Name : Levi Ianu P.

Pepaña Date Performed : 11/00/2021

Section : CHM040.2 C34 Score: ____________ /93
Group Number: 5 Percentage: ______________

Drill 2:
LIPIDS: IDENTIFICATION, STRUCTURE WRITING
AND CLASSIFICATION

I. A. Identify the following fatty acids present in fats and oils by their common names.
Acid Common name (1 pt each)

1. O
Lauric
H3C (CH2)10 C OH

2. O
Myristic
H3C (CH2)12 C OH

Palmitic
3.

Stearic
4.

Arachidic
5.

6. Which of the above is the most abundant fatty acid? Palmitic (1 pt)
7. What is the general formula of a saturated fatty acid? CH3(CH2)nCOOH (2 pts)

B. Give the structures of the following unsaturated fatty acids found in fats and oils.

Acid Abbreviation Structure (2 pts each)

1. Palmitoleic 16:1Δ9

2. Oleic 18:1Δ9

3. Linoleic 16:2Δ9, 12

4. Linolenic 18:3Δ9, 12, 15

5. Which of the above acids is:

a. the most abundant fatty acid? _____Oleic
______ _______ (1 pt)
Linoleic
b. an essential fatty acid? (1 pt)
Linolenic
c. an omega-3 fatty acid? (1 pt)

6. What is the general formula of an unsaturated fatty acid? CH3(CH2)nCH = CH(CH2)nCOOH

(2 pts)

1
II. Classify the following lipids as to triacylglycerol (TAG), wax, phosphoglyceride, sphingolipid,
eicosanoid, terpene, steroid, soap or detergent. (2 pts each)
O
1. H2C O C
O
(CH2)16 CH3

HC O C (CH2)16 CH3
O
H2C O C (CH2)16 CH3
TAG
Tristearin

2. O

H3C (CH2)14 C O(CH 2)15 CH3

Wax
Cetylpalmitate

3. CH3
OH
CH3

Steroid
O
Testosterone
(an androgen)

4. Phosphoglyceride

5. Sphingolipid

6. O

COOH

HO
PGE1 Eicosanoid

7. H3C CH3

CH3

C D

A B
HO
2
Cholecalciferol (Vit. D3)
 Steroid

8. O
- +
H3C (CH2)16 C O Na Soap
Sodium stearate __________________________

9.
O

HO Terpene
-tocopherol (Vit. E) __________________________

10.
-
COO
O
O CH3

Thromboxane A2(TXA2) Eicosanoid

__________________________
11. CH2OH

O OH

H2C O H OH
H

O OH H

HC CH2 C CH3 TAG

HO CH CH CH (CH2)12 CH3

a Glycolipid
12.
O

-
O
O
-
S CH2 CH O
C4H9 +
NH3
Eicosanoid
Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)

13. O
HO
O CH2OH

O
Steroid
Cortisone

QUESTIONS:

1. In terms of their fatty acid composition, how do fats and oils differ from each other? (2 pts)
____________________________________________________________________________
The fatty acids of fats are saturated while the fatty acids of oils are unsaturated.

3
2. In relation to #1, explain why fats remain solids at room temperature while oils are liquids at
room temperature. (4 pts)
___________________________________________________________________________
Fats contain long, straight hydrocarbon chains, packed uniformly together making
___________________________________________________________________________
them solid at room temperature. Oils have chains which are kinked that hinder them
___________________________________________________________________________
to interact uniformly together thus liquid at room temperature.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Give the structural units common to all: (12 pts)
a. fats and oils glycerol

b. waxes ester oxygen

glycerol, phosphoric acid
c. glycerophospholipids _______
sphingosine, phosphoric acid
d. sphingolipids
sphingosine, carbohydrate
e. glycolipids
f. steroids steroid nucleus

g. terpenes isoprene

h. prostaglandins _______ arachidonic acid

4. Identify the following lipids. Choose from the list of given names below. (2 pts each)

Phosphatidyl serine
Sodium lauryl sulfate
OH
PGF2
Retinol (Vit. A)
Retinol (Vit. A)
a. ______________________________________ Triolein
Myricylpalmitate
O
Progesterone
H3C (CH2)14 C O(CH2)29 CH3
TXB2
Myricylpalmitate
b. _____________________________________ Potassium myristate
+
O NH3
-
H2C O P O CH2 HC COO
-
O
O
HC O C R1
O
H2C O C R2

Phosphatidyl serine
c. _____________________________________
O
H2C O C (CH2)7 CH CH (CH2)7CH3
O
HC O C (CH2)7 CH CH (CH2)7CH3
O
H2C O C (CH2)7 CH CH (CH2)7CH3

Triolein
d. _____________________________________
O
- +
H3C (CH2)12 C OK

Potassium myristate
e. _____________________________________

4
 O
- +
H3C (CH2)11O S O Na

Sodium lauryl sulfate

f. _____________________________________

O
CH3

CH3

H2C
Progesterone
g. ____________________________________

-
COO

OH

PGF2
h. _____________________________________

-
COO

HO O

HO

i. TXB2
______________________________________

5. Classify the lipids above. (1 pt each)

a. Terpene

b. Wax

c. Phosphoglyceride

d. TAG
Soap
e.
Soap
f.
g. Steroid

h. Eicosanoid
Eicosanoid
i.