- composed of different glands which secrete hormones that regulate metabolism,

growth and development, mood, and reproduction.

HORMONES

• organic substances released by the glands of the endocrine system directly into
the bloodstream.

HYPOTHALAMUS

• is a small region located in the

base of the brain just above the
brainstem. It performs the critical
function of maintaining
homeostasis by regulating
blood pressure, temperature,
sleep, mood, hunger, and
thirst.

PITUITARY GLAND

• produces hormones that

stimulate growth and control
the functions of other glands.
• located “at the base of the
brain”.

HORMONES RELEASED BY
PITUITARY GLAND

• Oxytocin
• Growth
• Hormones (GH)
• Prolactin (PRL)
• Luteinizing Hormone(LH)
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone
(FSH)
• Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
(ACTH)
• Antidiuretic hormone (AH)
• Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH)
THYROID • On top of the kidneys.
Hormone: Adrenaline
• produces hormones that regulate
body metabolism, and storage
PANCREAS
of calcium in bones.
• In front of the neck and below the
voice box. • produce hormones that regulate
blood sugar levels.
• Behind the stomach

Hormones: Thyroxin /Thyroid

Hormones: Insulin & Glucagon
Hormone
TESTES
PARATHYROID
• produces hormones that control
• produces hormones that
maturation of sperm and
control the calcium levels in
development of the secondary
your body and normalizes
male sexual characteristics.
bone growth.
• Scrotum
• In the neck.

Hormone: Parathormone

THYMUS

Hormone: Testosterone

OVARIES

• produces hormones that

• produces hormones that enable
the body to produce T cells
before puberty.
• In front of the heart.
Hormones: Thymosin
ADRENAL
influence development of the
secondary female sexual
characteristics, and maturation
of the egg cells and ovulation.
Hormones:
Estrogen- Important role in sexual and
reproductive development.

• produces hormones that affect Progesterone- Facilitates the

metabolism, immune system implantation of the fertilized egg.
and blood pressure, stress
reaction.
PINEAL Dwarfism

• produces hormones that regulate

• is a condition wherein the
the biological clock in some
animals. production of growth hormones in
the pituitary gland is
insufficient resulting in short
stature.

(Pituitary: Dwarfism)

Hormone: Melatonin Diabetes

• occurs when the pancreas, a
gland behind the stomach, does
ENDORCRINE DISORDERS
not produce enough of the
Osteoporosis hormone insulin, or the body

• is a disease that happens when cannot use insulin properly.

the mineral density of the bone is Insulin helps carry sugar from

reduced making it brittle and the bloodstream into the cells.

porous. Parathyroid hormone

secretion is one of the possible (Pancreas: Diabetes)

causes of this disease.

(Osteoporosis: Parathyroid)

Goiter

• is an abnormal enlargement of
the thyroid gland. It results from
the underproduction or
overproduction of thyroid
hormones.

(Goiter: Thyroid)

Gigantism

• is a disorder that happens during

childhood when there is an
abnormal increase in height
associated with too much
secretion of growth hormones.

(Pituitary: Gigantism)
 The Role of Hormones in produced by the corpus luteum
Female and Male Reproductive after ovulation and prepares
Systems the uterus for implantation of a
fertilized egg by thickening the
Hormones play a crucial role in uterine lining (endometrium). It
the regulation of both the male also helps maintain the
and female reproductive systems, pregnancy by preventing uterine
ensuring proper function and contractions that could expel the
facilitating the process of fertilized egg.
reproduction.
In addition to estrogen and
In the male reproductive system, progesterone, inhibin is another
the pituitary gland releases hormone produced by the ovarian
follicle-stimulating hormone follicles. Inhibin acts as a
(FSH) and FSH stimulates the negative feedback mechanism
Sertoli cells in the testes, to regulate the production of FSH
which nourish the sperm cells by the pituitary gland. By
and support their development. inhibiting FSH production, inhibin
LH, on the other hand, acts on helps control the menstrual cycle
the interstitial cells (Leydig and maintain hormonal balance.
cells) in the testes, triggering
the production and release of FSH and LH, produced by the
testosterone. Testosterone is pituitary gland, regulate the
essential for the development of levels of estrogen and
male secondary sexual progesterone in the female
characteristics and stimulates reproductive system. FSH
the process of sperm stimulates the growth and
production (spermatogenesis) development of ovarian
in the testes. follicles, while LH triggers
ovulation and the formation of
In the female reproductive the corpus luteum, which then
system, the hormones estrogen produces progesterone.
and progesterone, produced
primarily by the ovaries, play
key roles. Estrogen is primarily
produced by the developing
ovarian follicles and is
responsible for the growth and
maturation of the ovarian
follicles, as well as the GOOD LUCK ON YOUR EXAM!
regulation of the menstrual
cycle. Progesterone is