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توظيف النظريات اللسانية والتعليمية في تدريس اللغة العربية
توظيف النظريات اللسانية والتعليمية في تدريس اللغة العربية
45
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1
(Enseignement)
2
3
4
46
(Apprentissage)
5
6
(R.Galisson
& D.Coste)
7
8
9
10
47
11
(Didactique)
1988
12
13
Didactique des langues
14
15
16
17
1
18
2
19
48
(monèmes)
(phonèmes)
20
'' '' 21''
22
3
''
23''
24
25
2
49
26
(Bloomfield)
27
28
29
30
50
31
32
(Didactique (Linguistique pédagogique)
des langues)
33
51
34
3
35
(Automatisme)
36
52
(Grammaire explicite) 1
(Grammaire implicite) 2
37
la compétence communicationnelle
(la compétence linguistique)
38
39
53
40
(Audio-visuel) (Méthode direct)
(Audio-oral)
41
4
1
2
42
43 5
(Grammaire scientifique analytique) 1
54
(Grammaire pédagogique) 2
44
Transposition didactique
45(S. enseigné)(Savoir savant)
5
1
2
55
46
47
48
56
49
50
%80
51
6
57
52
53
7
54
8
55
1
2
58
3
9
56
2500
5000 4000
57
59
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59
60
60
) -(1ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ،ﺝ ،1ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻌﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،2007 ،ﺹ 174ﻭ.175
) -(2ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻴﺞ :ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ،ﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ،ﻗﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻁ ،ﻁ2
،2000ﺹ.13
) -(3ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺃﻭﻟﻴﻔﻴﻲ ﺭﻭﺒﻭل :ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ،ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺩﺍﻏﻭﺠﻲ ،ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺃﻭﻜﺎﻥ ،ﺇﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺎ
ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺭﺏ ،2002 ،ﺹ .87
) -(4ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺃﻭﻟﻴﻔﻴﻲ ﺭﻭﺒﻭل :ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ،ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺩﺍﻏﻭﺠﻲ...ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ.87
) -(5ﺩﻭﻗﻼﺱ ﺒﺭﺍﻭﻥ:ﺃﺴﺱ ﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻭ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ ،ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺩ /ﻋﺒﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺠﺤﻲ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ
1994ﺹ.25
) -(6ﺩ /ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻠﺔ :ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ؛ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻁ2002 2ﺹ.87
(7)-"Modelage ou réglage d'un comportement adaptatif conforme aux
exigences d'un situation nouvelle ou aux modalités contraignantes d'un
"procédure
R- Galisson.D- Coste, Dictionnaire de didactique des langues édition n'5
Hachette, Paris- France, 1986 p41. (Apprentissage).
) -(8ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻴﺞ :ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ...ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ.103
) -(9ﺍﻨﻅﺭ؛ ﺩ/ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻠﺔ :ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ...ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ
ﺹ.87
) -(10ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻴﺞ :ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ...ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ.29
) -(11ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻨﻲ :ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻱ ،ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻤﻴﺫ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﺎ.
http://www.fikrwanakd.aljabriabed.net/index.htm
) -(12ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ،ﻗﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻴﺩﺓ ﻁ2
2000ﺹ.13
) -(13ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺩﺍﻏﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺩﺍﻜﺘﻴﻙ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ،ﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﺒﻨﺎﻨﻲ ،ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻲ
ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﻁ ،1ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺭﺏ ،1991ﺹ .44 -39
) -(14ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻨﻲ :ﻤﺩﺍﺨل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ
ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ ،ﺘﻭﻨﺱ ﻁ ،2003 ،1ﺹ. 23
) -(15ﺩ /ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻭﺽ ﺒﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﺩﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ
ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ...ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ 4ﺴﻨﺔ ،1974/1973ﺹ.19
61
) -(16ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺩ /ﻤﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﺭ :ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﻁﻼﺱ -ﺩﻤﺸﻕ
ﻁ ،1988 ،1ﺹ 10ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ.
) -(17ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺩ /ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﻭﺸﺤﺩﺍﻥ :ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ )ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻲ
ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﺎ( ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ،6ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،2002ﺹ.269
) -(18ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺩ /ﻤﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﺭ :ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ...ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ
ﺹ.12
) -(19ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺩ /ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺩﻱ :ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺴﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،1986 ،ﺹ.23
) -(20ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻭﻨﻘﺩ ﻷﻫﻡ ﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻪ
ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻫﺠﻪ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ 1ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،1971،ﺹ .32
) -(21ﺩ /ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺩﻱ :ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺴﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ...ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ .36
) -(22ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺩ /ﺭﺍﺒﺢ ﺒﻭﺤﻭﺵ :ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭﻱ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺒﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،2006 ،ﺹ.16/15
) -(23ﺩ /ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻭﺽ ﺒﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﺩﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ
ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ...ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ.19
) -(24ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ،ﺹ.24
) -(25ﺤﻭﺍﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺩ /ﻤﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﺭ ﺃﺠﺭﺍﻩ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴﻌﺩﻱ ﺤﻭل)ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ( ،ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
http://www.almajara.com/forums/archive/index.php?t-12720.htm
) -(26ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺩ /ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﺎﻤﻴﺔ ،ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ ،ﺩﺍﺭ
ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻍ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،ﻁ.195 ،1،2002
) -(27ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺩ /ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﺎﻤﻴﺔ :ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ،ﺹ .195
) -(28ﺩ /ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺩ /ﻓﺎﺭﻋﺔ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ :ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ،ﻋﺎﻟﻡ
ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ،ﻁ ،1ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ،ﻤﺼﺭ ،2001 ،ﺹ .94
) -(29ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺩ /ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻭﺽ ﺒﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﺩﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ
ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ...ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ.23
) -(30ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺩ /ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﻱ :ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ...ﺹ 31ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ.
) -(31ﺩ /ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻭﺽ ﺒﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﺩﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ
ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ...ﺹ.24
62
) -(32ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺩ /ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﻱ :ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ...ﺹ .32
) -(33ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺩ /ﺤﻠﻤﻲ ﺨﻠﻴل :ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ...ﺹ .180
) -(34ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺩ /ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﻱ :ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ...ﺹ.05
) -(35ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺝ ،1ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻨﻭﻥ
ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻌﻴﺔﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،2007 ،ﺹ .194
) -(36ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺝ...1ﺹ 194ﻭ.195
) -(37ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﺎﺭﻱ :ﺘﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﺭﻑ ﺃﻡ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ؟ ،ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ
ﻓﻴﺼل ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ،ﻴﻭﻟﻴﻭ-ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ،2001ﺹ
) -(38ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺝ...1ﺹ .198
) -(39ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻜﻌﻨﺎﻥ ،ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ،ﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ
ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﻤﺸﻕ .2000 ،ﺹ .64
) -(40ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ،ﻤﻭﻓﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ 2007
ﺹ.175
) -(41ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺝ... 1ﺹ.191
) -(42ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ...ﺹ.176
) -(43ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺝ ...1ﺹ.182
) -(44ﺍﻨﻅﺭ :ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﺎﺭﻱ :ﺘﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﺭﻑ ﺃﻡ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ؟ ،ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ ،ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ
ﻓﻴﺼل ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ،ﻴﻭﻟﻴﻭ-ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ.2001
) -(45ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﺒﺭﻴﺭ :ﺩﻻﺌل ﺍﻜﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ،ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺨﺒﺭ
ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺒﺔ ،ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ -ﻋﻨﺎﺒﺔ -ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،2007 ،ﺹ .80
) -(46ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺝ ...1ﺹ 176ﻭ.177
) -(47ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺎﺤﺔ ،ﻤﻭﻓﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ
ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،2007ﺹ .185
) -(48ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺎﺤﺔ ...ﺹ.188
) -(49ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ،ﺹ .186
) -(50ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ،ﺝ ...1ﺹ .161
) -(51ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ،ﺹ 75ﻭ.76
) -(52ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ،ﺹ .176
63
) -(53ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺯﻴﺎﺩ ﻤﺤﺒﻙ :ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻓﻬﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ،ﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ،ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﻤﺸﻕ .2000 ،ﺹ .609
) -(54ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺝ ...1ﺹ .193
) -(55ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ :ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ...ﺹ.200
) -(56ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺹ .199
) -(57ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺹ 203ﻭ.204
)-(58ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﻋﻠﻲ ﺁﻴﺕ ﺃﻭﺸﺎﻥ :ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺩﺍﻏﻭﺠﻴﺎ "ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ" ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺭﺏ ،ﻁ ،1998ﺹ .22
) -(59ﺩ /ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺩﻱ :ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺴﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،1986 ،ﺹ.136
) -(60ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ،ﻋﻠﻲ ﺁﻴﺕ ﺃﻭﺸﺎﻥ :ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺩﺍﻏﻭﺠﻴﺎ ...ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ.23
64