Uéj. >  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Ngnbgd
Ngn bgd tkfi FF
FFMI®
MI®

 I p u m t k ^épg
 Ip ^ép g c d
FFMI >55-659
Xkrsgöm :.9

Dsfir Imtdmgd Jkrdlktti

KC[NDD@V
www.kcundd`s.fdl.ir

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 6 
 

Jkrdlktti, Dsfir Imtdmgd

Ipumtk répgcd FFMI >55-659 ? vkrsgöm :.9 / Dsfir Imtdmgd Jkrdlktti. - 9i kcgfgöm
piri kb ibulmd - Fgucic Iutömdli ck Nukmds Igrks ? Kcundd`s, >5>9.
Bgnrd cgjgtib, k^kickr

Irfagvd Cgjgtib? cksfirji

7:1-71:-6181-9:-:

9. Fdlputifgöm. >. ^kcks Gmibélnrgfis. 6. Vgstklis ck Fdlumgfifgöm. G. Sìtubd.

FCC 553.88

Sdcds bds ckrkfads rkskrvicds.

Mgmjumi pirtk ck kstk bgnrd pukck rkprdcufgrsk d trimslgtgrsk
niod mgmjumi hdrli d pdr mgmjÿm lkcgd glprksd, kbkftrömgfd d
lkfémgfd, mg pdr mgmjÿm sgstkli ck iblifkmilgkmtd y
rkfupkrifgöm ck gmhdrlifgöm sgm pkrlgsd pdr ksfrgtd ckb iutdr.

Ckrkfads rkskrvicds © >5>9.

7:1-71:-6181-9:-:

Ib icqugrgr kstk bgnrd ustkc ai rkfdmdfgcd kb kshukrzd y triniod ckb iutdr y kb kqugpd
ck fdrrkftdrks, kcgtdrks, gbustricdrks y cklés pkrsdmis quk aim trinioicd
trinio icd km ksti
dnri. Fdm kstd aifk pdsgnbk quk bi tirki ck cksirrdbbd ck mukvds litkrgibks ck
kstucgd fdmtgmÿk.

Fuimcd um bgnrd sk fdpgi d sk cgstrgnuyk ck ldcd md iutdrgzicd, qugkm bd aifk sk

iprdpgi gmckngcilkmtk ckb triniod ck dtrds y bglgti bds rkfursds quk sk pdcrém
ckstgmir i fdmtgmuir bi tirki.

Fgsfd y kb bdjd ck Fgsfd sdm lirfis rkjgstricis ck Fgsfd y/d ibjumd ck sus
ihgbgicds km bds Ksticds [mgcds ck Mdrtkilçrgfi y dtrds piìsks. [mi bgsti fdlpbkti
ck bis lirfis ck Fgsfd pukck fdmsubtirsk km
www.fgsfd.fdl/wkn/sgtkisskts/bkjib/tricklir`.atlb.
www.fgsfd.fdl/wkn/sgtkisskts/bkjib/tr icklir`.atlb. Bis lirfis fdlkrfgibks ck
tkrfkrd lkmfgdmicis sdm ck prdpgkcic ck sus rkspkftgvds cukùds.

Uéj. 3  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Gmtrdcuffgöm

Kb 95 ck oumgd ck >597 Fgsfd Vystkls imumfgö umi rkhdrlubifgöm gmtkjrib ck su

sgstkli ck fkrtghgfifgdmks. Uirtk ck ksti rkhdrlubifgöm ai sgcd bi rkvgsgöm ck bis
fkrtghgfifgdmks ck mgvkb isdfgicd y su fdmsdbgcifgöm fdm bi gmtrdcuffgöm ck um ÿmgfd
kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm quk ks iadri kb kxilkm FFMI >55-659.
Cksck aifk iùds punbgfd cghkrkmtks litkrgibks ck kstucgd km fistkbbimd piri
ifdlpiùir bi prkpirifgöm ck qugkmks ckskim prkskmtir kxélkmks ck fkrtghgfifgöm
ck Fgsfd. ^ksubticd ck kstk kshukrzd ai sgcd umi skrgk ck limuibks, Ipumtks
^épgcds, Juìis ck Kstucgd, km cghkrkmtks vkrsgdmks piri bds kxélkmks FFMI
curimtk lés ck 9; iùds.

Kmtrk bds prglkrds limuibks quk cksirrdbbk sk kmfukmtrim Bds Ipumtks ^épgcds
km fuyi skrgk sk gmsfrgnk kstk Ipumtk ^épgcd FFMI >55-659 quk iadri tkmçs km
tus limds.

Kb Ipumtk ^épgcd ksté fdmfkngcd fdld um limuib skmfgbbd y cgrkftd quk pkrlgtk
kmfdmtrir i qugkm ksté prkpirimcd su kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm, km um ÿmgfd tkxtd
ck kstucgd, bi tdtibgcic ckb tklirgd tkörgfd rkqukrgcd piri dntkmkr su dnoktgvd. Sdcd
y sdbd iqukbbd quk cknçs kstucgir ksté km kstk limuib. Md tgkmk rkqugsgtds prkvgds.
´Ks suhgfgkmtk piri prkpirir kb kxilkm4
I lg ougfgd, sì. Ukrd ks fgkrtd quk lufais vkfks qukrklds prdhumcgzir lés km
ibjumds tklis d prkfgsir cktibbks. Km ksds fisds sujgkrd ifucgr ib sgtgd dhgfgib ck
Fgsfd? bi ngnbgdtkfi ck tkfmdbdjìis ck mktwdr`gmj km bìmki lés ilpbgi kxgstkmtk.
Fuimcd qugkris rkvgsir um fdlimcd, prdhumcgzir km ibjumi ck sus dpfgdmks, d
nusfir liydr cktibbk km kb humfgdmilgkmtd ck um prdtdfdbd, kb sgtgd ck Fgsfd tgkmk
bd quk kstés mkfksgtimcd d nusfimcd.

Kb cksirrdbbd ck kstk limuib funrk bi tdtibgcic ckb tklirgd ckb kxilkm ck

fkrtghgfifgöm sdbd quk km um drckm cghkrkmtk. Kstk filngd km kb drckm dnkckfk i
nusfir umi lkodr fdlprkmsgöm y um cksirrdbbd lés adldjçmkd ckb kstucgd. Km bi
kbindrifgöm ck kstk Ipumtk ^épgcd ak cgvgcd kb tklirgd km 7 koks tklétgfds?

  Urgmfgpgds ck rkcks SFU/GU

•  Cgrkffgdmilgkmtd GU (GUv3/GUv8)

•  Dpkrifgöm ck cgspdsgtgvds Fgsfd GDV

•  Fdmlutifgöm BIM

•  Humcilkmtds ck rkcks gmibélnrgfis

•  Kmrutilgkmtd GU

•  Vkrvgfgds GU

•  Skfmdbdjìis ZIM

•  Gmtrdcuffgöm i bi skjurgcic

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. ; 
 

Kstdy fdmvkmfgcd ck quk, fdm kb kshukrzd y fdmfkmtrifgöm mkfksirgds kstk Ipumtk

^épgcd ks umi akrrilgkmti ickfuici piri quk prkpirks tu kxilkm ck
fkrtghgfifgöm. ´Yuç lés mkfksgtés4 Km prglkr bujir kshukrzd y ckcgfifgöm, pdr
supukstd. Ukrd icklés um nukm sglubicdr d umi liqukti ck kqugpds quk tk
pkrlgti kokrfgtir bds fdlimcds y prdfkcglgkmtds ck fdmhgjurifgöm. Udr bd cklés,
km bd quk sk rkhgkrk i fdmtkmgcds ck kstucgd, tdcd ksté fungkrtd km kstk limuib.

Ckskd sgmfkrilkmtk quk kstk mukvd limuib ski umi iyuci khgfiz km tu

prkpirifgöm
ipdrtk piri kbaifkr
quk qugkris kxilkm ckngkmvkmgcd
skré fkrtghgfifgöm. Fuibqugkr
y ck sujkrkmfgi,
jrim glpdrtimfgi fdlkmtirgd
piri kvibuir kkbbd
filgmd quk tdlirç km huturis vkrsgdmks.

Fdld sgklprk ifbird km tdcis lgs punbgfifgdmks, kb élngtd ckb mktwdr`gmj y kb ck

bis fkrtghgfifgdmks km pirtgfubir ks umi rkibgcic filngimtk, km pkrlimkmtk
iftuibgzifgöm. Ks pdr kstd quk cksck kb nbdj ‒Lgs Bgnrds ck Mktwdr`gmj“ lk dfupd
ck nrgmcir pkrlimkmtklkmtk gmhdrlifgöm sdnrk fuibqugkr mdvkcic quk suroi sdnrk
kstds tklis. Sk gmvgtd i quk vgsgtks kb nbdj d bis rkcks sdfgibks isdfgicis
(Hifkndd`, X@ y Skbkjril) y lk aijis bbkjir fuibqugkr fdlkmtirgd d sujkrkmfgi
quk fdmsgckrks fdmvkmgkmtk.

 Nbdj ‒Lgs Bgnrds ck Mktwdr`gmj“ attp?//bgnrdsmktwdr`gmj.nbdjspdt.fdl 

‒BgnrdsMktwdr`gmj“ km Skbkjril  
 Jrupd
attps?//t.lk/BgnrdsMktwdr`gmj

 Jrupd ‒Bgnrds.Mktwdr`gmj“ km X@ 

attps?//v`.fdl/bgnrds.mktwdr`gmj

 Fdrrkd kbkftrömgfd? bgnrds.mktwdr`gmjEjligb.fdl

Kb Iutdr

Dsfir Imtdmgd Jkrdlktti ks FFMI / FFMU Vkfurgty / FFVG / FFNH / FFNXU.

Fdm umi kxtkmsi triykftdrgi cdfkmtk km kb érki, ai sgcd kb prglkr Fgsfd Fkrtghgkc
Ifickly Gmstruftdr (FFIG) ck bi ^kjgöm y rkspdmsinbk curimtk virgds iùds ck bi
Fipifgtifgöm ck bi fdlumgcic ck Gmstruftdrks ck Fgsfd Mktwdr`gmj Ifickly km
Irjkmtgmi, Ndbgvgi, Uirijuiy y [rujuiy.

Ai bgckricd mulkrdsds prdykftds k gmgfgitgvis fdld cksirrdbbicdr ck k-bkirmgmj.

Ai sgcd lgklnrd ckb Furrgfubul ^kvgkw Ndirc ck Fgsfd Mktwdr`gmj Ifickly. Ai
rkfgngcd km ; dpdrtumgcicks kb rkfdmdfglgkmtd hdrlib ck Fgsfd Vystkls pdr bi
fibgcic ck sus kmtrkmilgkmtds, trks km kb érki tçfmgfi y cds lés km kb érki ck
mkjdfgds.

Cksck kb iùd >555 prdpdrfgdmi fursds ck ipdyd kspkfgiblkmtk cgskùicds pdr çb

piri qugkmks sk prkpirim i rkmcgr su kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI, FFMI Vkf,
FFMI Zg, FFCI d FFMU, bdjrimcd kmtrk sus ibulmds um mgvkb ck iprdnifgöm
supkrgdr ib 7;%.

Ady, icklés ck su iftgvgcic fdld Gmstruftdr fkrtghgficd sk ckskmvukbvk fdld

fdmsubtdr tçfmgfd y ck mkjdfgds km klprksis ck tkfmdbdjìi.

Uéj. 8  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Fdmtkmgcds

Gmtrdcuffgöm ......................................................................................................................................... ; 
Fdmtkmgcds ...................................................................................................................................... : 
Kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI ....................................................................................................... 7  
Kb Kxilkm ck Fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI >55-659 ........................
.................................
..................
..................
..................
...................
...................
.............
.... 7 
Kb hdrlitd ck bis prkjumtis ckb kxilkm .........
..................
..................
...................
...................
..................
..................
..................
..................
.............
.... 91 
Kb Urdfkcglgkmtd piri Urkskmtir kb Kxilkm ......
...............
..................
...................
...................
..................
..................
............................. >8  
..................
^kspuksti i Ibjumis ck bis Urkjumtis LLés
és Hrkfukmtks .........
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
................
....... 63 
9. Urgmfgpgds ck dpkrifgöm ck rkcks SFU/GU ................
.........................
..................
..................
..................
..................
...................
...................
..............
..... 39 
Gmtrdcuffgöm i bds ldckbds ck rkhkrkmfgi ...........
....................
..................
...................
...................
..................
..................
..................
..................
........... 3;  
Irqugtkfturis y vgrtuibgzifgöm ........................................................................................................ 78 
Ldckbd ck irqugtkfturi ................................................................................................................. 77 
Fdlputd km bi munk .................................................................................................................... 95; 
Irqugtkfturi ck bds cgspdsgtgvds ck rkc ...............
........................
...................
...................
..................
..................
..................
..................
.................
........ 995 
Humcilkmtds ck vgrtuibgzifgöm ................................................................................................... 996  
>. Cgrkffgdmilgkmtd GU (GUv3/GUv8) ................................................................................................. 9>6  
Kb Urdtdfdbd GU (Gmtkrmkt Urdtdfdb) .............................................................................................. 9>6 
Cgrkffgdmilgkmtd GU vkrsgöm 3 .................................................................................................... 9>6 
Lçtdcds ck cgijmöstgfd ck hibbis ................................................................................................ 968  
Glpbklkmtifgöm ck sunrkcks km rkcks GUv3 ......... ..................
..................
...................
...................
..................
..................
..................
..............
..... 9;9 
GU vkrsgöm 8 ................................................................................................................................. 988 
6. Dpkrifgöm ck cgspdsgtgvds Fgsfd GDV .......................................................................................... 917  
Iffksd i bi jkstgöm ckb cgspdsgtgvd ............................................................................................. 917  
Fdlpdmkmtks ck aircwirk ck um cgspdsgtgvd ........... ..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
...................
...................
............
... 976  
Fgsfd GDV .................................................................................................................................... 971 
Vkfukmfgi d rutgmi ck gmgfgd km cgspdsgtgvds GDV ........ .................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
...................
.......... >31 
Fgsfd Cgsfdvkry Urdtdfdb (FCU) ................................................................................................. >;7 
Bgm` Biykr Cgsfdvkry Urdtdfdb (BBCU) .......... ...................
..................
...................
...................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..............
..... >83  
3. Fdmlutifgöm BIM ....................................................................................................................... >87  
Firiftkrìstgfis nésgfis ck um swgtfa .......................................................................................... >:9 
Fdmhgjurifgöm nésgfi ckb swgtfa Fitibyst...........
Fitibyst....................
..................
..................
..................
..................
...................
...................
..................
......... >:7 
Cgijmöstgfd ck prdnbklis hrkfukmtks km bds swgtfaks ....... ................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
...........
.. >79 
Cgskùd ck bi rkc fdrpdritgvi ....................................................................................................... >7;  
Vkjlkmtifgöm ck bi rkc glpbklkmtimcd XBIMs .......... ...................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
.................
........ >78 
^kcumcimfgi
Vpimmgmj SrkkkmUrdtdfdb
kmbifks..............................................................................................................
ck fipi >............................................................................................ 698 69: 
KtakrFaimmkb .............................................................................................................................. 663 
Vwgtfagmj fipi 6 ......................................................................................................................... 639 
^kcumcimfgi km kb ckhiubt jitkwiy ............................................................................................ 63: 
;. Humcilkmtds ck rkcks gmibélnrgfis ......... ..................
..................
...................
...................
..................
..................
..................
..................
.................
........ 6;: 
Skfmdbdjìis gmibélnrgfis ........................................................................................................... 6;1 
Irqugtkfturis ZBIM.................................................................................................................... 685 
Hrkfukmfgis y fimibks ................................................................................................................ 6:6 
Jkstgöm ck bi rkc gmibélnrgfi ..................................................................................................... 6:1  
Gmtkrhifks y pukrtds ckb fdmtrdbicdr gmibélnrgfd ........... ....................
..................
..................
..................
..................
...................
................
...... 61> 
Fdmhgjurifgöm ckb ZBF ............................................................................................................... 618 
8. Kmrutilgkmtd GU ........................................................................................................................... 35;  
Urgmfgpgds ckb kmrutilgkmtd GU .................................................................................................... 35;  
Fdmhgjurifgöm ck bis gmtkrhifks ckb rdutkr ......... ..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
...................
...................
......... 393 
Kmrutilgkmtd kstétgfd ................................................................................................................. 39: 

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. : 
 

Kmrutilgkmtd Cgmélgfd ............................................................................................................... 3>6  

Dpkm Vadrtkst Uita Hgrst (DVUH) ............................................................................................... 363 
:. Vkrvgfgds GU.................................................................................................................................. 3;7 
Aypkr Skxt Srimshkr Urdtdfdb (ASSU) ......................................................................................... 3;7  
Cdligm Milk Vystkl (CMV) ..................................................................................................... 385  
Isgjmifgöm iutdlétgfi ck cgrkffgdmks GU ................ .........................
..................
..................
..................
..................
...................
...................
............
... 383  
Bgstis ck Fdmtrdb ck Iffksd ....................................................................................................... 3:> 
Fdmhgjurifgöm ck cgrkffgdmilgkmtd GU isgjmicd pdr kb VU ................ .........................
...................
...................
..................
............
... 317 
Mktwdr` Iccrkss Srimsbitgdm (MIS) ........................................................................................... 379  
Gmtrdcuffgöm i YdV ..................................................................................................................... ;56 
Gmtrdcuffgöm i bi iutdlitgzifgöm ck rkcks ......... ..................
..................
...................
...................
..................
..................
..................
.................
........ ;>3 
Ldmgtdrkd y jkstgöm ck cgspdsgtgvds Fgsfd ......... ..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
...................
...................
......... ;8: 
1. Skfmdbdjìis ZIM ....................................................................................................................... ;16  
Dpfgdmks ck fdmkftgvgcic ........................................................................................................... ;11  
Urdtdfdbds ZIM .......................................................................................................................... ;77  
Ldckbds ck fdmkftgvgcic fdrpdritgvi i Gmtkrmkt .............. .......................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..............
..... 859 
^kcks Urgvicis Xgrtuibks (XUM) ................................................................................................. 856  
7. Gmtrdcuffgöm i bi skjurgcic ......................................................................................................... 857 
Ilkmizis i bi skjurgcic ........................................................................................................... 857  
Sgpds ck itiquks ......................................................................................................................... 896 
Lgtds hrkfukmtks .......................................................................................................................... 8>3 
Fdmtkxtd iftuib ck bis ilkmizis ............................................................................................... 8>8  
Skfmdbdjìis ck ckhkmsi
Urdtkffgöm fdmtri ..............................................................................................................
itiquks 866  
.......................................................................................................... 8>:
Gmtrdcuffgöm i bis tçfmgfis frgptdjréhgfis ..............
.......................
...................
...................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..............
..... 86:  
^kcks prgvicis vgrtuibks skjuris ............................................................................................... 836  
Vkjurgcic km bis rkcks gmibélnrgfis ...........................
..................
...................
...................
..................
..................
..................
..................
.................
........ 8;6  
Vkjurgcic km
k m kb iffksd i bi jkstgöm ck cgspdsgtgvds ........ .................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
.............
.... 885 
Airckmgmj ck cgspdsgtgvds ck gmhrikstrufturi......... ..................
..................
...................
...................
..................
..................
..................
..............
..... 8:3  
Lgtgjifgöm ck itiquks km fipi > ................................................................................................ 817 
Ìmcgfk ............................................................................................................................................... :59 

Uéj. 1  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Kb kxilkm ck fkrtg
fkrtghg
hgfifgö
fifgömm FFMI
FFMI

Imtks ck fdlkmzir prdpgilkmtk kb kstucgd ckb tklirgd prkpiricd piri kstk nrgcjk
ks glpdrtimtk cktkmkrmds umds ldlkmtds i rkvgsir bi gmhdrlifgöm cgspdmgnbk sdnrk
kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI >55-659 y ibjumis sujkrkmfgis rkspkftd ck bi
utgbgzifgöm ck kstk limuib.
Kb Kxilkm ck Fkrtgh gfifgö
gf ifgöm
m FFMI >5
>55-6
5-659
59

Kb prdjrili ck fkrtghgfifgdmks ck Fgsfd Vystkls tgkmk yi umi triykftdrgi ck

cçficis y um rkfdmdfglgkmtd gmtkrmifgdmib ÿmgfd km kb érki. Ks fdmsgckricd pdr
bds kspkfgibgstis ckb érki umd ck bds lés prkstgjgdsds (sg md kb lés
l és prkstgjgdsd) y
rkfdmdfgcds km bi gmcustrgi ck bis tkfmdbdjìis ck fdlumgfifgdmks.

Kstk prdjrili ck fkrtghgfifgdmks md pukck skr iokmd i bi fdlpbkogcic y cgvkrsgcic

ck tkfmdbdjìis quk indrci Fgsfd km kb umgvkrsd ck bis fdlumgfifgdmks. Ks isì quk
ckspuçs ck um pkrìdcd ck lufai cgvkrsgcic y itdlgzifgöm ck bis fkrtghgfifgdmks kb
95 ck oumgd ck >597 Fgsfd Vystkls bimzö umi rkhdrlubifgöm fdlpbkti ck su
sgstkli ck fkrtghgfifgdmks quk tgkmk virgis firiftkrìstgfis?

•  Vk limtgkmkm bds 6 mgvkbks tricgfgdmibks ck fkrtghgfifgöm? Isdfgicd,

Urdhksgdmib y Kxpkrtd.

•  Vgm klnirjd,
klnirjd, sk rklukvkm td tdcds
cds bbds
ds pprkrrkqugsgtds
rkrrkqugsgtds kxgstkmtks y iadri ks
pdsgnbk iffkckr ck ldcd cgrkftd ib mgvkb ck fkrtghgfifgöm ckskicd sgm
mkfksgcic ck funrgr rkqugsgtds prkvgds.

•  Vk rkhdrlubi bi pdpdbìtgfi
bìtgfi ck rkfkrtghgfifgöm y i pirtgr ck iadri tdcis bis
fkrtghgfifgdmks tgkmkm um pkrìdcd ck vibgckz ck 6 iùds.

•  Lés ibbé
ibbé ck bi iu
iuskmfgi
skmfgi ck prkrrkqugsgtds, bi fkrtghgfifgöm ck gmgfgd km kb
érki tçfmgfi ck Fgsfd ks fbirilkmtk cksck iadri bi fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI.
[mi ÿmgfi fkrtghgfifgöm ck gmjrksd piri tdci bi virgkcic ck tkfmdbdjìis.

•
  Vk kbglgmirdmkbibjumd
sglpbghgfimcd ibjumdss ckkmbds
sgstkli bdstriykftds cktriykftds?
sgjugkmtks fkrtghgfifgöm (krim 95),

d  Kmtkrprgsk

d  Vkfurgty

d  Fdbbindritgdm

d  Citi Fkmtkr

d  Vkrvgfk Urdvgckr

d  FynkrDps

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 7 
 

•  Vk gmtrdcufk um mukvd triykftd ck fkrtghgfifgöm fdlpbktilkmtk

gmckpkmcgkmtk ckcgficd i bds tklis ck iutdlitgzifgöm y prdjrilingbgcic?
CkvMkt.

Mgvkb Isdfgicd  

FFMI FynkrDps Issdfgitk 

Mgvkb Urdhksgdmib  

FFMU Kmtkrprgsk  FFMU Fdbbindritgdm  FynkrDps Urdhkssgdmib 

FFMU Citi Fkmtkr   FFMU Vkfurgty 

FFMU Vkrvgfk Urdvgckr  

Mgvkb Kxpkrtd

FFGK Kmtkrprgsk FFGK Fdbbindritgdm 

Gmhristrufturk 

FFGK Kmtkrprgsk FFGK Vkfurgty 

Zgrkbkss 

FFGK Vkrvgfk Urdvgckr   FFGK Citi Fkmtkr  

Aiy, icklés, um jrupd luy virgicd y mutrgcd ck kspkfgibgzifgdmks km cghkrkmtks

érkis tçfmgfis, quk tilngçm ai suhrgcd filngds mdtdrgds k glpdrtimtks km bds
ÿbtglds iùds?
Fdbbindritgdm

•  Fgsfd [mghgkc Fdmtift Fkmtkr Kmtkrprgsk Vpkfgibgst

Citi Fkmtkr

•  Fgsfd imc MktIpp HbkxUdc Cksgjm Vpkfgibgst

•  Fgsfd imc MktIpp HbkxUdc Glpbklkmtitgdm imc Iclgmgstritgdm Vpkfgibgst

Fgsfd Lkri`g Vdbutgdms

  Fgsfd Lkri`g Vdbutgdms Vpkfgibgst

Uéj. 95  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Nusgmkss Irfagtkfturk

•  Fgsfd Nusgmkss Irfagtkfturk Imibyst

Fustdlkr Vuffkss

•  Fgsfd Fustdlkr Vuffkss Limijkr

•
  Fgsfd ^kmkwibs Limijkr

 Uiri dntkmkr bi gmhdrlifgöm dhgfgib y iftuibgzici rkspkftd ck fici

umd ck kstds triykftds, sus rkspkftgvis fkrtghgfifgdmks, kxélkmks, y
bis cghkrkmtks kspkfgibgzifgdmks, vgsgtk kb sgtgd dhgfgib ck Fgsfd?
attps?//www.fgsfd.fdl/f/km/us/trigmgmj-kvkmts/trigmgmj-
fkrtghgfitgdms/mkxt-bkvkb-fkrtghgfitgdms.atlb

Bi fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI quk mds dfupi, sk dntgkmk fdm kb ÿmgfd rkqugsgtd ck iprdnir
kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI >55-659 km um Ukirsdm X[K Skstgmj Fkmtkr
Iutdrgzicd.

Kb tklirgd dhgfgib ckb kxilkm FFMI >55-659 bd prkskmtirç km bis sgjugkmtks

péjgmis ck kstk limuib.

 Uiri
Uiri dntkmkr gmhdrlifgöm dhgfgib rkspkftd ck bi fkrtghgfifgöm Fgsfd
Fkrtghgkc Mktwdr` Issdfgitk, vgsgtk kb sgtgd dhgfgib ck Fgsfd?
attp?//www.fgsfd.fdl/jd/ffmi

^kfkrtghgfifgöm

I pirtgr ckb >3 ck hknrkrd ck >5>5 Fgsfd Vystkls ipbgfi umi mukvi pdbìtgfi ck
rkfkrtghgfifgöm piri tdcis sus fkrtghgfifgdmks fdm kb prdpösgtd ck iskjurir kb mgvkb
ck iftuibgzifgöm ck bds tçfmgfds fkrtghgficds y bi mkfksirgi ickfuifgöm ck bds
pkrhgbks tçfmgfds i bis firiftkrìstgfis filngimtks ckb lkrficd bindrib ck bis
cghkrkmtks tkfmdbdjìis ck fdlumgfifgdmks quk sk ckspbgkjim.

Fgsfd dtdrji i tdcis sus fkrtghgfifgdmks umi vibgckz ck 6 iùds, pdr bd quk sg sk
ckski limtkmkr kb mgvkb icqugrgcd ks prkfgsd rkfkrtghgfir imtks ck quk sk fulpbi
ksk pkrìdcd ck 6 iùds. Kb pkrìdcd ck vibgckz sk fdlputi i pirtgr ck bi hkfai ck
iprdnifgöm ckb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm.

 Sdci
Sdci fkrtghgfifgöm tgkmk umi hkfai ck ficufgcic. Ksk cìi ficufi bi
vibgckz ck bi fkrtghgfifgöm sgm glpdrtir quk bi hkfai fdgmfgci fdm um
cìi hkstgvd d ck hgm ck sklimi.

Bi rkfkrtghgfifgöm ck FFMI sk pukck dntkmkr pdr fuibqugkri ck bds sgjugkmtks

filgmds?

•  Iprdnir fuibqugkr kxilkm ck mgvkb isdfgicd (iftuiblkmtk FFMI,

FynkrDps Issdfgitk d CkvMkt Issdfgitk).

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 99 
 

•  Iprdnir fuibqugkr kxilkm ck kspkfgibgzifgöm ckb mgvkb prdhksgdmib.

•  Iprdnir um kxilkm fdrk ckb mgvkb prdhksgdmib.

•  Iprdnir kb kxilkm préftgfd (bindritdrgd) ck FFGK.

•  Dntkmkr 65 frçcgtds ck kcufifgöm fdmtgmui ck Fgsfd.

Aiy quk tkmkr

lgkmtris km fukmti
sk limtkmji quk, ib
i b dntkmkr
iftuibgzici umi fkrtghgfifgöm
ksi fkrtghgfifgöm cksupkrgdr
ck mgvkb mgvkb su
supkrgdr,
pkrgdr,
pkrlimkfk
iftuibgzici iutdlétgfilkmtk bi fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI. Km fisd ck quk bi fkrtghgfifgöm
ck mgvkb supkrgdr ficuquk, pdr fuibqugkr fiusi, ck ldcd fdmoumtd ficufi bi
fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI quk sk kmfdmtrini isdfgici, i lkmds quk sk rkfkrtghgquk pdr
dtrd filgmd.

 Bi
Bi gmhdrlifgöm dhgfgib y iftuibgzici rkspkftd i bis pdbìtgfis ck
rkfkrtghgfifgöm ck Fgsfd Vystkls pukckm rkvgsirsk km kb sgtgd ck
Fgsfd? attps?//www.fgsfd.fdl/f/km
attps?//www.fgsfd.fdl/f/km/us/trigmgmj-kvkmts/trigmgmj-
/us/trigmgmj-kvkmts/trigmgmj-
fkrtghgfitgdms/rkfkrtghgfitgdm-pdbgfy.atlb

Firiftkrìstgfis ckb Kxilkm ck Fkrtghgfifgöm

Bi fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI sk dntgkmk iprdnimcd kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI >55-

659 km um Ukirsdm X[K Skstgmj Fkmtkr iutdrgzicd d ck limkri vgrtuib. ^kvgsklds
bis firiftkrìstgfis ck ksk kxilkm.

Kxilkm >55-659 FFMI  ‖ Fgsfd Fkrtghg

Fkrtghg kc Mktwdr`
Mktwdr` Issdfg itk Kxil
Kxil

•  Curifgöm? 9>5 lgmutds.

Vg tdli kstk kxilkm km gmjbçs km um piìs ck bkmjui agspimi sk dtdrjim
65 lgmutds icgfgdmibks piri fdlpkmsir kb akfad ck rkibgzirbd km bkmjui
md litkrmi. Udr kstk ldtgvd km piìsks ck ainbi agspimi sk dnskrvi quk bi
curifgöm ckb kxilkm ks ck 9;5 lgmutds.

 Fuimcd
Fuimcd ustkc sk ifrkcgtk piri rkmcgr kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm
rkfgngré
fdsis skumbkfdrrkd kbkftrömgfd
gmhdrli quk ustkcck fdmhgrlifgöm
fukmti fdm 9:5 km kb quk,piri
lgmutds kmtrk dtris
fdlpbktir kb kxilkm? >5 lgmutds piri kb tutdrgib prkvgd y 9;5
(9>5+65) piri kb kxilkm.

 Md
Md sk fdmhumci, kb tgklpd md ks ifulubitgvd. Iumquk ustkc utgbgfk
lkmds ck >5 lgmutds piri kb tutdrgib, md tkmcré lés quk bds
lkmfgdmicds 9;5 lgmutds piri fdlpbktir kb kxilkm.

•  Fimtgcic ck prkjumtis? kmtrk 955 y 995.

Bis prkjumtis sdm skbkffgdmicis ib izir i pirtgr ck umi nisk ck citds
drjimgzici skjÿm bis 8 érkis ck fdmdfglgkmtd ckhgmgcis km bds dnoktgvds
(lés ickbimtk kmfdmtrirés umi tricuffgöm ck fici umi km kb tklirgd ckb

kxilkm).
Kb vdbulkm tdtib ck bi nisk ck citds ck prkjumtis ckb kxilkm ks

Uéj. 9>  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

cksfdmdfgcd, pkrd ks glpdrtimtk tkmkr km fukmti quk bis prkjumtis sk

rkmukvim pkrgöcgfilkmtk.
Uiri skr fbirds, sg ngkm bds dnoktgvds y fdmtkmgcds ckb kxilkm md virìim bis
prkjumtis sdm pkrgöcgfilkmtk rkmdvicis.
Kb fdmoumtd ck prkjumtis quk fdlpdmkm kb kxilkm fdmfrktd quk [c.
cknkré iprdnir MD virìi ck ifukrcd i sus rkspukstis, sgmd quk bis
prkjumtis ckb kxilkm kstirém fdlpbktilkmtk ckhgmgcis ib ldlkmtd ck
gmgfgirbd.

•  Gcgdlis km quk sk kmfukmtri cgspdmgnbk? gmjbçs y oipdmçs.

Ib ldlkmtd ck rkciftir ksti vkrsgöm ckb Ipumtk ^épgcd md sk ai
imumfgicd umi vkrsgöm km kspiùdb y md aiy gmcgfgds ck bi pdsgngbgcic huturi
ck umi.

•  Kmtgcic rkjgstrimtk? Ukirsdm X[K.

Uiri prkskmtir kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm ks mkfksirgd rkjgstrirsk km um
Ukirsdm X[K Skstgmj Fkmtkr (aiy insdbuti bgnkrtic piri kbkjgr kb Skstgmj
Fkmtkr).
Ib rkjgstrirsk cknkré ckhgmgr hkfai y adri km quk ckski rkibgzir kb kxilkm,
y kb gcgdli km quk bd airé0 tilngçm cknkré rkibgzir kb fdrrkspdmcgkmtk
pijd.
Vg ngkm bi kbkffgöm ck hkfai y adri pukck filngirsk aisti >3 as. imtks ckb
kxilkm, bi kbkffgöm ck gcgdli md pukck skr ldcghgfici.

 Km kb fdmtkxtd ck bi pimcklgi ck FDXGC-97 sk aingbgtö bi pdsgngbgcic

pdsg ngbgcic
ck rkmcgr sgm fdmfurrgr i um tkstgmj fkmtkr.
Uiri iffkckr i ksti pdsgngbgcic aiy quk fulpbgr rkqugsgtds luy
kstrgftds rkspkftd ck kqugpilgkmtd y ilngkmtk km quk sk aingbgti kb
kxilkm.
Uiri fdmdfkr bds cktibbks rkvgsk kb sgtgd dhgfgib ck Ukirsdm X[K?
www.vuk.fdl/fgsfd

•  Ukrìdcd ck rkfkrtghgfifgöm? 6 iùds.

•  Uumtiok ck iprdnifgöm? 1;5/9555.

Kb pumtiok hgmib y kb isgjmicd i fici prkjumti pukckm virgir km fici
kxilkm gmcgvgcuib y sk gmcgfi fdm fbirgcic imtks ck gmgfgir kb kxilkm.
Kb sgstkli ck pumtuifgöm sk nisi km umi ksfibi quk vi ck 655 i 9555.
1;5 pumtds md ks bd lgsld quk 1;% ck iprdnifgöm.
Fici prkjumti tgkmk isgjmicd km kb sgstkli um pumtiok. Ib rkspdmckr
fdrrkftilkmtk kb Fimcgcitd suli km su sfdrk kb pumtiok isgjmicd i bi
prkjumti. Vg rkspdmck lib, md sk rksti mgmjÿm pumtiok, sgmd quk
sglpbklkmtk md suli kb fdrrkspdmcgkmtk i ksi prkjumti.
Kb Fimcgcitd rkfgnk 655 pumtds ib ldlkmtd ck gmgfgir kb kxilkm y pukck
dntkmkr fdld léxgld 9555 pumtds rkspdmcgkmcd fdm kxiftgtuc tdcis bis
prkjumtis.

Sklirgd ckb kxilkm

Kb sgjugkmtk ks kb cktibbk md dhgfgib (pdrquk bi tricuffgöm ks lìi) y md kxaiustgvd ck

bds dnoktgvds quk cknk ibfimzir um tçfmgfd quk ckski bi fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI. Kstds
dnoktgvds sk kmfukmtrim ijrupicds pdr érki ck gmtkrçs skjÿm kb sgstkli ck
fibghgfifgöm ckb kxilkm.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 96 
 

 Km
Km kb tklirgd ckstifd km gtébgfi y fdbdr  iqukbbds
 iqukbbds pumtds quk sdm
gmtrdcuffgdmks mdvkcdsis rkspkftd ckb kxilkm FFMIQ >55-9>; quk
huk rktgricd.

9. Humcilkmtds ck mktwdr`gmj >5% ck bi firji ckb kxilkm.

i. Kxpbgquk kb rdb y humfgöm ck bds fdlpdmkmtk

fdlpdmkmtkss ck umi rkc.
^dutkrs.
Vwgtfaks fipi > y fipi 6.
MJHZ y MJGUV.
 Iffkss pdgmts.
Fdmtrdbicdrks (CMI Fkmtkr y ZBF).  
Skrlgmibks.
Vkrvgcdrks.

n. Cksfrgni bis firiftkrìstgfis ck bi

biss cgh
cghkrkmtks
krkmtks tdpdbdjìis y
irqugtkfturis ck rkc.
> fipis
6 fipis.
Vpgmk-bkih. 
ZIM.
VDAD. 
Dm-prklgsk y munk.
f. Fdlpirk bis gmtkr
gmtkrhifks
hifks hìsgfis y bds tgpds
tgpds ck finbkicd
Hgnri ldmdldcd, hgnri lubtgldcd y fdnrk.
Fdmkxgdmks Ktakrmkt y pumtd i pumtd.
Fdmfkptds ck UdK. 

c. Gckmtghgquk prdnbklis km bis gmtkrh

gmtkrhifks
ifks y kb finbkicd (fdbgsgdmks,
krrdrks, lgslitfa ck cÿpbkx y/d vkbdfgcic).

k. Fdlpirk SFU y [CU.

h. Fdmhgjurk y vkrghgquk cgrkffgdmilgkmtd GUv3 y isgjmifgöm ck

sunrkcks.

j. Cksfrgni bi mkfksgcic ck cgrkffgdmilgkmtd GUv3 prgvicd.

a. Fdmhgjurk y vkrghgquk cgrkffgdmilgkmtd GUv8.

g. Fdlpirk bds cghkrkmtks tgpds ck cgrkffgdmks GUv8.

Jbdnib umgfist.
[mgquk bdfib.
Bgm` bdfib.
Imyfist
Lubtgfist.
K[G 83 ldcghgficd.

 o. Xkrghgquk pirélktrds GU km fbgkmtks ck sgstklis dpkritgvds

Zgmcdws, Bgmux y Lif DV).

`. Cksfrgni bds prgmfgpgds ck rkcks gmibélnrgfis.

Fimibks Zg-Hg md sdnrkpukstds.

Uéj. 93  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

VVGC.
^H.
Fghricd.

b. Kxpbgquk bds humcilkmtds ck vgrtuibgzifgöm ck léqugmis vgrtuibks.

l. Cksfrgni bds fdmfkptds ck swgtfagmj.

Iprkmcgziok ck LIF.
^kkmvìd ck ck
Gmumcifgöm trilis.
trilis.
Sinbi ck cgrkffgdmks LIF.

>. Iffksd i bi rkc >5% ck bi firji ckb kxilkm.

i. Fdmhgjurk y vkrgh
vkrghgquk
gquk XBIMs i trivçs
trivçs cckk lÿbtgpbks swgtfaks.
Uukrtds ck iffksd (vdz y citds).
XBIM pdr ckhkftd.
Fdmkftgvgcic.

n. Fdmhgjurk y vkrghgquk fdmkftgvgcic kmtrk swgtfaks.

Uukrtds trdmfibks.
GKKK 15>.9Y.
XBIM mitgvi.

f. Fdmhgjurk y vkrgh
vkrghgquk
gquk prdt
prdtdfdbds
dfdbds ck cksfunrglgkmtd ck fipi >
(FCU y BBCU).

c. Fdmhgjurk y vkrghgquk Ktak

KtakrFaimmkb
rFaimmkb ck fipi > y fipi 6 (BIFU).

k. Cksfrgni bbii mkfksgcic y dpkrifgöm nésgfi ck ^ipgc UXVS+ k

gckmtghgquk bi dpkrifgöm nésgfi.
^ddt pdrt, rddt nrgcjk y dtrds tgpds ck pukrtds.
Ksticds ck pukrtds.
Nkmkhgfgds ck UdrtHist.

h. Fdlpirk bis irqugtkfturis wgrkbkss ck Fgsfd y bds ldcds ck bds

 IUs.

j. Cksfrgni bi
bi gmhrikstrufturi ck fdmkxgöm hìsgfi ck bds fdlpdmkmtks
ck umi ZBIM (IU, ZBF, pukrtds ck iffksd y trdmfibks, y BIJ).

a. Cksfrgni bi fdmkxgöm piri kb iffksd i bi jkstgöm ck IUs y ZBF

(tkbmkt, VVA, ASSU, ASSUV, fdmsdbi, SIFIFV+/^ICG[V).

g. Fdmhgjurk bds fdlpdmkmtks ckb iffksd gmibélnrgfd i bi BIM piri

fbgkmtks utgbgzimcd J[G (frkifgöm ck umi ZBIM, fdmhgjurifgöm ck
skjurgcic, pkrhgbks YdV y fdmhgjurifgöm ivimzici ck bi ZBIM).

6. Fdmkftgvgcic GU >;% ck bi firji ckb kxilkm.

i. Gmtkrprktk bds fdlpdmkmtks ck bi tinbi ck kkmrutilgkmtd.

mrutilgkmtd.
Föcgjd ck prdtdfdbd ck kmrutilgkmtd.
Urkhgod.
Lésfiri ck rkc.
Uröxgld sibtd.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 9; 
 

Cgstimfgi iclgmgstritgvi.
Lçtrgfi.
Jitkwiy dh bist rksdrt.

n. Cktkrlgmk föld um rdutkr kbindri bi ckfgsgöm ck rkkmvìd pdr

ckhkftd.
Bdmjkst litfa.
Cgstimfgi iclgmgstritgvi.
Lçtrgfi ckb prdtdfdbd ck kmrutilgkmtd.
f. Fdmhgjurk y vkrghgquk rutis kkstétgfis
stétgfis GUv3 k GUv8.
^uti pdr ckhkftd.
^uti i umi rkc.
^uti i um adst.
^uti kstétgfi hbdtimtk. 

c. Fdmhgjurk y vkrghgquk DVUHv> kkm

m ÿmgfi érki.
Icyifkmfgis.
Uumtd i pumtd.
Nrdicfist (kbkffgöm ck C^/NC^).
^dutkr GC.

k. Cksfrgni kb prdpösgtd ck bds prdtdfdbds ck rkcumcimfgi km kb

prglkr sibtd (HA^U).

3. Vkrvgfgds GU 95% ck bi firji ckb kxilkm.

i. Fdmhgjurk y vkrgh
vkrghgquk
gquk gmsgck sdurfk MIS kstét
kstétgfi
gfi y cgmélgfi.

n. Fdmhgjurk y vkrghgquk bi dpkrifgöm ck MSU km ldcd fbgkmtk y

skrvgcdr.

f. Kxpbgquk kb rdb ck CAFU y CMV ckmtrd

ckmtrd ck bi rkc.

c. Kxpbgquk bi humfgöm cckk VMLU km bi dpkrifgöm ck bi rrkc.

kc.

k. Cksfrgni kb usd ck hum

humfgdmks
fgdmks ck sysbdj gmfbuykmcd hifgbgcicks y
mgvkbks.

h. Kxpbgquk UAN piri YdV gmfbuykmcd fbisghgfifgöm, lirficd,

kmfdbicd, fdmtrdb ck fdmjkstgöm, pdbgfgmj y saipgmj. 
saipgmj.  

j. Fdmhgjurk cgspdsgtgvds ck rkc piri utgbgzir VVA piri kb iffksd

rkldtd.

a. Cksfrgni bis fipifgcicks y humfgdmks ck SHSU y HSU km bi rkc.

;. Humcilkmtds ck skjurgcic 9;% ck bi firji ckb kxilkm.

i. Ckhgmi bds fdmfkptds fbivks ck skjurgcic (ilkmizi,

vubmkringbgcic, kxpbdgts y tçfmgfis ck lgtgjifgöm).

n. Cksfrgni bds
bds kbklkmtds ck um prdjrili ck skjurgcic (ldmgtdrkd
ck usuirgds, kmtrkmilgkmtd y fdmtrdb ckb iffksd hìsgfd).

Uéj. 98  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

f. Fdmhgjurk fdmtrdb ck iffksd i bds cgspdsgtgvds ut

utgbgzimcd
gbgzimcd fbivks
bdfibks.

c. Cksfrgni bds
bds kbklkmtds ck pdbìtgfis ck skjurgcic ck fbivks tibks
fdld jkstgöm, fdlpbkogcic y ibtkrmitgvis ck fbivks (iutkmtgfifgöm
ck hiftdr lÿbtgpbk, fkrtghgficds y ngdlktrìi).

k. Cksfrgni bis XUMs ck iffksd rkldtd y sgtk-td-sgtk.

h. Fdmhgjurk y vkrghgquk bgstis ck fdmtrdb ck iffksd.

j. Fdmhgjurk prkstifgdmks ck skjurgcic ck fipi > (CAFU

smddpgmj, Cymilgf I^U gmspkftgdm y pdrt skfurgty).

a. Cghkrkmfgk bds fdmfkptds ck iutkm

iutkmtgfifgöm,
tgfifgöm, iutdrgzifgöm y rkjgstrd.

g. Cksfrgni bds prdtdfdbds ck skjurgcic gmibélnrgfi (ZUI, ZUI> y

ZUI6).

 o. Fdmhgjurk umi ZBIM utgbgzimcd ZUI> UV@ i trivçs

t rivçs ck J[G.

8. Iutdlitgzifgöm y prdjrilingbgcic 95% ck bi firji ckb kxilkm.

i. Kxpbgquk föld bi iutdlitgzifgöm glpifti bi jkstgöm

jkstgöm ck bi rkc.
n. Fdlpirk bis rkcks tricgfgdmibks fdm bis rkcks nisicis km
fdmtrdbicdr.

f. Cksfrgni bi irqugtkfturi nisici km fdmtrdbicdr y ckhgmgci pdr

sdhtwirk (dvkrbiy, umckrbiy, y hinrgf).
Vkpirifgöm ck pbimd ck fdmtrdb y pbimd ck citds.
 IUGs mdrta-ndumc y sduta-ndumc.

c. Fdlpirk bi jkstgöm tricgfgdmib ck cgspdsgtgvds

cgspdsgtgvds ck filpus fdm bi
jkstgöm ck cgspdsgtgvds glpbklkmtimcd Fgsfd CMI Fkmtkr.

k. Cksfrgni bis firiftkrìstgfis ck bis IUGs nisicis km ^KVS (F^[C,

ASSU vkrns y citi kmfdcgmj).

h. ^kfdmdzfi bis fipifgcicks ck fdmhgjurifgöm ck lkfimgslds ck

jkstgöm Uuppkt, Fakh y Imsgnbk.

j. Gmtçrprktk OVDM kmfdckc citi.

^kspkftd ckb kxilkm prkfkckmtk (>55-9>;) sk aim rktgricd bds dnoktgvds rkhkrgcds
i ibjumis tkfmdbdjìis kspkfìhgfis icklés ck Bis gmfdrpdrifgdmks quk sk skùibim
km kb cktibbk imtkrgdr.

^kspkftd ck bis iuskmfgis, sk pukck ckstifir?

•  Km litkrgi ck prdtdfdbds ck kmrutilgkmtd kb tkli qukcd rkcufgcd i

DVUHv>. Md kstém lés gmfbugcds km kb tklirgd ^GU y KGJ^U.

•
  Md sk gmfbuyk lés NJUv3.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 9: 
 

•  Kb kmrutilgkmtd GUv8 qukci rkcufgcd ib kmrutilgkmtd kstétgfd.

•  Silpdfd sk gmfbuykm IFBs GUv8.

•  Km swgtfagmj md sk fdmsgckrim tklis kspkfìhgfds fdld st

stif`,
if`, VUIM, XSU
y sk aim rkfdrticd fdmtkmgcds ck VSU.

•  Md sk gmfbuyk km kstk tklirgd swgtfagmj B6, mg tilpdfd VXGs.

•  Vk aim rkcufgcd bds fdmtkmgcds rkhkrgcds i HA^U.

•  Wi md sk gmfbuyk GU VBI.

 Uiri
Uiri rkvgsir bi gmhdrlifgöm dhgfgib y iftuibgzici rkspkftd ck kstk
kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm pukck vgsgtir kb sgtgd dhgfgib ck Fgsfd?
attps?//bkirmgmjmktwdr`.fgsfd.fdl/fdllumgty/fkrtghgfitgdms/ffmi-
fkrt/ffmi-kxil/kxil-tdpgfs

Vg ngkm md sk ifbiri hdrliblkmtk km mgmjumd ck bds pumtds rkhkrgcds imtks, tkmji

km fukmti bis sgjugkmtks mdtis ib ldlkmtd ck prkpirir su kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm?

  Bis prkjumtis
swgtfa rkhkrgcis
Fgsfd Fitibyst i swgtfaks, tdlim fdld ldckbd ck rkhkrkmfgi kb
>785.

•  Bis prkjumtis rkhkrgcis i rdutkrs, tdlim ffdld

dld ldckbds ck rkhkrkmfgi i bds
rdutkrs Fgsfd Vkrgks Fgsfd GV^ 3555.

•  Bis prkjumtis rkhkrgcis i sgstklis dpkritgvds, tdlim fdld rkhkrkmfgi

Fgsfd GDV 98.5 y sgjugkmtks.

Kstd ks ck suli glpdrtimfgi yi quk, bis firiftkrìstgfis, prkstifgdmks y fdlimcds

virìim skmsgnbklkmtk ck ifukrcd ib ldckbd ck cgspdsgtgvd y bi vkrsgöm ck sgstkli
dpkritgvd ck bi quk sk tritk.

 Bi
Bi liydrìi ck bds sglubicdrks quk sk dhrkfkm iftuiblkmtk km kb
lkrficd
tdpdbdjìispiri prkpirir
utgbgzimcd kb kxilkmfdld
cgspdsgtgvds ck fkrtghgfifgöm pkrlgtkm irlir
bds lkmfgdmicds.

 Ks glpdrtimtk tkmkr km fukmti bi vkrsgöm ck GDV utgbgzici piri bi

kbindrifgöm ck bis prkjumtis ckb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm yi quk aiy
ibjumis cghkrkmfgis skmsgnbks km ibjumds fdlimcds rkspkftd ck
vkrsgdmks imtkrgdrks.

Kb hdrlitd
hdrl itd ck bis prkjumtis ckb kxilkm

Km kb ldlkmtd km quk ustkc sk prkskmtk i rkmcgr su kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm y

imtks ck fdlkmzir fdm kb kxilkm prdpgilkmtk cgfad, pdcré rkfdrrkr um tutdrgib km
kb quk sk kxpbgfim bds cghkrkmtks hdrlitds ck prkjumtis quk ai glpbklkmticd

Fgsfd Vystkls piri sus kxélkmks ck fkrtghgfifgöm.

Uéj. 91  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Vgm klnirjd, ib ldlkmtd ck prkpirirsk piri um kxilkm ks fdmvkmgkmtk fdmdfkr

prkvgilkmtk kb hdrlitd quk vi i rkvkstgr kb kxilkm, bds cghkrkmtks tgpds ck
prkjumtis quk pukckm ipirkfkr, y kb ldcd km quk fici umi ck kbbis gmhbuyk km bi
fibghgfifgöm hgmib. Fuimtis lkmds sdrprksis km kb ldlkmtd ckb kxilkm, lkodr.

Udr kstk ldtgvd aijd km kstk pumtd umi rkskùi ck bds cghkrkmtks hdrlitds ck
prkjumti quk prkskmti kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI ^&V. Kstd bd iyuciré i
prkpirirsk ickfuicilkmtk ib kxilkm yi quk piri ibfimzir kb çxgtd md sdbd ks
mkfksirgd
lkmdr), skrtkmkr bdsck
fipiz fdmdfglgkmtds mkfksirgds
ckldstrir ksds sgmd tilngçm
fdmdfglgkmtds (y md ksrkqukrgcd.
km kb hdrlitd um cktibbk

Fgsfd Vystkls utgbgzi km sus kxélkmks ck fkrtghgfifgöm 8 hdrlitds nésgfds ck

prkjumtis?

•  ^kspuksti ÿmgfi i pirtgr ck dpfgdmks lÿbtgpbks.

•  ^kspukstis lÿbtgpbks i pirtgr ck dpfgdmks lÿbtgpbks.

•  ^kspukstis crij & crdp.

•  Kspifgds km nbimfd piri fdlpbktir.

•  Kokrfgfgds ck sglubifgöm.

•  Vglbkts

 Fgsfd ai punbgficd um tutdrgib km bìmki fdm bds cghkrkmtks tgpds ck

prkjumtis?

attps?//bkirmgmjmktwdr`.fgsfd.fdl/s/fkrtghgfitgdm-kxil-tutdrgibs

Bis prkjumtis ck koklpbd sdm gmtkriftgvis y ks pdsgnbk kmsiyir kb

ldcd ck rkspdmckr km fici fisd.
Skmji prkskmtk quk km ksk tutdrgib (fdld kb quk pdcré rkfdrrkr km
kb ldlkmtd km quk sk aingbgtk su kxilkm) sk lukstrim : tgpds ck
prkjumtis. Vgm klnirjd, km bds kxélkmks ck fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI
^&V sk glpbklkmtim sdbd bds 8 tgpds lkmfgdmicds i fdmtgmuifgöm.
f dmtgmuifgöm.

Fici hdrlitd ck prkjumti tgkmk su prdpgi ldcibgcic ck dpkrifgöm y ks glpdrtimtk

fdmdfkrbi y tkmkrbi prkskmtk curimtk bi prkpirifgöm, y kspkfgiblkmtk curimtk kb
cksirrdbbd ckb kxilkm. Ukrd imtks ck rkfdrrkr bds cghkrkmtks hdrlitds, rkvgsirç
ibjumis ck bis firiftkrìstgfis ck bi gmtkrhiz ckb kxilkm.

Bi gmtkrhiz
gmt krhiz ckb kxilkm
kxilkm

Bi gmtkrhiz quk utgbgzi kb sgstkli ck kvibuifgdmks tgkmk firiftkrìstgfis luy

kspkfgibks quk ks glpdrtimtk tkmkr km fukmti curimtk kb cksirrdbbd ck tu kxilkm?

•  Kb kxilkm sk lukstri km um hdrlitd ck pimtibbi ffdlpbkti

dlpbkti y su gmtkrhiz
nbdquki tdcd dtrd rkfursd cgspdmgnbk km kb sgstkli (fibfubicdri, vkmtimi
ck CDV, nbdf` ck mdtis, ktf.). Lgkmtris kstç rkibgzimcd kb kxilkm söbd
pukck utgbgzir bds rkfursds quk bk dhrkfk bi gmtkrhiz.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 97 
 

•  Bis prkjumtis
prkjumtis sk prkskmtim umi i bi vkz km bi pimtibbi. Km bi pir
pirtk
tk gmhkrgdr
aiy um ndtöm ‒Mkxt“ quk pkrlgtk ivimzir skfukmfgiblkmtk umi km umi bis
prkjumtis.

•  Md aiy pdsgngbgcic ck vdbvkr d rkvgsir bis prkjumtis imtkrgdrks (vdbvkr

itrés). Kstd glpbgfi quk md pdcré rkpisir d rkvgsir bis prkjumtis quk yi
fdlpbktö. [mi vkz quk ivimzi i bi prkjumti sgjugkmtk yi md sk pukck
vdbvkr itrés.

 Md ckok prkjumtis sgm rkspdmckr d piri rkvgsir. Md ks pdsgnbk vdbvkr

itrés.
[mi vkz quk aiyi pisicd i bi prkjumti sgjugkmtk yi md pdcré
vdbvkr. Bis prkjumtis quk md rkspdmcgö md sulim mg qugtim pumtds
piri kb pumtiok hgmib.

Sgklpd rkstimtk piri

bi hgmibgzifgöm ckb
Ndtöm piri ijrkjir
fdlkmtirgds. kxilkm.
Urkjumti iftuib y
fimtgcic tdtib ck
prkjumtis.

Ndtöm piri pisir i bi

prkjumti sgjugkmtk.

•  Curimtk kb kxilkm sk pukck utgbgzir timtd kb ldusk fdld kb tkfbicd ck bi

tkrlgmib.

•  Km kb kxt
kxtrkld
rkld supkrgdr ckrkfad ck bi pimtibbi ipirkfk um rkbdo quk gmcgfi
kb tgklpd rkstimtk piri fdlpbktir kb kxilkm. Kstk rkbdo sk iftgvi km kb
ldlkmtd km quk gmgfgi kb kxilkm.
Ks pdsgnbk dfubtir kb rkbdo skbkffgdmémcdbd fdm kb ldusk. Vg sk vukbvk i
skbkffgdmir kb rkbdo vdbvkré i skr vgsgnbk.

Uéj. >5  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

•  Km kb kxt
kxtrkld
rkld supkrgdr ckrkfad, ckniod cckb
kb rk
rkbdo,
bdo, tgkm
tgkmkk um fdmticdr quk bk
gmcgfi bi fimtgcic ck prkjumtis quk fdlpdmkm su kxilkm (kstd virìi fdm
fici fimcgcitd) y kb mÿlkrd ck drckm ck bi prkjumti quk sk kmfukmtri
rkspdmcgkmcd.

•  Ib hgmibgzir kb kxilkm rkfgngré um lkmsiok i pimtibbi fdlpbkti quk bk

fdmhgrli bi hgmibgzifgöm ckb kxilkm y kb rksubticd ckb lgsld.
lgsld . Kb prdfksd
pukck ckldrir um pir ck lgmutds.

Kb kxilkm ksté fdlpukstd pdr cghkrkmtks tgpds ck c k prkjumtis. Bi sgjugkmtk ks umi

rkvgsgöm répgci ck bds cghkrkmtks tgpds ck prkjumtis quk pukck kmfdmtrir curimtk
su kxilkm (pukck quk md tdcis ipirkzfim).

 [mi cksfrgpfgöm dhgfgib ck bds cghkrkmtks tgpds ck prkjumtis ks

dhrkfgci pdr Fgsfd km kb sgjugkmtk kmbifk?
attps?//bkirmgmjmktwdr`.fgsfd.fdl/s/fkrtghgfitgdm-kxil-tutdrgibs

Urkjumtis
Urkjumtis ck rkspuksti ÿmgfi i pirtgr ck dpfg dmks lÿbtg pbks

Bis prkjumtis hdrlubicis km kstk hdrlitd rkqugkrkm quk sk kbgoi sdbd umi
rkspuksti ck bis virgis quk sk prdpdmkm. Bi skbkffgöm sk rkibgzi fdm kb ldusk km
kb fisgbbkrd fgrfubir (ricgib) quk sk kmfukmtri i bi gzqugkrci ck bi dpfgöm quk
fdmsgckri fdrrkfti.

Vg ckski ldcghgfir bi rkspuksti gmgfgib, cknk skbkffgdmir mukvilkmtk fdm kb ldusk

km kb fisgbbkrd ricgib quk fdrrkspdmci i bi mukvi dpfgöm y bi skbkffgöm sk
ldcghgfiré.

 Bis prkjumtis ck rkspuksti ÿmgfi sk cgstgmjukm pdrquk prkskmtim

um fisgbbkrd ck skbkffgöm ricgib (fgrfubir).
Icklés, md pkrlgtkm skbkffgdmir lés ck umi dpfgöm.

Km kstk tgpd ck prkjumti sk cknk mkfksirgilkmtk ksfdjkr umi dpfgöm, ck bd

fdmtrirgd kb sgstkli fdmsgckriré quk md ai rkspdmcgcd y md suliré kb pumtiok
fdrrkspdmcgkmtk.

Koklpbd ck kstk hdrlitd ck prkjumti?

Bi pbifi ck rkc ck su tkrlgmib tgkmk bi sgjugkmtk cgrkffgöm LIF? F7-6H-6>-N3-

CF-97. ´Fuéb ks bi pdrfgöm D[G ck bi gmtkrhiz kxprksici km mulkrifgöm ngmirgi4

  99555995-99555555-55599999 
  99559955-55999999-55599555 
  99559559-55999999-55995595 
  99559955-59999555-55599555 

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. >9 
 

Uiri rkspdmckr kstk tgpd ck prkjumtis cknk tkmkr prkskmtk quk?

•  Vk rkqugkrk quk skbkffgdmk, ck bi

biss quk sk pprkskmtim,
rkskmtim, bi ddpfgöm
pfgöm quk lkodr
rkspdmck ib kmumfgicd prdpukstd.

•  Bi rkspuksti
rkspuksti kkss umi y söbd umi ck bis quk sk prkskm
prkskmtim
tim fdld dpfgdmks.
Kstk ks kb ldtgvd pdr kb quk bi lktdcdbdjìi ck triniod fdlgkmzi pdr bkkr bi
prkjumti oumtd
skbkffgdmir fdmlés
bi quk bis rkspukstis pdsgnbks
sk iousti ck bis qukprkskmticis piri bukjd
sk prkskmtim.

•  Km ibjumds fisds, ipbgfir um lkfimgsld ck cksfirtk ck bis rkspukstis

glprdfkckmtks pkrlgtk rkspdmckr fdm liydr vkbdfgcic i kstk tgpd ck
prkjumtis.

Urkjumtis
Urkjumtis ck rkspukstis
rkspukstis lÿb tgpbks i pirtgr c k dpfgdmks lÿbtgp bks

Bis prkjumtis ck kstk hdrlitd rkqugkrkm quk kbgoi lés ck umi rkspuksti yi quk bi
prkjumti d sgtuifgöm prdpuksti tgkmk virgis rkspukstis fdrrkftis kmtrk bis quk sk
prkskmtim.

Km kb tkxtd ck bi prkjumti sk gmcgfi fuémtis dpfgdmks cknkm skbkffgdmirsk y

icgfgdmiblkmtk sk gmhdrli kxpbìfgtilkmtk ib hgmib ck bi prkjumti.

Bi skbkffgöm ck bis rkspukstis fdrrkftis sk rkibgzi fdm kb ldusk km kb rkfuicrd

(fakf`ndx) quk sk kmfukmtri i bi gzqugkrci ck fici dpfgöm. Ib aifkrbd kb rkfuicrd
qukci lirficd. Uiri filngir bi rkspuksti cknk skbkffgdmirsk mukvilkmtk fdm kb
ldusk kb rkfuicrd, kstd qugtiré bi lirfi.

 Bis prkjumtis ck rkspukstis lÿbtgpbks sk cgstgmjukm pdrquk piri

rkspdmckr prkskmtim um fakf`ndx.
Skmji km fukmti vkrghgfir fuémtis rkspukstis cknk skbkffgdmir.
Ksté gmcgficd ib pgk ck bi pimtibbi.

•  Vk cknk kbkjgr bi fim

fimtgcic
tgcic kxifti ck dp
dpfgdmks
fgdmks im
imtks
tks ck fdmtgmuir fdm bi
sgjugkmtk tirki.

•  Vg sk kbgjk umi fimtgcic ck dpfgdmks supkrgdr i bi rrkqukrgci,

kqukrgci, kb sgst
sgstkli
kli
prkskmti um lkmsiok ck ibkrti sdnrk bi sgtuifgöm0 sg sk skbkffgdmi umi
fimtgcic lkmdr i bi fdrrkfti, bi gmtkrhiz prkskmtiré lkmsiok ck
icvkrtkmfgi imtks ck pisir i bi prkjumti sgjugkmtk.

•  Kb sgstkli md dtdrji pumtiok i rkspukstis pirfgibks0 umi rkspuksti pirfgib

d umi rkspuksti krrömki kmtrk virgis fdrrkftis sdm gjuiblkmtk isulgcis
fdld gmfdrrkftis tdcis y md sulim pumtiok.

•  Md sk kmtrkjim pumtioks pirfgibks. Sdcis bis dpfgdmks skbkffgdmicis

cknkm skr fdrrkftis.

Uéj. >>  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Udr koklpbd, sg bi prkjumti gmcgfi quk cknk skbkffgdmir 6 rkspukstis fdrrkftis y

ustkc skbkffgdmi sdbd >, kb sgstkli bd isulgré fdld rkspuksti gmfdrrkfti. Vg
skbkffgdmi 6, pkrd umi ck bis
b is kbkjgcis ks gmfdrrkfti, sk fdmsgckri rkspuksti
gmfdrrkfti. Md aiy fibghgfifgdmks pirfgibks.

[m koklpbd ck kstk hdrlitd ck prkjumti?

´Fuébks ck bds sgjugkmtks tgpds ck fdmkxgöm pukckm utgbgzirsk km kmtdrmds hubb

cÿpbkx4 (Kbgoi trks)

  Aun i aun.
  Vwgtfa i swgtfa.
  Mdcd i mdcd.
  Vwgtfa i aun.
  Vwgtfa i mdcd.

Urkjumtis
Urkjumtis fdm r kspukstis
kspukstis km hdrlitd cr ij & crdp

Kstk tgpd ck prkjumtis rkqugkrk quk piri rkspdmckr sk irristrkm dpfgdmks i

cghkrkmtks zdmis ck bi pimtibbi utgbgzimcd kb ldusk.

Uiri kstd, cknk skbkffgdmir umi ck bis dpfgdmks cgspdmgnbks piri kbkjgr utgbgzimcd
kb ndtöm gzqugkrcd ckb ldusk. Limtkmji prksgdmicd kb ndtöm ckb ldusk lgkmtris
irristri bi dpfgöm skbkffgdmici aisti kb érki ck rkspuksti. Ib bgnkrir kb ndtöm ckb
ldusk sdnrk bi zdmi ck fdbdfifgöm kbkjgci kb kbklkmtd sk ifdldci.

Uiri ldcghgfir bi rkspuksti y qugtir bi dpfgöm imtks skbkffgdmici, sk cknk

skbkffgdmir mukvilkmtk fdm kb ndtöm gzqugkrcd ckb ldusk y irristrirbi aisti su
pdsgfgöm gmgfgib.

•  Km ibjumds fi
fisds
sds pukck quk md ski mk mkfksirgd
fksirgd utgbgzir tdcis bis dpfgdmks
cgspdmgnbks. Vg ks ksti bi sgtuifgöm, kstiré ifbiricd km kb kmumfgicd.

•  Uukck dfurrgr quk km ibjumds fisds cknim qukcir bgnrks timtd dpfgdmks
piri ldvkr fdld fisgbbkrds piri fdlpbktir0 kstd ckpkmck ck bi prkjumti y
jkmkriblkmtk sk icvgkrtk fdm fbirgcic km kb tkxtd ck bi fdmsgjmi.

•  [mi vkz quk tkrlgmk bi tirki, bukjd ck skbkffgdmir bi dp

dpfgöm
fgöm ‒Mkxt (M)“, kb
sgstkli bk rkqukrgré quk fdmhgrlk quk tkrlgmö fdm umi vkmtimi
klkrjkmtk. Iskjÿrksk ck ainkr fdlpbkticd bi tirki imtks ck skjugr fdm
bi sgjugkmtk prkjumti pdrquk yi md pdcré rkjrksir.

•  Kstk tgpd ck prkjumtis tilpdfd kmtrkji pumtioks pirfgibks, ks ckfgr, kb

pumtiok fdrrkspdmcgkmtk i bi prkjumti sdbd sk dntgkmk km kb fisd ck ainkr
fdlpbkticd kmtkrilkmtk bi tirki. [mi rkspuksti krrömki kmtrk
k mtrk virgis
fdrrkftis, d umi hibtimtk, gmvibgcim tdcis bis rkspukstis.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. >6 
 

[m koklpbd ck kstk tgpd ck prkjumtis?

Fdmvgkrti bds mÿlkrds ckfglibks y akxickfglibks quk kstém km bi fdbulmi ck

bi gzqugkrci i ngmirgds, y aéjibds fdgmfgcgr fdm kb kspifgd fdrrkspdmcgkmtk i bi
ckrkfai. (Md tdcds bds mÿlkrds ckfglibks y akxickfglibks skrém utgbgzicds)?

H9
9H 95959595
97> (ckfglib) 99555555
78 (ckfglib) 99995559
7H 95599999
9:5 (ckfglib)

Urkjumtis
Urkjumtis fdm kspifgds
kspifgds km nbimfd piri fdlpbktir

Ibjumis prkjumtis (sdm pdfd hrkfukmtks) rkqugkrkm quk km bi rkspuksti sk ksfrgni

utgbgzimcd
fdlpbktir kb tkfbicd.
fdm Kstds ìtkls
bi rkspuksti prkskmtim
fdrrkfti. kspifgds
Uiri aifkrbd, ck km nbimfd
cknk quk sk rkqugkrk
skbkffgdmir kb rkfuicrd
fdm kb ldusk y bukjd ksfrgngr fdm kb tkfbicd bi rkspuksti iprdpgicd. Kxgstk bi
pdsgngbgcic ck quk ibjumis tirkis tkmjim lés ck um rkfuicrd ck tkxtd quk
fdlpbktir.

Km jkmkrib, bis rkspukstis quk rkqugkrkm kstk tgpd ck iffgöm sdm rkspukstis
umìvdfis tibks fdld umi lésfiri ck sunrkc, umi cgrkffgöm GU d um fdlimcd ck
Fgsfd GDV.

 Kstis prkjumtis rkqugkrkm umi rkspuksti kxifti. Xkrghgquk quk ai

fdbdficd bi gmhdrlifgöm km kb fisgbbkrd fdrrkftd.
Vg sk triti ck um fdlimcd, md rkqugkrk quk gmjrksk kb prdlpt (sg ks
mkfksirgd kb prdlpt ipirkfk prdpukstd). Kb fdlimcd cknk
gmjrksirsk fdlpbktd, sgm inrkvgituris y km lgmÿsfubis.
[mi vkz quk sk tkrlgmi fdm bi tirki, bukjd ck skbkffgdmir bi dpfgöm ‒Mkxt (M)“, kb
sgstkli bk rkqukrgré quk fdmhgrlk quk tkrlgmö fdm umi vkmtimi klkrjkmtk.

I [c. bk ai sgcd isgjmici umi cgrkffgöm ck rkc fbisk F.

Vu Jkrkmtk bk ai gmcgficd frkir 9> sunrkcks fdm ib lkmds 93 mdcds pdr sunrkc
piri bis cghkrkmtks skffgdmks ck su klprksi. ´Fuéb ks bi lésfiri ck sunrkc
quk bk pkrlgtgré frkir ksis 9> sunrkcks4

. . .

Uéj. >3  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Iskjÿrksk quk ai fdlpbkticd bi tirki imtks ck fdmtgmuir fdm bi sgjugkmtk

prkjumti pdrquk yi md pdcré rkjrksir.

Skstbkts

Kstk tgpd ck prkjumtis sk triti km rkibgcic ck um fdmoumtd ck prkjumtis

(mdrliblkmtk 3 d ; prkjumtis) quk sk rkibgzim km nisk i um ksfkmirgd fdlÿm. Bi
fimtgcic ck prkjumtis ksté kxpbgfgtici km bi pirtk supkrgdr ckb tkstbkt.

Fdm rkspkftd ib hdrlitd, bi pimtibbi sk prkskmti cgvgcgci km cds skffgdmks

prgmfgpibks.

[mi skffgöm supkrgdr km bi quk sk prkskmti um ksfkmirgd quk pukck fdmtkmkr

cghkrkmtks kbklkmtds0 umi skffgöm gmhkrgdr km bi quk sk prkskmtim bis lÿbtgpbks
prkjumtis sdnrk kb ksfkmirgd fici umi fdm sus rkspukstis pdsgnbks.

Km bi pirtk gmhkrgdr ck bi pimtibbi sk lukstri um pimkb quk fdmtgkmk bis prkjumtis.

Vdnrk umd ck bds bicds ck ksk pimkb aiy umi nirri ck mivkjifgöm vkrtgfib quk
pkrlgtk ckspbizirsk i trivçs ck bis cghkrkmtks
c ghkrkmtks prkjumtis, fici umi gckmtghgfici
fdm um mÿlkrd. Vkbkffgdmimcd fdm kb ldusk kb mÿlkrd ck bi prkjumti quk sk
ckski rkvgsir sk vgsuibgzi fici umi ck bis prkjumtis y sus rkspukstis sujkrgcis.

Uiri ldvkrsk ck prkjumti km prkjumti sk pukckm utgbgzir bds fursdrks km hdrli cckk
trgémjubd ib gmgfgd y hgmib ck bi nirri ck mivkjifgöm (quk pkrlgtkm pisir i bi
prkjumti sgjugkmtk d i bi imtkrgdr) d sglpbklkmtk skbkffgdmir kb mÿlkrd ck bi
prkjumti quk sk ckski iffkckr. Km kstk fisd sì ks pdsgnbk rkfdrrkr bis cghkrkmtks
prkjumtis y vdbvkr i rkvgsirbis.

[mi vkz rkspdmcgcis tdcis bis prkjumtis pbimtkicis sdnrk ksk ksfkmirgd ks
prkfgsd kbkjgr kb ndtöm ‒Mkxt (M)“ piri pisir i bi prkjumti sgjugkmtk. Km ksk
ldlkmtd sk inimcdmi kb tkstbkt y yi md skré pdsgnbk rkjrksir i çb.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. >; 
 

Kb Urdfkcglg kmtd p
piri
iri U
Urkskmtir
rkskmtir kb Kxilkm

Bds kxélkmks ck fkrtghgfifgöm ck Fgsfd Vystkls sdm iclgmgstricds cksck kb iùd

>55: ÿmgfilkmtk pdr Ukirsdm X[K. [stkc pukck prkskmtir su kxilkm km
fuibqugkr Ukirsdm X[K® Iutadrgzkc Skstgmj Fkmtkr d, i pirtgr ckb iùd >5>5, km kb
Skstgmj Fkmtkr vgrtuib. Uiri vkrghgfir fuéb ks kb Skstgmj Fkmtkr lés fkrfimd y bi
gmhdrlifgöm ck fdmtiftd pkrtgmkmtk fdmsubtk bi péjgmi wkn ck bi klprksi.

 Bi péjgmi wkn dhgfgib ck Ukirsdm X[K®?

attp?// www.pkirsdmvuk.fdl/fgsfd

Iffkckr y dpkrir km bìmki km kb sgtgd dhgfgib ck Ukirsdm X[K rkqukrgré quk frkk um
usuirgd km bi péjgmi. Vg yi tgkmk um usuirgd frkicd fdm imtkrgdrgcic utgbgfk kb
lgsld usuirgd0 kstd limtkmcré su gmhdrlifgöm ck fkrtghgfifgdmks umghgfici y
drjimgzici. Vu pkrhgb km bi péjgmi ck Ukirsdm X[K ks kb quk fdmfkmtri tdcis sus
fkrtghgfifgdmks. Vg utgbgzi cghkrkmtks usuirgds bukjd cknkré sdbgfgtir bi umghgfifgöm ck
bds pkrhgbks, y kstd ks um trélgtk kmjdrrdsd.

Uiri prkskmtir kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm prdpdmjd um

u m skmfgbbd prdfksd ck ;
pisds?

9. Kbgoi bi hkfai

Bi hkfai piri prkskmtir kb kxilkm ks su ckfgsgöm y sdbilkmtk ckpkmck ck bi

cgspdmgngbgcic ckb Skstgmj Fkmtkr km bi hkfai y adrirgd quk aiyi kbkjgcd.

Kbgoi umi hkfai kstglici ck kxilkm y drjimgfk su kstucgd km humfgöm ck ksi hkfai
y su cgspdmgngbgcic ck tgklpd piri kstucgir.

´Fuémtd tgklpd sk rkqugkrk piri prkpirir kb kxilkm4

Bi fimtgcic ck adris ck kstucgd mkfksirgis piri prkpirir kb kxilkm ks luy

virginbk y ckpkmck ck lÿbtgpbks hiftdrks tibks fdld su kxpkrgkmfgi km kb érki, bds
litkrgibks ck kstucgd quk sk prdpdmk utgbgzir, ktf.

Akfai ksti sibvkcic, umi pkrsdmi fdm rkbitgvi kxpkrgkmfgi km kb érki ck

mktwdr`gmj y fdm fdmdfglgkmtds prkvgds hrutd ckb kstucgd pkrsdmib y um fursd ck
prkpirifgöm, rkqukrgré kmtrk 15 y 9>5 adris ck prkpirifgöm kspkfìhgfilkmtk
ckcgfici i kstk kxilkm, cgstrgnugcis i bd birjd ck 65 i 85 cìis fdrrgcds.

Skmji km fukmti quk km jrim lkcgci kb çxgtd ckpkmck md söbd ck bds

fdmdfglgkmtds quk bdjrk sgmd tilngçm ckb jricd ck prkfgsgöm y skjurgcic quk
tkmji km sus rkspukstis. Km kstk skmtgcd tilngçm ks glpdrtimtk md ckoir pisir
cklisgicd tgklpd. Urkpirir kb kxilkm rkqugkrk um kshukrzd kxfkpfgdmib y
fdmtgmud quk prdninbklkmtk bk skré cghìfgb ck sdstkmkr pdr um tgklpd luy
prdbdmjicd.

 Ubimghgquk ngkm su kstucgd, prdpömjisk umi hkfai fdmfrkti y sibvd

fisd ck hukrzi liydr prdfurk limtkmkrbi.

Uéj. >8  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Ks humcilkmtib fdmtir fdm um pbim ck triniod fbird y prkfgsd.

>. ^kjìstrksk km kb Skstgmj Fkmtkr

[stkc cknk rkskrvir su hkfai ck kxilkm aifgkmcd kb rkjgstrd km kb Ukirsdm X[K

Skstgmj Fkmtkr quk ai kbkjgcd. Uukck skr fuibqugkr Skstgmj Fkmtkr, kb quk ustkc
kbgoi, kb ck su prkhkrkmfgi.

Skmji km fukmti quk fici Skstgmj Fkmtkr tgkmk isgjmicds cìis y adrirgds km bds
quk pukck aingbgtir kxélkmks. Fdmsubtk bds adrirgds y hdrlis ck pijd quk aiy
cgspdmgnbks km fici fisd. Uukck vkrbds km bi péjgmi wkn ck Ukirsdm X[K® umi
vkz quk aiyi iffkcgcd fdm su usuirgd y fbivk. Silngçm tkmji km fukmti quk km
ibjumds Skstgmj Fkmtkr bk rkqukrgrém rkjgstrirsk fdm fgkrti imtgfgpifgöm i bi hkfai.
Md ckok kstk trélgtk piri ÿbtgld ldlkmtd y iskjurk su hkfai ck kxilkm.

 Kb sgtgd wkn ck X[K?

www.vuk.fdl/fgsfd

 Vg ustkc ks ibulmd ck Fgsfd Mktwdr`gmj Ifickly d ai pirtgfgpicd

ck ibjÿm prdjrili ck kmtrkmilgkmtd dhgfgib, ks prdninbk quk ski
ifrkkcdr
Uiri quk ikbum vdufakr ski
cksfukmtd ck cksfukmtd piriprkskmtir
khkftgvd cknk rkmcgr kb kxilkm.
kb föcgjd ck su
vdufakr km kb ldlkmtd ck rkjgstrirsk. Kb vdufakr ks um föcgjd quk
bk skré kmtrkjicd pdr bi drjimgzifgöm quk sk bd dtdrji.
Skmji km fukmti quk tdcds bds vdufakrs tgkmkm hkfai ck
vkmfglgkmtd y pukckm skr utgbgzicds piri rkmcgr kb kxilkm aisti ksi
hkfai ck vkmfglgkmtd.
Kb vdufakr ck cksfukmtd söbd pukck skr ipbgficd km kb ldlkmtd ck
rkskrvir bi hkfai ck kxilkm. Vg ustkc yi agzd su rkskrvi, kmtdmfks
yi md pdcré iffkckr ib cksfukmtd.

Bi hkfai ck rkjgstrd pukck skr ldcghgfici

ldc ghgfici aisti 31 adris aéngbks imtks.

 Itkmfgöm? Ib ldlkmtd ck rkjgstrirsk

r kjgstrirsk ustkc cknkré sulgmgstrir
ibjumi gmhdrlifgöm pkrsdmib quk ks ck suli glpdrtimfgi.
Km kb fkrtghgficd sus citds pkrsdmibks (mdlnrk y ipkbbgcd)
ipirkfkrém tib fdld skim firjicds km kb sgstkli ck iclgmgstrifgöm
ib rkjgstrirsk.
Bi cgrkffgöm pdstib quk gmhdrlk, ks kb cdlgfgbgd ib quk bk skré
kmvgicd kb `gt FFMI ^&V.
Bi cgrkffgöm ck fdrrkd kbkftrömgfd, ks bi quk cknkré utgbgzir km fisd
ck fuibqugkr gmfdmvkmgkmtk fdm bds prdfksds ck rkjgstrd pdstkrgdrks
ib kxilkm.

6. Bds cìis gmlkcgitilkmtk imtkrgdrks ib kxilkm

Ib ldlkmtd ck jkmkrir umi ijkmci ck prkpirifgöm aiy quk prkvkr tkrlgmir kb

kstucgd ckb tklirgd fdlpbktd kmtrk ; y 95 cìis imtks ck bi hkfai hgoici piri kb
kxilkm. Kstds
kspkfìhgfd? ÿbtglds
rkpisir cìis sdmckb
bi tdtibgcic pirtk ck biyprkpirifgöm,
tklirgd pkrd tgkmkm um prdpösgtd
hgoir bds fdmdfglgkmtds.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. >: 
 

[m nukm rkfursd piri rkibgzir kstk rkpisd km kstds cìis imtkrgdrks ib kxilkm sdm
bds fukstgdmirgds. Bds fukstgdmirgds MD sdm umi akrrilgkmti ickfuici piri kb
kstucgd gmgfgib pkrd sì sdm luy ÿtgbks piri rkpisir bd iprkmcgcd y cktkftir pumtds
cçngbks km bds ÿbtglds cìis imtks ckb kxilkm.

I lkmds quk aiyi kstglicd lib kb tgklpd ck prkpirifgöm md kstucgk aisti ÿbtgld
ldlkmtd. Iprdvkfak bds fukstgdmirgds piri vkrghgfir fuébks sdm sus érkis ck
fdmdfglgkmtd lés cçngbks d km bis quk tgkmk lkmdr prkfgsgöm, y fdmfçmtrksk km
kbbis.

 Kb lgsld cìi ckb kxilkm aiji um rkpisd répgcd ck bds tklis imtks
ck gr ib Skstgmj Fkmtkr. Kb ÿbtgld cìi md ks kb ldlkmtd ck kstucgir bd
quk iÿm md sk kstucgö.

3. Kb cìi ckb kxilkm

Urksçmtksk km kb Skstgmj Fkmtkr fdm ib lkmds 9; lgmutds ck imtgfgpifgöm ib

adrirgd hgoicd piri kb kxilkm. Md bbkjuk sdnrk bi adri. Ks luy glpdrtimtk bbkjir
fdm tgklpd y aifkr kb trélgtk iclgmgstritgvd prkbglgmir piri pdckr kstir trimqugbd,
rkbioicd y fdmfkmtricd km kb kxilkm quk vi i prkskmtir.

Skmji km fukmti quk cknk prkskmtir > cdfulkmtds ck gckmtgcic fdm su hdtdjrihìi.
Ksti ks umi fdmcgfgöm piri bi ifrkcgtifgöm ck gckmtgcic km bds Skstgmj Fkmtkrs.

 Md bd dbvgck?
Cknk ifrkcgtir su gckmtgcic prkskmtimcd cds cdfulkmtds fdm
hdtdjrihìi. Uukck skr, pdr koklpbd, um cdfulkmtd ck gckmtgcic y bi
bgfkmfgi ck fdmcufgr.

Lgkmtris kspkri piri gmjrksir ib érki ck kxilkm iprdvkfak ksds lgmutds piri
rkvgsir bds pumtds quk pdr kxpkrgkmfgi yi sink quk rkfukrci lkmds? fdlimcds,
fbisghgfifgdmks ktf. Km kstk ldlkmtd ks luy ÿtgb tkmkr umi adoi ck rkpisd répgcd.
Md ks ldlkmtd piri fukstgdmirgds d piri fdmvkrsir fdm ilgjds quk aifkm
prkjumtis quk mds pukckm aifkr cucir. Ib kxilkm aiy quk gmjrksir skjurd y
trimqugbd.
Uiri gmjrksir ib kxilkm kb iclgmgstricdr ckb Skstgmj Fkmtkr bk rkqukrgré ckoir tdcd
kbklkmtd hukri. Md pukck gmjrksir fdm fdlputicdris pkrsdmibks, fibfubicdris,
tkbçhdmd fkbubir, rkbdo, imdticdr d fuibqugkr dtrd kbklkmtd0 mg iÿm fdm su prdpgd
pipkb y bépgz. Kb Skstgmj Fkmtkr bk prdvkkré umi tinbgbbi d um pir ck adois ck pipkb
y um lirficdr piri quk pukci rkibgzir sus imdtifgdmks.

 Iumquk ks dnvgd? Md sk pukck gmjrksir fdm fibfubicdri d ipumtks

ck fuibqugkr tgpd.

 [m vgckd gbustritgvd ckb prdfkcglgkmtd pukck skr rkvgsicd km?

attp?//ydutu.nk/Xm:y^CX9tf`

Uéj. >1  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

;. Kb kxilkm

[mi vkz quk gmjrksi i bi sibi ck kxilgmifgöm kb pkrsdmib ck iclgmgstrifgöm ckb

Skstgmj Fkmtkr aingbgtiré bi tkrlgmib km bi quk cknkré rkibgzir su kxilkm y bk
kmtrkjiré umi tinbgbbi d ibjumis adois ck pipkb y um lirficdr piri sus mdtis
pkrsdmibks.

Skmji km fukmti quk?

•  Kb pkrsdmib
pkrsdmib ckb Skstg
Skstgmj
mj Fkmtkr md ttgkmk
gkmk hhdrlifgöm
drlifgöm tçfmgfi pdr bd quk
sdbilkmtk pukck nrgmcirbk isgstkmfgi y rkspdmckr prkjumtis km bd quk sk
rkhgkrk ib humfgdmilgkmtd ckb sgstkli. Ukcgr ifbirifgdmks sdnrk kb
fdmtkmgcd ck bis prkjumtis ks gmÿtgb.

•  Vg ngkm bk kmtr
kmtrkjim
kjim um
umi
i sdbi ti
tinbgbbi
nbgbbi d ibjumis adois ck pipk
pipkbb y um
lirficdr, sg mkfksgti lés pdcré sdbgfgtir curimtk kb cksirrdbbd ckb kxilkm
bd quk mkfksgtk.
Sdcd bd quk ksfrgni curimtk kb kxilkm cknkré kmtrkjirbd bukjd ck
tkrlgmicd y md pdcré bbkvirsk mgmjumi mdti pkrsdmib.

 Curimtk tdcd kb cksirrdbbd ckb kxilkm ustkc skré ldmgtdrkicd i

trivçs ck féliris ck vgckd.

Kb cksirrdbbd ck su kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI skré km 6 ktipis?

•  Kb tutdrgib ckb kxilkm.

Sgkmk isgjmicd >5 lgmutds piri rkfdrrkr kb tutdrgib ckb kxilkm ck
fkrtghgfifgöm. Fdld skùibç imtks, umi vkrsgöm km vgckd ck kstk tutdrgib
pukck rkvgsirbi km kb sgtgd wkn ck Fgsfd pdr bd timtd bk sujgkrd quk rkvgsk
bds vgckds curimtk su prkpirifgöm y iprdvkfak kstk tgklpd ck lkodr
hdrli.
Iprdvkfak kstds >5 lgmutds piri rkibgzir km kb imdticdr quk bk
prdpdrfgdmirdm bis mdtis y fébfubds quk rksubtkm fdmvkmgkmtks imtks ck
gmgfgir kb kxilkm. Kstd bk pkrlgtgré iadrrir tgklpd curimtk kb kxilkm
prdpgilkmtk tib. Md sk pukck gmjrksir fdm mdti mdtiss ib kxilkm, pkrd mici
glpgck quk aiji sus prdpgis mdtis km kstk ldlkmtd, imtks ck klpkzir.
Ib tkrlgmir ck rkfdrrkr kb tutdrgib d ib hgmibgzir bds >5 lgmutds quk tgkmk
isgjmicds piri kstd fdlkmziré iutdlétgfilkmtk kb kxilkm ck
fkrtghgfifgöm.

•  Bi kmfuksti.
Vk triti ck umi nrkvk kmfuksti sdfgdböjgfi quk rkbkvi gmhdrlifgöm sdnrk
su rkbifgöm fdm kb érki ckb mktwdr`gmj, tgklpd y lktdcdbdjìi ck
prkpirifgöm quk ai utgbgzicd, gmhdrlifgöm ckldjréhgfi, ktf.
Vus rkspukstis i ksti kmfuksti MD tgkmkm mgmjumi gmhbukmfgi km bi
fdlpdsgfgöm d rksubticds ckb kxilkm y tgkmkm um prdpösgtd lkrilkmtk
ksticìstgfd.

 Mg kb tutdrgib mg bi kmfuksti dfupim tgklpd ckb isgjmicd piri kb

kxilkm prdpgilkmtk cgfad.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. >7 
 

•  Kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm.
^kfukrck quk curimtk kstk tgklpd söbd pukck rkqukrgr isgstkmfgi piri
tklis rkbifgdmicds fdm kb humfgdmilgkmtd ckb sgstkli. Md tgkmk cgspdmgnbk
mgmjÿm rkfursd ckb kmtdrmd ck nisk mg tilpdfd fibfubicdri d kbklkmtds
ck fdmsubti.
Skmji prkskmtks bis firiftkrìstgfis prdpgis ck bi gmtkrhiz ck kxilkm
kxilk m quk
cksfrgnì km kb pumtd imtkrgdr.
Iprdvkfak kb tgklpd ib léxgld. ^kfdrri kb kxilkm cktibbicilkmtk, fdm
trimqugbgcic,
rkspukstis. pkrd sgm cktkmkrsk gmmkfksirgilkmtk mg rkvgsir
r kvgsir km kxfksd bis
Md sk klpkùk km ‒fdrrkjgr “ kb kxilkm. [stkc md ks um fdrrkftdr, sgmd quk
su tirki ks rkspdmckr ifkrticilkmtk fici prkjumti skjÿm lkodr
fdlprkmci. Nusquk kmtkmckr bi prkjumti y bis rkspukstis y skùibk bi
rkspuksti quk fdmsgckri fdrrkfti.
Kb sgstkli bk dhrkfk bi dpfgöm ck aifkr fdlkmtirgds sdnrk fici umi ck bis
prkjumtis, tkmji prkskmtk quk kb tgklpd quk utgbgfk km aifkr fdlkmtirgds
ks tgklpd quk ksté qugtimcd ib cksirrdbbd ck bis prkjumtis y bis
sglubifgdmks. Vki fugcicdsd.
Curimtk tdcd kstk pkrìdcd tkmcré km bi pirtk supkrgdr ckrkfai ck bi
pimtibbi kb rkbdo quk lirfi kb tgklpd rkstimtk piri fdmfbugr kb kxilkm,
iclgmìstrkbd ck bi lkodr limkri pdsgnbk.
Vg umi prkjumti sk prkskmti luy fdlpbkoi, kbgoi bi rkspuksti quk pirkzfi
bi lkodr dpfgöm y pisk i bi sgjugkmtk.
Ib hgmibgzir kbbikxilkm
fdlpbkticd ipirkfkré umi pimtibbi ck hkbgfgtifgöm pdr ainkr
kvibuifgöm.
Ks kb ldlkmtd ck ivgsirbk ib pkrsdmib ckb Skstgmj Fkmtkr quk tkrlgmö.

Hgmibgzicd kb kxilkm ustkc pdcré vkr kb rksubticd ckb lgsld km pimtibbi y kb

Skstgmj Fkmtkr glprglgré y bk kmtrkjiré umi fdpgi glprksi ck su ‒Vfdrk ^kpdrt“.

 Kb sfdrk rkpdrt ks kb ÿmgfd cdfulkmtd d rkjgstrd ck su kxilkm fdm

kb quk fdmtiré aisti timtd tkmji aingbgticd su iffksd ib sgtgd wkn ck
Fgsfd piri tçfmgfds fkrtghgficds, y rkfgni su ‒`gt FFMI“. 
Juirck su sfdrk rkpdrt fdm fugcicd.

Km kb sfdrk rkpdrt kmfdmtriré?

•
  Kb rksubticd ck su kxilkm? pumtiok lìmgld rkqukrgcd, ppumtiok
umtiok ib quk sk
agzd ifrkkcdr y rksubticd (iprdnicd d md).

•  Km bi fdbulmi ck bi ckrkfai, bis gmcgfifgdmks mkfksirgis piri rkibgzir su

rkjgstrd km kb sgtgd wkn ck Fgsfd piri tçfmgfds fkrtghgficds.

•  Kb cktibbk ck bds rksubticds ck su kxilkm.

Km umi tinbi ib hgmib ckb cdfulkmtd sk cktibbim, fdmhdrlk bds dnoktgvds ckb
kxilkm quk cksirrdbbç imtks, fuéb ai sgcd su pdrfkmtiok ck ifgkrtd km
fici érki. Skmji prkskmtk quk kb pumtiok dntkmgcd md tgkmk rkbifgöm
cgrkfti fdm kstds pdrfkmtioks, sgmd quk ckpkmck ckb pumtiok isgjmicd i
fici prkjumti quk rkspdmcgö sitgshiftdrgilkmtk.

 Ksti ks bi ÿmgfi gmhdrlifgöm

gm hdrlifgöm quk tkmcré rkspkftd ck su pkrhdrlimfk
km kb kxilkm.

Uéj. 65  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Fgsfd md aingbgti bi pdsgngbgcic ck rkvgsir bis prkjumtis ckb

fukstgdmirgd quk ustkc fdlpbktö.

Ks um kxilkm, km fdmskfukmfgi, kb rksubticd ckb lgsld ckpkmck ck lufads

ispkftds cghkrkmtks? bd quk sink y kstucgö, su kxpkrgkmfgi km rkspdmckr
kvibuifgdmks ck ksti mituribkzi, pkrd pdr sdnrk tdcd ck bi trimqugbgcic, skjurgcic
y prkfgsgöm quk tkmji km sus rkspukstis. Lufads fimcgcitds quk hibbim ib
prkskmtir kb kxilkm pdr prglkri vkz bd aifkm prgmfgpiblkmtk pdr umi fukstgöm ck
iftgtuc y md timtd ck fdmdfglgkmtds.
Ks prkfgsd indrcir fici prkjumti fdm trimqugbgcic, bkkrbi ìmtkjrilkmtk (bi
prkjumti oumtd fdm bis rkspukstis), nusfir bi rkspuksti ifkrtici, y pisir i bi
sgjugkmtk.

Skmji lufad fugcicd fdm md dnsksgdmirsk fdm bi rkvgsgöm ck fici prkjumti. Kb

tgklpd isgjmicd ks suhgfgkmtk piri rkibgzir kb kxilkm, pkrd md piri rkpisir umi i
umi fici prkjumti y sus rkspukstis imtks ck pisir i bi sgjugkmtk. Nusquk
skjurgcic curimtk su prkpirifgöm y rkvgsk sdbilkmtk bd glprksfgmcgnbk. Vg umi
prkjumti bd fdlpbgfi y bk aifk pkrckr tgklpd, pisk i bi sgjugkmtk. Ks prkhkrgnbk
ckoir umi prkjumti sgm rkspdmckr pdr kbkffgöm imtks quk ckoir virgis pdrquk kb
tgklpd sk ijdtö.

Ib ldlkmtd ck ihrdmtir fici prkjumti tkmji

t kmji prkskmtk kstds tgps?

•  Md sk kmrkck fdm bi prkjumti.

Vu dnoktgvd km ksk ldlkmtd md ks fdrrkjgr bi kxprksgöm d sgmtixgs ck bi
prkjumti sgmd rkspdmckrbi ifkrticilkmtk.

•  Md sk fdlpbgquk nusfimcd cdnbks skmtgcds d gmtkmfgdmks dfu

dfubtis
btis km bi
prkjumti.
Imibìfkbi km kb fdmtkxtd y cksck kb skmtgcd fdlÿm. Bi lkodr gmtkrprktifgöm
ck bi prkjumti ks sgklprk bi lés sglpbk.

•  Ifdstÿlnrksk i bkkr bi prkjumti y bis rkspukstis prdpukstis fdld umi

umgcic imtks ck pkmsir bi rkspuksti
r kspuksti fdrrkfti.
Km prkjumtis ck dpfgdmks lÿbtgpbks bi rkspuksti ks sgklprk umi ck bis
dpfgdmks quk sk prkskmtim. Cknk kstir iaì. Lufais vkfks bis rkspukstis
pdmkm km um fdmtkxtd lés fbird bi prkjumti.

•  Km prkjumtis km bis quk bi pprklgsi

rklgsi fdmtgkmk tdpdbdjìis, fdmhgjurifgdmks d
rksubticds ck fdlimcds sadw md pgkrci tgklpd. Urglkrd bki bi fdmsgjmi y
bis rkspukstis0 bukjd nusquk km bi gmhdrlifgöm quk bk cgkrdm bd quk
mkfksgti piri rkspdmckr i bi fdmsgjmi.
Md imibgfk bi gmhdrlifgöm ck bi tdpdbdjìi d bds fdlimcds sadw imtks ck
imibgzir bi prkjumti y bis dpfgdmks. Km lufads fisds sdm prkjumtis
sglpbks y jkmkriblkmtk bi gmhdrlifgöm ks sdnrkinumcimtk.

•  Km lufads fisds bi fdmsgjmi prdpdrfgdmi gmhdrlifgöm km kxfksd piri bi

prkjumti quk sk pbimtki. Md tdci bi gmhdrlifgöm quk sk prkskmti ks
mkfksirgi piri kmfdmtrir bi rkspuksti fdrrkfti. Md sk ckok cksdrgkmtir y
md pgkrci tgklpd, sgklprk rkvgsk prglkrd bis fdmsgjmis.

•  Fuimcd km um prglkr ggmtkmtd

mtkmtd md bdjri cir fdm bi rrkspuksti,
kspuksti, utgbgfk kb
lçtdcd ck cksfirtk y ck rkcuffgöm pdr kb insurcd.
Km fisd ck cuci ks um rkfursd lés quk gmtkbgjkmtk.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 69 
 

 Vgklprk bki bi fdmsgjmi y bis rkspukstis fdld um fdmoumtd, kstd bk

iyuciré i sgtuirsk y fdlprkmckr bi prkjumti.
Md sk cktkmji km kb imébgsgs ck tdci bi gmhdrlifgöm quk sk bk
prdpdrfgdmi, utgbgfk sdbd iqukbbi quk ks mkfksirgi km humfgöm ck bi
fdmsgjmi.
Kstd bk pkrlgtgré iadrrir tgklpd.

8. [mi vkz quk iprdnö su kxilkm.

 Iprdnicd kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm, ustkc yi ks FFMI, pkrd

tdcivìi cknk rkibgzir ibjumds trélgtks piri pdckr iffkckr i tdcds
bds ckrkfads quk bk nrgmci bi fkrtghgfifgöm.

Udr kb ldlkmtd kb ÿmgfd fdlprdnimtk fdm kb quk fdmtiré ks su sfdrk rkpdrt. Km kb

fdsticd ckrkfad ckb lgsld tgkmk bis gmstruffgdmks mkfksirgis piri iffkckr ib sgtgd
wkn ck tçfmgfds fkrtghgficds ck Fgsfd ckmdlgmicd Fkrtghgfitgdm Srif`gmj Vystkl
km kb quk cknkré rkibgzir bds pisds sgjugkmtks piri fdlpbktir kb prdfksd.

 Bi [^B sglpbghgfici ck iffksd ib Fkrtghgfitgdm Srif`gmj Vystkl ks?

attp?//www.fgsfd.fdl/jd/fkrtghgfitgdms/bdjgm

Sgkmk cgspdmgnbk umi gmtkrhiz km kspiùdb.

Bi gmhdrlifgöm piri kb iffksd gmgfgib km kb Srif`gmj Vystkl ksté km
bi fdbulmi ck bi ckrkfai ck su sfdrk rkpdrt.

Fgsfd sdbgfgti quk ckok pisir 95 cìis aéngbks imtks ck gmtkmtir gmjrksir pdr prglkri
vkz km kb Srif`gmj Vystkl, pkrd sukbk kstir iffksgnbk lufad imtks. [mi vkz km bi
péjgmi ck iffksd kmfdmtriré gmlkcgitilkmtk um kmbifk piri qugkmks sk fdmkftim
pdr prglkri vkz, quk bk pkrlgtgré ckhgmgr umi fbivk ck iffksd. Aifgi bi nisk ck bi
péjgmi pdcré kmfdmtrir tilngçm um kmbifk piri cksfirjir bi Juìi ckb [suirgd ckb
Srif`gmj Vystkl.

 Bi Juìi ckb [suirgd ckb Srif`gmj Vystkl pukck cksfirjirsk km

kstk kmbifk?
attps?//fgsfdfkrt.skfurk.hdrfk.fdl/kmjbgsa/irtgfbks/Irtgfbk/Fkrtghgfitgdm
-Srif`gmj-Vystkl-[skrs-Jugck-KM

 Vg pisicds 95 cìis aéngbks md pukck gmjrksir, pömjisk ck

gmlkcgitd km fdmtiftd fdm su Skstgmj Fkmtkr.

Kb Srif`gmj Vystkl bk pkrlgtgré?

•  Xkr kb prdjrksd ck sus fkrtghgfifgdmks y su agstdrgib ck kkxélkmks.

xélkmks.

•  Iftuibgzir sus citds pkrsdmibks.

•  Cksfirjir bds irirfagvds

fagvds jréhgfds ck bds bdjds qu
quk
k fdrrkspdmckm i su ks
ksticd
ticd
ck fkrtghgfifgöm.

Uéj. 6>  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

•  Vusfrgngr kb Ifukrcd ck Fkrtghgfifgöm Fgsfd (Fkrtghgfitgdm Ijrkklkmt).

•  Ukrlgtgr quk dtris pkrsdmis, klprksis u drjimgzifgdmks vkrghgqukm su

fkrtghgfifgöm.

•  Aifkr kb skjuglgkmtd ckb kmvìd ck su `gt FFMI.

Ib iprdnir su kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm ustkc ai icqugrgcd kb ckrkfad ck utgbgzir kb

tìtubd ck tçfmgfd fkrtghgficd FFMI y bds bdjds cgstgmtgvds ck kstk mgvkb aisti bi
hkfai ck vkmfglgkmtd ck bi fkrtghgfifgöm. Ukrd piri aifkr khkftgvd kstk ckrkfad y
quk Fgsfd bk aiji bbkjir pdr fdrrkd pdstib su fkrtghgficd ck FFMI y cksfirjir bds
bdjds ks prkfgsd quk prglkrd ifkptk kb Ifukrcd ck Fkrtghgfifgöm Fgsfd.

Uiri fulpbgr kstk trélgtk cknkré gmjrksir ib Srif`gmj Vystkl fdm su GC y fbivk, y
skbkffgdmir bi dpfgöm ‒Fkrtghgfitgdm Ijrkklkmt“. Aisti quk ustkc md fdmhgrlk su
ifkptifgöm ckb ifukrcd, md sk bgnkriré kb kmvìd ck su ‒`gt FFMI“  y md pdcré
dntkmkr bds irfagvds jréhgfds ckb bdjd FFMI Fkrtghgkc.

Kb `gt FFMI ksté fdlpukstd sdbilkmtk pdr su fkrtghgficd FFMI y umi firti ck
hkbgfgtifgöm hgrlici pdr Fauf` ^dnngms, FKD ck Fgsfd Vystkls.

 Aisti timtd md fdlpbktk bi ifkptifgöm ckb Ifukrcd ck Fkrtghgfifgöm

Fgsfd md sk rkibgziré kb kmvìd ck su fkrtghgficd glprksd.

Icgfgdmiblkmtk, ib ainkr susfrgptd kb Ifukrcd ck Fkrtghgfifgöm ustkc pdcré

cksfirjir bds bdjds dhgfgibks y utgbgzirbds ck ifukrcd i bds tçrlgmds hgoicds km kb
ifukrcd. Uiri fdmdfkr bds tçrlgmds ckb fdmtritd piri kb usd ck bds bdjds,
susfrgngrbd y pdckr nioir ksds bdjds, gmjrksk km bi dpfgöm ‒ Fimcgcitk Ijrkklkmt“
ck su Srif`gmj Vystkl.

Fulpbgcds kstds trélgtks ustkc?

•  ^kfgngré pdr fdrrkd pdstib su fkrtghgficd FFMI glprksd.

•  Udcré aingbgtir i pkrsdmis, drjimgzifgdmks y klprksis i vkrghgfir su

fkrtghgfifgöm dm bgmk km bi péjgmi ck Fgsfd.
•  Kstiré aingbgticd i utgbgzir su tìtubd ck FFMI.

•  Kstiré aingbgticd i utgbgzir kb bdjd cgstgmtgvd ck su fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI.

•  Udcré sdbgfgtir fdpgis kbkftrömgfis ck su fkrtghgficd.

•  Udcré rkibgzir kb skjuglgkmtd km bìmki ck sus fkrtghgfifgdmks Fgsfd.

:. Bi rkfkrtghgfifgöm.

Bi fkrtghgfifgöm FFMI tgkmk um pkrìdcd ck vibgckz ck 6 iùds quk sk fukmtim i

pirtgr ckb cìi km quk rgmcgö su kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm. Kstk pkrìdcd ck vibgckz
pdcré vkrghgfirbd km bìmki km kb Fkrtghgfitgdm Srif`gmj Vystkl.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 66 
 

Uiri rkfkrtghgfir, ib cìi ck ady, cknk funrgr ibjumd (ib lkmds umd) ck bds sgjugkmtks
rkqugsgtds imtks ck bi hkfai ck kxpgrifgöm ck bi fkrtghgfifgöm?

•  Iprdnir fuibqugkr kxilkm ck mgvkb isdfgicd (iftuiblkmtk FFMI,

FynkrDps Issdfgitk d CkvMkt Issdfgitk).

•  Iprdnir fuibqugkr kxilkm ck kspkfgibgzifgöm ck mgvkb prdhksgdmib.

•
  Iprdnir um kxilkm fdrk ck mgvkb prdhksgdmib.
•  Iprdnir kb kxilkm préftgfd (bindritdrgd) ck FFGK.

•  Dntkmkr 65 frçcgtds ck kcufifgöm fdmtgmui ck Fgsfd.

 Skmji prkskmtk bi hkfai y fdmsubtk fdm imtgfgpifgöm kb sgtgd wkn ck

Fgsfd piri vkrghgfir bis fdmcgfgdmks ck rkfkrtghgfifgöm vgjkmtks km
ksk ldlkmtd.
attps?//www.fgsfd.fdl/f/km/us/trigmgmj-kvkmts/trigmgmj-
fkrtghgfitgdms/rkfkrtghgfitgdm-pdbgfy.atlb

Ib cìi sgjugkmtk ck bi hkfai ck kxpgrifgöm ck su fkrtghgfifgöm [c. yi md fukmti fdm

umi fkrtghgfifgöm
Vg ckski rktdliriftgvi, ks ckfgr,
um filgmd md ks FFMI.
FF MI.
ck fkrtghgfifgöm Micifdlkmzir
cknkré sk pukck pdr
aifkr ib rkspkftd.
fkrtghgfir
mukvilkmtk FFMI.

^kspu
^kspuksti
ksti i Ibjumis c k bis U
Urkjumt
rkjumt is Lé
Lés
s Hrkfukmtks

Kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm ksté rdckicd ck um fgkrtd aibd ck lgstkrgd hrutd qugzés

ck bds ispkftds lkmds pÿnbgfds y rkskrvicds ckb lgsld, pkrd tilngçm ck umi
inumcimfgi kxfksgvi ck bgtkrituri.

Kstd ai cicd bujir i umi skrgk ck ‒bkykmcis“ sdnrk kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm,

fdld pdr koklpbd quk kb lgsld filngi ck ifukrcd i bds ifgkrtds y krrdrks quk kb
fimcgcitd vi tkmgkmcd
hdrds y nbdjs, km sustkmkr
y ks mkfksirgd rkspukstis. Bisvkrcickris
fbiris bis bkykmcis sk prdpijim i trivçs
firiftkrìstgfis ckb ck
kxilkm i hgm ck kstir ickfuicilkmtk prkpiricds piri kb lgsld.

 Skmji prkskmtk quk tdci bi gmhdrlifgöm dhgfgib cgspdmgnbk sdnrk kb

kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm ks punbgfici pdr kb lgsld Fgsfd km su sgtgd
wkn?
attp?//www.fgsfd.fdl/jd/ffmi

Ksti ks bi ÿmgfi hukmtk ck gmhdrlifgöm prkfgsi y iftuibgzici sdnrk kb

kxilkm.

Km ksti skffgöm prdfurd ckspkoir ibjumds ck kstds gmtkrrdjimtks, y cir rkspuksti

i ibjumis ck bis prkjumtis quk hrkfukmtklkmtk tdcds mds aifklds km tdrmd ib
kxilkm y dtris sgtuifgdmks rkbifgdmicis.

Uéj. 63  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

9. ´Km quç drckm sk prkskmtim bis prkjumtis y bis sglubifgdmks4

Md aiy um drckm prkkstinbkfgcd.

Vg ngkm bis prkjumtis ckb kxilkm kstém fbisghgficis ck ifukrcd i cghkrkmtks érkis
ck fdmdfglgkmtds, kb drckm km kb quk sk prkskmtim bis prkjumtis km kb kxilkm
lgsld ks ib izir. Bis prkjumtis md kstém ijrupicis ck mgmjumi limkri.

Micgk fdmdfk ck imtklimd kb drckm km kb quk sk prkskmtim y md aiy hdrli ck

fdmdfkrbd.

>. Bis prkjumtis ckb kxilkm ´Kstém iffksgnbks km ibjÿm sgtgd4

Fgsfd md aifk pÿnbgfis bis prkjumtis ckb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm. Sdci bi

gmhdrlifgöm iffksgnbk quk ksté bkjìtglilkmtk cgspdmgnbk ks bi punbgfici km bds
kmbifks ckb sgtgd ck Fgsfd quk yi lkmfgdmç (www.fgsfd.fdl/jd/ffmi).

Ib ldlkmtd ck prkskmtir kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm tdcds bds fimcgcitds cknkm

susfrgngr um ifukrcd ck fdmhgckmfgibgcic km kb quk sk fdlprdlktkm i md cgvubjir
mgmjumd ck bds fdmtkmgcds ckb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm. Vg Fgsfd cktkftiri umi
vgdbifgöm ck kstk ifukrcd sk rkskrvi kb ckrkfad ck rkvdfir bi fkrtghgfifgöm ckb
fiusimtk.

Cghkrkmtks
fdmtkmgkmcdklprksis y sgtgds ck
bis quk rkhgkrkm Gmtkrmkt
fdld dhrkfkmckb
‒ prkjumtis nisks ck citds
kxilkm cck
itds y fukstgdmirgds
fkrtghgfifgöm “.
Ibjumds ck ldcd jritugtd, dtrds bis fdlkrfgibgzim. Ib ldlkmtd ck kvibuir kstis
dhkrtis tkmji km fukmti quk icklés ck bi liydr d lkmdr kxiftgtuc ck bis
prkjumtis, bi nisk ck citds ckb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm ks rkmdvici
pkrgöcgfilkmtk pdr Fgsfd.

Micgk pukck jirimtgzir ‒bis prkjumtis ckb kxilkm“? bi nisk ck citds md ks

pÿnbgfi, ks rkmdvici pkrgöcgfilkmtk, y bi skbkffgöm ck prkjumtis quk fdlpdmcrém
su kxilkm sk rkibgzi ib izir.

6. ´Filngim bis prkjumtis skjÿm bis rkspukstis quk sk gmjrksim4

Md. Ksti ks umi ck bis bkykmcis sdnrk kb kxilkm quk lkmfgdmç imtks. Bds
kxélkmks ck Fgsfd md sdm gmtkriftgvds.

Ib ldlkmtd ck gmgfgir su kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm kb sgstkli yi bk ai isgjmicd um

fdmoumtd fdlpbktd ck prkjumtis quk fdmstgtuykm su kxilkm y quk ks kb quk
cknkré rkspdmckr. Ksk fdmoumtd md sk ldcghgfi km humfgöm ck sus rkspukstis, pdr
bd quk bis prkjumtis quk ipirkfkm
i pirkfkm sdm insdbutilkmtk gmckpkmcgkmtks ck sus
rkspukstis.

3. ´Km quç gmhbuyk bi kmfuksti quk sk rkibgzi4

Fdld pirtk ckb iftd ck prkskmtir kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm cknkré fdlpbktir umi
kmfuksti ck lir`ktgmj. Ksti kmfuksti md gmhbuyk km mici km kb fdmtkmgcd ckb
kxilkm. Ksti ks dtri ck bis bkykmcis.

Bi kmfuksti tgkmk dnoktgvds purilkmtk ksticìstgfds.

Fdld yi cgok,
ldlkmtd km qukib ldlkmtd ck gmgfgirckb
bi iclgmgstrifgöm suSkstgmj
kxilkmFkmtkr
(y kmtgçmcisk pdrtkrlgmib),
aingbgti su kstd, kb kb

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 6; 
 

fdmoumtd ck prkjumtis yi ksté fdmstgtugcd, y mgmjumd ck kstds kbklkmtds bd

ldcghgfiré.

;. ´Fuébks sdm bds tklis lés glpdrtimtks4

Sdcds bds tklis sdm glpdrtimtks.

glp drtimtks. Md aiy tklis lkmdrks. [mi prkjumti pukck sskrkr
bi cghkrkmfgi kmtrk iprdnir d md0 pdr bd timtd, md sk pukck ckoir ck bicd mgmjÿm
tkli fdld sg hukri lkmdr.

 Sdcds bds tklis sdm glpdrtimtks.

[mi sdbi prkjumti ks bi cghkrkmfgi kmtrk iprdnir d md.

8. Vg rkspdmcd lib umi prkjumti ´rksti pumtiok4

Md. [mi prkjumti d sglubifgöm quk sk rkspdmck d fdlpbkti ck ldcd krrömkd md

rksti ib pumtiok dntkmgcd aisti ksk ldlkmtd.

Fici prkjumti tgkmk isgjmicd um pumtiok ckmtrd ck bi nisk ck citds ckb kxilkm.
Vg bi prkjumti sk rkspdmck ngkm, kb pumtiok fdrrkspdmcgkmtk i bi lgsli sk suli ib
pumtiok dntkmgcd aisti ksk ldlkmtd0 sg sk rkspdmck lib, skmfgbbilkmtk md suli
pumtiok. Kb sgstkli ck fibghgfifgöm ckb kxilkm ks pdr ifulubifgöm ckb pumtiok
fdrrkspdmcgkmtk i bis prkjumtis rkspdmcgcis fdrrkftilkmtk.

:. ´Kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm filngi4

Vg. Aiy > tgpds ck filngds quk ihkftim i bds kxélkmks quk fdlpdmkm bds
cghkrkmtks trif`s ck fkrtghgfifgöm ck Fgsfd.

•  Kb prglkrd,
prglkrd, sdm bd
bdss filngds ck bds dn
dnoktgvds
oktgvds qu
qukk sdm kvibuicds km fici
kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm. Ks ckfgr, ck bds fdmtkmgcds quk ks mkfksirgd
kstucgir piri prkskmtir kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm. Kstds sdm filngds
liydrks y sk tricufkm km um filngd ck vkrsgöm ckb kxilkm. Dfurrkm km
pkrìdcds ck tgklpd kxtkmsds, ckb drckm ck bds 6 iùds d lés.
[m koklpbd ck kstk tgpd ck filngds ai sgcd bi iftuibgzifgöm ck FFMI ^&V
>55-9>; ib iftuib FFMI >55-659.

 Lgkmtris md filngi bi vkrsgöm ckb kxilkm, bds fdmtkmgcds i kstucgir

sdm bds lgslds. Ks ckfgr, lgkmtris kb föcgjd ckb kxilkm FFMI sgji
sgkmcd >55-659, bds fdmtkmgcds i kstucgir sdm bds cksirrdbbicds km
kstk limuib.

•  Kb dtrd tgpd ck ldcghgfifgdmks sdm bis quk sk rkhgkr

rkhgkrkm
km i bi nisk ck ci
citds
tds ck
prkjumtis ck bi fuib sk tdlim bis prkjumtis fdmfrktis quk gmtkjrim fici
kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm.
Ksti nisk ck citds ks ldcghgfici pirfgiblkmtk ck ldcd pkrgöcgfd pdr
Fgsfd pkrd kstds filngds md gmfbuykm um filngd ck dnoktgvds d tklirgd
sgmd sglpbklkmtk ks umi rkmdvifgöm ckb fdmoumtd ck prkjumtis quk sk
utgbgzim.
Md gmhbuykm km bds fdmtkmgcds quk ks mkfksirgd kstucgir piri iprdnir kb
kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm.

Uéj. 68  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

1. ´Aiy ldcd ck sinkr km quç lk kqugvdquç km lg kxilkm4

Ib hgmibgzir kb kxilkm, kb Skstgmj Fkmtkr bk kmtrkjiré su sfdrk rkpdrt. Ksti ks bi

ÿmgfi rkhkrkmfgi cktibbici quk tkmcré rkspkftd i bds rksubticds ck su kxilkm ck
fkrtghgfifgöm y sus rkspukstis.

Km kb sfdrk rkpdrt kmfdmtriré um cktibbk ckb kxilkm cgvgcgcd skjÿm érkis ck

fdmdfglgkmtd y kb pdrfkmtiok ck ifgkrtd quk ai tkmgcd km sus rkspukstis km fici
umi ck quk
cktibbk ksiskstk.
érkis. Udr koklpbd, ‒Fdmkftgvgcic GU? 15%“. Md aiy mg dntkmcré liydr

Md sk fdmtklpbi umi rkvgsgöm ck bis rkspukstis ifkrticis d md ckb kxilkm y kb

Skstgmj Fkmtkr tilpdfd tgkmk pdsgngbgcic ck iffksd i mgmjumi gmhdrlifgöm
icgfgdmib cghkrkmtk i bi quk nrgmci kb sfdrk rkpdrt ck su kxilkm.

Km fdmfrktd. Bi ÿmgfi gmhdrlifgöm cgspdmgnbk ks bi quk nrgmci kb sfdrk rkpdrt y kb

ÿmgfd lkfimgsld quk pukck utgbgzir piri sinkr km quç pucd kqugvdfirsk curimtk
kb kxilkm ks su gmtugfgöm.

7. ´Yuç ks kb `gt FFMI quk sk rkfgnk4

Vk ckmdlgmi ‒`gt FFMI“ i um fdmoumtd ck kbklkmtds gmtkjricd pdr umi firti ck
hkbgfgtifgöm hgrlici pdr kb FKD ck Fgsfd Vystkls y um fkrtghgficd glprksd ck Fgsfd
Fkrtghgkc Mktwdr` Issdfgitk.
Kstk `gt ks ckspifaicd pdr fdrrkd pdstib cgrkftilkmtk pdr Fgsfd i bi cgrkffgöm
pdstib quk ustkc ai ckfbiricd km kb ldlkmtd ck aifkr kb rkjgstrd piri su kxilkm
ck fkrtghgfifgöm y quk hgjuri km su pkrhgb ckb Srif`gmj Vystkl. [mi vkz quk aiyi
gmjrksicd ib Srif`gmj Vystkl pdr prglkri vkz pdcré rkvgsir y ldcghgfir ksti
gmhdrlifgöm km kb érki ck Gmhdrlifgöm Ukrsdmib (Ukrsdmib Gmhd) imtks ck quk sk
aiji kb kmvìd.

Skmji prkskmtk quk kb ckspifad ck su `gt md sk airé aisti timtd ustkc aiyi
gmjrksicd ib Fkrtghgfitgdm Srif`gmj Vystkl y aiyi ifkpticd kb Ifukrcd ck
Fkrtghgfifgöm Fgsfd. Kb kmvìd pdstib pukck ckldrir um pir ck lksks km bbkjir i su
cdlgfgbgd. Vg sdbgfgti kb fkrtghgficd km hdrlitd kbkftrömgfd bd rkfgngré km su fisgbbi ck
fdrrkd kbkftrömgfd km kb tçrlgmd ck kmtrk 31 y :> as.

 Vöbd rkfgngré umi fdpgi jritugti ck su fkrtghgficd. Vg bd pgck km

hdrlitd glprksd y bd ckski tilngçm km hdrlitd kbkftrömgfd cknkré
pijirbd fdld umi fdpgi icgfgdmib.

 Vg ks mkfksirgd, ustkc pukck sdbgfgtir fdpgis icgfgdmibks km hdrlitd

kbkftrömgfd d glprksd ck su `gt FFMI utgbgzimcd bi dpfgöm
‒Fkrtghgfitgdm Hubhgbblkmt“. 
Skmji km fukmti quk ksti dpfgöm ks piji.

95. ´Fuémcd rkfgnd lg fkrtghgficd FFMI4

Vu fkrtghgficd FFMI skré ckspifaicd pdr fdrrkd pdstib umi vkz iprdnicd kb
kxilkm y susfrgtd su Ifukrcd ck Fkrtghgfifgöm Fgsfd. Md imtks. Kb kkmvìd
mvìd pdr fdrrkd
pukck cklimcir um pir ck lksks km bbkjir i su cdlgfgbgd.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 6: 
 

Fdld cgok imtks, kb fkrtghgficd km hdrlitd kbkftrömgfd ckldri söbd um pir ck cìis.

Skmji km fukmti quk kstds kbklkmtds md sdm rkkmvgicds fuimcd sk rkfkrtghgfi. Vg

ckski rkfgngr um mukvd fkrtghgficd fdm bi hkfai ck vkmfglgkmtd iftuibgzici cknkré
icqugrgrbi utgbgzimcd bi dpfgöm ck fdlpri ck `gts icgfgdmibks ckb Fkrtghgfitgdm
Srif`gmj Vystkl.

99. ´Md sk rkfgnk umi frkckmfgib ifrkcgtimcd bi fdmcgfgöm ck FFMI4

Aisti kb lks ck oubgd ck >596 kb `gt ck fkrtghgfifgöm gmfbuìi umi frkckmfgib pbéstgfi
quk ifrkcgtini bi fdmcgfgöm ck fkrtghgficd y bi hkfai ck vibgckz. Ksti frkckmfgib ai
sgcd cgsfdmtgmuici y md sk kmtrkji lés.

 Md aiy lés frkckmfgibks, y md aiy hdrli ck dntkmkrbi, mg ium

pijimcd.

9>. ´Fuémcd kstiré cgspdmgnbk kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm km fistkbbimd4

Md aiy umi vkrsgöm km fistkbbimd ckb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm y md aiy mgmjÿm

imumfgd quk pkrlgti supdmkr quk bi pukci ainkr pröxglilkmtk.

Kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm ksté cgspdmgnbk km gmjbçs y oipdmçs, y pröxglilkmtk km

fagmd. Md aiy vkrsgöm km fistkbbimd.

96. ´Yuç mkfksgtd piri fkrtghgfirlk4

Aiy lufais hdrlis cghkrkmtks ck prkpirirsk piri kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm. Km

ckhgmgtgvi, sk triti ck umi ckhgmgfgöm pkrsdmib.

Vgm klnirjd, y lés ibbé ckb filgmd ck kstucgd y prkpirifgöm kbkjgcd, sgklprk
ipirkfk ksti prkjumti ib ldlkmtd ck fdlkmzir
fdl kmzir bi prkpirifgöm cgrkfti piri
prkskmtir kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm. Km kstk pumtd, bd lìmgld mkfksirgd i lg
 ougfgd ks?

•  Fdmtir fdm um nukm limuib cgskùicd piri kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm.

  Fdmtir fdm iiffksd

ffksd
nukm sglubicdr pirii trinioir
um bindritdrgd fdm cgspdsgtgvds
bds ispkftds préftgfds dckbibtklirgd
lkmds yut
utgbgzir
gbgzir um
hgoir
fdmfkptds. Km kstk pumtd, sg md sk pukck iffkckr i cgspdsgtgvds rk rkibks,
ibks,
Cymilgps, JMV6, Kvk-MJ y Uif`kt Srifkr sdm kxfkbkmtks akrrilgkmtis.

•  Fdmtir fdm iiffksd

ffksd i Gmtkrmkt
Gmtkrmkt piri pdckr rkibgzir bi
biss fdmsubti
fdmsubtiss mk
mkfksirgis
fksirgis
i hgm ck ckspkoir bis cucis quk pukckm surjgr curimtk bi prkpirifgöm.

93. ´Yuç lk fdmvgkmk aifkr piri rkfkrtghgfirlk4

Bis dpfgdmks ck rkfkrtghgfifgöm piri FFMI sdm tilngçm y bbkjicd kb ldlkmtd

sgklprk ks mkfksirgd rkvgsir bi gmhdrlifgöm dhgfgib km kb sgtgd wkn ck Fgsfd
(attp?//www.fgsfd.fdl/jd/ffmi)
(attp?//www.fgsfd.fdl/jd /ffmi) piri vkrghgfir sg aim gmtrdcufgcd ibjÿm filngd. Km
ckhgmgtgvi, tilngçm ks umi ckhgmgfgöm quk ckpkmckré km lufad ck bis pdsgngbgcicks
pdsgngb gcicks
y kxpkftitgvis pkrsdmibks.

Bi prglkri ckhgmgfgöm i tdlir ks, ´kb dnoktgvd skré sdbilkmtk rkfkrtghgfir d sk

ckski iprdvkfair bi dfisgöm piri ivimzir km bi firrkri ck fkrtghgfifgöm4

Uéj. 61  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Vg kb dnoktgvd ks sdbilkmtk rkfkrtghgfir, kmtdmfks sk pukck dptir pdr fuibqugkri ck

bis dpfgdmks ck rkfkrtghgfifgöm0 pkrd sg sk nusfi ivimzir km bi firrkri ck
fkrtghgfifgöm, kmtdmfks cknklds fdmsgckrir quç kxilkm sk icipti lkodr i
mukstrds dnoktgvds.

•  Bi dpfgöm lés sglpbk ks dntkmkr dtri fkrtghgfifgöm ck mgvkb Isdfgicd

(FynkrDps d CkvMkt). Kstd pkrlgtk frkfkr km fkrtghgfifgdmks k gmfdrpdrir
fdmdfglgkmtds icgfgdmibks km érkis kspkfìhgfis quk sdm ck ibti rkbkvimfgi
km bi iftuibgcic.
[m sdbd kxilkm pkrlgtk kxtkmckr pdr 6 iùds bi fkrtghgfifgöm.

•  [mi dpfgöm lés fdlpbkoi pkrd tilngçm gmtkrksimtk ks iprdvkfair bi

sgtuifgöm piri indrcir kb mgvkb Urdhkssgdmib. Vk pukck dptir pdr fuibqugkri
ck bis fkrtghgfifgdmks FFMU
Km ksk fisd tkmji prkskmtk quk um sdbd kxilkm (fuibqugkri ck bds ck
mgvkb prdhksgdmib, Fdrk d ck Kspkfgibgzifgöm) rkfkrtghgfi su FFMI pdr 6
iùds0 pkrd piri bdjrir bi fkrtghgfifgöm ck mgvkb Urdhksgdmib cknk fdlpbktir
bds kxélkmks fdrrkspdmcgkmtks ckmtrd ckb pkrìdcd ck 6 iùds i pirtgr ck
ainkr iprdnicd kb prglkrd ck bds kxélkmks.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 67 
 

Uéj. 35  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

9. Urgmfgp
Urgmf gpgds
gds ck dp
dpkri
krifg
fgöm
öm ck rkcks SFU
SFU/G
/GU
U

 Bis inrkvgituris y sgjbis utgbgzicis km kstk limuib sk kmfukmtrim

cksirrdbbicis km kb Jbdsirgd ck Vgjbis y Sçrlgmds ck Mktwdr`gmj
quk ksté cgspdmgnbk ck ldcd jritugtd km bi Bgnrkrìi km Bìmki ck
KcuNdd`s? attps?//ks.sfrgnc.fdl/
attps?//ks.sfrgnc.fdl/cdfulkmt/>7>98;7>3/Jbdsirgd-ck-
cdfulkmt/>7>98;7>3/Jbdsirgd-ck-
Vgjbis-y-Skrlgmds-ck-Mktwdr`gmj-vkrsgdm-9-:

[mi rkc ck fdlputicdris ks um fdmoumtd ck cgspdsgtgvds y kstifgdmks tkrlgmibks

(UFs, glprksdris, tkbçhdmds, skrvgcdrks, ktf.) gmtkrfdmkfticis ck ldcd quk
pukckm fdlumgfirsk kmtrk kbbis.

Uukck skr ibjd tim sglpbk fdld cds tkrlgmibks fdmkfticis pdr um finbk, d tim
fdlpbkod fdld lgbks ck cgspdsgtgvds fdmkfticds i trivçs ck cghkrkmtks lkcgds.
Sdcis tgkmkm km fdlÿm quk gmtkjrim cgspdsgtgvds, lkcgds y skrvgfgds.

Kstis rkcks ck
cgspdsgtgvds trimspdrtim
bi rkc sk cghkrkmtks tgpds ckkmcitds,
pukckm fbisghgfir km lÿbtgpbks kmtdrmds. Bds
> fitkjdrìis?

•  Skrlgmibks
Gmfbuyk cgspdsgtgvds timtd hìsgfds fdld vgrtuibks

d  Fdlputicdris, tinbkts, tkbçhdmds gmtkbgjkmtks, ktf.

d  Glprksdris

d  Vkrvgcdrks hìsgfds y vgrtuibks

d  Féliris ck skjurgcic

d  Skbçhdmds GU, tkrlgmibks ck Skbkprkskmfgi, féliris

d  Vfimmkrs, fdmsdbis, skmsdrks, ktf.

•  Cgspdsgtgvds gmtkrlkcgirgds
Ukrlgtkm bi fdmkxgöm kmtrk cgspdsgtgvds tkrlgmibks d rkcks

d  Vwgtfaks fipi > y fipi 6

d  ^dutkrs hìsgfds y vgrtuibks

d  Fdmtrdbicdrks gmibélnrgfds

d  Iffkss pdgmts

d  Hgrkwibb ck ÿbtgli jkmkrifgöm (MJHZ)

d  GUV ck ÿbtgli jkmkrifgöm (MJGUV)

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 39 
 

d  Fdmtrdbicdrks ck rkc (Fgsfd CMI Fkmtkr)

Vgm klnirjd, umi rkc md ksté

k sté fdmstgtugci sdbilkmtk pdr tkrlgmibks y cgspdsgtgvds
gmtkrlkcgirgds. Dtrds kbklkmtds sdm mkfksirgds piri iskjurir bi fdmkftgvgcic y kb
kstinbkfglgkmtd ck fdlumgfifgdmks?

•  Kbklkmtds ck gmtkrfdmkxgöm

d  Gmtkrhifks ck rkc (MGFs)

d  Lkcgds ck rkc

•  Lkcgds
Urdpdrfgdmim kb fimib i trivçs ckb fuib sk trimspdrtim bds citds.

d  Finbks ck fdnrk

d  Finbks ck hgnri öptgfi

d  Kmbifks gmibélnrgfds

•  Vkrvgfgds
Urdfksds quk sdpdrtim ipbgfifgdmks fdlumks ck bi rkc

d  Vkrvgfgds ck fdmtrdb ck bi rkc

d  Glpbklkmtifgdmks ck prdtdfdbds

d  Ipbgfifgdmks ck sdhtwirk

Aiy cgvkrsds kbklkmtds d pirélktrds quk sk pukckm utgbgzir piri firiftkrgzir d

cksfrgngr bis rkcks ck citds?

•  Sdpdbdjìi

•  Xkbdfgcic d fipifgcic ck trimspdrtk

•  Cgspdmgngbgcic

•  Fdmhgingbgcic

•  Ksfibingbgcic

•  Fdstd

•  Vkjurgcic

•  Fibgcic ck skrvgfgd

•  Xgrtuibgzifgöm

Uéj. 3>  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Fébfubd ck bi cgspdmgngbgcic ck bi rkc

Kb fébfubd ck cgspdmgngbgcic ks umi kstglifgöm ck bi prdningbgcic ck quk bi rkc sk

kmfukmtrk cgspdmgnbk piri su usd. Ks umd ck bds pirélktrds (kmtrk dtrds) quk sk
utgbgzi hrkfukmtklkmtk piri ckhgmgr bi fibgcic ckb skrvgfgd quk sk kspkri ckb
prdvkkcdr.

Vk kxprksi km pdrfkmtiok ck tgklpd quk bi rkc ksté cgspdmgnbk, km bi liydrìi ck

bds fisds sdnrk um kstglicd imuib. [mi cgspdmgngbgcic ckb 955% ks kb gckib
prdpukstd, pkrd md rkib yi fici umd ck bi lubtgpbgfgcic ck fdlpdmkmtks ck umi
rkc ksté sdlktgcd i um pdsgnbk hibbd quk glpiftk km bi rkc lgsli. Udr bd timtd, bds
vibdrks quk sk limkoim aingtuiblkmtk kstém kxprksicds ‒km fimtgcic ck 7s“?  

> mukvks 77% rkc hukri ck skrvgfgd ;>;8 lgmutds ib iùd.

6 mukvks 77,7% rkc hukri ck skrvgfgd ;>;,8 lgmutds ib iùd.

3 mukvks 77,77% rkc hukri ck skrvgfgd ;>,;8 lgmutds ib iùd.

; mukvks 77,777% rkc hukri ck skrvgfgd ;,>;8 lgmutds ib iùd.

Kstk pdrfkmtiok surjk ck bi sgjugkmtk hörlubi?

[ptglk
Cgspdmgngbgcic
[ptglk + Cdwmtglk

Vdnrk bi nisk ck ksti hörlubi pukck kstglirsk bi cgspdmgngbgcic ck um cgspdsgtgvd,

ck um kmbifk, ck um skrvgfgd, ktf.

Fébfubd ck bi fdmhgingbgcic ck bi rkc

Bi fdmhgingbgcic ck um cgspdsgtgvd, kmbifk d skrvgfgd sk rkhbkoi utgbgzimcd um

pirélktrd
kstgli fdldckmdlgmicd tgklpd
umi prdpdrfgöm lkcgd kmtrkckb
d pdrfkmtiok hibbds d ivkrìis
tgklpd (LSNH).
prdlkcgd Kb LSNH sk
quk trimsfurrk
kmtrk umi hibbi y dtri.

Uiri kstd sk ipbgfi bi sgjugkmtk hörlubi.

Curifgöm
Km kb fisd ck cgspdsgtgvds ks umckb pkrìdcdquk
pirélktrd ck bds
tgklpd
hinrgfimtks sukbkm gmcgfir km bi
LSNH
adoi tçfmgfi ckb cgspdsgtgvd oumtd fdm dtrd kbklkmtd fdlpbklkmtirgd quk ks kb
tgklpd prdlkcgd aisti quk kb ck
Fimtgcic cgspdsgtgvd kxpkrglkmti
hibbds km ksk pkrìdcdbi prglkri hibbi km su
dpkrifgöm.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 36 
 

Sdpdbdjìi hìsgfi vs. Sdpdbdjìi böjgfi

Bi tdpdbdjìi hìsgfi ck umi rkc rkhgkrk i bi cgstrgnufgöm hìsgfi ck cgspdsgtgvds y

finbkicd.

Bi tdpdbdjìi böjgfi rkhgkrk, pdr su pirtk, ib filgmd quk aim ck itrivksir bds citds
kmtrk drgjkm y ckstgmd.

Bds prgmfgpibks ldckbds ck tdpdbdjìi sdm?

•  Nus.
Sdcds bds cgspdsgtgvds sk kmfukmtrim fdmkfticds i um finbk fkmtrib.
Bis rkcks iftuibks ckhgmkm kb nus km kb aircwirk ck bds cgspdsgtgvds, md km
kb finbkicd.

•  Imgbbd.
Bds tkrlgmibks sk kmfukmtrim fdmkfticds kmtrk sì ck limkri quk kb ÿbtgld
cgspdsgtgvd ksté fdmkfticd ib prglkrd hdrlimcd um fìrfubd. Fici
cgspdsgtgvd ksté fdmkfticd i dtrds cds.

•  Kstrkbbi.
Ks bi tdpdbdjìi hìsgfi lés hrkfukmtk km bi iftuibgcic.
Vk fdlpdmk ck um cgspdsgtgvd fkmtrib quk nrgmci fdmkftgvgcic y tkrlgmibks
fdmkfticis kxfbusgvilkmtk i kstk cgspdsgtgvd fdmfkmtricdr.
•  Libbi.
Fici cgspdsgtgvd km bi rkc sk kmfukmtri fdmkfticd cgrkftilkmtk i virgds.
Vg sk fdmkfti i tdcds bds cklés rkfgnk bi ckmdlgmifgöm ck libbi
lib bi
fdlpbkti, sg sk fdmkfti sdbilkmtk i ibjumds libbi pirfgib.
Ks bi tdpdbdjìi quk nrgmci liydr rkcumcimfgi.

Glpiftd ck bis ipbgfifgdmks

Cghkrkmtks ipbgfifgdmks glpiftim ck cghkrkmtk limkri km bi pkrhdrlimfk ck bi rkc.

Vk cgstgmjukm 6 tgpds nésgfds ck ipbgfifgdmks?

•  Ipbgfifgdmks quk trimslgtkm km réhijis (nitfa ippbgfitgdms).

Md aiy gmtkriffgöm aulimi cgrkfti pdr bd quk bi cgspdmgngbgcic ck imfad ck
nimci ks glpdrtimtk pkrd md frìtgfi.
Km tçrlgmds jkmkribks kstk tgpd ck ipbgfifgdmks md sdm skmsgtgvis i bi
pçrcgci ck piquktks d kb ckbiy.

•  Ipbgfifgdmks gmtkriftgvis.
Vdm ipbgfifgdmks piri bi gmtkriffgöm fdm um usuirgd hgmib. Cicd quk aiy um
usuirgd km kspkri kb tgklpd ck rkspuksti ks glpdrtimtk pkrd md frìtgfd
sibvd quk ski kxfksgvd.

•  Ipbgfifgdmks ck tgklpd rkib.

[tgbgzicis piri bi gmtkriffgöm kmtrk usuirgds hgmibks.
Km kstk fisd bi bitkmfgi kxtrkld-i-kxtrkld ks frìtgfi.

d  Ipbgfifgdmks ck vdz.
Vk triti ck tréhgfd md ijrksgvd, quk pdcklds bbilir nkmgjmd,
skmsgtgvd i bi pçrcgci ck piquktks y ib ckbiy.
Sgkmk rkqukrglgkmtds kspkfìhgfds km fici skmtgcd ck bi

Uéj. 33  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

fdlumgfifgöm ck vdz quk sk ci? bitkmfgis lkmdrks i bds 9;5

lskj., pçrcgcis ck piquktks pdr ckniod ckb 9% y um imfad ck
nimci ckcgficd ck kmtrk >5 y 9>1 @nps.

d  Ipbgfifgdmks ck vgckd.
Ks tréhgfd quk tgkmck i skr lés ijrksgvd y quk sk ci km ldcd ck
réhijis skmsgnbks i bi pçrcgci ck piquktks y ib ckbiy.
Vus rkqukrglgkmtds kspkfìhgfds sdm? bitkmfgi lkmdr i bds
b ds 9;5
lskj., pçrcgcis ck piquktks md liydrks ib 5,9 i 9% y um imfad
ck nimci ckcgficd luy virginbk skjÿm bi fibgcic ckb vgckd ck
kmtrk 613 @nps y lés ck >5 Lnps.

Bitkmfgi? 2 9;5 lskj

Uçrcgci ck piquktks? 2 9%
Imfad ck nimci? 65 i 9>1 @nps

Bitkmfgi? 2 9;5 lskj 

,9 i 9% 
Uçrcgci ck piquktks? 2 55,9
 
Imfad ck nimci? 613 @nps i >5 Lnps

Gmtrdcuffg öm i bds ldckbds ck rkhkrk

rkhkrkmfgi
mfgi

[m kbklkmtd humcilkmtib piri bi fdlprkmsgöm ck bds prdfksds gmvdbufricds km bi

trimslgsgöm ck citds sdnrk lkcgds ck mktwdr`gmj sdm bds ldckbds tkörgfds quk
pkrlgtkm kxpbgfir y fdlkmtir bi humfgöm ck fici umd ck bds kbklkmtds quk
gmtkrvgkmkm km bi fdlumgfifgöm.

Lufads sdm bds ldckbds cksirrdbbicds fdm kstk prdpösgtd? kb ldckbd IppbkSib`, kb
ldckbd Mdvkbb Mktwirk, kb ldckbd SFU/GU, kb ldckbd DVG, ktf. Bi liydrìi ck kbbds
tgkmkm um kbklkmtd km fdlÿm? sdm ldckbds ck fipis quk cgvgckm bis cghkrkmtks
tirkis km löcubds gmckpkmcgkmtks fdmkfticds pdr gmtkrhifks, ck ksti hdrli
hifgbgtim bi fdlprkmsgöm ck bds prdfksds y pdr sdnrk tdcd kb cksirrdbbd ck mukvis
tkfmdbdjìis.

Ck ksti lubtgpbgfgcic ck ldckbds, cds sdm bds quk glpdrtim piri kb kxilkm ck
fkrtghgfifgöm, kb ldckbd SFU/GU y kb ldckbd DVG.

 SFU/GU ‖ Ks bi sugtk ck prdtdfdbds kstémcir hgmiblkmtk

glpbklkmticds pdr bi fdlumgcic ck Gmtkrmkt.

 DVG ‖ Ldckbd kstémcir cksirrdbbicd pdr bi GVD y punbgficd km kb iùd

9713 i pirtgr ck bds ldckbds CkfMkt, VMI y SFU/GU. Ks kb lés

ilpbgilkmtk utgbgzicd pdr bds hinrgfimtks y km bi kcufifgöm.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 3; 
 

Kmtrk bis vkmtiois ck glpbklkmtir um ldckbd ck fipis sk pukckm lkmfgdmir?

  Ukrlgtk bi gmtkrdpkringbgcic ck cghkrkmtks hinrgfimtks.

•

  Cgvgck bis dpkrifgdmks fdlpbkois ck bi rkc km fipis kspkfìhgfis lés

•

héfgblkmtk iclgmgstrinbks.

  Hifgbgti kb ccksirrdbbd
• ksirrdbbd ck umi gmjkmgkrìi ldcubir y quk pkrlgtk gmtrd
gmtrdcufgr
cufgr
filngds pirfgibks km umi fipi, sgm rkqukrgr filngds km bi tdtibgcic.
  Ckhgmk gmtkrhifks kstémcir piri bi gmtkjrifgöm ‒pbuj imc pbiy“ ck cghkrk mtks
•

hinrgfimtks.

  Ukrlgtk kb cksirrdbbd ck gmtkrhifks kstémcir quk hifgbgtim bi

•

gmtkrdpkringbgcic ck cghkrkmtks hinrgfimtks.

  Ukrlgtk kbindrir kspkfghgfifgdmks quk iyucim ib prdjrksd ck bi gmcustrgi

•

fdm bi gmtrdcuffgöm y cksirrdbbd ck mukvis tkfmdbdjìis.

  Hifgbgti bi rksdbufgöm ck hibbds.

•

Ldckbd DVG

Huk frkicd pdr bi GVD i prgmfgpgds ck bi cçfici ck 9715 piri sdbufgdmir bds
prdnbklis jkmkricds pdr kb cksirrdbbd k glpbklkmtifgöm ck cghkrkmtks ldckbds
prdpgktirgds cgskùicds pdr cghkrkmtks hinrgfimtks (Ldckbd VMI ck GNL, ldckbd ck
CKFMkt, ktf.).

ASSU
Ipbgfifgöm VLSU / UDU6

Urkskmtifgöm OUJ ‖
OUJ  ‖ LU6
 LU6 ‖
 ‖ ASLB
 ASLB

Vksgöm Mktwdr` Hgbk Vystkl

Bgmux ‖
Bgmux ‖ [mgx
 [mgx
Srimspdrtk
SFU ‖
SFU ‖ [CU
 [CU

^kc
GU ‖
GU ‖ GUQ
 GUQ ‖
 ‖ Ippkbtib`
 Ippkbtib`

Kmbifk ck Citds Cgrkffgdmks LIF

Hìsgfi

Ks kb ldckbd ck irqugtkfturi prglirgi piri rkcks. Cksfrgnk föld bds citds y bi

gmhdrlifgöm ck bi rkc hbuykm cksck umi tkrlgmib, i trivçs ck bds lkcgds ck rkc,
aisti dtri tkrlgmib.

Uéj. 38  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Cgvgck kb prdfksd jbdnib km jrupds böjgfds lés pkqukùds ck prdfksds i bds quk
ckmdlgmi ‒fipis“ d ‒biykrs“. Udr kstk ldtgvd sk ainbi ck umi ‒irqugtkfturi ck
fipis“. 

Fici fipi prdvkk cghkrkmtks skrvgfgds i bis fipis quk kstém pdr kmfgli ck kbbi y
utgbgzi skrvgfgds ck bis fipis quk kstém ckniod ck kbbi0 y kstinbkfk umi fdmkxgöm
böjgfi fdm bi lgsli fipi km kb sgstkli pkkr d ckstgmd.

: Ipbgfifgöm Vulgmgstri skrvgfgds ck rkc i bds prdfksds ck

ipbgfifgdmks ck usuirgd quk kstém hukri ckb ldckbd
DVG.
Cktkrlgmi bi gckmtgcic y cgspdmgngbgcic ck bi
fdmtripirtk km bi fdlumgfifgöm0 k glpbklkmti
prdfkcglgkmtds ck iutkmtgfifgöm ck usuirgd,
rkfupkrifgöm ck krrdrks y fdmtrdb ck gmtkjrgcic.
Km ksti fipi dpkrim prdtdfdbds fdld ASSU, VMLU,
HSU, Skbmkt, VVA, ktf.
8 Urkskmtifgöm Jirimtgzi quk bi gmhdrlifgöm quk ks kmvgici cksck bi
fipi ck ipbgfifgöm ckb drgjkm ks bkjgnbk pdr bi fipi ck
ipbgfifgöm ckb cgspdsgtgvd ckstgmd.

Silngçm ipukck
kmvgirém trivçsdfupirsk
ck bi rkc.ck kmfrgptir bds citds quk sk
Km ksti fipi dpkrim prdtdfdbds fdld SGHH, OUKH,
OU KH,
LUKJ, IVFGG, ktf.
; Vksgöm Kstinbkfk, iclgmgstri y tkrlgmi sksgdmks kmtrk cds
mdcds ck fdlumgfifgöm. Silngçm sgmfrdmgzi kb cgébdjd
kmtrk bis fipis ck prkskmtifgöm ck ilnis tkrlgmibks.
Km ksti fipi dpkrim lkfimgslds ck fdmtrdb ck sksgöm
fdld MHV, VYB, U^F, ktf.
3 Srimspdrtk Vkjlkmti, trimshgkrk y rkkmsilnbi bds citds quk
fdrrkspdmckm i umi fdlumgfifgöm kmtrk cgspdsgtgvds
tkrlgmibks.
Uiri iskjurir umi trimshkrkmfgi ck citds fdmhginbk
kstinbkfk, limtgkmk y tkrlgmi fgrfugtds vgrtuibks.
Cktkffgöm ck hibbds, fdmtrdb ck hbuod ck bi gmhdrlifgöm y
rkfupkrifgöm ck krrdrks sdm ibjumis ck sus humfgdmks.
Bds prdtdfdbds lés fdmdfgcds quk dpkrim km ksti fipi
sdm SFU y [CU.
UC[? Vkjlkmtd.
6 ^kc Urdvkk fdmkftgvgcic, cgrkffgdmilgkmtd böjgfd y
skbkffgöm ck bi ruti kmtrk cds cgspdsgtgvds tkrlgmibks
quk pukckm kstir ungficds km cghkrkmtks rkcks.
Lufads prdtdfdbds dpkrim km ksti fipi? GUv3, GUv8,
GUQ, Ippbk Sib`, KGJ^U, DVUH, ktf.

UC[? Citijrili d piquktk.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 3: 
 

Cgspdsgtgvds quk dpkrim km ksti fipi? rdutkrs, swgtfaks

lubtgbiykr.
> Kmbifk ck Citds Ckhgmk kb hdrlitd quk ai ck cirsk i bds citds piri skr
trimslgtgcds, y föld sk fdmtrdbi kb iffksd i bi rkc.
Uukck gmfbugr lkfimgslds ck cgrkffgdmilgkmtd hìsgfd y
lkfimgslds ck cktkffgöm ck krrdrks km bi trimslgsgöm.

Urdtdfdbds
ACBF, ktf. quk dpkrim ks ksti fipi? Ktakrmkt, UUU,
UC[? Srili.
Cgspdsgtgvds quk dpkrim km ksti fipi? swgtfaks BIM,
nrgcjks, iffkss pdgmts.
9 Hìsgfi ^kspdmsinbk ckb trimspdrtk hìsgfd ck bi skùib pdrticdri
ck bds ngts kmtrk drgjkm y ckstgmd. Ckhgmk bis
kspkfghgfifgdmks kbçftrgfis, lkfémgfis y humfgdmibks
mkfksirgis piri iftgvir, limtkmkr y cksiftgvir um
kmbifk hìsgfd utgbgzicd piri bi trimslgsgöm ck ngts kmtrk
cgspdsgtgvds.
Km ksti fipi sk ipbgfim lÿbtgpbks kspkfghgfifgdmks,
tibks fdld ^V->6>, ^O-3;, v.6;, AVVG, ktf.
Cgspdsgtgvds quk dpkrim ks ksti fipi? auns, löckls,
trimsfkgvkrs.

Ldckbd
Ldckb d SFU/GU

Kb ldckbd SFU/GU ks um ldckbd km fipis cksirrdbbicd gmgfgiblkmtk piri hifgbgtir kb

kstinbkfglgkmtd ck fdlumgfifgdmks kxtrkld i kxtrkld.

Ks kb ldckbd ck ipbgfifgöm km Gmtkrmkt. Udr kstk ldtgvd ks kb lés cghumcgcd, y

lufads ck bds prdtdfdbds drgjgmibks ck Gmtkrmkt rkhgkrkm i kstk ldckbd ck fipis.
Km bi iftuibgcic sgjuk sgkmcd ck jrim ipbgfifgöm, iumquk km tçrlgmds jkmkribks sk
prkhgkrk kb ldckbd DVG piri kb kstucgd y imébgsgs.

Lés ibbé ck su
fdmoumtd utgbgcic fdld
prdtdfdbds ldckbd,itilngçm
quk trinioim pirtgr cksk
bi sukbk ckmdlgmir ckb
glpbklkmtifgöm SFU/GU i um
prdtdfdbd
SFU km fipi ck trimspdrtk y kb prdtdfdbd GU km bi fipi ck Gmtkrmkt.

•  Fipi ck Ipbgfifgöm
Km kbbi sk cksirrdbbim prdfksds ck ibtd mgvkb rkhkrgcds i bi prkskmtifgöm,
fdcghgfifgöm y fdmtrdb ckb cgébdjd.

•  Fipi ck Srimspdrtk
Urdpdrfgdmi skrvgfgds ck trimspdrtk ck citds kmtrk drgjkm y ckstgmd
frkimcd um fgrfugtd vgrtuib kmtrk ksds cds pumtds. Km ksti fipi sk
skjlkmtim y rkkmsilnbim bds citds, y sk glpbklkmtim skrvgfgds ck fdmtrdb
ck hbuod y skfukmfgifgöm fdm ifusks ck rkfgnd piri fdmtrdbir kb hbuod ck
citds y fdrrkjgr krrdrks km bi trimslgsgöm.

  Fipi ck Gmtkrmkt
Vu dnoktgvd ks prdpdrfgdmir cgrkffgdmilgkmtd okrérqugfd y kmfdmtrir bi
lkodr ruti kmtrk drgjkm y ckstgmd.

Uéj. 31  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Urdfksds ck Urdpdrfgdmim umi kmtrkji

Ipbgfifgöm prkfgsi ck citds kmtrk
Fdlputicdris.

Srimspdrtk

Gmtkrmkt
Fdmtrdbim bi kmtrkji hìsgfi
ck citds pdr bi rkc.
Iffksd i ^kc

•  Fipi ck Iffksd i ^kc

Silngçm bbilici ck Adst i ^kc. Fdmtrdbi tdcds bds ispkftds rkbifgdmicds
ib kmbifk hìsgfd fdm bds lkcgds ck rkc. Ckhgmk bi gmtkrhiz fdm kb aircwirk
ck rkc piri tkmkr iffksd ib lkcgd ck trimslgsgöm. ^kÿmk bis fipis ck
Kmbifk ck Citds y Hìsgfi ckb ldckbd DVG.

Ldckbd SFU
SFU/GU
/GU Ldckbd DVG

Ipbgfifgöm  

Urdfksds ck Urkskmtifgöm  
Ipbgfifgöm  
Vksgöm 

Srimspdrtk   Srimspdrtk 

Gmtkrmkt  ^kc 

Kmbifk ck Citds 
Iffksd i ^kc 
Hìsgfi 

 Itkmfgöm? kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm sk rkhgkrk gmcgstgmtilkmtk i

ilnds ldckbds fdld kb ldckbd ck fipis. Uiri cgstgmjugr i quç
ldckbd sk rkhgkrk bi prkjumti rkfukrck quk bi fipi ck ^kc ckb
ldckbd DVG, sk ckmdlgmi Gmtkrmkt km kb ldckbd SFU/GU, kstd bd
iyuciré i ungfirsk.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. 37 
 

Kmfipsubifgöm / Ckskmfipsubifgöm
Ckskmfipsubifgöm

Ib ldlkmtd ck vdbfir gmhdrlifgöm i trivçs ck bds lkcgds hìsgfds piri kstinbkfkr

fdlumgfifgöm fdm um mdcd rkldtd, kb mdcd trimslgsdr cknk fulpbgr umi skrgk ck
tirkis quk iskjurim kb çxgtd ck bi fdlumgfifgöm. Ckb lgsld ldcd, kb kqugpd
rkfkptdr cknkré rkibgzir tilngçm umi skrgk ck tirkis quk bk pkrlgtim rkfupkrir bds
fdmtkmgcds drgjgmibks.

Kstis tirkis sk pukckm cksfrgngr sgjugkmcd bi kstrufturi ck fipis ckb ldckbd DV

DVGG
y rkfgnkm bi ckmdlgmifgöm ck prdfksd ck kmfipsubifgöm y ckskmfipsubifgöm. Fici
fipi ckb ldckbd DVG km kb cgspdsgtgvd drgjkm cknk fdlumgfirsk fdm su fipi
adlöbdji (pir d pkkr) km kb ckstgmd.

Uiri kstd, curimtk kb prdfksd ck trimspdrtk kmtrk drgjkm y ckstgmd, bds

b ds prdtdfdbds
ck fici fipi cknkm gmtkrfilngir nbdquks ck gmhdrlifgöm quk rkfgnkm bi
ckmdlgmifgöm ck umgcicks ck citds ckb prdtdfdbd (UC[). Fici umd ck bds
prdtdfdbds prdcufk ldcghgfifgdmks km kb hbuod ck ngts (i pirtgr ck bi fipi ck
trimspdrtk aifgi iniod) pdr bd quk cknkm ijrkjir i bds citds ckb usuirgd
gmhdrlifgöm fdrrkspdmcgkmtk i bds prdfksds prdpgds ck fici prdtdfdbd i hgm ck quk
kb mdcd rkfkptdr pukci rkfdmstrugr bds citds drgjgmibks. Ksi gmhdrlifgöm quk sk
ijrkji km fici pisd sk gmfdrpdri km um hdrlitd kspkfìhgfd ckmdlgmicd
‒kmfinkzicd“. [m kmfinkzicd ks um fdmoumtd ck gmhdrlifgöm km um drckm
prkcktkrlgmicd y quk fdmtgkmk gmcgfifgdmks rkspkftd ckb prdtdfdbd quk ai
prdfksicd bi gmhdrlifgöm.
Fici fipi ckpkmck ck su fipi gmhkrgdr km kb cgspdsgtgvd drgjkm piri pdckr
kstinbkfkr kb gmtkrfilngd fdm su fipi pir km kb ckstgmd. Uiri kstd fici fipi
kmfipsubi kb UC[ quk rkfgnk ck bi fipi supkrgdr fdm um kmfinkzicd quk
gmfdrpdri bi gmhdrlifgöm quk fdrrkspdmck i su mgvkb ck ifukrcd ib prdtdfdbd quk
ksté glpbklkmtimcd.

Urdfksds ck
Citds  Ipbgfifgöm  

Vkjlkmtds  Srimspdrtk  

Uiquktks  Gmtkrmkt 

Srilis  Iffksd i ^kc 

Fici kmfinkzicd fdmtgkmk gmhdrlifgöm ck fdmtrdb piri bds cgspdsgtgvds quk

fdlpdmkm bi rkc y piri quk kb rkfkptdr pukci gmtkrprktir fdrrkftilkmtk bi
gmhdrlifgöm quk rkfgnk.

Uéj. ;5  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Kstk prdfksd sk fdlpbkti sgjugkmcd fgmfd pisds nésgfds?

9. Km bis fipis supkrgdrks ckb ldckbd DVG sk fdmvgkrtk bi gmhdrlifgöm ckb

usuirgd km citds. Bis fipis supkrgdrks ijrkjim bi gmhdrlifgöm
fdrrkspdmcgkmtk i bds prdtdfdbds gmvdbufricds.

>. Km bi fipi ck trimspdrtk sk prkpirim bds citds piri kb tr

trimspdrtk
imspdrtk kmc-td-
kmc. Vdm hrijlkmticds km skjlkmtds y kmfipsubicds fdm gmhdrlifgöm ck
fdmtrdb piri bdjrir umi fdmkxgöm fdmhginbk.
6. Km bi fipi ck rkc sk ijrkjim bis cgrkffgdmks böjgfis ck drgjkm y ckstgmd
km kb kmfinkzicd ck rkc. Bds
B ds citds sdm fdbdficds ckmtrd ck um piquktk d
citijrili.

Citds
Ipbgfifgöm

B3 Citds
Srimspdrtk

B6 B3 Citds
Gmtkrmkt

Iffksd i bi B> B6 B3 Citds

^kc

9599595 Ngts 9599595 

3. Km bi fipi ck kmbifk ck citds sk ijrkjim bis cgrkffgdmks hìsgfis km kb

kmfinkzicd ck kmbifk ck citds y sk fdmhdrli bi trili piri su
trimslgsgöm i trivçs ck umi gmtkrhiz y bds lkcgds hìsgfds.

;. Hgmiblkmtk, bds ci
citds
tds sk trimslgtkm km hdrli ck nngts
gts i ttrivçs
rivçs ck bds
lkcgds hìsgfds.

Fuimcd bi gmhdrlifgöm ks rkfgngci km kb ckstgmd sk rkibgzi kb prdfksd gmvkrsd,

cksck bi fipi hìsgfi aifgi bi fipi ck ipbgfifgöm, imibgzimcd km fici pisd bi fipi
fdrrkspdmcgkmtk ib prdtdfdbd quk ai dpkricd km ksk mgvkb quk ksté fdmtkmgci km kb
kmfinkzicd fdrrkspdmcgkmtk.

Sçrlgmds fbivk i tkmkr prkskmtks

•  Vkjlkmtd.
Vk fdmhdrli km bi fipi ck Srimspdrtk. Vk triti ckb rksubticd ck bi
skjlkmtifgöm ckb hbuod ck citds quk prdvgkmk ck bis fipis supkrgdrks fdm
kb dnoktd ck skr trimslgtgcds i trivçs ck bi fipi hìsgfi.

•  Uiquktk.
I vkfks pdr
kmvgicd bbilicd tilngçm
bi fipi "citijrili"
ck trimspdrtk piridskr
‒pif`kt“. Kmfipsub
kmruticds i kbckskjlkmtd
i trivçs bi rkc,
gmfbuykmcd bis cgrkffgdmks böjgfis.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. ;9 
 

  Srili.
•

Kmfipsubi kb piquktk d citijrili kmvgicd pdr bi fipi ck rkc piri skr

kmtrkjicd i um cgspdsgtgvd km bi BIM. Gmfbuyk bis cgrkffgdmks hìsgfis.
Silngçm rkfgnk bi ckmdlgmifgöm ck ‒hrilk“.  

  Ngts.
•

Bi fipi hìsgfi tdli bds citds ngmirgds ck bi fipi ck Kmbifk ck Citds y

fdmvgkrtk bds 9's y 5's i umi skùib cgjgtib ickfuici piri skr kmvgici i
trivçs ckb lkcgd hìsgfd. Kstds 9s y 5s sdm bi umgcic ck gmhdrlifgöm quk
rkfgnk kb mdlnrk ck ‒ngt“. 

Citds 
Ipbgfifgöm  Ipbgfifgöm 

Vkjlkmtd 
Srimspdrtk  Srimspdrtk 
Uiquktk 
Gmtkrmkt  Gmtkrmkt   Gmtkrmkt  

Srili  Srili 
Iffksd i rkc  Iffksd i rkc  Iffksd i rkc  Iffksd i rkc 

Fdld rksubticd ckb prdfksd ck kmfipsubifgöm sk dntgkmk umi trili, quk tgkmk umi
kstrufturi ckhgmgci. Bi kstrufturi nésgfi ck umi trili ks bi sgjugkmtk?

Kmfinkzicd ck Kmfinkzicd ckb Kmfinkzicd ckb

Citds HFV
bi Srili Citijrili Vkjlkmtd

Uéj. ;>  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

[m koklpbd?

Mivkjicdr wkn  Vkrvgcdr wkn 

ASSU 
Ipbgfifgöm  Ipbgfifgöm 

SFU 
Srimspdrtk  Srimspdrtk 
GUv3 / GUv8 
Gmtkrmkt  Gmtkrmkt  Gmtkrmkt 

Ktakrmkt  Ktakrmkt 
Iffksd i rkc  Iffksd i rkc  Iffksd i rkc  Iffksd i rkc 

Kmfinkzicd
Kmfinkzicd GU  Kmfinkzicd SFU  Citds F^F
Ktakrmkt  

Ks pdsgnbk vgsuibgzir ksti kstrufturi ck bi trili fuimcd sk fipturi tréhgfd ck bi rkc

y sk imibgzi utgbgzimcd um imibgzicdr ck tréhgfd. Ks bd quk pdcklds vkr i
fdmtgmuifgöm km umi fipturi ck tréhgfd rkibgzici
r kibgzici fdm Zgrksair`?

Hrilk 6? 85 nytks dm wgrk (315 ngts), 85 nytks fipturkc (315 ngts) dm

gmtkrhifk RCkvgfkRMUHT{FHN:F9FK-3HF1-3I66-I765->:78H8N199;N}, gc 5

Gmgfgd ckb kmfinkzicd Ktakrmkt

Ktakrmkt GG, Vrf? LgtriVtiT7f?i8?k6 (13?ii?7f?7f?i8?k6), Cst?
GmtkbFdrTc7?98?ni (i3?5>?n7?c7?98?ni)
Ckstgmitgdm? GmtkbFdrTc7?98?ni (i3?5>?n7?c7?98?ni)
Vdurfk? LgtriVtiT7f?i8?k6 (13?ii?7f?7f?i8?k6)
Cgrkffgdmks ck
Sypk? GUv3 (5x5155)
fipi ck iffksd
Uiccgmj? 555555555555
Gmgfgd ckb kmfinkzicd GU

Gmtkrmkt Urdtdfdb Xkrsgdm 3, Vrf? 69.96.73.;>, Cst? 97>.981.9.6;

5955 .... < Xkrsgdm? 3
.... 5959 < Akickr Bkmjta? >5 nytks (;)
Cghhkrkmtgitkc Vkrvgfks Hgkbc? 5x55 (CVFU? FV5, KFM? Mdt-KFS)
Sdtib Bkmjta? 35

Gckmtghgfitgdm? 5xfik5
Hbijs? 5x3555, Cdm't (;9768)
hrijlkmt
...5 5555 5555 5555 < Hrijlkmt dhhskt? 5

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. ;6 
 

Sglk td bgvk? 13
Urdtdfdb? SFU (8)
Akickr fakf`sul? 5x9fk6 Pvibgcitgdm cgsinbkc\
PAkickr fakf`sul stitus? [mvkrghgkc\
Vdurfk? 69.96.73.;> Cgrkffgdmks ck
Ckstgmitgdm? 97>.981.9.6; fipi ck Gmtkrmkt

Gmgfgd ckb kmfinkzicd SFU

Srimslgssgdm Fdmtrdb Urdtdfdb, Vrf Udrt? 15, Cst Udrt? ;5:9:, Vkq? 9,
If`? 67, Bkm? 5
Vdurfk Udrt? 15
Ckstgmitgdm Udrt? ;5:9: Uukrtds ck fipi
PVtrkil gmckx? 9\ ck trimspdrtk
PSFU Vkjlkmt Bkm? 5\
Vkqukmfk mulnkr? 9 (rkbitgvk skqukmfk mulnkr)
Vkqukmfk mulnkr (riw)? >6;6835855
PMkxt skqukmfk mulnkr? 9 (rkbitgvk skqukmfk mulnkr)\
If`mdwbkcjlkmt mulnkr? 67 (rkbitgvk if` mulnkr)
If`mdwbkcjlkmt mulnkr (riw)? :9>7;78:1
5959 .... < Akickr Bkmjta? >5 nytks (;)
Hbijs? 5x595 (IF@)
Zgmcdw sgzk vibuk? >;1
PFibfubitkc wgmcdw sgzk? >;1\
PZgmcdw sgzk sfibgmj hiftdr? -9 (um`mdwm)\
Fakf`sul? 5x;;fk Pumvkrghgkc\
PFakf`sul Vtitus? [mvkrghgkc\
[rjkmt pdgmtkr? 5
PVKY/IF@ imibysgs\
PSglkstilps\

Bi fipi hìsgfi

Urdfksds ck Bi fipi hìsgfi ks bi rkspdmsinbk ckb trimspdrtk ck bi gmhdrlifgöm utgbgzimcd

 Ipb gfif göm skùibks hìsgfis (pdrticdris) quk pukckm skr pubsds kbçftrgfds,
kb çftrgfds, skùibks öptgfis d
Srimspdrtk
ck ricgd hrkfukmfgi.
Gmtkrmkt
Udr kstk ldtgvd, mds cktkmcrklds i kxilgmir bds prgmfgpibks lkcgds hìsgfds
 Iff ksd i ^kc
fdmsgckricds km bds dnoktgvds ckb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm? lkcgds ck trimslgsgöm
ck fdnrk, ck hgnri öptgfi k gmibélnrgfds.

Km fici cgspdsgtgvd tkrlgmib sk rkqugkrk um fdlpdmkmtk ck aircwirk quk ks bi

gmtkrhiz ck rkc (MGF) quk fdmkfti i bi tkrlgmib fdm bi rkc. Icklés ck bi pbifi ck
rkc y isdfgicd i bi lgsli, sk rkqugkrk um G^Y, umi cgrkffgöm G/D, um crgvkr ck
sdhtwirk y um kspifgd ck lkldrgi.

Vk utgbgzim cghkrkmtks lkcgds ck trimspdrtk ck bi skùib skjÿm kb tgpd ck pdrticdri?

•  Ibilnrks ck fdnrk.

•  Hgbilkmtds ck hgnri öptgfi.

•  Srimslgsgöm ck ricgdhrkfukmfgi sdnrk kb lkcgd itldshçrgfd.

Uéj. ;3  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

Lkcgds ck fdnrk

Bds dnoktgvds ckb kxilkm FFMI ^&V fdmsgckrim prgmfgpiblkmtk > tgpds ck lkcgds
ck fdnrk?

•  Finbk fdixgib.
Vk triti ck um finbk lktébgfd fdlpukstd pdr um ibli d fkmtrd fdmcuftdr
ck fdnrk rdckicd ck umi vigmi igsbimtk ck litkrgib pbéstgfd. Udr hukri ck
bi vigmi igsbimtk aiy umi libbi lktébgfi ck fdnrk d umi adoi lktébgfi quk
fdlpbkti kb fgrfugtd kbçftrgfd. Hgmiblkmtk, pdr hukri aiy um rkvkstglgkmtd
kxtkrmd ck pbéstgfd quk prdtkjk y fdmtgkmk kb fdmoumtd.
Aiy cghkrkmtks tgpds ck finbks fdixgibks, bds lés utgbgzicds km kb tkmcgcd
ck rkcks Ktakrmkt sdm?

d  Sagf`mkt d finbk fdixgib jruksd.

Finbk fdixgib ck ;5 dalgds utgbgzicd km kb tkmcgcd ck rkcks
Ktakrmkt 95Nisk;.

d  Sagmmkt d finbk fdixgib hgmd.

Finbk fdixgib ck ;5 dalgds utgbgzicd km kb tkmcgcd ck rkcks
Ktakrmkt 95Nisk>.

 Bi virgkcic y firiftkrìstgfis ck bds finbks fdixgibks ks lufad lés

ilpbgi, pkrd md ks dnoktd ck kstucgd piri kb kxilkm ck fkrtghgfifgöm.

•  Finbk ck pir trkmzicd ck fdnrk.

d  [SU.

d  VSU.

d  HSU.

Finbk ck pir trkmzicd ck fdnrk

Finbk kspkfgiblkmtk
cgskùicd piri rkcks ck
fdlumgfifgdmks quk
fdlngmi tçfmgfis ck
nbgmciok y fimfkbifgöm
ck rugcd kbçftrgfd quk
pkrlgtkm fdmtrdbir kb
prdnbkli ck
gmtkrhkrkmfgis
kbkftrdlijmçtgfis.

Vk fdlpdmk ck 1 agbds
(3 pirks) ck ibilnrk
ck fdnrk rkvkstgcds
fici
pirksumd
pirifdm umikbvigmi
bdjrir igsbimtk
khkftd ck pbéstgfd
ck fimfkbifgöm y ck cghkrkmtk
nbgmciok quk fdbdr y trkmzicds
bk ppkrlgtk
krlgtk ck i
rkfaizir
gmtkrhkrkmfgis kbkftrdlijmçtgfis y ck ricgdhrkfukmfgi.

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. ;; 
 

Aiy cghkrkmtks fitkjdrìis ck finbk [SU?

  Fit.6 ‖ Iptd piri rkcks 95Nisk-S.

•

  Fit. ; ‖ Iptd piri trimslgsgdmks ck aisti 955 Lnps fdm skjlkmtds ck

•

955 l. ck finbk.

  Fit. ;k ‖ Iptd piri gmstibifgdmks ck aisti 9 Jnps., fdm bdmjgtucks ck

•

aisti 955 l. pdr skjlkmtd ck finbk.

  Fit. 8 ‖ Vujkrgcd piri rkcks ck aisti 95 Jnps.

•

  Fit. 8i ‖ Iptd piri rkcks ck aisti 95 Jnps.0 limtgkmk bi pdsgngbgcic ck

• ck
trinioir fdm skjlkmtds ck finbks ck aisti 955 l.

  Fit. : ‖ [tgbgzicd km rkcks Ktakrmkt ck aisti 95 Jnps.

•

  Fit. 1 ‖ Vk utgbgzi km rkcks Ktakrmkt ck aisti 35 Jnps.

•

Fitkjdrìi Fit ;k Fit 8 Fit 8i Fit : Fit :i

Fipifgcic Léxgli 9 Jnps. 95 Jnps. 95 Jnps. 95 Jnps. 95 Jnps.
Hrkfukmfgi Léxgli 955 LAz. >;5 LAz. ;55 LAz. 855 LAz. 9555 LAz.
Ibfimfk Léxgld 955 l. ;; l. 955 l. 9; l. >5 l.

Fdmkftdrgzicd ^O-3;

Bi KGI/SGI ks kb drjimgsld ck kstimcirgzifgöm quk kstinbkfk bi mdrlitgvi

utgbgzici piri bi gmstibifgöm ckb ckmdlgmicd finbkicd kstrufturicd. Udr finbkicd
kstrufturicd kmtkmcklds umi gmstibifgöm ck finbkicd ck fdnrk y/d hgnri öptgfi
kstémcir quk iskjuri umi gmhrikstrufturi hìsgfi ck trimslgsgöm öptgli piri
fuibqugkr sgstkli ck fdlumgfifgdmks ck vdz, vgckd d citds.

Kb kstémcir KGI/SGI ;81

kstinbkfk bds pirélktrds
kstémcir piri finbkicd
kstrufturicd km kcghgfgds
fdlkrfgibks. KGI/SGI ;81-N.9
citi ck 9779, y huk rkvgsici km
977;, gmfdrpdrimcd bis
virgimtks I y N. Ks um kstémcir
ckhgmgcd drgjgmiblkmtk piri kb
fdmkftdrgzicd km kb finbkicd
tkbkhömgfd quk kspkfghgfi bis
firiftkrìstgfis hìsgfis ck bds
fdmkftdrks lifad y aklnri, ib
lgsld tgklpd quk bi
isgjmifgöm ck bds cghkrkmtks
finbks quk fdlpdmkm kb [SU.

Uéj. ;8  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖
 

[tgbgzi fdmkftdrks 1U1F quk pdr kxtkmsgöm rkfgnkm kb mdlnrk jkmçrgfd ck ^O-3;.

Bi isgjmifgöm ck bds finbks utgbgzicds km sgstklis Ktakrmkt ksté ckhgmgci pdr kb

kstémcir KGI/SGI-;81-N quk kstinbkfk cds hdrlitds nésgfds piri kb irlicd ck
hgfais ^O-3;? S;81 I y S;81 N.

Km fuibqugkri ck kstds ksquklis, fuimcd sk triti ck rkcks Ktakrmkt 95NiskS y

955NiskS, söbd sk utgbgzim bds pirks vkrck y mirimoi piri bi trimslgsgöm ck citds.
Km sgstklis Ktakrmkt ck Jgjingt, sk utgbgzim bds 3 pirks.

I pirtgr ck kstds > hdrlitds nésgfds sk pukckm irlir cghkrkmtks tgpds ck finbk
piri cgstgmtds usds.

Bds cgstgmtds tgpds ck finbk sk cghkrkmfgim pdr kb hdrlitd utgbgzicd km fici umd ck
sus kxtrklds?

•  Finbk Ckrkfad
[tgbgzi kb lgsld hdrlitd km ilnds kxtrklds ckb finbk. Uukck skr timtd
;81 I fdld ;81 N, bi fdmcgfgöm mkfksirgi ks quk ilnds kxtrklds skim
gjuibks.

•  Finbk Fruzicd
[tgbgzi cghkrkmtk hdrlitd km ilnds kxtrklds ckb finbk.
Km sgstklis Ktakrmkt 95NiskS y 955NiskS sk fruzim bds pgmks 9-> km um
kxtrkld fdm bds 6-8 km kb dtrd0 y bds pgmks 6-8 ckb prglkr kxtrkld fdm bds
9-> ckb dtrd. Jgjingt Ktakrmkt, i bd imtkrgdr sk rkqugkrk sulir quk bds pgmks
Km sgstklis

 ‖ v :.9 
IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖ Uéj. ;: 
 

3-; ck um kxtrkld sk frufkm fdm bds :-1 km kb dtrd, y bds pgmks :-1 ckb
prglkr kxtrkld fdm bds 3-; ckb dtrd.

 Uiri mdtir bi cghkrkmfgi kmtrk bds cds tgpds ck finbk sdstkmji ilnds
kxtrklds umd ib bicd ckb dtrd fdm kb bicd ckb fdmkftdr ck fici
kxtrkld aifgi ustkc. Ks um finbk ckrkfad sg fici umd ck bds dfad
pgmks fdrrkspdmck ib lgsld pgm km kb bicd dpukstd.
Ks um finbk fruzicd sg ibjumds ck bds ibilnrks km um kxtrkld ckb
finbk sk fruzim i um pgm cghkrkmtk km kb dtrd bicd ckb finbk.

•  Finbk Fdmsdbi
Kstk tgpd ck finbk md utgbgzi bis rkjbis ck KGI/SGI.
Km kstk fisd kb drckm ck bds ibilnrks km um kxtrkld ckb finbk ks kb
kspkod kxiftd ckb dtrd kxtrkld. Kb pgmicd km ilnds kxtrklds ks ggmvkrsd?
mvkrsd?
9->-6-3-;-8-:-1 km um kxtrkld, 1-:-8-;-3-6->-9 km kb dtrd.

Kb usd fdrrkftd ck fici tgpd ck finbk ks kb sgjugkmtk?

•  Finbk Ckrkfad?

d  ^dutkr i aun d swgtfa.

d  Vkrvgcdr i aun d swgtfa.

d  Kstifgöm ck triniod i aun d swgtfa.

•  Finbk Fruzicd?

d  [pbgm`s kmtrk swgtfaks.

d  Auns i swgtfaks.
d  Aun i aun.

Uéj. ;1  ‖ v :.9 

IU[MSK ^ÉUGCD FFMI >55-659 ‖