Coordinates: 15.81°N 78.

03°E

Jwalapuram
Jwalapuram (meaning "City of fire" in Sanskrit/Telugu) is an archaeological site in the Kurnool district of
Andhra Pradesh, southern India, which shows hominid habitation before and after the Toba event (73 kya)
according to the Toba catastrophe theory.[1][2] It is unclear what species of humans settled Jwalapuram as
no fossil remains have yet been found.[3][4]

Jwalapuram is of particular importance in understanding the

emergence of microlithic technology in South Asia and the role of
environmental change on lithic technological change. At
Jwalapuram Locality 9, five stratigraphic units provide a record of
technological change through time. Microblade technology
dominates lithic assemblages from Stratum E to the top deposit.
There are many different definitions for "microblade" and Clarkson
et al. define microblade with a 40mm maximum length in the
direction of striking and a length:width ratio greater than 2:1; they
also include that the dorsal surface has nearly no cortex (less than
20 percent) and at least on dorsal ridge in the direction of striking as The location of Jwalapuram in
well as nearly parallel lateral margins.[5] Using this definition of context with other prehistoric sites in
microblade, Clarkson et al. track the changing density of the region of river valleys of Krishna
microblade technology throughout the strata. The changes in River and Tungabhadra River.
microlithic technology is speculated to have been caused by climate
change, which made the area more arid and therefore groups of
people had to become more mobile, causing changes in their technological tool kits.[6]

The archaeological site was visited by Dr. Alice Roberts, presenter of the BBC documentary The
Incredible Human Journey.[7]

Notes
1. Patel, Samir S. (January/February 2008). "Paleolithic Tools, Jwalapuram Valley, India (http://
www.archaeology.org/0801/topten/paleolithic_tools.html)," Archaeology, 61 (1)
2. Petraglia, Michael, et al. (6 July 2007). "Middle Paleolithic Assemblages from the Indian
Subcontinent Before and After the Toba Super-Eruption (https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.
1126/science.1141564)," Science 317 (5834): 114-116
3. Balter, Michael (5 March 2010). "Of Two Minds About Toba's Impact (https://www.science.or
g/doi/abs/10.1126/science.327.5970.1187-a)," Science 327 (5970): 1187-1188
4. Haslam, Michael (1 May 2012), A southern Indian Middle Palaeolithic occupation surface
sealed by the 74 ka Toba eruption: Further evidence from Jwalapuram Locality 22 (http://ww
w.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618211005088), Quaternary International
Volume 258, Pages 148–164
5. Clarkson, Chris; Petraglia, Michael; Korisettar, Ravi; Haslam, Michael; Boivin, Nicole;
Crowther, Alison; Ditchfield, Peter; Fuller, Dorian; Miracle, Preston; Harris, Claire; Connell,
Kate; James, Hannah; Koshy, Jinu (2009). "The oldest and longest enduring microlithic
sequence in India: 35000 years of modern human occupation and change at the
Jwalapuram Locality 9 rockshelter". Antiquity. 83 (320): 326–348.
doi:10.1017/S0003598X0009846X (https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X0009846X).
 6. Clarkson, C., Petraglia, M., Korisettar, R., Haslam, M., Boivin, N., Crowther, A., Ditchfield, P.,
Fuller, D., Miracle, P., Harris, C., Connell, K., James, H. & Koshy, J. 2009. The oldest and
longest enduring microlithic sequence in India: 35,000 years of modern human occupation
and change at the Jwalapuram Locality 9 rockshelter. Antiquity 83: 326-348.
7. Roberts, Alice (31 May 2009) The Incredible Human Journey - Part 4 - Australia (http://www.
bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00kwdgp)

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