HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT
1. Define the term “Hormone”.
Hormones are chemical substances that are produced in one area of the body and
then go to other areas to control the function of cells and organs.
2. Diagram of endocrine glands in the body.

3. Name one hormone produced by each endocrine gland and state their function in the
human body.
Gland Hormone produced Function
Pineal Gland
Pituitary Gland Oxytocin Stimulates contraction of
uterus and milk ducts in the
breast.
Thyroid Gland Thyroid Hormone Controls metabolism,
affects growth and nervous
system activity
Thymus Humoral Factors Helps develop the
lymphoid system
Adrenal Gland Aldosterone Regulates salt, water
balance and blood pressure
Pancreas Insulin Lowers blood sugar levels,
stimulates metabolism of
glucose, fat and protein.
Ovary Oestrogen Vital for the health of the
 uterus and breasts, has an
impact on the development
of female sexual traits, and
maintains bone health.
Testis Testosterone Develop and maintain male
sexual characteristics and
maturation
Hypothalamus Thyrotropin releasing Regulates thyroid
hormone (TRH) stimulating hormone
release in the pituitary
gland.

4. Briefly explain what will happen to a female if her ovaries become damaged and there is
an underproduction of the hormone oestrogen.
If a female’s body lacks oestrogen (oestrogen deficiency), she may show symptoms
similar to menopause. She may have irregular or skipped periods, fertility issues,
vaginal dryness, decreased sexual desires as well as weak bones.

5. Briefly explain what will happen to a male who is unable to produce testosterone.

A male whose body is unable to produce testosterone may have symptoms such as low sex
dive, erectile dysfunction, loss of muscular strength, increased body fat, osteoporosis as well
as a decrease in haemoglobin and mild anaemia. A loss of body hair is also a result.