MODULE 1: LESSON 2

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

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LESSON ASSIGNMENT 1
What is the key point that makes cultural dimension of central importance in the
analysis of children’s characteristics?

Culture influences the attitudes, values, customs, and behavior patterns of an

individual or group of people. Hence, cultural dimension should always be
considered in analyzing children’s characteristics for us to be sensitive in the
things that we are using or showing to them as well as to better communicate
with them and avoid cultural bias. Moreover, culture is an element of the factors
that make up the personality of an individual, thus we cannot completely divorce
an individual from his / her culture.

LESSON ASSIGNMENT 2
Imagine a class of heterogeneous children; explain why you should consider the
dimension of language in planning for your lesson.

The dimension of language is an important factor to consider when I am

planning my lesson for me to guard against situations in which children could be
confused through the use of language that is beyond the level of their
understanding. As an educator, you will be communicating to them through the
use of language, thus it should be made very clear to eliminate the possibility of
misinterpretation or misunderstanding through differences in perception and
experiences.

LESSON ASSIGNMENT 3
i. Enumerate the needs of the child under the two categories of human needs.
Physiological needs. These are generally required by all human beings and
may vary in their prominence and expression according to circumstances,
maturity, personality and endowment. They are as listed below.
• The need for food and safe drinking water
• The need to be active, and to rest.
• The need to eliminate body waste. d. The need to be healthy. A
healthy child is active and motivated to learn.
• The need to be properly housed and protected.

Psychological needs. These encompass the need for permission to

become an individual and be happy. They are as listed below.
• The need for affection
• The need for belonging
• The need to achieve and be recognized
• The need for freedom/ independence
• The need for status, self- identity and self-esteem
• The need to learn and interact with others in the environment
• The need to communicate and be given the opportunity for self-
expression.

ii. Why is the dimension of differences in individual needs critical in the

characteristics’ traits of primary school children?
The dimension of differences in individual needs is critical in the
characteristics of primary school children because those are their
necessities in order to make them happy and continue to survive. If their
needs weren't met, their physiological and psychological aspects would be
impacted. For instance, a child that didn't consume enough nutritious
foods may grow into a malnourished child. A child may become a bully to
his or her classmates if they don't receive love from their home.
LESSON ASSIGNMENT 4
i. The knowledge of individual ability of children in your class is to learning
activities.
ii. A major reason for designing instructional materials is to help differences in ---.

6.0 INSTRUCTOR-MARKED ACTIVITIES

i. Analyze the National Policy on Education with particular focus on Primary
Education
The National Policy on Education features contemporary innovative
ideas in basic education. It asserts that the national philosophy of
education regards education as a tool for promoting a country's growth.
This structure states that primary education serves as the formal
foundation for education, although the Basic Education Act (2004) extends
basic education to consist of 9 years – that is, 6 years primary and 3 years
junior secondary schooling.
As noticed, there is always a focus on primary education so that
children leaving primary school can think creatively, can solve problem,
and can reason abstractly. Moreover, according to the UBE report, children
finishing primary school should possess basic literacy and numeric skills.
They should demonstrate a level of technical organization skills. They
should show by their behaviors and attitudes that they have acquired a
measure of educational values which are expressed in the national goals of
education.

ii. Referring to the learning needs of primary school children, justify the need for
instructional materials in schools
To meet the needs of the various learners, the teacher should always
ensure the availability and presence of instructional materials in the
 classroom. The importance of producing instructional materials is to
facilitate the teaching-learning process, capture the learner’s interest, and
address different learning styles and needs of the learners. The essence is
not to use the instructional materials as an object of decoration but must
be utilized for effective, meaningful, and interactive teaching-learning
engagements.

iii. Discuss the historical perspective of education that leads to the World
Declaration on Education for All.
iv. Nations around the world began to focus and address the problems in
education from about eleventh century A.D. as the British Magna Carta
(The Great Charter) of 1215 A.D. proclaimed the right of people to learning.
This was a turning point in social revolution that advanced human rights.
Following the steps laid down by the Magna Carta, the United States of
America in 1772 A.D., legalized education in their ‘Bills of Rights’. It
proposed that all who desire education should be given access at least at
the elementary level. Furthermore, in 1789 A.D. the French made a
declaration titled “The Declaration of Rights of Man and all citizens’. The
revolutionary document stated that ‘the right of man to education is
inalienable’. This meant that education for all men cannot be compromised.
In 1948, the advocacy for the right of all to education moved to a global
status by the Declaration of Human Rights. And in the period 1955 - 1957,
the Universal Primary Education (UPE) scheme was introduced to extend
the right to education for all. However, there were two main challenges
emerge as education expanded to all---Acute shortage of teachers and
Lack of instructions/ instructional materials. Effective teaching is made
difficult by the enormous student-to-teacher ratios, and the inadequate
quality of the students' workbooks and textbooks decreases their ability to
learn effectively. This situation, led the different nations around the world
to realize the need in taking actions to address the problems in education.
So, in Thailand's Jomtien province in March 1990, a global education
congress was held. The congregation consisting of the world’s foremost
educationists agreed on the World Declaration on Education for All (EFA)
with the caption: Meeting Basic Learning Needs.