Example1 : A reinforced concrete rectangular beam section 300 mm wide and 500 mm effective

depth is subjected to a factored shear force of 40 kN at the support. The beam is reinforced with
three bars of 20 mm diameter embedded at the support. Take concrete of grade M 20 and steel of
grade Fe 415.

Solution
Given data
Width of beam b =300 mm
Effective depth d =500 mm
Grade of concrete fck = 20N/mm2
Grade of steel fy = 415N/mm2

Factored Shear force at support vu= 40 kN

𝜋
Area of tensile steel at support Ast = 3 × 4 × 202 = 942.47 mm2

Nominal shear stress

𝑉𝑢 40 × 103
𝜏𝑣 = = = 0.26 N/mm2
𝑏 × 𝑑 300 × 500
Percentage of steel at support
𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 100 942.47 × 100
𝑝0 = = = 0.63 %
𝑏 ×𝑑 300 × 500
From table 19,pp73 of IS 456, shear strength of concrete (w.r.t ) 0.63 % of steel and M 20
concrete

At 0.5% of steel τ c =0.48 N/mm2

At 0.75% of steel τ c =0.56 N/mm2
By interpolation the values for 0.63% we get
(0.56−0.48)
τ c = 0.48 + (0.75−0.50)
× (0.63 − 0.5) τc= 0.52 N/mm2

From table 20, pp73 of IS 456 2000,Maximum shear strength of concrete τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2
Developed nominal shear strength < shear strength of concrete beam < maximum shear strength
of concrete i.e. τv < τc < τcmax
Hence no shear reinforcement is required

However as per (cl.26.5.1.6.pp.48) minimum shear reinforcement in the form of vertical stirrups
must be provided. We know that
 𝐴𝑠𝑣 0.4
≥
𝑏 × 𝑠𝑣 0.87𝑓𝑦

Considering the spacing of two-legged stirrups sv = 200 mm

0.4×𝑏×𝑠𝑣 0.4×300×200
𝐴𝑠𝑣 = = = 66.47 mm2
0.87×𝑓𝑦 0.87×415

𝜋
Area of two –legged stirrups Asv = 2 × 4 × 𝑑 2 = 1.57𝑑 2 mm2

Diameter of stirrups = √66.47/1.57 = 6.50 mm say 8 mm.

Check As per (cl.26.5.1.5.pp.47) the maximum allowable spacing of vertical stirrups

(i) Sv= 0.75×d = 0.75×500 = 375mm
(ii) = 300 mm.

Using 8mmϕ bar two legged vertical stirrups @200mm centre to centre throughout the
length of the beam
Example 2 : A rectangular beam is 230 mm wide and 450 mm effective depth is reinforced with
4 bars of 20 mm ϕ at the support. Design the shear reinforcement in the form of vertical stirrups
at a distance of effective depth from the support, if the factored shear force are (i) 70kN (ii)
150kN (iii) 350kN. Take concrete of grade M 25 and steel of grade Fe 415.
Solution

Given data
Width of beam b =230 mm
Effective depth d =450 mm
Grade of concrete fck = 25N/mm2
Grade of steel fy = 415N/mm2
𝜋
Area of tensile steel at support Ast = 4 × 4 × 202 = 1256 mm2

Percentage of steel at support

𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 100 1256 × 100
𝑝0 = = = 1.21 %
𝑏×𝑑 230 × 450
From table 19 of IS 456, shear strength of concrete (w.r.t ) 1.21 % of steel and M 25 concrete
By interpolation the values at 1.21% of steel we get
(0.70−0.64)
τ c = 0.64 + (1.25−1.00) × (1.25 − 1.21) τc= 0.69 N/mm2

From table 20 of IS 456, Maximum shear strength of concrete τcmax = 3.1 N/mm2
 (i) Factored Shear force at support Vu= 70 kN
Shear capacity of beam = τ c × b × d
= 0.69×230×450 = 71415N =71.41kN
Since Shear capacity of beam > Factored Shear force at support
Therefore no shear reinforcement is required
However as per (cl.26.5.1.6.pp.48) minimum shear reinforcement in the form of vertical stirrups
are provided.
𝐴𝑠𝑣 0.4
≥
𝑏 × 𝑠𝑣 0.87𝑓𝑦

Providing 2 legged 8 mm ϕ stirrups

𝜋
Area of two –legged stirrups Asv = 2 × × 82 = 100.48 mm2
4

0.87×𝑓𝑦×𝐴𝑠𝑣 0.87×100.48×415
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 sv = = = 392 mm
0.4×𝑏 0.4×230

As per (cl.26.5.1.5.pp.47) Check for the maximum spacing of vertical stirrups

(i) Sv= 0.75×d = 0.75×450 = 315mm
(ii) = 300 mm.
(iii) = 392 mm

Providing 8mm ϕ bar two legged vertical stirrups @ 300mm centre to centre throughout
the length of the beam.

(ii) Factored Shear force at support Vu= 150 kN

Nominal shear stress
𝑉𝑢 150 × 103
𝜏𝑣 = = = 1.44 N/mm2
𝑏 × 𝑑 230 × 450

Shear capacity of beam =τc ×b×d

= 0.69×230×450 = 71415N =71.41kN
Since Shear capacity of beam < Factored Shear force at support
Therefore shear reinforcement is required
Design shear force Vus= Factored shear force –Shear resisted by the beam section

= 𝑉𝑢 − τ c × b × d = 150-71.41 = 78.59 kN

Providing 2 legged 8 mm ϕ stirrups

𝜋
Area of two –legged stirrups Asv = 2 × 4 × 82 = 100.48 mm2
However as per (cl.40.4.pp.72) Design shear reinforcement in the form of vertical stirrups are
provided.
0.87×𝑓𝑦 ×𝐴𝑠𝑣 ×𝑑 0.87×415×100.48×450
Vus = = 𝑠𝑣 = = 207.72 mm
𝑠𝑣 78.59×1000

As per (cl.26.5.1.5.pp.47) Check for the maximum spacing of vertical stirrups

(i) Sv= 0.75×d = 0.75×450 = 315mm
(ii) = 300 mm
(iii) = 207.72 mm Say 200 mm

Providing 8mm ϕ two legged vertical stirrups of Fe 415 grade of steel @ 200 mm c/c
throughout the length of the beam.

(iii) Factored Shear force at support Vu= 350 kN

Nominal shear stress

𝑉𝑢 350 × 103
𝜏𝑣 = = = 3.38 N/mm2
𝑏 × 𝑑 230 × 450

The maximum shear capacity of M 25 concrete is less than the nominal shear strength.
i.e. τv > τcmax> τc , Therefore the section is not adequate to resist the applied shear force
and redesign the section.
Example 3: A RC simply supported rectangular beam is 300 mm wide and 550 mm effective
depth is reinforced with Fe 415 HYSD bars of 3#20 mm diameter to resist the bending moment
at the support. The two legged vertical stirrups of 8 mm diameter @110 mm c/c of Fe 415 are
also provided throughout the length of beam. Determine the safe shear strength of the beam if
concrete of grade M 25 and M 40 respectively.
Solution
Given data
Width of beam b =300 mm
Effective depth d =550 mm

Grade of concrete (i) fck = 25N/mm2 (ii) fck =40N/mm2

Grade of steel fy = 415N/mm2
𝜋
Area of tensile steel at support Ast = 3 × 4 × 202 = 942 mm2

Percentage of steel at support

 𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 100 942 × 100
𝑝0 = = = 0.57 %
𝑏×𝑑 300 × 550
(i) From table 19 of IS 456, shear strength of concrete (w.r.t ) 0.57 % of steel and M 25
concrete

At 0.5% of steel τ c =0.49 N/mm2

At 0.75% of steel τ c =0.57 N/mm2

(0.57−0.49)
By interpolation the values we get τ c = 0.49 + (0.75−0.50)
× (0.57 − 0.5) τc= 0.51 N/mm2

Strength of concrete to resist shear of beam =τc ×b×d

= 0.51×300×550 = 85124 N

Shear resisted by the vertical stirrups

0.87 × 𝑓𝑦 × 𝐴𝑠𝑣 × 𝑑 0.87 × 415 × 100.48 × 550
Vus = = = 165098 𝑁
𝑠𝑣 110

Total shear resisted by the beam section =85124 N+165098 N = 250222 N

Safe shear resistance =250222 /1.5 = 166814.67 N =166.8 kN

(ii) From table 19 of IS 456, shear strength of concrete (w.r.t ) 0.57 % of steel and M 40
concrete

At 0.5% of steel τ c =0.51N/mm2

At 0.75% of steel τ c =0.60 N/mm2
By interpolation the values for 0.57% of steel we get
(0.60−0.51 )
τ c = 0.51 + (0.75−0.50) × (0.57 − 0.5) τc= 0.53 N/mm2

Strength of concrete to resist shear of beam =τc ×b×d

= 0.53×300×550 = 88308 N
Shear resisted by the vertical stirrups
0.87 × 𝑓𝑦 × 𝐴𝑠𝑣 × 𝑑 0.87 × 415 × 100.48 × 550
Vus = = = 165098 𝑁
𝑠𝑣 110
Total shear resisted by the beam section =88308 N+165098 N = 253406 N

Safe shear resistance =253406 /1.5 = 168937 N =168.9 kN

Examples: 4 A constant width 250 mm cantilever beam has a effective span of 2500 mm .The
over all depth of beam at free end and fixed end are 250 mm and 500 mm respectively with an
effective cover of 50 mm. The area of steel at support to 1.0% is available to resist the flexural
capacity. The beam is carrying a total (dead load + superimposed load) uniformly distributed
load 54 kN/m load Design the shear reinforcement for Fe 415 steel, and M25 concrete .
Solution:
Given data
Width of beam b = 250 mm
Effective depth at free end d =200 mm

Effective depth at fixed end d = 450 mm

Grade of concrete fck = 25N/mm2
Grade of steel fy = 415N/mm2
Percentage of steel at support =1.0%
Effective span of beam l = 2500 mm
UDL on beam = 54kN/m

Note : the critical section for shear in cantilever beam should be taken at the fixed support.
Factored load = 1.5×54 = 81.0 kN/m
Maximum shear force at support vu = w×l = 81×2.5 = 202.5 kN
Maximum bending moment at support Mu = wl2/2 = 81×2.52/2 = 253.125kN/m
Since beam is in a tapered shape therefore
450 − 200
tan 𝛽 = = 0.1
2500
As per ( cl 40.1.1,pp72) beams of varying depth
𝑀
𝑉𝑢 ± 𝑑𝑢 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛽
𝜏𝑣 =
𝑏×𝑑
The bending moment increases numerically in the same direction in which the depth of the
section increases
Using
 𝑀𝑢 253.125×106
𝑉𝑢 − 𝑑
×𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛽 202.5×103 − 450
×0.1
𝜏𝑣 = =
𝑏×𝑑 250×450

τv= 1.3N/mm2
τc = 0.64 N/mm2 (Table 19,pp73 of IS 456); τcmax =3.1N/mm2 (Table 20,pp73 of IS 456)
τc < τv < τcmax

Therefore shear reinforcement is required

Design shear force Vus = Factored shear force –Shear resisted by the beam section

= 𝑉𝑢 − τ c × b × d = 202.5 - (0.64×250×450)×10-3 = 130.5 kN

Providing 2 legged 10 mm ϕ stirrups
𝜋
Area of two –legged stirrups Asv = 2 × 4 × 102 = 157.0 mm2

However as per (cl.40.4.pp.72) Design shear reinforcement in the form of vertical stirrups are
provided.
0.87×𝑓𝑦 ×𝐴𝑠𝑣 ×𝑑 0.87×415×157.0×450
Vus = = 𝑠𝑣 = = 195.46 mm
𝑠𝑣 130.5×1000

As per (cl.26.5.1.5.pp.47) Check for the maximum spacing of vertical stirrups

(i) Sv= 0.75×d = 0.75×450 = 315mm
(ii) = 300 mm.
(iii) = 195.46 mm Say 190 mm

Providing 10mm ϕ two legged vertical stirrups of Fe 415 grade of steel @ 190 mm c/c
throughout the length of the beam.