Research Title

“PLUMBING AND SANITARY

SYSTEMS”

Submitted by:
John Michael C. Pascua
BS Architecture

Submitted to:
Ar. Jemerson M. Bugarin, UAP
Instructor

Date: 9/28/22
The plumbing system consists of the entire system of piping, fixtures and appliances used for
water supply and drainage. The plumbing water supply system consists of water supply and
distribution pipes, taps, valves, storage tanks etc., while plumbing drainage system consists
of wash basins, water closets, urinals, traps, soil waste pipes, vent pipes, septic tanks etc.

Types of Water Pipes used in Building

1. PVC Pipes

PVC pipes are used for internal and external water supply system in buildings.

2. Copper Pipes

Copper pipes of heavy gauge and light gauge are used for better grade houses and where

ground-water is highly corrosive to steel pipes.

3. Galvanized Iron Pipes

These pipes of heavy, medium and light grade are extensively used for water supply and

drainage in building construction as they are economical.

4. Lead Pipes

These pipes are highly corrosion resistant and flexible.

Taps and stop-cocks in buildings are available from iron, brass and chromium plated varieties.

External Water Supply System in Buildings

This system consists of water supply from the source such as bore well, well or water treatment

plant to overhead water tanks and from overhead water tanks to the houses. For this, the cast

iron pipes or G.I. pipes are used.

Plumbing Drainage System in Buildings

1. Soil Pipes and Waste Pipes

These pipes remove sewage and greywater from building and are connected to the common

drainage system. They are generally fitted to the exterior of the building.

The main use of soil pipe and waste pipe is the removal of waste from toilets, sinks, showers

and baths. These are fitted with vent pipes on the top for the release of odors.

Traditionally, cast-iron soil pipes and waste pipes were used, but these days uPVC pipes are

more common.

2. Vent Pipe

Vent pipes are attached to the top of soil and waste pipe for the release of bad odors.

3. Rainwater Pipes

These pipes are attached to the roof or open area above building for the removal or collection of

rainwater. The rainwater pipes are drawn to the ground level in case of removal or these are

connected to the rainwater collection network or tank for rainwater harvesting. These are

generally made of PVC material.

3. Anti-Siphonage Pipes

These are connected to the outlets of toilets which are provided to maintain water seal to

prevent entry of foul gases of the sewer lines into the toilets and bathrooms. These are made of

PVC and their sizes must conform to the respective standard specifications.
Sanitation systems are a combination of different functional units that together allow managing

and reusing or disposing the different waste flows from households, institutions, agriculture or

industries in order to protect people and the environment. The systems are designed to address

the whole water as well as the nutrients cycle, from the toilet user where wastewater is

generated, over the collection, treatment up to reuse or discharge. 

Sanitary sewers, or wastewater pipelines, transport wastewater from homes and businesses to

a centralized treatment plant. Along the way, some extraneous water may enter pipelines either

from stormwater or groundwater, a problem commonly known as infiltration and inflow (I/I).

Once wastewater reaches the plant, it is treated and returned to the environment. Wastewater

conveyance and treatment are important because they help to prevent waterborne illnesses and

promote general sanitation. Sanitary sewers differ from storm sewers, which collect snowmelt

and rainwater from sidewalks, yards and roadways and route it to nearby surface water.

Although stormwater is generally not treated, some systems have implemented filtration devices

to remove certain pollutants. Sanitary sewers also differ from combined sewers, which transport

both stormwater and wastewater to a centralized treatment plant.

Sanitary Fittings used in Buildings

Following are the commonly used sanitary fittings for buildings:

1. Hand wash basins

2. Sinks (glazed or stainless-steel sinks)
3. Bath tubs
4. Water closets
5. Urinals
6. Flushing cisterns

Types of Water Closets

Water closets generally used are:

1. Indian type
2. European type or pedestal types
3. Anglo-Indian type

Types of Urinals

1. Bowl type or lip type urinals

2. Stall type