Water Distribution

System

Stephen Gabriell Mauricio 29 March, 2023

 Water Distribution
System
It refers to the supply pipes that carry fresh waste
water under pressure from a public water supply
or individual wells to fixtures.
 Components
The water distribution system includes a variety
of components, such as:
 1. Source

The source of water can be from underground

wells, lakes, rivers, or reservoirs.
 2. Treatment Plan
The water is treated at a treatment plant before
it is distributed to the consumers. The treatment
process involves removing impurities and
disinfecting the water..
 3. Transmission Main
The transmission main is a
large pipe that carries water
from the treatment plant to
the distribution system.
 4. Distribution Main

These are the smaller pipes

that distribute the water to
the consumers.
 5. Valves
Valves are used to control the
flow of water in the distribution
system. They are located
throughout the system, and can
be used to isolate a section of
the system for maintenance or
repair.
 6. Pumps
Pumps are used to move water
through the system, either from
the treatment plant to the
distribution system or from one
part of the distribution system
to another.
 Types of Distribution
System
There are two main types of water distribution
systems: the direct system and the indirect system.
 1. Direct System

In the direct system, the water flows directly from

the distribution main to the consumer's taps. This
system is simple and inexpensive, but it can be
difficult to maintain a consistent water pressure.
 2. Indirect System
In the indirect system, the water is stored in a
tank or reservoir, and then distributed to the
consumers through a separate set of pipes. This
system is more complex and expensive, but it
allows for better control of water pressure and
provides a backup supply of water in case of an
emergency.
 Common Problems & Solutions
Low Water Pressure Water Contamination
This can be caused by a Contamination can occur if
leak in the system, a the water is not properly
blockage in the pipes, or treated or if there is a
breach in the system that
a malfunctioning pump.
allows contaminants to
The solution to this enter. The solution to this
problem depends on the problem is to identify the
cause, but it may involve source of the contamination
repairing or replacing the and take steps to prevent it
affected component. from happening again.
Pipe Corrosion
Corrosion can occur over
time as the pipes age,
and can lead to leaks or
other damage. The
solution to this problem is
to replace the affected
pipes with newer, more
durable materials.
 Sanitary and Storm
Drainage System
Sanitary and storm drainage systems are an
essential part of any building infrastructure.
These systems are responsible for removing waste
and excess water from a building, ensuring the
health and safety of its occupants.
 Components
Sanitary and storm drainage systems are made
up of various components, such as:
 1. Pipes
Pipes are the main component
of both sanitary and storm
drainage systems. These pipes
are made of different
materials, including PVC, cast
iron, and concrete.
 2. Traps
Traps are installed beneath
sinks, showers, and other
fixtures to prevent sewer gas
from entering the building.
They also prevent blockages
in the system.
 3. Vents
Vents are used to equalize air
pressure in the drainage
system, allowing waste and
water to flow freely.
 4. Sewage Ejectors
Sewage ejectors are installed in
areas where gravity alone
cannot move wastewater, such
as in basements or below the
main sewer line.
Difference between Sanitary and
Storm Drainage System
Sanitary drainage systems are designed to remove
waste and sewage from a building and transport it to a
wastewater treatment plant. Storm drainage systems, on
the other hand, are designed to remove rainwater and
other excess water from a building and transport it to a
stormwater management system.
 Sewage Disposal System
Absence of a good sewage disposal system can result to
contamination as water and water-borne diseases. It is
important to value a good disposal system.
 Different Types Sewage
Disposal System
Cesspool Privy Septic Tank Public Sewer Line
 Septic Tanks
Septic tanks are underground structures used for the
disposal and treatment of household wastewater. They
are commonly used in areas where centralized sewer
systems are not available or are too expensive to install.
 Components
A septic tank system consists of three main
components:
 1. Septic Tank
This is an underground, watertight
container where the wastewater
from a home or building is collected
and held for a period of time to
allow for the separation of solid
and liquid waste.
 2. Draine Field
This is a network of
perforated pipes that are
installed underground and
allow for the liquid waste,
known as effluent, to slowly
seep into the soil and be
naturally filtered and treated.
 3. Soil
The soil surrounding the drain
field plays a crucial role in the
treatment process by naturally
filtering out contaminants and
bacteria from the effluent.
 Functions
The function of a septic tank system is to collect and treat the
wastewater produced by a home or building. When wastewater enters
the septic tank, the solids and liquids are separated through a process
known as sedimentation. The solids settle to the bottom of the tank, while
the lighter liquids rise to the top. Bacteria in the tank work to break
down and decompose the solid waste. Once the solids have settled and
the liquids have been partially treated, the effluent flows out of the
septic tank and into the drain field. The effluent is slowly absorbed and
filtered by the soil, which removes any remaining contaminants and
bacteria.
 Installation and Maintenance
The installation of a septic tank system requires careful planning and design
to ensure that it meets the needs of the home or building it serves. The system
must be properly sized based on the number of occupants and the volume of
wastewater produced. The system must also be located in an area with
suitable soil conditions and away from any water sources or structures. Proper
maintenance of a septic tank system is essential for its effective functioning
and longevity. This includes regular pumping of the septic tank to remove any
accumulated solids and prevent clogs in the drain field. It is also important to
avoid flushing non-biodegradable items, such as paper towels and sanitary
products, down the toilet. Proper use of water, such as fixing leaks and using
water-efficient appliances, can also help prolong the life of the system.
Thank You
for Listening!