Conduction Heat Transfer: 𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝑄𝐴 + 𝑄𝐵

𝑋 𝑇𝑜
𝑄 𝑑𝑇 𝑄 𝑑𝑇 1 1 1
=− 𝑘 ∫ = ∫𝐾 𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡
= 𝑅𝐴
+ 𝑅𝐵
𝐴 𝑑𝑥 𝐴 𝑑𝑥
𝐵 𝑇1
(− ∆𝑇𝑡𝑜𝑡) = (− ∆𝑇𝐴) = (− ∆𝑇𝐵)
(𝑥)||| 0 =− 𝐾||| 𝑇1
𝑄 𝑋 𝑇𝑜
𝐴
Molecular Transport Equations:
Circumference: - Momentum (Newton’s law)
𝐴 = 2π𝑟𝐿 𝑑(𝑉𝑥ρ)
Thermal Conductivity: τ𝑦𝑥 =− 𝑣 𝑑𝑦
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 (2𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚) - Heat (Fourier’s law)
𝑦2−𝑦1 𝑞𝑦 𝑑(ρ𝑐𝑥𝑇)
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑥2−𝑥1
(𝑥 − 𝑥1) =− α
𝐴 𝑑𝑦
Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction: - Mass (Fick’s law)
−∆𝑇 −𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑐𝐴
𝑄= ∆𝑉
( 𝐾𝐴 ) −𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐽*𝐴𝑦 =− 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑦
−(∆𝑇)
𝑄= 𝑅𝑖 Analogies:
𝑅𝑡
𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 − 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 − (𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠) 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚
Series Resistances:
- Reynolds A
∆𝑋𝐴 ∆𝑋𝐵
𝑅𝑎 = 𝑅𝐵 = 𝑑Γ
𝐾𝐴𝐴 𝐾𝐵𝐴 ψ =− (δ + 𝐸) 𝑑𝑥
- driving force @ A ψ = flux / property at any value of x
∆𝑇𝐴 = 𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑅𝐴 δ = molecular diffusivity
- driving force @ B 𝐸 = Eddy diffusivity
∆𝑇𝐴 = 𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑅𝐵 Γ = Volume concentration of
transparent property
- overall driving force
Cylindrical geometry:
∆𝑇𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡(𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵) (δ+𝐸)
(ψ𝐴) =− 4 𝑦𝐷
(Γ1 − Γ)𝐴
Parallel Resistances:
(δ+𝐸)
- driving force @ A (ψ𝐴) =− 4 𝑦𝐷
(− ∆𝑇𝑡𝑜𝑡) = 𝑄𝐴𝑅𝐴 (Γ1−Γ)
(ψ𝐴) =− 1
- driving force @ B φ𝐴

(− ∆𝑇𝑡𝑜𝑡) = 𝑄𝐵𝑅𝐵 - For momentum transfer

ψ= τ
- overall driving force
−∆𝑇𝑡𝑜𝑡 [
τ =− φ ρ𝑣1 − ρ𝑣 ]
( ) = 𝑄𝐴+ 𝑄𝐵
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡 Γ = ρ𝑣
- substituting individual Q

Analogies: Analogies:
`