider. Take all the effort he has made into consideration.
15. _________________________ To use a good opportunity. Take advantage of the discount!
16. _________________________ To assume something is sure. Don’t take the deal for granted.
17. _________________________ Surprise someone. They took Al Capone by surprise.
18. _________________________ Relax. Be calm. Take it easy. The exam is next week.
19. _________________________ To look like. Johnny takes after his father.
a) At the doctor’s
b) At the bar
c) At a business meeting
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EXERCISE 1. Fill in the blanks using “Do”, “Make”, “Have” or “Take” in the right tense.
1. Why don’t you a nap? You look very tired.

2. Felix has great progress in class.
3. We a good deal with a Japanese company.
4. You can succeed if you a big effort.
5. It was a pleasure to business with you.
6. My boss never me into consideration.
7. it easy. You can have a heart attack.
8. Can you me a favor? an appointment for me. I need to see the doctor.
9. Gosh! I have to the laundry this Saturday.
10. Your homework is not correct. it again.
11. You have to check your car. It’s a lot of noise.
12. We a good time at the party last night.
“AS” VS. “LIKE”
GRAMMAR REVIEW. “As” and “Like” also have very similar meanings, but we use “As” when we
are talking about real stuff while “Like” is used when we are comparing similar items. Study the
following information and examples:
EXAMPLES:
1. Victor Trujillo works as a clown. (A real one)

2. Homer Simpson acts like a clown sometimes. (He looks like a clown, but he’s not a real one)
3. That building was used as a hospital during the war. (A real one)
4. I don’t like the decoration of your office. It looks like a hospital (It has the look, but it’s not a hospital)
EXERCISE 2. Fill in the blanks using “As” or “Like” + one of the following:
A beginner A birthday present A church

Blocks of ice A problem Winter
A palace A child A tourist guide
1. This house is so beautiful. It’s like a palace .

2. Margaret once had a part-time job .
3. My feet are really cold. They’re .
4. I’ve been learning French for a few years but I still speak .
5. I wonder what that building with the tower is. It looks .
6. My brother gave me this watch a long time ago.
7. It’s true that we disagree about some things, but I don’t see this .
8. It’s very cold for the middle of summer. It’s .
9. He’s 22 years old, but he sometimes behaves .
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LESSON 7 TRIAL COURT AND CASES
VOCABULARY PHONETIC B. EXPLANATION
1. ________________  N. A professional majored in law. Usually the defending part.

2. ________________  N. A lawyer that usually acts in the accusation part.
3. ________________  N. The part that tries to prove that the defendant is guilty.
4. ________________  N. The person who accuses the defendant, usually the victim.
5. ________________  N. The person who is supposed to have committed the crime.
6. ________________ , N. The part that tries to prove the innocence of the defendant.
7. ________________  N. A group of people who decide if someone is guilty or not.
8. ________________  N. One member of the jury.
9. ________________  N. The highest authority in court. He decides the sentence.
10. ________________  N. A legal action taken against a person or company.
11. ________________  V. To start legal action against someone.
12. ________________  N. A person who saw what happened and testifies.
13. ________________  N. The seat where witnesses sit to testify.
14. ________________  N. Word used to express disagreement with the way the
other part is proceeding.
15. ________________  Adj. Word that the judge says in order to accept an objection.
16. ________________  Adj. Word that the judge says in order to deny an objection.
17. ________________  Adj. Said of a person that is found responsible of a crime.
18. ________________  Adj. Legal word to mean “Innocent”.
19. ________________  N. Amount of money a defendant can pay to be set free.
20. ________________  V. To pay a bail so that a person is released from prison.
21. ________________  N. A reduced time granted to criminals for good behavior.
22. ________________  N. the person who types all that is said in court.
23. ________________  N. An artist who works with marble and stone.
24. ________________  V. Asking a woman to marry you (Continuous form).
25. ________________  N. The back bone.
26. ________________ ,  N. Girlfriend.
27. ________________  N. Critical moment when the situation changes.
28. ________________  N. Legal interruption of a patient with a terminal disease.
29. ________________  N. Professionals who take care of patients.
30. ________________  N. Assassination, the act of killing.
31. ________________  V. Attacking with a knife or similar weapon (Continuous).
32. ________________  N. A person that walks and acts while he’s sleeping.
33. ________________  V. Tears, sniff, sniff. The child cried loudly (Past).
34. ________________  Adv. With a lot of pain. Sharply.
35. ________________  Adj. Real. The actual name of the Spiderman is “Peter Parker”.
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CASES. Read the following cases. One student reads a paragraph and another one explains it. Once you
have finished a complete case, act it out in front of the class. Then role-play the trial according to the
elements shown in the display of an American court. Write the resolution of the court in the space provided.
Continue in the same way with case 2.
Court display
CASE 1. “IT’S MY LIFE” at the city hospital and the doctors find out he’s
REAL CASE TAKEN FROM THE MOVIE “IT’S MY broken his spinal cord. He won’t be able to
LIFE”, WITH RICHARD DRAYFUS move from the neck down for the rest of his life!
This is a young and prosperous painter and After these events, and no matter his
sculptor. He has a lovely 25-year-old girlfriend. condition, his fiancée promises to take care of
They’re very much in love and enjoy each other’s him and encourages him to keep fighting and
company quite a lot and hang around everywhere, remember their plans and dreams. He completely
parties, restaurants, etc. They have a very active disagrees with her and asks her to leave him
social and sexual life! alone and forget about him arguing that he won’t
be able to stand a life without touching her, loving
After a couple of years of hard work, good her as they used to. Besides, his living comes
luck and the right contacts, he accumulates a great from art, and he won’t be able to do it anymore.
amount of paintings and sculptures that interest the How?
owner of a well-known, prestigious gallery. He’s
given the chance to exhibit and succeeds! This The turning point of the story comes
grants him a considerable fortune and fame when he demands for a lawyer and asks him to
worldwide. That week, after proposing to his “Better arrange whatever is necessary to have
half” and making promising wedding plans hoping for euthanasia legally applied, as long as he can’t
a long-lasting happy life together, a friend of theirs kill himself. His main argument is: “It’s my life,
invites them for celebrating his success. For some and I am the only person that has the right to
reason she leaves earlier and he stays till late at decide how to live it or how and when to end it.”
night. The girlfriend, nurses (Who become close friends
of his) and doctors try so very hard to convince
On the way back home, under the influence of him not to go on trial, but don’t succeed.
alcohol, he has a terrible accident, crashing directly
into a trailer. He’s taken to the ER (Emergency room)
Resolution of the court: .
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CASE 2. “SLEEPWALKER” His next-door neighbor declared that he’d

REAL CASE TAKEN FROM THE AMERICAN heard screams by his neighbor’s pool and out of
NEWS REPORT “20/20” ON ABC fear he looked out the window finding out that
there was a dead body floating in it and called the
This is the story of a regular medium-high police immediately. Later on, the police arrive
class American family. The husband is an honest and find out that the wife is dead and the rest of
quite smart engineer, loving father and husband. the family is comfortably asleep! Including the
His neighbors comment that they had never heard husband. They arrest him because it was evident
of any argument or family problem. that he had been the killer. He still had his hands
full of her blood.
One day, after a hard day at work (He
declares later in court), he gets home, has a light He cried bitterly when he found out his
dinner, kisses the wife, son and daughter good wife had been brutally murdered! Good actor?
night and goes to bed. Almost immediately after Actual sleepwalker? What do you think? The trial
he fell asleep, he started to have a terrible story begins here.
nightmare in which he finds himself in a position
in which he is attacked by a monster and has to The children claim that they believe their
struggle for his life until he finally kills it! dad blindly because he had never shown
aggressiveness or any harmful attitude towards
The truth is that he actually killed his wife them or their mother, though they say their dad
brutally! Stabbing her more than 40 times by the had not ever shown any signs of sleepwalking
pool! He leaves her in the pool, not hiding any before! Although psychologists say that this
evidence (Body, weapon, blood, anything) and condition can arise in any person at any point in
goes back to bed. his live.
VOCABULARY PHONETIC BOARD EXPLANATION
1. ________________  N. Evidence.

2. ________________  N. Unique mark that we have on the tip of our fingers.
3. ________________  Adj. Real. Not false.
4. ________________  N. Concept. What is real. You should always tell the truth.
5. ________________  N. Something said that isn’t true. It’s also a verb.
6. ________________  N. An electrical devise used to know when someone is lying.
7. ________________  V. To demonstrate a fact.
8. ________________  N. A piece of evidence. Doctors take blood samples for tests.
9. ________________  N. Genetic test used recently to identify a person.
10. ________________  N. The maximum punishment for a crime. Execution.
11. ________________  N. A person who steals or robs banks or whatever.
12. ________________  N. When they rob a house, a bank or something.
13. ________________  V. To pressure s.o. to do s.t. or suffer a consequence.
14. ________________  N. Bang!
15. ________________  N. Sexual abuse.
16. ________________  N. Depriving a person of freedom by force. “Mocha Orejas.”
17. ________________ , - N. Kidnap.
18. ________________  N. Money to rescue s.o. who was kidnapped (Also a verb).
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19. ________________  V. To grab an innocent person until demands are met.
20. ________________  V. To ask for money for keeping s.t. in secret, for example.
21. ________________  N. James Bond is a famous spy.
22. ________________  N. A person who sells illegal drugs.
23. ________________  N. Devices used to attack. Guns, knives, etc.
24. ________________  N. Revolvers and other fire weapons.
25. ________________  N. A multiple shot weapon. Ra-ta-ta-ta-ta…
26. ________________  N. Short kind of knife.
27. ________________  N. Stick used by policemen to keep the order.
28. ________________  N. Chemical weapon used to paralyze a person.
EXERCISE 1. Make up your own story. Write it down in the space provided. Have your teacher check it, and
then read it to the class. If there is time, take each case to court.
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LESSON 8 SING ALONG “TO BE IN PRESENT” VS. “DO AND DOES”
IMPORTANT POINTS TO CONSIDER WHEN SINGING ALONG:
Singing along is a good opportunity to practice what you have learned so far, and have lots of fun! However,
there are some important things to consider:
1. SLANG. Slang is an informal form of language and expressions that are considered unacceptable in
formal speech and writing. Slang is a form of localism in a language. Some expressions may differ from
country to country, and even more, from city to city or counties.
For example: “Gonna” instead of “Going to” …“Nothing’s gonna stop us now…”
“Wanna” instead of “Want to” …“I wanna know what love is…”
“Gotta” instead of “Have to or have” …“my baby’s gotta secret smile…”
2. RHYME vs. GRAMMAR. Just as in poetry, as long as music is a form of art, sometimes composers play
with language in order to make it “Sound” good. It is not strange to hear “Mistakes” in word order,
pronunciation or even verbal forms in a song.
For example: “She’s got a ticket to ride, but she don’t care…”
3. BLENDING. This phenomenon occurs when fluency is fast enough as to hear a group of words appearing
like one single word. The blending is formed by the union of the last sound of a word with the first sound of
the following word. It is important that at the beginning you get the right number of words in a phrase.
For example: “The new kid in town”
You can easily think that the singer says something like “Kidding”, but he actually blends the “Kid” sound with
the “In” sound.
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4. LOGICAL GRAMMAR. Sometimes it is very difficult to catch every single word in the lyrics of a song.
When this is so, no matter how many times you hear a line, you won’t get it. Sometimes the problem is that
we don’t know the vocabulary, even if you identify the sounds, you might not understand what it means.
What you have to do is deduce the meaning of the word from its context in the song and look for it in a
dictionary or ask your teacher. It can be a “Subject”, a “Verb”, an “Adjective”, etc. Just remember that every
sentence in English needs a “Subject”, and a “Verb”. This can be the verb “To be” if you are talking about
“Descriptions”, “Locations”, “Nationalities”, etc. or any other verb in present, in past, in future, etc. Keep in
mind that sometimes you need auxiliaries too. Having good grammar basis helps us reconstruct the complete
sentence even if we couldn’t catch every word individually.
STRUCTURE
DESCRIPTIONS ACTIONS
EXAMPLES:
1. What does Linda do? A: How are you today?

She studies law in Harvard. B: I’m fine thank you, and you?
2. What does Joaquin López Dóriga do? A: I’m so-so.
He reports news. B: Why? Do you have a problem?
3. Where does The Pope live? A: Yes, I’m a little sick.
He lives in The Vatican. B: Oh, I’m sorry! Do you need anything?
4. Where does the president of Mexico live? A: Yes, please. Do you know a good doctor?
He lives in “Los Pinos.” B: Yes, I know one. Here is his phone number...
VOCABULARY PHONETIC BOARD EXPLANATION / EXAMPLES
1. ________________  N. An opinion.

2. ________________  N. A small amount of something.
3. ________________  V. Being nostalgic for not having something (Continuous).
4. ________________  N. Control.
5. ________________  Adj. Unable to see.
6. ________________  V. To abandon something.
7. ________________  Idiom. To help.
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NOWHERE MAN
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1. ________________  V. To pay special attention to s.o. to romance (3rd person).

2. ________________  V. Informal “Want to”.
3. ________________  Idiom. To stay and wait at a place.
SOMETHING
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1. _______________  N. A big smile.

2. _______________  N. A stupid person.
3. _______________  Adj. Something stupid.
4. _______________  V. Turning around in small circles. The CD spins very fast.
5. _______________  Adj. In a high volume. Please speak louder, I can’t hear you.
6. _______________  V. To realize. He didn’t notice I had cut my hair, Sniff!
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THE FOOL ON THE HILL
________________________________________ __________________________________________
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1. _________________  N. A little car you use at the super market or to carry cement.
2. _________________  N. An electrical bus that has some kind of antennas.
3. _________________  N. A store where you can buy jewels such as rings, etc.
4. _________________  N. Unit used to measure precious stone’s or metal’s quality.
5. _________________  Invented expression of happiness.
6. _________________  Exp. Going O.K. “Bro” is short for “Brother”.
OBLADI-OBLADA
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LESSON 9 VOCABULARY AND ROLE-PLAY

THE BEDROOM, THE BATHROOM AND THE KITCHEN
1. _________________  10. _________________ 

2. _________________  11. _________________ 
3. _________________  12. _________________ 
4. _________________  13. _________________ 
5. _________________  14. _________________ 
6. _________________  15. _________________ 
7. _________________  16. _________________ 
8. _________________  17. _________________ 
9. _________________  18. _________________ 
a) At a hotel room
b) Mother and daughter cleaning the house
c) Buying furniture
d) Newly weds opening presents
28
1. _________________ 
2. _________________ 
3. _________________ 
4. _________________ 
5. _________________ 
6. _________________ 
7. _________________ 
8. _________________ 
9. _________________ 
10. _________________ 
11. _________________ 
12. _________________ 
13. _________________ 
14. _________________ 
a) Cleaning the bathroom

b) The plumber and the housewife
c) The housewife and the architect (Remodeling the bathroom)
29
1. _________________ 
2. _________________ 
3. _________________ 
4. _________________ 
5. _________________ 
6. _________________ , 
7. _________________ , -
8. _________________ 
9. _________________ 
10. _________________ 
11. _________________ 
12. _________________ 
13. _________________ 
14. _________________ 
15. _________________ 
16. _________________ 
17. _________________ 
18. _________________ 
19. _________________ 
30
1. _________________ 
2. _________________ 
3. _________________ 
4. _________________ 
5. _________________ 
6. _________________ 
7. _________________ , -
8. _________________ 
a) Preparing lunch / dinner

b) Cleaning the kitchen
c) Washing the dishes
NOTES:
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LESSON 10 WRITTEN REVIEW OF THE ARTICLE “THE”
GRAMMAR REVIEW. There are two articles in English: the indefinite article “A / an”, and the
definite article “The”. We normally use the indefinite article when we are not talking about a
specific thing. “I need a pen.” This one or any other; it’s the same. On the other hand, when we refer
to a specific item we use “The”. “Give me the pen.” That one, the one you have right there.
Sometimes, however, it’s not that easy to know when you need to insert the specific article or not.
Study the following rules and examples: (They’ll help you use the specific article “The” correctly)
Rule 1. We use “The” when we are talking about particular items, but when we speak in general, we
don’t.
EXAMPLES:
IN GENERAL IN PARTICULAR
1. Children learn quickly. (In general) Let’s take the children to the movies.
2. I’m afraid of dogs. (In general) The dogs are hungry.
3. The doctor told me not to have sugar. (In general) Please pass me the sugar.
4. I go to church every Sunday. (Church in general) They are painting the church. (The building)
Rule 2. We use “The” when there is only one item of something.
1. He’s the champion.

2. Ask the teacher.
3. Paris is the capital of France.
Rule 3. We do not use “The” with singular proper names.
1. Kevin.
2. Africa.
3. Mexico.
4. Dr. Robert.
But we use “The” with plural proper names.
1. The Simpsons.
2. The United States.
3. The Bahamas.
4. The Netherlands.
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Rule 4. We use a “Specific article” when we have:
1. The White House.

2. The Eiffel Tower.
3. The Anthropology Museum.
Rule 5. Conventional. We use “The” with:
a) Rivers, oceans, seas and canals.
1. The Atlantic (Ocean).

2. The Amazon (River).
3. The Suez (Canal).
b) Conventional.
1. The sky.
2. The sea.
3. The country.
4. The environment.
c) Musical instruments.
1. The guitar.
2. The piano.
3. The drums.
4. The saxophone.
d) Conventional.
1. The movies.
2. The theater.
3. The radio.
4. The same.
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Rule 6. We do not use “The” with:
a) Bed, work and home.
1. I go to bed early.
2. He went to work.
3. I have to go home.
b) When we have:
1. Teacher Edward is in classroom 5.

2. Dr. Johnson is in room 101.
3. Please open your books to page 15.
EXERCISE 1. Complete the sentences using “The”, “A”, “An” or just a blank.
1. Did you have nice vacation?

2. Where is nearest gas station?
3. Do you listen to radio?
4. children usually like candy.
5. Let’s take children to the movies.
6. I would prefer cheaper car.
7. They arrived at same time.
8. capital of Argentina is Buenos Aires.
9. We visited Statue of Liberty.
10. We have to board through gate 15.
11. Let’s go to the stationary store. I need pencil.
12. women love going shopping.
13. Did you watch news yesterday?
14. We’ll be taking class in classroom 4.
15. doctor told her to stay in bed for a couple of days.
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EXERCISE 2. Complete the sentences using one of the following. Use “The” where necessary.
Basketball Patience Hotels Grass

Information History Water Lies
Questions People Meat Spiders
1. My favorite sport is basketball.

2. The information we were given wasn’t correct.
3. Many people are afraid of .
4. A vegetarian is somebody who doesn’t eat .
5. The test wasn’t very difficult. I answered all without difficulty.
6. Do you know who live next door?
7. is the study of the past.
8. George always tells the truth. He never tells .
9. We couldn’t find anywhere to stay in the town. All were full.
10. in the pool didn’t look very clean, so we didn’t go for a swim.
11. Don’t sit on . It’s wet after the rain.
12. You need to teach little children.
EXERCISE 3. Put in “The” where necessary. Leave a space (---) if the sentence is already complete.
1. Who is --- Doctor Houser? (The sentence is complete without “The”)

2. I was sick, so I went to see doctor.
3. ___ president is the most powerful person in Cayman Islands.
4. ___ President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963.
5. Do you know Wilsons? They’re a very nice couple.
6. Do you know Professor Brown’s phone number?
7. She felt a little sick, so she went _ home.
8. May I erase blackboard?
9. Louve Museum is very large.
10. You have to practice many hours a day to play piano very well.
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EXERCISE 4. Answer the following geography questions choosing from the options in the chart. Write
“The” if necessary.
CONTINENTS COUNTRIES OCEANS AND SEAS MOUNTAINS RIVERS AND CANALS
Africa Denmark Atlantic Alps Amazon

Asia Indonesia Indian Ocean Andes Danube
Oceania Sweden Pacific Himalayas Nile
Europe Bulgaria Black Sea Rockies Thames
North America United States Mediterranean Urals Suez Canal
South America Germany Red Sea Kilimanjaro Panama Canal
1. What do you have to cross to travel from Europe to America?

You have to cross the Atlantic .
2. Where is Argentina?
.
3. What is the longest river in Africa?
.
4. What country is Stockholm the capital of?
.
5. What country is Washington the capital of?
.
6. What is the name of the mountain range in the west of North America?
.
7. What is the name of the sea between Africa and Europe?
.
8. Which is the smallest continent in the world?
.
9. What is the name of the ocean between America and Asia?
.
10. What is the name of the ocean between Africa and Australia?
.
11. Which river flows through London?
.
12. Which river flows through Vienna, Budapest and Belgrade?
.
13. Of which country is Sophia the capital?
.
14. What joins the Atlantic and Pacific oceans?
.
15. Which is the longest river in South America?
.
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LESSON 11 IDIOMS WITH “GIVE” AND “TAKE”
GRAMMAR REVIEW. “Idiomatic expressions” or “Idioms” are phrases or groups of words that
have a completely different meaning from that of the words they contain individually. You need to
know at least the most common ones. Study the following idioms and examples:
IDIOMS WITH “GIVE”
IDIOM DEFINITION EXAMPLES.
1. ________________ Not to care about something. I don’t give a darn about politics.
2. ________________ a) To present a bride at the church. Her brother gave her away at the wedding.
b) To reveal s.t. unintentionally. The kid said he hadn’t eaten the cake, but the
chocolate around his mouth gave him away.
3. ________________ To give something for free. Wal-Mart gives cake away on its anniversary.
4. ________________ To return s.t. Please give me my book back. I need it.
5. ________________ To surrender. She gave in and bought the child some candy.
6. ________________ To surrender. Japan gave up after the atomic bombs.
7. ________________ To emit s.t. Your car gives off a lot of smog!
8. ________________ To hand out. Please help the teacher give out the copies.
9. ________________ To provoke s.t. The attack gave rise to a war.
10. ________________ To make someone’s life hard. Bart gives Skinner a hard time.
11. ________________ To stop doing s.t. You should give up smoking.
I gave up bread. I’m on a diet.
EXERCISE 1. Fill in the blanks using the appropriate “Idiom”. Make sure the tense of the verb is correct.
1. She took all the clothes she didn’t wear anymore, and she them to the poor.
2. Hurry up! The teacher is the exams.
3. Since her father died years ago, her brother her at the wedding.
4. I told her like a million times, but she didn’t seem to what I was saying.
5. Bart is usually the teacher .
6. She said it didn’t matter, but her expression her .
7. This fish a very bad smell. Is it still O.K.?
8. The disagreements between Muslims and Jews violence in the Middle East.
9. I’m about to finish reading your book. I’ll it to you next week.
10. Your drinking problem is killing you. You should it .
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IDIOMS WITH “TAKE”
IDIOM MEANING EXAMPLE
1. __________________ To have the experience for s.t. He has what it takes to be the manager.
2. __________________ To consider s.t. Just take into account the effort we are making.
3. __________________ To abuse s.o. Employers take advantage of illegal workers.
4. __________________ To use an opportunity. We took advantage of the discounts at Sears.
5. __________________ To remove. They took the fallen tree away this morning.
6. __________________ To become valid. The new law will take effect next year.
7. __________________ To assume that something. Don’t take her love for granted. Be nice to her!
will happen for sure.
8. __________________ Leaving the ground (Planes). The airplane will take off at 2 o’clock.
9. __________________ To accept a responsibility. He took on the new project.
10. __________________ To participate. He has taken part in many seminars.
11. __________________ To look like somebody. The baby takes after his father.
12. __________________ Don’t worry. Relax! Take it easy! It’ll be O.K.
13. __________________ You have only one option. This is what I can pay. Take it or leave it.
EXERCISE 2. Fill in the blanks using the appropriate “Idiom”. Make sure the tense of the verb “Take” is
used properly.
1. Big children usually younger kids at school.

2. Everybody says the baby his grandfather.
3. Go to gate 18, and hurry up ma’am. The plane is about to .
4. Mr. Simpson the development of the new materials, and he did a great job!
5. My boss all my overtime and gave me a special bonus.
6. Delia to be in charge of the office.
7. The new fiscal law on January 1st.
8. Waiter! Please this bowl. It has a fly in it!
9. Who in the meeting?
10. Don’t that you will pass the exam! You have to study.
11. that garbage from your house! It looks awful.
12. Come on! ! You’re not my mother.
13. This is the only model we have. .
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EXERCISE 3. You have 5 minutes to write a free composition in the space provided using as many of the
“Idioms“ we just learned as possible. Have your teacher check it, and then read it to your classmates.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
NOTES:
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LESSON 12 “ADVERTISING ON THE AIR” (LISTENING COMPREHENSION)
1. APPROACHING THE TOPIC. APPROACH QUESTIONS: (ANSWER VERBALLY)
1. Look at the picture. What product is

this advertisement trying to sell?
2. How does this advertisement catch
your attention?
3. Would you like to buy this product?
4. Look at the title of the lesson. What do
you think this lesson will be about?
5. In how many different places can you
find advertisements?
VOCABULARY EXERCISE. Read the sentences. Find the synonym or phrase in the list below that is
closest in meaning to each underlined word. Write the letter in the blank.
1. Advertisers use our emotions to encourage us to buy products. They make us feel happy or
sad, for example.
2. After seeing ads for milk, more teenagers in Australia started drinking milk. This shows how
advertisements can really influence what we buy.
3. Advertisers control our feelings by using emotional appeal that attracts our attention.
4. We all like to hear funny stories, so advertisers often use humor in their ads.
5. It wouldn’t be good to make a funny ad about a serious product. These things just don’t fit.
6. In the world of advertising, some companies specialize. Some only create ads for radio while
others only create ads for TV for example.
7. By emphasizing cheap prices many advertisements use our thriftiness to get us to buy.
8. The goal of the advertiser is to get us to focus on the product. If we don’t think about the
product when we watch the ad, it is not working.
9. Sound effects, music, and songs are different techniques that advertisers use to make their ads
interesting and easy to remember.
10. Our egos make us want to look good in front of others.
a. To have an effect on someone or something f. Personal pride we have of ourselves

b. Systems to do specific things g. To pay attention or concentrate on something
c. Funny things that make us laugh h. To match or correspond
d. Feelings i. Desire to save money
e. To become an expert doing only something j. Attractive things that make you interested
40
VOCABULARY PHONETIC BOARD MEANING / EXAMPLES.
1. _________________  N. Little insects that suck the blood from a dog’s skin.
2. _________________  Adj. Annoying, irritating. “Mosquitoes are very pesky.”
3. _________________  N. What you feel when you want to scratch.
4. _________________  V. Washing up a dog (Continuous).
5. _________________  Adj. Irritating or aggressive.
6. _________________  N. What goes around a dog’s neck.
7. _________________  V. To take longer than usual. “The flight was delayed.”
8. _________________  Adj. At a lower price. “It is on sale! 50% off!”
9. _________________  N. Frey, Dico, etc.
10. _________________ , - N. A fancy car. Mercedes Benz, Jaguar, Rolls Royce, etc.
11. _________________  N. Gym.
12. _________________  V. To reach good physical condition, not fat.
13. _________________  V. To wash just with water. To remove soap or shampoo.
14. _________________  N. A speech. In this case, a class.
2. INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC. Listen to the first part of the lecture on advertising.
1. What will the rest of the lecture be about?
2. Listen to the excerpts from the ads. What product do you think each ad is selling?
Ad 1 Product: __________________________________________.
Ad 2 Product: __________________________________________.
Ad 3 Product: __________________________________________.
3. LISTENING FOR THE MAIN IDEA. Listen to the lecture. Match each product with its corresponding
emotional appeal.
Emotional Appeals Products Advertised
a) Thriftiness Doggie’s Friend flea collar

b) Humor “Younger You” hair color
c) Ego Benton’s Furniture
Circle the correct answer.
1. The professor plays examples of radio ads ______ the lecture.

a. At the beginning of b. Throughout c. At the end of
2. The professor presents the information in ______ manner.
a. An organized b. A confusing c. A formal
3. In this class there is ______ participation from the students.
a. A lot of b. Some c. No
41
4. LISTENING FOR DETAILS. Listen to the CD again. Circle the best answer to complete each sentence.
1. Last week the class talked about the ______ of radio advertising.
a. Effectiveness b. History c. Cost
2. Advertisers create humorous ads in order to help us ______ certain products.
a. Remember b. Ignore c. Understand
3. The Doggie’s Friend flea collar has a ______ that fleas don’t like.
a. Noise b. Smell c. Color
4. Advertisers don’t make humorous ads for ______ products.
a. Expensive b. Funny c. Serious
5. At Benton’s Furniture there is a 50 percent discount on ______.
a. Coffee tables b. Card tables c. Dining tables
6. The Benton’s Furniture advertisement uses a _____ technique to encourage us to hurry to the store.
a. Countdown b. Singing c. Musical
7. People buy luxury cars so that they can look ______.
a. Strong b. Rich c. Safe
8. Kathy ______ a grandmother.
a. Is b. Is not c. Is hoping to be
9. It takes ______ minutes to get results from “Younger You”.
a. Ten b. Seven c. Five
10. Tomorrow the professor is going to talk about ______.
a. Other appeals b. Other kinds of advertising c. The cost of advertising
5. LISTENING BETWEEN THE LINES. Before creating ads, we have to decide the target audience. We
can direct the ads to women, men, or teenagers for example. Listen again to the advertisements from
the lecture. Check the characteristics that describe the audience for each ad on the chart. You may
check more than one characteristic. Discuss your opinions with the class.
AD 1 AD 2 AD 3
Sex: Male
Female
Age: Birth-12
13-19
20-39
40-59
60 or more
Income: Poor
Below average
Average
Above average
Rich
42
6. SPEAKING TOPIC. Creating Radio Ads. Create your own radio advertisement to perform in class.
Preparation
a. Decide what product you would like to sell and what it would be used for. Give it a name.
b. Decide what emotional appeal you will use. (Humor, thriftiness, ego, fear, etc.)
c. Write the sketch for the ad. Be creative!
d. Practice for the performance. Tape-record your ad If possible.
Performance
After you perform your advertisement, the other students should answer the following questions.
a. What is the product?

b. What emotional appeal is being used?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
NOTES:
43
LESSON 13 ADVERTISING
1. _______________ ,  Expression. “Definitely!” “For sure!”
2. _______________  Adj. A very intelligent person.
3. _______________  N. The newspaper, printed material.
4. _______________  N. Propaganda work. Political campaigns, etc.
5. _______________  N. Money coming from selling services or products.
6. _______________  Adj. Happy.
7. _______________  V. What you want to say.
8. _______________  V. Not using something in the best way. Misusing.

“Don’t waste your time. Study something!”
9. _______________  N. Software for writing texts. “Word”, “Word perfect”, etc.
10. _______________  N. Objects that help you to do a job. Hammers, pliers, etc.
11. _______________  N. Short form of “Advertisements”. Commercials.
12. _______________  N. A person who plans and publishes ads.
13. _______________  N The objective or goal. Also to focus your attention on s.t.
14. _______________ ,  Adj. Not one nor the other. I don’t like coke. I don’t like
Pepsi either.
15. _______________  Abbr. of exempli gratia. Similar to “For example”.
16. _______________  Adv. Not expensively.
17. _______________  N. “Ariel”, “Foca”, etc.
18. _______________  Adj. Rich.
19. _______________ , - Adj. Quite elegant, expensive, and maybe not necessary.
20. _______________  N. People in a specific city or area.
21. _______________ , - N. The amount of money that a worker receives as salary.
22. _______________  N. People who work in an office.
23. _______________  N. People who work in a factory.
24. _______________  N. Old people who may be retired.
44
1. CONVERSATION
Boss: The thing is, our new word processor needs more advertising. Exactly, the question is: What kind
of advertising? Now, I thought a lot about this, and I think we should try a television campaign.
Wilbur: I couldn’t agree more, sir!
Boss: A good TV campaign could increase sales by 50%!
Wilbur: Absolutely. You’re a genius, sir!
Boss: I’m glad you agree Wilbur! What about you Linda?
Linda: I’m afraid I don’t agree, sir.
Boss: What do you mean?
Linda: In my opinion, it’s a complete waste of money.
Boss: Oh! I really don’t agree. Think of all of the people who are going to see it.
Linda: They might see it, but will they buy it?
Boss: Yes, I’m sure they will.
Linda: I don’t know. Think about it. We are talking about a $630 dollar word processor, not a $29 dollar
Nintendo game. This is a serious business tool. We should advertise in a specialist business
press.
2. READING. HAVE YOU EVER SEEN AN AD FOR A FERRARI ON TV?
Probably not. You won’t find ads for laundry enough money for that kind of luxury! On the
detergent in the financial magazines either. other hand, nearly all of us buy laundry
Advertisers have to choose their medium carefully. detergent. It’s something we need, and we can
(E.g. TV, radio, magazines, newspapers, street afford. TV commercials cost lots of money, and a
advertising, etc.) specialist magazine or a serious newspaper
doesn’t sell space cheaply. Therefore, the
Millions of people see a TV commercial, but how important thing for an advertiser is to target the
many of them have enough money to buy a Ferrari? ad to the appropriate group of people effectively.
Even in wealthy communities like Aspen, When advertisers target an ad, they divide
Colorado or Newport, Rhode Island only a tiny the population into six target groups, based on
percent of the people have the cash for a Ferrari. income and interests. This is only an example:
Maybe less than 0.01% of the TV audience has
Group A: Upper management Group C2: Blue collar:

Top professional Industrial workers
Group B: Middle management Manual workers
Skilled health workers Group D: Unskilled workers
Teachers Group E: Senior citizens
Group C1: White collar: Students
Office workers Teenagers
Technicians Children
45
3. DISCUSSIONS
a) There are many media we can use for advertising. Yet, there are different programs or publications.
How many do you know? We have written some examples for you. Write some more, then indicate
the population group they are directed to according to the classification we studied in the previous
page: A, B, C1, C2, D or E. Indicate the age and the sex of the target group in the spaces provided.
PUBLICATION OR PROGRAM TARGET GROUP AGE SEX
El Financiero A and B_____ 20-60 M and F__

Don Francisco C, D, and E _ 15-60 M and F _
Deportv B, C and D _ 15-50 M _
TV y novelas C, D, E and D_ 15-25 F _
________________________ ______________ ________ ___________
________________________ ______________ ________ ___________
________________________ ______________ ________ ___________
________________________ ______________ ________ ___________
________________________ ______________ ________ ___________
b) What is the target market for these products? What is the best media to advertise them? You’re at a
very important marketing company. Make a round table with top executives and discuss it. Defend
your ideas.
PRODUCT TARGET MARKET AGE SEX MEDIA
Shampoo ___________________ __________ __________ _______________

A stereo system ___________________ __________ __________ _______________
Tires ___________________ __________ __________ _______________
A travel agency ___________________ __________ __________ _______________
Beer ___________________ __________ __________ _______________
PES ___________________ __________ __________ _______________
Margarine ___________________ __________ __________ _______________
A sports magazine ___________________ __________ __________ _______________
A rock CD ___________________ __________ __________ _______________
A fancy restaurant ___________________ __________ __________ _______________
4. ROLE-PLAY. Choose an item from the previous list, plan your own TV commercial and act it out in the
front. Have fun!
NOTES:
46
LESSON 14 FALSE COGNATES
GRAMMAR REVIEW. A “Cognate” is a word that has the same form and meaning in two different
languages: “Hotel”, “Restaurant”, “Hospital”, etc. have the same appearance and meaning in both,
Spanish and English in this case. This happens because of the exchange between cultures and
languages. There are several “Borrowings”, words that a certain culture adopts directly from another
language. In Spanish, for example, we say “Cassette” (From French) or “Clutch” (From English).
However, we have to be very careful because there are many “False cognates”; that is, words that look
very much alike, but have completely different meanings in two languages! Study the following
information to avoid potential confusion:
Note: The abbreviation “V” stands for “Verb”, action; “N” stands for “Noun”, object or thing; “Adj.” for
“Adjective” or description; and “Adv” for “Adverb”, or word that modifies verbs, adjectives or other
adverbs.
BLOCK ONE
1. _____________________  V. To carve words or numbers on stone, wood, etc.

_____________________  V. To enroll in a school or club. (Even in a hotel)
_____________________  N. The pyramid has a strange inscription in the front.
_____________________  N. Concept of registering. Fill out the registration form.
_____________________  N. What you have to pay at school every month.
2. _____________________  N. Professional experience you get at work. Michael

Jackson’s career has been extraordinary.
_____________________  N. What you study at the university.
3. _____________________  V. To help. The nurse assists the doctor.

_____________________  V. To go, to show up. You attend the class every day.
_____________________  N. A helper. He’s an accountant assistant.
_____________________  N. A person who attends an event.
4. _____________________  N. English, French, Chinese, etc.

_____________________  N. Idiomatic expression or phrase.
5. _____________________  N. “Queen”, “King”, “Prince”, “Duke”, etc.

_____________________  N. The document that you receive for finishing a major.
6. _____________________  N. University.

_____________________  N. In general: “Kindergarten”, “Elementary school”, etc.
_____________________  N. College. “U.N.A.M”, “U.A.M.”, “Politécnico”, etc.
7. _____________________  N. The place where you can consult or read thousands of
books or magazines.
_____________________  N. The place where you can buy books. “Gandhi”.
47
a) Two students registering at the university

b) A job interview. Practice with “Career”, “Degree”, “College”, etc.
BLOCK TWO
8. ______________ , - Adj. To feel ashamed or in an uncomfortable situation.
______________  Adj. Condition when a woman is expecting a baby.
9. ______________  Adj. Real, “The actual name of Batman is Bruce Wayne.”
______________ ,  Adv. Really, truly. “Well, actually he’s not a doctor…”
______________  Adj. In this time. The present governor is better that the old one.
10. ______________  Adj. Excellent, wonderful. Doc: “I have terrific news, Mrs. Jones.”
______________  Adj. Very bad. Doctor: “I have terrible news, Miss Jones.”
11. ______________  Adj. A person with enough wisdom and experience. “Let’s
consult grandpa. He is a lot more sensible than we are.”
______________  Adj. A person that is easily affected by emotions. “Women are
much more sensitive than men.”
12. ______________  N. Material with which clothes are made. “Cotton”, “Wool”, etc.
______________ , - N. a place where something is manufactured.
a) The doctor telling a single woman she’s pregnant

b) The same woman asking a friend of hers for good advice
c) Fashion designer talking about new materials
48
BLOCK THREE
13. ________________  N. A speech.
________________ . - N. A private meeting or conversation. (Also by phone)
________________  N. Written material.
14. ________________ ,  N. The way out.
________________  N. Victory. The achievement of a goal.
15. ________________  V. To open a legal process against a company or person.
________________  V. To ask for something energetically. (Having the right to do it)
16. ________________  N. A rental agreement between 2 parts.

V. To make a written agreement.
________________  V. Work agreement. The company hired two receptionists.
17. ________________  N. A person who receives professional service from

architects, lawyers, etc.
________________  N. A person who buys goods or services from a company.
________________  N. A person who receives attention from a doctor or a dentist.
18. ________________  V. To find a solution to a problem.
________________  V. To make a decision. “I resolved to do exercise every day.”
a) Your boss asks you to prepare a speech about the company’s success
b) A company gave you very bad service. Talk to your lawyer to find a solution
c) The manager talking to the Human Resources guy about new positions at the company
49
WRITTEN EXERCISE. Fill in the blanks using the appropriate “False cognate”. Make sure the tense of the
verb is correct.
1. A person with lung cancer a cigarette company for $5’000,000 dollars.

2. As soon as I take my professional exam, I’ll get my in medicine.
3. Dr. Díaz was nervous because he has to deliver a for the first time.
4. Dr. King, how many nurses you in tomorrow’s surgery?
5. He knows a lot about Mayas because he is studying a in anthropology.
6. He’s a good of our company; we have taken many of his cases.
7. Her as a lawyer has been extraordinary. She has never lost a case!
8. I that you call the manager; I want to speak to him.
9. Let’s talk to my father; I’m sure he’ll find a more solution.
10. I really loved the movie. The performance of all the actors was .
11. I’m sorry the director can’t see you now; he’s in a with his managers.
12. To this math problem, we have to study chapter 3.
13. King Edward gave up his of king to marry Wallis Simpson.
14. Please make sure you all your children before next Wednesday.
15. I have too much work, boss. I need an .
O.K. We’ll a secretary for you.
16. It’s a great bargain. The price at other places is twice as high.
17. That store has many because they give better prices and service than others.
18. The last governor was too corrupt; the one seems to be very honest!
19. I can’t understand the lyrics of this song. It has several .
20. The two lovers their names on the trunk of the tree before they left.
21. The workers at the stopped working because the for making
the new clothes didn’t arrive on time.
22. To have in a business of your own, you have to attend it personally.
23. We need to sign the with the owner of the building no later than Tuesday.
24. What have you about your MBA, are you going to study it in Mexico?
25. Why is she crying? I never thought she was so .
26. Miss Nevada will give a on cosmetics. That’s why everybody ______ class today!
50
LESSON 15 IDIOMS WITH “GO” AND “GET”
GRAMMAR REVIEW. “Idiomatic expressions” or “Idioms” are phrases or groups of words that
have a completely different meaning from that of the words they contain individually. You need to
know at least the most common ones. Study the following idioms and examples:
IDIOMS WITH “GO”
1. _________________ a) Remaining time. Two minutes to go before landing. Get ready!

b) For eating at home. Two cheeseburgers to go, please.
2. _________________ To chase something. The police went after the thief.
3. _________________ a) To continue. Sorry for interrupting, please go on.
b) To happen. What’s going on?
4. _________________ To disagree with something. Vegetarians go against killing animals.
5. _________________ To do things the correct way. Ask for permission. Go through channels!
6. _________________ Not to speak directly. Don’t go around the bush. Tell me what happened.
7. _________________ To leave or depart. I went away to study a major.
8. _________________ To return. This is not the correct way. We have to go back.
9. _________________ To break a promise. You promised to help. Don’t go back on your word!
10. _________________ To check s.t. in particular. O.K. guys. Let’s go over “Grammar review”.
11. _________________ To experience s.t. painful. She went through a very difficult situation when she
was fired.
12. _________________ To match. That purse goes with your new shoes.
1. Oh my! The 2-minute-warning. Only 2 minutes before the game finishes.

2. I don’t like Cantinflas’ movies. He talks too much! He always .
3. After all the problems we have , we are more optimistic now.
4. May I have two cheeseburger combos , please?
5. O.K. guys. Let’s exercise 3.
6. Parents get very sad when their children .
7. The break is over. Let’s to class.
8. Tom is always Jerry, but he’s too fast for him.
9. Come on! Those tennis shoes don’t those pants.
10. What is out there? It’s very noisy.
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IDIOMS WITH “GET”
1. ________________ To transmit a message. The speaker got his message across very well.
2. ________________ To succeed in life. She finally got a job. She’s getting ahead in life.
3. ________________ To leave. (Get out of a car) This place is dangerous. Let’s get out of here.
4. ________________ To have a good relationship. I get along with my cousins very well.
5. ________________ To escape. The criminal got away from prison.
6. ________________ To escape from a punishment. The child got away with breaking the window.
7. ________________ To take revenge. We had a noisy party last night. We finally got
even with our neighbors.
8. ________________ To speak in easy terms. Get down to children’s level so they understand.
9. ________________ To enter. (Buildings) She got in the house through the kitchen door.
10. ________________ a) To enter. (Small vehicles) Let’s get into the car. It’s cold!
b) To find a bad situation. You’ll get into trouble if you do that.
11. ________________ To enter. (Big vehicles) They got on the boat, and took a ride.
12. ________________ To leave. (From vehicles) They got off the bus, and walked to the park.
13. ________________ To finish s.t. Let’s get through with this as soon as possible.
14. ________________ To discard s.t. Get rid of that old couch. I don’t want it here
anymore.
1. As soon as he his lecture, he’ll be able to answer all your questions.

2. The man had an accident because his foot got stuck when he the horse.
3. Contrary to what people told me, I well with my in-laws since I got married.
4. The new teacher knows a lot, but he just can’t his ideas .
5. No matter what they did to you, it’s not good to anybody.
6. Nowadays it is necessary to have a Master’s Degree in order to in life.
7. The police officer is too smart. The criminals just can’t from him.
8. That driver with speeding because the police didn’t see him.
9. Please the car it’s getting late!
10. The attic is full of things we don’t need. Let’s of them.
52
EXERCISE 3. You have 5 minutes to write a free composition in the space provided using as many of the
“Idiom” we just learned as possible. Have your teacher check it. Then read it for your classmates.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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NOTES:
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LESSON 16 SING ALONG “TO BE IN PAST” VS. “DID”
IMPORTANT POINTS TO CONSIDER WHEN SINGING ALONG:
Singing along is a good opportunity to practice what you have learned so far, and have lots of fun!
However, there are some important things to consider:
1. SLANG. Slang is an informal form of language and expressions that are considered unacceptable in
formal speech and writing. Slang is a form of localism in a language. Some expressions may differ from
country to country, and even more, from city to city or counties.
For example: “Gonna” instead of “Going to” …“Nothing’s gonna stop us now…”
“Wanna” instead of “Want to” …“I wanna know what love is…”
“Gotta” instead of “Have to or have” …“my baby’s gotta secret smile…”
2. RHYME vs. GRAMMAR. Just as in poetry, as long as music is a form of art, sometimes composers play
with language in order to make it “Sound” good. It is not strange to hear “Mistakes” in word order,
pronunciation or even verbal forms in a song.
For example: “She’s got a ticket to ride, but she don’t care…”
3. BLENDING. This phenomenon occurs when fluency is fast enough as to hear a group of words
appearing like one single word. The blending is formed by the union of the last sound of a word with the first
sound of the following word. It is important that at the beginning you get the right number of words in a
phrase.
For example: “The new kid in town”
You can easily think that the singer says something like “Kidding”, but he actually blends the “Kid” sound
with the “In” sound.
54
4. LOGICAL GRAMMAR. Sometimes it is very difficult to catch every single word in the lyrics of a song.
When this is so, no matter how many times you hear a line, you won’t get it. Sometimes the problem is that
we don’t know the vocabulary, even if you identify the sounds, you might not understand what it means.
What you have to do is deduce the meaning of the word from its context in the song and look for it in a
dictionary or ask your teacher. It can be a “Subject”, a “Verb”, an “Adjective”, etc. Just remember that every
sentence in English needs a “Subject”, and a “Verb”. This can be the verb “To be” if you are talking about
“Descriptions”, “Locations”, “Nationalities”, etc. or any other verb in present, in past, in future, etc. Keep in
mind that sometimes you need auxiliaries too. Having good grammar basis helps us reconstruct the
complete sentence even if we couldn’t catch every word individually.
STRUCTURE
DESCRIPTIONS ACTIONS
WAS ►I, HE, SHE & IT;

WERE ► YOU, WE & THEY
EXAMPLES:
1. What did you do yesterday? 4. Were you mischievous?

I visited my grandpa. Come on! I was very quiet.
2. Where did the Cowboys play? 5. Where were you last night?
They played in St. Luis. I was at the Opera.
3. What time did they arrive? 6. What were you doing this morning?
They arrived at 10:30. I was watching TV.
55
1. ____________________  V. To have the appearance of something (Past).

2. ____________________  Conj. Despite s.t. No matter s.t. Nevertheless.
3. ____________________  Adv. From one second to another. Unexpectedly.
4. ____________________  N. 50%. ½.
5. ____________________  N. A dark shape that projects when there’s a light.
6. ____________________  V. Pending from s.t. The frame is hanging on the wall.
7. ____________________  V. To want something eagerly.
8. ____________________  Adv. Very.
YESTERDAY
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1. _________________  Ad. Coming from Norway.

2. _________________  N. Natural material coming from trees.
3. _________________  Adv. In any place.
4. _________________  Verb in past. Realized.
5. _________________  V. Waiting for something (Past).
6. _________________  Past tense of the verb “Sit”.
7. _________________  N. A carpet. “Persian rugs are expensive.”
8. _________________  N. “Ha, ha, ha!”
9. _________________  V. Walked like little babies do. On your hands and knees.
10. _________________  Verb in past. Woke up.
11. _________________  V. To light s.t. To
NORWEGIAN WOOD
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56
STRUCTURE: EXAMPLES:
There was a party last Saturday.

There were many people.
There was a lot of food.
There was very good music too.
1. __________________  N. “Ding-dong.”

2. __________________  N. A little mountain.
3. __________________  V. “To hear” in past.
4. __________________  Short for “Until”.
5. __________________  Verb in past. Shaking wings. (Birds)
6. __________________  N. With nice smells.
7. __________________  N. Flat pieces of land covered with grass.
8. __________________  N. The first light early in the morning.
‘TILL THERE WAS YOU
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57
LESSON 17 WRITTEN REVIEW “OTHER”, “ANOTHER”, “OTHERS”, “THE OTHERS”
GRAMMAR REVIEW. When we’re talking about similar things like cars, movies, etc. it’s common
to use the words “Other”, “Another”, “The other”, etc. when we compare them. Study the
following information and examples to avoid confusion:
1. ANOTHER. We use “Another” when we refer to one more thing or a different one. (Singular)
EXAMPLES:
1. Can I have another cup of coffee?

2. This movie is very boring. Let’s rent another one.
3. My car is too old. I’ll buy another one.
2. OTHER. We use “Other” when we refer to some more items. (Plural)
EXAMPLES:
1. I couldn’t visit them. I had other things to do.

2. She was not with us. She went with some other guys.
3. Volkswagen sedan is not the only compact car anymore.
Other companies offer compact models too.
3. OTHERS. When we use “Others”, we don’t have to mention any noun.
EXAMPLES:
1. Mercedes Benz has better quality than others.

2. I prefer this one rather than others because it’s automatic.
3. Others offer many things, but PES is the best.
58
4. THE OTHER / THE OTHERS. We use “The other” when we talk about the last item, or “The others”
(Without extra nouns) for the rest of the items.
EXAMPLES:
1. I bought two dogs. One is a French Poodle; the other is a Basset hound.
2. There are seven students in the group; two are men, the others are girls.
3. This one is new; the others are old.
1. ________________  N. The condition of being aware, informed of something.

2. ________________  Adj. Aware, informed of something.
3. ________________ , - N. A kind of living things. There are many species of insects.
4. ________________  Superlative adjective. The most intelligent.
5. ________________  N. A person. The human race.
6. ________________  Adv. Without considering all the consequences.
7. ________________  N. Worries, problems.
8. ________________  N. Things you don’t need anymore. Garbage.
9. ________________  N. The human race.
10. ________________  Adj. Very big.
11. ________________  N. a big number of insects or s.t. that becomes a big problem.
12. ________________ ,  N. “Pampers”, “Huggies”, “Kleen Bebe,” etc.
13. ________________  N. Food that remains from a meal.
14. ________________  N. The general condition of being without work.
15. ________________  N. Having no food; Kenya suffers from starvation.
16. ________________  N. A strong desire for money or material things.
17. ________________  V. To be related to something.
18. ________________ , - Adj. Substitute.
19. ________________  Idiom. Delivered, given to.
20. ________________  V. To become pregnant.
21. ________________ , - N. The money you should pay to the government. “IVA”, “ISR”.
22. ________________  N. Specific actions taken for resolving a problem.
59
ONE MORE KID?
Isn’t it amazing that we, humans, are the the organic waste, diapers, food leftovers, daily
greatest success of consciousness talking about garbage, jobs, cars, houses, homes, needs, fears,
biological evolution and most of us are not even anxieties, wishes, dreams, entertainment, shoes,
conscious of it? cigarettes, medicines, televisions, brushes, etc.
The list could be endless.
We are destroying our home planet so
carelessly that we are not certain if we’ll survive All the problems of human kind such as
another century. Why has man been the worst unemployment, starvation, greed, etc. regard
plague ever? Aren’t we the actual wisest this huge unique problem: over-population. Let’s
species? take for instance the Chinese; they can only have
one child. If they have another, he or she is turned
The point is that, just as any other plague, it’s over to a foster home; until they are given to
not the kind but the number that makes the parents who cannot conceive (Too bad they
difference… Do you have an idea of how many understood after surpassing the billion). One out
people there are in the whole world? What’s the of every four people on Earth is Chinese.
biggest number you can think of? A million (1’000,
000)? A billion (1,000’000,000)? Well, in the year In Japan the family income tax increases
2000, we reached the astonishing number of 6 100% at the birth of a second child. What
billion human beings! measures have other countries taken regarding
this problem? Can any of those measures be
What’s to be done? The amazing thing is not to taken in our country?
picture in our minds all those people, but all the
food that they eat, all the water that they drink, all Let’s think Mexican: How about another kid?
EXERCISE 1. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. (“Another”, “Other”, “Others”, “The other”, and
“The others”)
1. This cake is delicious; I think I’ll have piece.

2. Two out of the three paintings at the exposition have already been purchased; is still there.
3. This product has been a great success; I think we’ll buy container for Saturday’s sale.
4. There has been a series of strong earthquakes in the Los Angeles area this morning. Experts stand by for
some to occur in the short term.
5. day, I dropped by the new bookstore. You have to see it. It is like no store.
6. There are 10 telephone lines; five of them are being used right now, are unoccupied.
7. I’m sorry we can’t visit the zoo because of the weather. Maybe we can meet on occasion.
8. Two of my brothers are engineers; one is an accountant.
9. German cars are better than .
10. We have two kinds of wine sir: One is domestic; is imported.
11. We have time for song on “Song by Request”. Which one do you want?
Would you please sing “ one bites the dust? ” It’s my favorite from Queen.
12. This book is quite good, but we’ll need some to have more information.
13. Our product is much better than .
14. You’ll need recorder. This one doesn’t work anymore.
60
LESSON 18 PROVERBS AND SAYINGS
“Proverbs and sayings” are phrases or short sentences that typify common life situations. They are the
result of tradition, experience and popular wisdom. We present some of the most common ones here:
1. ________________  N. What magicians do.

2. ________________  N. the red liquid that runs through our veins.
3. ________________  Comparative adj. In this case, “Heavier” or “More viscous”.
4. ________________  N. In this case, “What we want”. The desire to do something.
5. ________________  V. To put yourself in horizontal position. Like for sleeping.
6. ________________  N. Little insects that suck blood from animals like dogs.
7. ________________  Adj. A person who can’t see.
8. ________________  V. Informed before something will happen (Past).
9. ________________  V. Prepared in advance for something (Past).
10. ________________  Verb in past. Oh no! The child spilled the milk on the table.
11. ________________  Adj. A dog that barks. “Wow, wow!”
12. ________________  V. Action of dogs. Be careful! The dog bites! (3rd person)
13. ________________  N. In this case “Type”. In general, protection for bird’s skin.
14. ________________  N. Group of birds. V. To get together. (Birds)
15. ________________  Comparative adjective. At a higher volume. Not softly.
16. ________________  V. To collect.
17. ________________  N. The houses of the bees.
18. ________________  Adj. Valid. Correct.
19. ________________  N. People who ask for money. (Like in subway stations)
20. ________________  Adj. S.o. who is strict for receiving things. (Not just anything)
21. ________________  Verb in past. Assisted.
BLOCK ONE
SAYING EXPLANATION
1. _______________________________ They say old people can’t learn new things.

2. _______________________________ You should not trust men.
3. _______________________________ Family ties are more important in any case.
4. _______________________________ When you really want something, nothing can stop you. You’ll
always find a way to get it.
5. _______________________________ When you have contact with people that are not convenient
_______________________________ for you, you will surely pick up bad habits.
6. _______________________________ By eating nutritional foods you will maintain good health.
7. _______________________________ If you need advice. Ask people with more experience than you.
8. _______________________________ Prepared in advance when you know something will happen.
9. _______________________________ When something is done, it’s done. You can’t change it.
61
a) Your grandmother wants to learn French. They tell her she can’t do it, but you encourage her
b) Your friends are a bad influence. A friend of yours tells you to stop seeing them before it’s too late
c) You had a problem with your brother long ago, but now he needs you. Talk to a friend about it
BLOCK TWO
SAYING EXPLANATION
10. _______________________________ If you want to get some thing good from people, you have to
_______________________________ treat them well too.
11. _______________________________ When people say that they will do something, they don’t.
12. _______________________________ Children look like their parents. They act like them too.
13. _______________________________ The famous “Talyon” law. It means revenge.
14. _______________________________ You’ll receive from people what you give them.
15. _______________________________ Similar people always get together.
16. _______________________________ Don’t waste time. When you’ve got something to do, do it.
17. _______________________________ Your actions are more important than your words.
18. _______________________________ “Everything” is permitted when it comes to love or war.
a) Somebody did something bad to you. You want revenge, but a friend tells you not to do that
b) Your son has the same bad habits as your husband. A friend tells you to be kind to him
c) You are the boss, but your people are lazy. A friend tells you that you should see your actions first
BLOCK THREE
SAYING EXPLANATION
19. _______________________________ It doesn’t matter if you take long; Do it.

20. _______________________________ Don’t expect children to behave like adults.
21. _______________________________ Don’t complain when someone gives you something.
22. _______________________________ Do what people do when you visit another place.
23. _______________________________ Everything is possible when you have money.
24. _______________________________ When you arrive early, you’ll receive the best part.
25. _______________________________ Bad news travels fast.
26. _______________________________ Be prudent. Don’t risk it.
a) You give a present to the son of a friend, but the child didn’t like it. The father preaches to him
b) You’re the last one for class. The teacher tells you to start working at once
c) You get late to the disco, they don’t let you in, but you offer a good tip. You get in
62
EXERCISE. You have 5 minutes to write a free composition in the space provided using as many the
“Sayings” we just learned as possible. Have your teacher check it. Then read it for your classmates.
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NOTES:
63
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LEVEL EIGHT STUDENT’S BOOK Proactive English System ®

LESSON PROACTIVE LEVEL EIGHT (INTERMEDIATE FOUR) PAGE OBJECTIVE

1 PHONETIC BOARD AND EXAM REVIEW - EXAM REVIEW

2 DINING AND LIVING ROOMS 2 VOCABULARY

3 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS 5 INT. GRAMMAR

4 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE 8 LISTENING COMP.

“VERB + PREPOSITION” AND

7 TRIAL COURT AND CASES 20 READING COMP.

8 SING ALONG 24 LISTENING COMP.

9 THE BEDROOM, THE BATHROOM AND THE KITCHEN 28 VOCABULARY

10 THE ARTICLE “THE” 32 INT. GRAMMAR

11 IDIOMS WITH “GIVE” AND “TAKE” 37 VOCABULARY

12 ADVERTISING ON THE AIR 40 LISTENING COMP.

14 FALSE COGNATES 47 INT. GRAMMAR

15 IDIOMS WITH “GO” AND “GET” 51 VOCABULARY

16 SING ALONG 54 LISTENING COMP.

17 “OTHER”, “ANOTHER” AND “THE OTHER” 58 INT. GRAMMAR

18 PROVERBS AND SAYINGS 61 VOCABULARY

PHONETIC BOARD 64 PHONETIC BOARD

LESSON 2 VOCABULARY AND ROLE-PLAY

1. ________________  16. ________________ 

a) Setting the table

1. ________________  11. ________________ , -

a) Just married couple decorating their house

LESSON 3 WRITTEN REVIEW OF “REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS”

GRAMMAR REVIEW. The reflexive pronouns are:

We use reflexive pronouns when:

Study the following formula and examples:

1. George cut himself when he was shaving this morning.

a) When the action returns to the doer

Blame Cut Express Put

George cut himself while he was shaving this morning.

1. Bill fell down this morning, but fortunately he .

1. Julia had a great vacation. She really enjoyed herself.

“Each other” is used to express “Reciprocal actions”.

It’s different from saying:

1. Diane and Hans like each other.

EXERCISE 4. Complete the sentences using “Reflexive pronouns” or “Each other”.

1. How long have you and Bill known each other ?

LESSON 4 “EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE” (LISTENING COMPREHENSION)

1. APPROACHING THE TOPIC.

APPROACH QUESTIONS: (ANSWER VERBALLY)

Intelligence can be accurately measured.

Very intelligent people do not have good social abilities.

Emotions do not help us think logically.

VOCABULARY PHONETIC BOARD MEANING / EXAMPLES

1. ___________________  Adj. + prep. Inclined to or tending to do something.

2. ___________________  Adj. Animated, motivated.

3. ___________________  N. A duty, obligation or responsibility.

4. ___________________  V. To get difficult.

5. ___________________  V. To remain calm.

6. ___________________  V. To attribute our responsibility to someone else.

7. ___________________ , - N. A person who advises couples in trouble.

8. ___________________  N. Concessions, the acceptance of a situation.

9. ___________________  N. Defects.

10. ___________________  Idiom. To reserve, separate or save something.

1. The main focus of this discussion will be _____________.

a. How to test a person’s E.Q.

WHAT IS THIS HOW CAN A HIGH E.Q. CAN E.Q. BE LEARNED

A person with a high E.Q. can . . .

_____ 1. Respond well to others _____ 5. Make a big fuss

8. Have a positive, enthusiastic attitude _____ 12. Have creative ideas

Five Skills of Emotional Intelligence

1.  16. 

1.  11. , -

_ 1. Respond well to others _ 5. Make a big fuss

1. __ I’m afraid of dogs.

8. __ Guadalajara is famous for mariachis.

14. __ Everybody is interested in the project.

1. _  10. _ 