SENIOR

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

.NET TECHNOLOGY

Department of Education  Republic of the Philippines

.Net Technology -Senior High School Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Basic Competencies
Module 1: The Principles and Concepts in Performing Computer
Operations
Lesson 1: Introduction to Computer
Lesson 2: Computer System
Lesson 3: Computer Hardware and Its Functions
Lesson 4: Computer Devices
Lesson 5: Types of software

What This Module is About

Welcome to .Net Technology!

Computers have become an integral part of our lives because they can
accomplish easy tasks repeatedly without getting bored and complex ones repeatedly
without committing errors. In this module we will discuss in detail about the different parts
of computer that enable it to carry out tasks efficiently and correctly. We will also discuss
about the brief history of computers, what programming is all about, and the different
types of programming languages.
This module is designed for students to understand the basic concepts of what a
computer is and how it functions.
General Instructions
To do well in this module, you need to remember the following:

1. Read texts carefully so that you can easily comprehend what you are
reading.

2. Answer questions with all honesty. Success does not come from
copying from others. It is made possible by trying hard on your own
so that you can learn even from your mistakes.

3. Review your answers. It is safe to go back and think about what you
have written. This can help you lessen if not avoid errors.

4. Follow instructions given and ask if there is something that you did
not understand.

5. Do the tasks given and do not delay in submitting requirements. This

can help you avoid having a pile of unfinished activities.

6. Feel free to communicate with your teacher. There is no harm in

asking for clarification so that you will not be lost in the discussion.

7. Remember to review every time you are done answering the activities.

8. Have fun as you learn. This course is very important. When you’re
having fun, you can easily learn the lessons.

i
Icons of this Module
What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along
the module.

What I know This will assess your level of knowledge

to the subject matter at hand, it meant
specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge

What’s In This part connects previous lesson with

that of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be
presented to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities

as a way to deepen your discovery
and understanding of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are

intended for you to practice further in
order to master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to

showcase your skills and knowledge
gained, and help you to apply it to real-
life concerns and situations.

ii
 Introduction to Computers

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, learners should be able to:

1. Understand the brief history of computer.

2. Identify the different types of programming languages

What I Know

Let us check your prior knowledge about this module’s coverage.

Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer on your answer sheet.

Column A Column B

1. Device used in third generation of computer A. Lady Ada

2. First counting device originated from Egypt B. Vacuum Tubes
3. First Computer Programmer C. Charles Babbage
4. Device used in first Generation of computer D. Integrated Circuit
5. Father of computer
E. Abacus
F. Blaise Pascal

1
 What’s In

Learning about the history of computer will make

you understand more how & when computer machine was
invented. This time you will learn about the history of
computer and some career opportunities by studying this
course .Net Technology.

What’s New

Directions: Arrange the following in chronological order. Write 1-5.

____ Artificial Intelligence

____ Microprocessor
____ Vacuum Tubes
____ Integrated Circuits
____ Transistors

Key Terminologies

 Computer - it is an electronic, programmable device that can process,

store and retrieve data.
 hardware - refers to the physical, tangible computer equipment and
devices
 software - known as programs or applications
 liveware - computer user
 data - a collection of raw facts, figures and symbols, such as numbers,
words, images, video and sound, given to the computer during
the input phase
 information - data that is organized, meaningful, and useful
 Motherboard- contains different computer parts.
 RAM – Random Access Memory
 ROM – Read Only Memory

What Is It

A computer is an electronic, programmable device that can process, store

and retrieve and controls data or "information." It can store, recover, and
process information. You can utilize a PC to type reports, send email, and surf
the Internet. You can likewise utilize it to deal with spreadsheets, bookkeeping,
2
database the executives, introductions, games, and that's only the tip of the
iceberg.

It was the math procedure of Abacus which was originated in Egypt and
popularized in China that prompted the improvement of computers. In 1642,
the Pascaline, a mechanical calculating device was invented by the French
philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal. It has eight movable dials on
wheels that could perform only addition and subtraction. While math device is
an old ascertaining device, computers are present day devices, which performs
numerous capacities. The PCs have become an integral part of individuals. Math
device can likewise be called as the most seasoned PC.

Regardless of whether you understand it or not, PCs assume a significant

job in our lives. At the point when you pull back money from an ATM, examine
staple goods at the store, or utilize an adding machine, you're utilizing a kind of
PC.

Charles Babbage is considered to be the father of computer while Lady

Ada is the first computer programmer. Computer are divided into 5 generations
namely:

First Generation: Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956)

Initially discovered by Thomas Edison, the vacuum tube formed the

building block for the entire electronics industry. Vacuum tubes were later used
as electron valves in the 20th century to build the first electronic computers.

The primary PC frameworks utilized vacuum tubes for hardware and

attractive drums for memory, and were frequently gigantic, occupying whole
spaces. These PCs were over the top expensive to work and notwithstanding
utilizing a lot of power, the primary PCs created a great deal of warmth, which
was regularly the reason for breakdowns.

Original PCs depended on machine language, the least level programming

language comprehended by PCs, to perform tasks, and they could just take care
of each issue in turn. It would take administrators days or even a long time to
set-up another issue. Info depended on punched cards and paper tape, and
yield was shown on printouts. Punched cards were used by the French weaver
Joseph Jacquard in 1810. The cards carried weaving instructions for the looms,
later this idea offered a great use for storing information.

Second Generation: Transistors (1956-1963)

The world would see transistors supplant vacuum tubes in the second era
of PCs. The transistor was imagined at Bell Labs in 1947 yet didn't see broad
use in PCs until the late 1950s.

3
 The transistor was far better than the vacuum tube, permitting PCs to
decrease, quicker, less expensive, more vitality productive and more solid than
their original ancestors. In spite of the fact that the transistor despite everything

created a lot of warmth that exposed the PC to harm, it was a tremendous

improvement over the vacuum tube. Second-age PCs despite everything
depended on punched cards for information and printouts for yield.

Third Generation: Integrated Circuits (1964-1971)

The advancement of the coordinated circuit was the sign of the third era
of PCs. Transistors were scaled down and put on silicon chips, called
semiconductors, which definitely sped up and productivity of PCs.
Rather than punched cards and printouts, clients communicated with
third era PCs through consoles and screens and interfaced with a working
framework, which permitted the gadget to run a wide range of utilizations one
after another with a focal program that observed the memory. PCs just because
got open to a mass crowd since they were littler and less expensive than their
antecedents.

Fourth Generation: Microprocessors/Microchips (1971-Present)

The microprocessor brought the fourth era of PCs, as a large number of

coordinated circuits were constructed onto a solitary silicon chip. What in the
original occupied a whole room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel
4004 chip, created in 1971, found all the parts of the PC—from the focal
preparing unit and memory to enter/yield controls—on a solitary chip.

Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence (Present and Beyond)

Fifth era figuring gadgets, in view of artificial intelligence, are still being
developed, however there are a few applications, for example, voice
acknowledgment, that are being utilized today. The utilization of equal handling
and superconductors is assisting with making man-made reasoning a reality.

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

Computer programming is the process of designing and building an

executable computer program for accomplishing and building an executable
computer program for accomplishing a specific computing task. Programming
involves tasks such as: analysis, generating algorithms, profiling algorithms’
accuracy and resource consumption, and the implementation of algorithms in
a chosen programming language (commonly referred to as coding). The source
code of a program is written in one or more languages that are intelligible to
programmers, rather than machine code, which is directly executed by the
central processing unit. The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of
instructions that will automate the performance of a task (which can be as
complex as an operating system) on a computer, often for solving a given
problem. The process of programming thus often requires expertise in several
4
different subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized
algorithms, and formal logic.

TYPES OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

1. Machine and Assembly Languages - is a low-level programming

language. It is a group of languages. It implements a symbolic
representation of the machine code.
2. Algorithmic Languages – are used to design mathematical or symbolic
computations. It is used to express algebraic operations. This is the first
high-level language.
3. Business-Oriented Languages - is a high-level programming language
that is used for business applications. It is used to design the operating
system agnostic and in many business applications today.
4. Education-Oriented Languages - are some Education-oriented
languages like BASIC, Pascal, Logo etc.
5. Scripting Languages – is a scripting language can be defined as a
programming language is used for integrating and communicating with
other programming languages. JavaScript, VB Script, PHP, Perl are the
most used scripting language.
6. Document Formatting Languages - is used to specify the organization
of printed text and graphics. This mark-up describes the intended
function of portions of a document.
7. Declarative Languages - is a very high-level programming languages. It
is also known as the non-procedural programming language.
8. Object-Oriented Languages - is a computer programming language that
revolves around the concept of an object.

COMPUTER PROGRAMMER

A computer programmer creates the code for software applications and

operating systems. After a software developer designs a computer program, the
programmer writes code that converts that design into a set of instructions a
computer can follow. They test the program to look for errors and then rewrite
it until it is error-free. The programmer continues to evaluate programs that are
in use, making updates and adjustments as needed.

5
 MOST POPULAR TYPES OF A PROGRAMMER

Programmer Description Example

System The system programmer

Programmers installs, customizes, and
maintains the operating
system, and also installs
or upgrades products that
run on the system.
CAD Engineer
System Engineers
DevOps Developer
Software Developer

A web developer is a
programmer who engaged
in, the development of Frontend Developer
World Wide
Web Web applications, or Backend Developer
Programmers applications that are run Full stack web
over HTTP, CSS OR HTML developer
from a web server to a
web browser.
A game programmer is a Game Designer
Game programmer who develops
Audio Engineer
Programmers codebases for video games
or related software, such
as game development Lead-
tools. Game Programmer(Games)
programming has many
specialized disciplines, all Animators(Games)
of which fall under the
“game programmer”.
The application
programmer is a
programmer who is
SDE1
responsible for designing
Application
and testing program logic, SDE2
Programmers
coding programs, program
Software Engineer
documentation and
preparation of programs for
computer operations.

6
 What’s More

ACTIVITY :

Directions: Write down 5 uses of computer. Explain each.

The evolution of computer started when people started

to use the Abacus, a manual counting device originated
form Babylon (Egypt) and popularized in China. There are
five generations of computer wherein different devices was
used.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Since computer has five generations, enumerate the year and
devices used for each generation.

What I Can Do

Directions: From the types of programmer, which of them would you like to
be after taking this course/strand. Explain your answer.

7
 Computer System
2

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, learners should be able to:

1. Name the basic parts of a computer

2. Identify the components of a computer system
3. Give reasons why a computer is powerful

What I Know

Let us check your prior knowledge about this lesson.

A. Directions: Name the basic parts of a computer. Write your answer on your
answer sheet.

8
B. Directions: Create a flow of operation of a computer system from the
symbols and words below.

Input

Store

Output

Process

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you have learned about the history of computers
and the career opportunities of studying programming languages. This
time, you are going to identify the parts of the computer and learn the
components of a computer system.

What Is It

Computer
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of
instructions (software) stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data
(input), manipulate data (process), and produce information (output) from the
processing. Generally, the term is used to describe a collection of devices that
function together as a system.

9
 Monitor
Basic Parts of a Computer

Speaker System Unit

Printer

Scanner Mouse

Headphone

Computers can perform four general operations

 Input
 Process
 Output
 Storage

Data and Information

All computer processing requires data, which is a collection of raw facts,

figures and symbols, such as numbers, words, images, video and sound, given
to the computer during the input phase. Computers manipulate data to create
information. Information is data that is organized, meaningful, and useful.
During the output Phase, the information that has been created is put into some
form, such as a printed report. The information can also be put in computer
storage for future use.

COMPUTER SYSTEM

It is a collection of entities (hardware, software and liveware) that are

designed to receive, process, manage and present information in a meaningful
format.

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

 Computer hardware - Are physical parts/ intangible parts of a

computer. eg Input devices, output devices, central processing unit and
storage devices
 Computer software - also known as programs or applications. They are
classified into two classes namely - system software and application
software
 Liveware - is the computer user. Also known as orgware or the
humanware. The user commands the computer system to execute on
instructions.

10
 What are the primary components of a computer hardware?

 Input devices
 Central Processing Unit (containing the control unit and the
arithmetic/logic unit)
 Memory
 Output devices
 Storage devices

Uses of Microcomputer
 Word Processing
 Home entertainment
 Home banking
 Printing
 Surfing the internet

What’s More

ACTIVITY :

Directions: Give 5 reasons why a computer is so powerful.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A computer is a complex machine. While most of it works on a

microscopic level, it certainly has recognizable macroscopic components that
contribute to its uses. A computer can be used to do just about anything from
simple calculations to preparing reports to sending rockets into space to simulating
the spread of cancer in body organs.

11
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Read each item carefully and write the letter of the correct
answer on your answer sheet.
1. Which part of the computer shows you information coming from the
computer?
A. Keyboard B. Screen C. Monitor D. Camera
2. Which part of the computer is the "brains" of the computer?
A. Keyboard B. Monitor C. Central Processing Unit D. Hard drive
3. The CPU is found in what part of the computer?
A. CD ROM B. Printer C. Monitor D. System Unit
4. Which of the following is a hardware?
A. Facebook B. Windows C. Router D. Notepad
5. Which of the following is a software?
A. MSWord B. Hard disk C. Motherboard D. Printer

What I Can Do

Directions: Research on the different hardware and software. List 5 for each
and give its uses.

Hardware Uses Software Uses

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

12
 Different Computer Hardware and
3 its Functions

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, learners should be able to:

1. Define computer hardware

2. Identify the parts of a motherboard

What I Know

Let us check your prior knowledge about this lesson.

Direction: Fill in the blanks. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

______________1. It is the heart and brain of the computer.

______________2. It is also known as the primary memory.
______________3. It is considered as secondary storage device.
______________4. Tangible part of computer.
______________5. Responsible for the supply of current in the computer.

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you were able to know the different basic parts
of the computer. After reading the discussion you be able to know the
functions of the different hardware components of a computer and its
functions.

13
 What Is It

What is Computer Hardware?

Computer hardware is the physical components that a computer system

requires to function. It encompasses everything with a circuit board that
operates within a PC or laptop; including the motherboard, graphics card, CPU
(Central Processing Unit), ventilation fans, webcam, power supply, and so on.

14
What is a Motherboard?

The motherboard is at the focal point of what

makes a PC work. It houses the CPU and is a
center that all other equipment goes through. The
motherboard goes about as a mind; designating
power where it's required, speaking with and
planning over every single other segment – making
it one of the most significant bits of equipment in
a PC. A motherboard contains the different components of computer.

15
What is a CPU (Central Processing/Processor Unit)?

The CPU (Central Processing Unit or processor) is

answerable for preparing all data from programs
run by your PC. The 'clock speed', or the speed at
which the processor forms data, is estimated in
gigahertz (GHz). This implies a processor
publicizing a high GHz rating will probably perform
quicker than a correspondingly determined
processor of a similar brand and age. It is the heart and brain of the computer.
What is RAM?

Random Access Memory, or RAM, is hardware found in

the memory openings of the motherboard. The job of
RAM is to briefly store on-the-fly data made by programs
and to do as such that makes this information promptly
open. The assignments that require irregular memory could be; rendering
pictures for visual communication, altered video or photos, performing various
tasks with numerous applications open (for instance, running a game on one
screen and visiting by means of Discord on the other).

16
What is a Hard Drive?

The hard drive is a capacity gadget answerable for putting away

lasting and impermanent information. This information comes
in a wide range of structures, however is basically anything
spared or introduced to a PC: for instance, PC programs, family
photographs, working framework, word-handling archives, etc.

What is a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)?

Particularly significant for 3D rendering, the GPU does precisely what its name
proposes and forms enormous batches of realistic information. You will find
that your PC's illustrations card has at any rate one GPU. Instead of the
essential on-board realistic abilities that PC motherboards gracefully,
committed designs cards interface with the motherboard by means of a
development space to work only on realistic rendering. This likewise implies you
can overhaul your illustrations card in the event that you need to get more
execution from your PC.

What is a Power Supply Unit (PSU)?

A power supply unit, ordinarily condensed as PSU,

accomplishes something beyond flexibly your PC with
power. It is the point where force enters your
framework from an outside force source and is then
dispensed by the motherboard to singular part
equipment. Not all power supplies are made similarly
be that as it may, and without the correct wattage PSU, your framework will
neglect to work.

What’s More

ACTIVITY :

Directions: Open this link/site to answer questions about computer

hardware. Enjoy and have fun.

https://player.quizalize.com/quiz/d03c88a4-aa38-4c5c-a7fe-
ec4e54dafac0

17
 Computers are having 3 general components and one of which is the hardware.
Hardware is the tangible part of computer which means that you can see and touch.
Each computer hardware as a special function to make the computer work accordingly.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Tell whether the following statements is True of False, write T for
True and write F for false in the blank provided.
______________1. Hardware is intangible part of computer.
______________2. Memory is the primary storage device.
______________3. The motherboard houses the CPU.
______________4. CPU is the heart and brain of the computer.
______________5. PSU stands for power sink unit.

What I Can Do

Direction: List down 10 computer hardware and give its functions.

18
 Computer Peripheral Devices
4
What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, learners should be able to:

1. Define peripheral devices

2. Classify devices as input, output, or storage device
3. Name some computer peripheral devices

What I Know

Let us check your prior knowledge about this lesson.

A. Directions: Classify the following devices as input, output or storage. Write Input,
Output, Storage on your answer sheet.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

What’s In
In the previous lesson, you were able to know the basic parts of a
computer hardware and its function. In this lesson, you will learn what are
the different computer peripheral devices.

What Is It

A peripheral device connects to a computer system to add functionality.

Examples are a mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer and scanner. Learn about
the different types of peripheral devices and how they allow you to do more with
19
your computer.
A computer peripheral is a device that is connected to a computer but
is not part of the core computer architecture. The core elements of a computer
are the central processing unit, power supply, motherboard and the computer
case that contains those three components. Technically speaking, everything
else is considered a peripheral device. However, this is a somewhat narrow view,
since various other elements are required for a computer to actually function,
such as a hard drive and random-access memory (or RAM).
Most people use the term peripheral more loosely to refer to a device
external to the computer case. You connect the device to the computer to expand
the functionality of the system. For example, consider a printer. Once the printer
is connected to a computer, you can print out documents. Another way to look
at peripheral devices is that they are dependent on the computer system. For
example, most printers can't do much on their own, and they only become
functional when connected to a computer system.
Types of Peripheral Devices
There are many different peripheral devices, but they fall into three
general categories:

1. Input devices, such as a mouse and a keyboard

2. Output devices, such as a monitor and a printer
3. Storage devices, such as a hard drive or flash drive

Some devices fall into more than one category. Consider a CD-ROM drive;
you can use it to read data or music (input), and you can use it to write data to
a CD (output).
Peripheral devices can be external or internal. For example, a printer is
an external device that you connect using a cable, while an optical disc drive is
typically located inside the computer case. Internal peripheral devices are also
referred to as integrated peripherals. When most people refer to peripherals,
they typically mean external ones.
The concept of what exactly is 'peripheral' is therefore somewhat fluid.
For a desktop computer, a keyboard and a monitor are considered peripherals
- you can easily connect and disconnect them and replace them if needed. For
a laptop computer, these components are built into the computer system and
can't be easily removed.
The term 'peripheral' also does not mean it is not essential for the function
of the computer. Some devices, such as a printer, can be disconnected and the
computer will keep on working just fine. However, remove the monitor of a
desktop computer and it becomes pretty much useless.

1. INPUT DEVICE - device used for entering data or instructions to the

central processing unit

20
Classification of input devices according to the method they use to enter data.

A. KEYING DEVICES - devices used to enter data into the computer using
a set of Keys e.g. Keyboard, key-to- storage and keypad.
ex. keyboard

B. POINTING DEVICES - devices that enter data and instructions into the
computer using a pointer that appears on the screen. The items to be
entered are selected by either pointing to or clicking on them. e.g mice,
joystick, touch sensitive screen, trackballs
ex. mouse
C. SCANNING DEVICES - devices that capture an object or a document
directly from the source. They are classified according to the technology
used to capture data e.g. Scanners and Document readers.
ex. scanners, document readers, bar code readers, optical scanner
readers
2. OUTPUT DEVICE - any piece of computer hardware equipment which
converts information into human-readable form. It can
be text, graphics, tactile, audio, and video.
ex. Monitor, Printer, Graphic Output devices, Plotters, Speakers
3. STORAGE DEVICE - refers to a computing hardware used to store
information permanently or temporarily
The device can be external or internal to a computer, server, and other
computing systems. Storage devices are also known as storage medias or
storage medium.
Two types of storage device
1. secondary storage device - has a larger storage capacity and can store
data permanently
Ex. compact disk, USB flash drive, hard disk
2. primary storage device - quite smaller in size and it’s designed to
capture or hold data for a temporary period
Ex. Cache memory and RAM

What’s More

Directions: In the Venn Diagram, classify the following devices

as output, input, or both (input or output).
1. Monitor 6. Track Ball INPUT OUTPUT
2. Mouse 7. Digital camera
3. Headphone 8. Light pen
4. Touch Screen 9. Scanner
5. Keyboard 10. Printer
21
 There are three type of peripheral devices: input, output, and
storage devices.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the best answer.
1. I am an input device which allows user to transmit letters, number
and symbols.
A. Camera B. Keyboard C. Mouse D. Printer
2. I am a storage device which stores many files, photos and videos.
A. USB Drive B. Keyboard C. Monitor D. Speakers
3. I am an output device that allows a user to have a paper copy of
what is on the screen.
A. Printer B. Keyboard C. Monitor D. Game Controller
4. I am an output device that allows a user a person to listen to
music/sounds.
A. Headphones B. Keyboard C. Monitor D. Mouse
5. A monitor is
A. An input device that shows images of what is happening in
the computer
B. A computer
C. An output device that shows images of what is happening in
the computer
D. A storage device
6. I am a device that allows user to touch me to input information, but
also output images of what my system is doing.
A. Mouse B. Touch Screen C. Monitor D. Headphones
7. What data does a webcam transmit to a computer?
A. Pictures/Videos C. Sounds
B. Letters/Numbers D. Clicks and movement
8. What data does a microphone transmit to a computer?
A. Pictures/Videos C. Sounds
B. Letters/Numbers D. Clicks and movement
9. Where are your files permanently stored?
A. Hard Drive B. Floppy Drive C. CD Drive D. RAM
10. A pointing and input device that allow the user to move a cursor
around the screen and select items with the click of a button.
A. Mouse B. CPU C. Memory (RAM) D. laptop

22
 Types of Software
5
What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, learners should be able to:

1. Define software
2. Identify the two types of software

What I Know

Let us check your prior knowledge about this lesson.

Directions: Write T if the statement is True and F if the statement is false.

1. Software is a program which consists of a set of instructions that tells

the computer how to perform an operation.
2. Microsoft Windows is an example of an application software.
3. Microsoft Word is an example of a system software.
4. System software is a type of software that enables a computer and its
peripheral devices to function smoothly.
5. The two categories of software are system software and application
software.
6. A computer will still function smoothly even without a system
software.
7. Each computer is only able to have one application software.
8. Database program, spreadsheet and graphics software are example of
utility software.
9. We can have more than 5 application software.
10. A computer will still be able to function smoothly without an
application software.

23
 What’s In
In the previous lesson, you learn about the different peripheral
devices. In this lesson, you will learn the intangible part of a computer
and its classification.

What Is It

What is Software?
• Software is a set of electronic instructions that tells the computer
how to do certain tasks. A set of instructions is often called a
program.
• When a computer is using a particular program, it is said to be
running or executing the program.

Computer software is the key to productive use of computers. Software can be

categorized into two types:

 System software
 Application software.

System software
It is a software that exists primarily for the computer itself, to help the
computer perform specific functions. One major type of system software is the
operating system (OS). All computers require an operating system. The OS tells
the computer how to interact with the user and its own devices. Operating
system software tells the computer how to perform the functions of loading,
storing and executing an application and how to transfer data. Today, many
computers use an operating system that has a graphical user interface (GUI)
that provides visual clues such as icon symbols to help the user. Microsoft
Windows 10 is a widely used graphical operating system. DOS (Disk Operating
System) is an older but still widely used operating system that is text-based.
Ex. Windows, the Macintosh OS, OS/2, and UNIX .

Application Software
Application software consists of programs that tell a computer how to
produce information. It tells the computer how to accomplish tasks the user
requires, such as creating a document or editing a graphic image. Some of the
more commonly used packages are:

24
 • Word processing programs Spreadsheet software
• Database management Presentation graphics programs
• Graphics programs Networking software
• Web design tools and browsers Internet applications
• Communications programs Utilities
• Entertainment and education Multimedia authoring

Word Processing

 Word Processing software is used to create and print documents. A key

advantage of word processing software is that users easily can make
changes in documents.

Electronic Spreadsheet

 Electronic spreadsheet software allows the user to add, subtract, and

perform user-defined calculations on rows and columns of numbers.
These numbers can be changed and the spreadsheet quickly recalculates
the new results.

25
 Database Software

 Allows the user to enter, retrieve, and update data in an organized and efficient
manner, with flexible inquiry and reporting capabilities.
Presentation Graphics

 Presentation graphic software allows the user to create documents called slides
to be used in making the presentations. Using special projection devices, the
slides display as they appear on the computer screen.

What’s More

Directions: Research on the following applications. Identify what type of

application software it is.
1. AutoCAD
2. MSExcel
3. MCAfee Antivirus
4. WordPress
5. Google Slides

26
 Software is a set of electronic instructions that tells the
computer how to do certain tasks. It is categorized into two types: system
software and application software. Application software consists of programs
that tell a computer how to produce information. System software is a software
that exists primarily for the computer itself, to help the computer perform
specific functions.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Identification
1. It is a series of instructions that tells the computer hardware what to do
and how to do it.
2. It consists of programs that perform specific tasks for users.
3. It allows users to create and print documents.
4. It is used to create website.
5. It tells the computer how to perform the functions of loading, storing
and executing an application and how to transfer data

What I Can Do

Give the importance of software in the computer system.

References:
https://www.mhconsults.com/blog/what-are-the-five-generations-of-
computer-technology/
https://www.crucial.com/articles/pc-builders/what-is-computer-hardware
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/basics_of_computers/basics_of_computers_i
ntroduction.htm
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-peripheral-devices-of-a-
computer-definition-examples-types.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output_device
https://www.cleverfiles.com/howto/what-is-storage-device.html

27