20 Common Amino Acids and their properties

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1. Alanine (A or ala) 14. Methionine (M or met)

Hydrophobic / Nonpolar Polar

(small side chain) 15. Cysteine (C or cys)
2. Valine (V or val)
Polar
Hydrophobic / Nonpolar (sulfhydryl group (-SH) can
(small side chain) undergo many chemical reactions)
3. Leucine (L or leu) 16. Aspartic Acid (D or asp)

Hydrophobic / Nonpolar Acidic

(small side chain) (negatively charged at neutral pH)
4. Proline (P or pro) 17. Glutamic Acid (E or glu)

Hydrophobic / Nonpolar Acidic

(amino group part of ring causing rigidity) (negatively charged at neutral pH)
5. Isoleucine (I or ile) 18. Arginine (R or arg)

Hydrophobic / Nonpolar Basic

6. Phenylalanine (F or phe) (positively charged at neutral pH)
19. Lysine (K or lys)
Hydrophobic / Nonpolar and Aromatic
7. Tyrosine (Y or tyr) Basic
(positively charged at neutral pH)
Hydrophobic / Nonpolar and Aromatic 20. Histidine (H or his)
8. Tryptophan (W or trp)
has an Imidazole ring
Hydrophobic / Nonpolar and Aromatic 21. Hydrophobic / Alanine, Valine, Leucine,
9. Glycine (G or gly) Nonpolar Isoleucine, and Proline
22. Hydrphobic/Nonpolar Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, and
Polar and Aromatic Tryptophan
(smallest amino acid and flexible due to no 23. Polar Glycine, Serine, Asparagine,
steric hindrance) Glutamine, Threonine, Methionine,
10. Serine (S or ser) and Cysteine
24. Acidic Aspartic Acid and Glutamic Acid
Polar (have charge of -1 in neutral pH)
(hydroxyl group (-OH) can form hydrogen
bonds) 25. Basic Arginine, Lysine, histidine (have
charge of +1 in neutral pH)
11. Asparagine (N or asn)
26. Definition of Aliphatic having carbon atoms linked in
Polar open chains (no rings)
(amide group (-NH2) can form hydrogen 27. What amino acids are Proline, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine,
bonds) NOT aliphatic (or are Tryptophan, and Histidine
12. Glutamine (Q or gln) cyclic)?

Polar
(amide group (-NH2) can form hydrogen
bonds)
13. Threonine (T or thr)

Polar
(hydroxyl group (-OH) can hydrogen bond)