N° 644

_dttdmgrd 7065

Blndf cljdnslvf okmd edstlrd bf

pfbbf sokpdrtf odntrfbd
lnclrlzzfglbd ln fvfntl
cl Lvfn Mksohdbbf

Bf bdtturf d b'lntdrprdtfzlknd cdb rdpfrtk frrdtrftk olrof bd clvdrsd sltufzlknl tfttlohd ohd sl trkvf
fc fjjrkntfrd ln efrf.

Prlmk cl cldol numdrl cdbbf rugrlof, ourftf cfb tdonlok cdb Jo. Orktknd Lvfn Mksohdbbf, ohd sl kooupf cdbbf
cljdsf cl rdpfrtk. Bf rugrlof fnfblzzf l clvdrsl okmpkrtfmdntl ohd bf blndf cljdnslvf fttuf ln junzlknd cdl
clvdrsl okntdstl tfttlol ohd sl vdrljlofnk ln pfrtltf. Kenl numdrk vdrtdrà su unf sltufzlknd spdoljlof d cl dssf
vdrrà jfttf un fnfblsl cdttfeblftf.
Ln qudstf usoltf trfttdrdmk bf edstlknd cdbbf pfbbf sokpdrtf odntrfbd lnclrlzzftf llnn fvfntl pdr ebl fttfoofntl.

Jktk9 Plxfgfy.okm

WLZL_SF DBDSSWKNLOF CDBBF OF_F DCLSWLOD UUU.FBBDNFSKWD.NDS WDE. SWLGTNFBD CL BTOOF N° 584 CDB 64/05/0? _DCD ZLF D.JWFNOFBFNOL 368 ‟ 44043 GKYYFNK ( BT ) SDB. 0483 <5:484 - JFX 07?:76444:
CLWDSSKWD WD_PKN_FGLBD9 JDWWFWL JFGWLYLK
CLWDSSKWD DCLSKWLFBD9 BTOOHD_L MF__LMK
 Lvfn Mksohdbbf
Fbbdnftkrd prkjdsslknlstf TDJF, dx ofbolftkrd prkjdsslnlstf, B'fpprkjknclmdntk mdnslbd
ndbb“fnnk 7067/6? è stftk fbbdnftkrd cdl elkvfnlsslml nfzlknfbl
nfzl knfbl
cfb 706? è okbbfgkrftkrd tdonlok cdbbf prlmf squfcrf jo Orktknd.

Prlmf cl fnfblzzfrd ln mkck cdttfeblftk Vudstk fpprkoolk è cdtdrmlnfntd

l vfrl okmpkrtfmdntl cdbbf blndf ln rdf-
zlknd f cdtdrmlnftd sltufzlknl cl elkok
dbdnohlfmk l vfrl prlnolpl edndrfbl sul
qufbl sl rdeeknk ebl fttdeelfmdntl cdb
rdpfrtk cljdnslvk.
‒Cljdsf cl rdpfrtk ln gfsd fbb'fvvdr-
sfrlk”
fjjlnohì lb elkoftkrd pkssf rloknksodrd bd
vfrld sltufzlknl cl elkok, bd qufbl,
nknkstfntd vdnefnk prkpkstd d rlpdtutd
ln fbbdnfmdntk fvrfnnk sdmprd cdbbd
vfrlfglbl ckvutd fb tdmpk, fbbk spfzlk,
fbbf qufbltà cdbb'fvvdrsfrlk, fb rlsubtftk,
f jfttkrl fmgldntfbl dto..

Prlnolpl edndrfbl9 tuttl l mkvlmdntl cdvk- Wdpfrtk9

nk tdndrd okntk cdl prlnolpl cl cljdsf cl f) _olvkbfmdntl9 bftdrfbl, fvfntl/cldtrk,
rdpfrtk, mf bf vdbkoltà cdbbd sofbftd d bf clfeknfbl1
clstfnzf cl okpdrturf, vfrlfnk f sdokncf g) Plrfmlcd9 unk fttfoof (jfodnck
cdb mkvlmdntk cdbb'fvvdrsfrlk, ln prftl- fttdnzlknd sd b'fvvdrsfrlk okntrkbbf d
of sl pu÷ ohlfmfrd9‒cljdsf cl rdpfrtk ln pfssf, elkof cl prlmf k okncuod), trd
rdbfzlknd fbb'fvvdrsfrlk krldntftf su9 okprknk1
o) Ofmgl elkok9 fbbd spfbbd k cfvfntl.
pfbbf - pkrtf - fvvdrsfrlk - okmpfenk,
lnvdod cl9 _kttk kgldttlvl9
pfbbf - pkrtf - okmpfenk - fvvdrsfrlk. 6) Tnk-cud lntdrnk (skttk)1
7) unk-cud dstdrnk (skprf)1
Bf cljdsf cl rdpfrtk ln rdbfzlknd febl ?) fttfook fbbf pfrtd oldof (jukrl blndf)1
fvvdrsfrl, rlspdttf l okclol ofnknlol cl 3) tfeblk (lntdrsofmglk trf tdrzlnk d d
unf cljdsf cl rdpfrtk, ln feeluntf fl cljdnskrd odntrfbd)1
qufbl fssumknk pfrtlokbfrd lmpkrtfnzf 4) okrtk bunek lnclvlcufbd.
l prlnolpl d l skttk-prlnolp
skttk-prlnolpll ohd rleufrcf- Ln tuttl l ofsl ohd fncrdmk f vfbutfrd
nk lb okmpkrtfmdntk cdb slnekbk elkof- tdrrdmk okntk cdb slnekbk
tkrd. okmpkrtfmdntk cdb cljdnskrd d cdb
Lb cljdnskrd cdvd rloknksodrd bd sltufzlk- rdpfrtk, okn bf okstfntd ohd rdekbf
nl cl elkok d rlspdttfnck bd blndd eulcf b“fttdeelfmdntk plü k mdnk feerdsslvk9
ohd rdncknk lb rdpfrtk un unlok dbdmdn- plü o“è prkjkncltà, mdnk sl è feerdsslvl.
tk pdnsfntd, lntdrprdtf d bdeed futkmf- Lnkbtrd l cljdnskrl ckvrfnnk fnohd sfpdr
tlofmdntd. bdeedrd bf clstfnzf ohd o“è trf lb pfbbknd
d bf pkrtf d trf lb rlodvdntd d bf pkrtf,
Oksf fbbdnfrd; vlstk ohd un fbtrk fspdttk cl oul tdndr
Ln prlmls, sdoknck md, vfnnk fbbdnftd okntk è9 mdnk clstfnzf = mdnk tdmpk
bd ofpfoltà cdb slnekbk elkoftkrd9 pkstu- d spfzlk pdr rlmdclfrd fc un dvdntufbd
rf, pkslzlknfmdntk, 6 vs 6, 7 vs 6, doo., drrkrd.

kvvdrk bf tfttlof lnclvlcufbd.

F sdeulrd vdrrfnnk fnfblzzftd sltufzlknl
spdoljlohd d l vfrl okmpkrtfmdntl cdbbf
blndf cljdnslvf.

7
 B'fpprkjknclmdntk mdnslbd

PFBBF _OKPDWSF ODNSWFBD, feerdsslknd sd lb pfbbknd vldnd elkoftk

LNCLWLYYFSF LN FZFNSL.
FZFNSL. subb“fttfoofntd ohd jf un mkvlmdntk
lnokntrk.
Pfbbf sokpdrtf ln pkssdssk cl un fvvdrsfrlk Ln rdfbtà clpdncd fnohd cfbbd ofrfttdrl-
pkstk ln zknf oodntrfbd,
dntrfbd, cl jrkntd f
fbbf
bbf blndf stlohd jlslohd, tdonlohd, tfttlohd cdbb“fv-
cdl odntrkofmplstl (d qulncl f unf odrtf vdrsfrlk d cdl nkstrl cljdnskrl.
clstfnzf cfbbf blndf cljdnslvf) d bkntfnk
cfbbf pkrtf (ndl prdssl cdbbf mdtà ofmpk). Okmunqud lb oknodttk è9 plü sl è vlolnl
Bf squfcrf fvvdrs
fvvdrsfrlf
frlf clspknd cl cud
fbbf pkrtf mdnk clstfnzf cl ‒slourdzzf”
fttfoofntl ohd sl mukvknk unk bunek d unk
prdncd lb cljdnskrd.
okrtk9
f) bf pfbbf vldnd lnclrlzzftf sul pldcl cdb
elkoftkrd lnokntrk1 _ltufzlknd F (jrdoolf ndrf lmmfelnd F)
g) pfbbf vldnd lnclrlzzftf sub elkoftkrd ohd Lb odntrkofmplstf trfsmdttd lb pfbbknd
fttfoof bf prkjkncltà. subb“fttfoofntd ohd sjruttfnck lb mkvl-
mdntk bunek-okrtk, vldnd lnokntrk.
Lmmfelnd F F qudstk puntk lb cljdnskrd cl jrkntd
fbb'fttfoofntd rlodvdntd, nkrmfbmdntd
un cljdnskrd odntrfbd, dsod vdbkodmdntd

8
7 ln prdsslknd pdr tkebldrd
tkebldr d tdmpk d spfzlk,
mdntrd ebl fbtrl trd, strlneknk (plrfmlcd
66
:
3 cljdnslvf) d vfbutdrfnnk dvdntufbmdntd
3
< 4 cl bfsolfrd b“fvvdrsfrlk ohd hf fttfooftk
5
bf prkjkncltà ln jukrl elkok (qudst'ubtlmf
?

sodbtf cdvd dssdrd unf oknsdeudnzf

L 3 cljdnskrl okntrk un fvvdrsfrlk ohd
clspknd cl 7 fttfoofntl, ckvrfnnk stfrd
un pk' plü strdttl pdrohì, cl jfttk, sl
okstltulsod un 7 vs 7 odntrfbmdntd,
qulncl sdrvd unf bdeedrf okpdrturf (sub-
bf stdssf blndf) pdr dvltfrd cl dssdrd
gfttutl fbbd spfbbd (prkjkncltà) d cl sugl-
rd un jukrl blndf jrf lb cljdnskrd odntrfbd
d lb tdrzlnk. Ndbbk spdoljlok, l cljdnskrl,
ckvrfnnk prdvdntlvfmdntd clspkrsl okn
bf pksturf d bf elustf clstfnzf cfebl
fttfoofntl pdr dvltfrd cl dssdrd gfttutl
fbbd spfbbd.
cdbbf bdtturf d nkn slstdmftlof).
Lb cljdnskrd odntrfbd ln prdsslknd subb“ft-
tfoofntd ckvrà lntdrprdtfrd 6 vs 6, (ohd
pu÷ dssdrd cl spfbbd, jrkntfbd, cf jdr-
mk).
B'fttdeelfmdntk sfrà feerdsslvk jlnk f
qufnck b'fvvdrsfrlk rlmfnd ln pkssdssk
cdb pfbbknd, sdeudnckbk fnohd sd sl
spkstf bunek lb jrkntd cdbb“fttfook (ohlf-
rfmdntd sd vf vdrsk l odntrkofmplstl ol
sfrà unk sofmglk) d unf vkbtf ohd b“ft-
tfoofntd sl sfrà blgdrftk cdb pfbbknd,
ckvrà rldntrfrd ndbbf blndf vdbkodmdntd
ndb pkstk plü vlolnk rlmfndnck f cljdn-
cdrd ln qudbbf pkslzlknd, jlnk f qufnck
nkn ol sfrà bf pksslglbltà cl ofmglfrd.

Vufb è bf clstfnzf elustf;

Ln edndrd sl clod slf elustf qudbbf cl- F sdokncf cdb tlpk cl elkoftf ohd jfrà b'
stfnzf ohd tl pdrmdttd cl okprlrd bf fttfoofntd ln pkssdssk, bf blndf fvrà un
prkjkncltà d cl usolrd sugltk jukrl ln okmpkrtfmdntk spdoljlok.
?
 B'fpprkjknclmdntk mdnslbd

_ltufzlknd G (jrdoolf rkssf lmmfelnd Lb elkoftkrd stf pdr rlodvdrd lb pfbbknd

F).
Lb odntrkofmplstf hf ‒prdmlftk” b“fttfook
clrdttk, bf prkjkncltà. Bf blndf,
fttdndncksl fbbf ‒rdekbf” plü prkjkncltà
= mdnk feerdsslvltà, cdvd bdeedrd
qudstk tlpk cl fttfook, pklohì lb plü
pdrlokbksk. Cdvd qulncl strlnedrd d
‒sofppfrd” (lmgutk cljdnslvk) un ftt
fttlmk
lmk
prlmf ohd
ohd pfrtf lb pfbbknd
pfbbknd,, ln mkck tfbd
cf bdvfrd prkjkncltà, pkslzlknfncksl pdr÷
nkn trkppk clstfntd cfebl fvvdrsfrl
odntrfbmdntd, cl jrkntd fbbf blndf cdl
odntrkofmplstl, clstfntd cfbbf blndf
cljdnslvf d cfbbf pkrtf, ebl fttfoofntl sl
mukvknk ln okrtk-bunek d bunek-okrtk,
lb odntrkofmplstf elkof unf pfbbf
lmprkvvlsf fbbf ”SKSSL”.
Odbdgrlfmk un erfncd ofmplknd okn
qudstd lmmfelnl.
Lmmfelnd 6

(oknslcdrfncknd fnohd bd qufbltà).

_d qudstk vldnd jfttk fb tdmpk elustk sl
dvltf fnohd b“lntdrsofmglk jrf l cud
cljdnskrl odntrfbl (olkè bk sofmglk cl
pkslzlknd), sd okmunqud ol÷ ckvdssd
fvvdnlrd, ofmgldrfnnk bf bkrk pkslzlknd
qufnck od nd sfrà bf pksslglbltà.
Bf pfbbf è ln pkssdssk cdb cljdnskrd odntrfbd,
odntrfbd, Skttl
Skttl sl fggfssf
subbf blndf cl odntrkofmpk.
Ÿ Pfbbf sokpdrtf ohd stf pdr dssdrd rlodvutf
cf un fvvdrsfrlk pkstk ln zknf odntrfbd, cl
Lmmfelnd 7
jrkntd fbbf blndf cdl odnt
odntrkofmplstl
rkofmplstl (d quln-
cl f unf odrtf clstfnzf cfbbf blndf cljdnsl-
Skttl
vf) d bkntfnk cfbbf pkrtf (ndl prdssl cdbbf
mdtà ofmpk), ohd pu÷ djjdttufrd unf unf
elkoftf lmprkvvlsf. (lmmfelnd g). g).
Bf squfcrf fvvdrsf
fvvdrsfrlf
rlf clspknd cl cud
fttfoofntl ohd sl mukvknk unk bunek d unk
okrtk9
f) bf pfbbf vldnd lnclrlzzftf sul pldcl cdb Prlmf ohd frrlvl fb pfbbf sl pkslzlknf elà okn lb okrpk okn unf
pksturf ohd ebl pdrmdttf cl pktdr djjdttufrd un bfnolk cl
elkoftkrd lnokntrk1 prlmf. Lb odntrkofmplstf fvvdrsfrlk nkn rldsod f pkrtfrd
g) bf pfbbf vldnd lnclrlzzftf sub elkoftkrd prdsslknd sub ofpltfnk elfbbkrkssk.
ohd fttfoof bf prkjkncltà.
Lmmfelnd ?
Lmmfelnd G

7
8

66
:
3
3
< 4

5
? Fb mkmdntk cdb bfnolk
bfnolk bf blndf cljdnslvf è fggfstfnzf vlolnf
f Skttl d nkn stf fnokrf sofppfnck. Nkn fspdttfncksl qudstf
7
elkoftf lmprkvvlsf, bf blndf nkn hf bdttk lb elustk mkmdntk
pdr sofppfrd.

3

B'fttfoofntd cdbbf Wkmf oknksodnck lnvdod bd lntdnzlknl cdb
numdrk 60 fttfoof bf prkjkncltà okn un tdmpk cl fntlolpk
rlspdttk fbbf blndf d sl prdsdntf cf skbk fbbf oknobuslknd.
Vudstf è bf elkoftf lmprkvvlsf, ohd
cdvd dssdrd bdttf okmd unf pfbbf sok-
pdrtf, skprfttuttk ln prdsdnzf cl elkof-
tkrl okn cdtdrmlnftd ofrfttdrlstlohd
tdonlohd. Zlstk ohd nkn sdmprd sl hf bf
pksslglbltà cl oknksodrd b“fvvdrsfrlk, bf
blndf cdvd okmunqud okmpkrtfrsl okmd
sd sl trfttfssd cl unf pfbbf sokpdrtf,
kvvdrk9 strdttl okn bf pksturf prdclspk-
stf f tkebldrd prkjkncltà d sd lb pfbbknd
vldnd lnclrlzzftk sub elkoftkrd ohd è
fncftk lnokntrk, dsod lb cljdnskrd cl
rljdrlmdntk, okn qudbbk ohd nd oknsdeud
(plrfmlcd, 6 vs 6, rldntrk vdbkod ndbbf
blndf). _d lnvdod lb pfbbknd è lnclrlzzftk
fb elkoftkrd ohd hf fttfooftk bf prkjkn-
cltà, bf blndf sofppf d strlned (lmgutk
cljdnslvk). Bf cljjlokbtà mfeelkrd pdr l
cljdnskrl, vlstf b'lmprdvdclglbltà cdbbf
elkoftf, rlsldcd ndb rlusolrd f bdeedrd d
ofplrd b'lntdnzlknd cdb fvvdrsfrlk okn un
tdmpk lckndk.
FCD__K ZFBTSDWDMK L CTD OF_L
PWDODCDNSL MF FC TNF FBSDYYF
CL OFMPK CLZDW_F9
SWDVTFWSLOFMPK
Pfbbf sokpdrtf ln pkssdssk cl un fvvdrsfrlk
pkstk ln zknf odntrfbd, cl jrkntd fbbf blndf
cdl odntrkofmplstl (d qulncl f unf odrtf
clstfnzf cfbbf blndf cljdnslvf) d nkn trkppk
bkntfnk cfbbf pkrtf (subbf trdqufrtl ofmpk).
4
B'fpprkjknclmdntk mdnslbd
Bf squfcrf fvvdrs
fvvdrsfrlf
frlf clspknd cl cud
fttfoofntl ohd sl mukvknk unk bunek d unk
okrtk9
f) bf pfbbf vldnd lnclrlzzftf sul pldcl cdb
elkoftkrd lnokntrk1
g) bf pfbbf vldnd lnclrlzzftf sub elkoftkrd
ohd fttfoof bf prkjkncltà.
Lmmfelnd O
7
8
:
66
3
3
4
5
<
?
7
Bf blndf cljdnslvf ckvrà dssdrd strdttf,
okn l tdrzlnl rlvkbtl vdrsk bf pfbbf d okn
unf pksturf ohd pdrmdttf bkrk cl sofp-
pfrd ohlucdnck vdrsk bf pkrtf, ln mkck
tfbd cf pdrmdttdrd fl cljdnskrl odntrfbl
cl dssdrd bdeedrmdntd plü feerdsslvl ln
fvfntl qufbkrf od nd jkssd glskenk.
Lb bkrk pdnsldrk prlnolpfbd rlmfnd qudbbk
cl nkn dssdrd gfttutl fbbd spfbbd, mf
vlstk ohd bf clstfnzf cfbbf pkrtf nkn è
mkbtf d ol sl pu÷ fvvfbdrd cdbb“flutk cdb
pkrtldrd, l cljdnskrd odntrfbl pkssknk
fvdrd un fttdeelfmdntk mdnk prucdntd
d plü feerdsslvk
_ltufzlknd F (jrdoolf ndrf lmmfelnd O)
_d rlodvd lb elkoftkrd ohd è fncftk ln-
okntrk, dsod jukrl lb cljdnskrd odntrfbd cl
rljdrlmdntk sfpdnck ohd cdvd lmmdclf-
tfmdntd tkebldrd tdmpk d spfzlk cl elk-
oftf, pklohì qudstf clstfnzf nkn tl
pdrmdttd cl rdoupdrfrd un dvdntufbd
guok jrf bf blndf. Zlstf bf rdekbf ‒mdnk
clstfnzf = mdnk spfzlk d tdmpk pdr
rlmdclfrd”, è cdtdrmlnfntd lb cljdnskrd
ohd vf ln usoltf vdbkod ndbb“6 vs 6.
 B'fpprkjknclmdntk mdnslbd

Ohlfrfmdntd ebl fbtrl trd strlneknk d Lb okmpkrtfmdntk cdbbf blndf cljdnslvf

ohlucknk bd trfldttkrld cl pfssfeelk
(plrfmlcd cljdnslvf).
_ltufzlknd G (jrdoolf rkssf lmmfelnd
o). _d lb pfbbknd è lnclrlzzftk sub
elkoftkrd ohd vf ln prkjkncltà, è
jkncfmdntfbd lb pkslzlknfmdntk tdnutk
prdvdntlvfmdntd cf tuttf bf blndf. L cud
prdvdntlvfmdntd
tdrzlnl hfnnk fssuntk unf pkslzlknd cl
eufrclf ln rdbfzlknd fl cljdnskrl odntrfbl
(strdttl, rlvkbtl vdrsk lb pfbbknd d prkntl f
sofppfrd vdrsk bf pkrtf, strlnedncksl fc
lmgutk)1 l cud cljdnskrl odntrfbl
tdncdnzlfbmdntd sl prdncknk mdnk
spfzlk ndl oknjrkntl cdbb“fvvdrsf
cdbb“fvvdrsfrlk,
rlk,
okmunqud sknk sdmprd prkntl f
sofppfrd cldtrk d b“flutk cdb pkrtldrd ol
pdrmdttd cl fvdrd bf pksslglbltà cl rlcurrd
f pdrlokbksltà cdbb“fttfook clrdttk.
Ÿ Pfbbf sokpdrtf ohd stf pdr dssdrd rlodvutf cf
un fvvdrsfrlk pkstk ln zknf odntrfbd, cl
jrkntd fbbf blndf cdl odntrkofmplstl (d quln-
cl f unf odrtf clstfnzf cfbbf blndf cljdnslvf)
ln rdfzlknd fc unf pfbbf lmprkvvlsf
ndbbf stdssf pkslzlknd cl ofmpk cdbbf
sltufzlknd prdodcdntd sknk ebl stdssl.
D' dvlcdntd ohd l elkoftkrl ohd okmpkn-
eknk bf blndf cdvknk dssdrd fbbdnftl f
ofrplrd sd lb elkoftkrd pu÷ djjdttufrd
tfbd elkoftf.
Ÿ Pfbbf sokpdrtf ln pkssdssk cl un fvvdrsfrlk
ln zknf odntrfbd, cl jrkntd fbbf blndf cdl odn-
trkofmplstl (d qulncl f unf odrtf clstfnzf
cfbbf blndf cljdnslvf) d bkntfnk cfbbf pkrtf
(ndl prdssl cdbbf mdtà ofmpk).
Bf squfcrf fvvdrsfrlf clspknd cl cud fttfo-
ofntl okn lb elkoftkrd vlolnk ohd sl mukvd
lnokntrk9
f) bf pfbbf vldnd lnclrlzzftf sul pldcl cdb
elkoftkrd bkntfnk, okn lb elkoftkrd vlolnk
ohd ruktfnck sl mukvd f skstdenk1
g) bf pfbbf vldnd lnclrlzzftf sul pldcl cdb
elkoftkrd bkntfnk, okn lb elkoftkrd vlolnk
ohd ofmglf clrdzlknd d fttfoof bf prkjkncltà.
Lmmfelnd D

d nkn trkppk bkntfnk cfbbf pkrtf (subbf trd-

qufrtl ofmpk) ohd djjdttuf unf elkoftf lm-
prkvvlsf (lmmfelnd
(lmmfelnd C). C).
Bf squfcrf fvvdrsfrlf clspknd cl cud fttfo- 8 7

ofntl ohd sl mukvknk unk bunek d unk okrtk9 3

66 :

f) bf pfbbf vldnd lnclrlzzftf sul pldcl cdb 3 < 4

elkoftkrd lnokntrk1 5

?
g) bf pfbbf vldnd lnclrlzzftf sub elkoftkrd ohd
fttfoof bf prkjkncltà.

Lmmfelnd C

Ln qudstf sltufzlknd bf blndf sl strlned.

sltufzlknd F, (jrdoolf ndrf lmmfelnd
7

8
D).
66
: Lb cljdnskrd odntrfbd fjjrkntf un 6 vs 6
3
3 okn b“fvvdrsfrlk ohd hf pfbbf cl spfbbd,
< 4

5
?
ebl fbtrl nkn jfnnk unf okpdrturf
prkjkncf, slf pdrohì ndssunk è
5 prdclspkstk fc fttfoofrd bf prkjkncltà
slf pdrohì lb mkvlmdntk cdbb“fbtrk
:
 B'fpprkjknclmdntk mdnslbd

fttfoofntd ohd elrf skttk rlohlfmf elkoftkrd bkntfnk, okn lb elkoftkrd vlolnk
b“fttdnzlknd cdbb“fbtrk cljdnskrd odntrfbd ohd ofmglf clrdzlknd d fttfoof bf prkjkncltà.
d cdb tdrzlnk cl pfrtd, pklohì pkssknk
dssdrd ohlfmftl ln ofusf cfbb“dvdntufbd Lmmfelnd J

sofrlok d cfbbf sodbtf cdbb“fvvdrsfrlk cl

fncfrd f cdstrf k f slnlstrf. Lmpkrtfntd
skttkblndfrd ohd sd bk sofrlok è okrtk lb
7
cljdnskrd odntrfbd ohd drf ln prdsslknd 8

pu÷ okntlnufrd b“feerdsslknd

b“feerdsslknd.. 3 66 :

_ltufzlknd G (jrdoolf rkssf lmmfelnd 3 < 4

5
D). ?

B'fttfoofntd bkntfnk rlodvd d lb

okmpfenk ohd drf f skstdenk fttfoof bf
prkjkncltà.
Lb cljdnskrd odntrfbd cl rljdrlmdntk
fttfoof b“fvvdrsfrlk
b“fvvdrsfr lk ohd stf pdr rlodvdrd,
l trd cljdnskrl strlneknk d bdeeknk lb
mkvlmdntk cl fttfook fbbf prkjkncltà
cdbb“fvvdrsfrlk d bk fsskrgknk, tdndnck
okntk ohd b“fvvdrsfrlk ohd stf pdr
rlodvdrd pu÷ elko
elkofrd
frd unf pfbbf cl prlmf
kbtrd bf blndf, qulncl sl prdkooupfnk cl
sdeulrd b“lnsdrlmdntk
b“lnsdrlmdntk..
Vufbkrf lnvdod b“fvvdrsfrlk ohd stf pdr
rlodvdrd nkn rldsof f elkofrd cl prlmf
vdrsk lb okmpfenk dc è okstrdttk f
tdndrd lb pfbbknd, erfzld fbbf prdsslknd
cdb cljdnskrd ln feerdsslknd, l trd
cljdnskrl ohd hfnnk fsskrgltk
b“lnsdrlmdntk, sl jdrmfnk d bfsolfnk
b“fvvdrsfrlk ohd è fncftk kbt
kbtrd
rd bf blndf.
Ÿ Pfbbf sokpdrtf ln pkssdssk cl un fvvdrsfrlk
pkstk ln zknf odntrfbd, cl jrkntd fbbf blndf cdl
odntrkofmplstl (d qulncl f unf odrtf clstfnzf
cfbbf blndf cljdnslvf) d nkn trkppk bkntfnk
cfbbf pkrtf (subbf trdqufrtl ofmpk).
(lmmfelnd J). J).
Bf squfcrf fvvdrsfrlf clspknd cl cud
fttfoofntl okn lb elkoftkrd vlolnk ohd sl
mukvd lnokntrk9
f) bf pfbbf vldnd lnclrlzzftf sul pldcl cdb
elkoftkrd bkntfnk, okn lb elkoftkrd vlolnk ohd
ruktfnck sl mukvd f skstdenk1
g) bf pfbbf vldnd lnclrlzzftf sul pldcl cdb
5
Ndb ofsk bf elkoftf fvvdnef plü vlolnk
fbbf pkrtf (trdqufrtl), lb okmpkrtfmd
okmpkrtfmdntk
ntk
cdbbf blndf, rlmfnd bk stdssk cfb puntk cl
vlstf tfttlok rlspdttk fbbf sltufzlknd
prdodcdntd mf ofmglf cfb pu puntk
ntk cl vlstf
mdntfbd. B'fttdeelfmdn
B'fttdeelfmdntk tk sfrà plü
feerdsslvk, pklohì bf clstfnzf cl
‒slourdz
‒slourdzzf”
zf” ohd l cljdn
cljdnskrl
skrl sl prdn
prdncdrfn
cdrfnnk
nk
pdr nkn dssdrd gfttutl fbbd spfbbd sfrà
mlnkrd. Lb cljdnskrd odntrfbd ohd sfrà
ohlfmftk ln ofusf d fncrà ln prdsslknd
subb“fttfoofntd ohd stf pdr rlodvdrd,
ckvrà vdbkodmdntd fookrolfrd bf clstfnzf
dc frrlvfrd qufsl slmubtfndfmdntd fbbf
pfbbf, mdntrd l okmpfenl cl rdpfrtk
strlneknk d bdeeknk lb pksslglbd
lnsdrlmdntk cl un sdoknck ukmk.
Dvdntufbmdntd
Dvdntufbmdn td unk cdl cud cljdnskrl plü
vlolnl fb cljdnskrd odntrfbd ohd è ln
prdsslknd, cdvd rfcckpplfrd f sdokncf
sd b“fttfoofntd vf f cdstrf k slnlstrf, k
usolrd jkrtd su unk sofrlok.
_d pdr÷ lb pfssfeelk è okrtk lb cljdnskrd
odntrfbd okntlnuf b“feerdsslknd su okbul
ohd hf rlodvutk bk sofrlok. Wlmfnd
sdmprd vlvk lb oknodttk ohd jln qufnck
b'fvvdrsfrlk nkn sofrlof lb pfbbknd, lb
cljdnskrd ohd è ln feerdsslknd rlmfnd
‒fttfooftk” fb pkssdsskrd
pkssdsskrd..
 B'fpprkjknclmdntk mdnslbd

Ÿ Pfbbf sokpdrtf ln pkssdssk cl un fvvdrsfrlk Ndbbf sltufzlknd prdsf ln oknslcdrfzlkn

oknslcdrfzlkndd
pkstk ln zknf odntrfbd, cl jrkntd fbbf blndf cdl bf elkoftf
elkoftf plü pdrlokbksf è b“fttfook fbbf
odntrkofmplstl (d qulncl f unf odrtf clstfnzf prkjkncltà cdbb“fbf kppkstf.
cfbbf blndf cljdnslvf) d bkntfnk cfbbf pkrtf Cl oknsdeudnzf lb tdrzlnk fssumdrà unf
(ndl prdssl cdbbf mdtà ofmpk). (lmmfelnd pksturf ohd ebl pdrmdttdrà cl vdcdrd slf
E). bf blndf ohd b“fvvdrsfrlk, mf okmunqud
Bf squfcrf fvvdrsfrlf clspknd cl trd
fggfstfnzf vlolnk fbb“fbf, vlstk ohd fb
fttfoofntl. B'fbf sub bftk jkrtd rlmfnd fpdrtf odntrk o“è un 7 vs 6 d nkn sdrvd unf
pdr rlodvdrd sul pldcl, lb odntrfvfntl vldnd
okpdrturf foodntuftf. Lb cljdnskrd
lnokntrk d b'fbf sub bftk cdgkbd fttfoof bf
odntrfbd cl pfrtd sfrà bdeedrmdntd plü
prkjkncltà.
feerdsslvk sub odntrfvfntl, mdntrd b“fbtrk
Lmmfelnd E jfrà okpdrturf fb odntrk, pdrohì lb
mkvlmdntk cdb odntrfvfntl pu÷ dssdrd
prdpfrftkrlk fbb“fttfook clrdttk cdbb“fbf
kppkstf d qulncl pdr ordfrd un guok
8 66
7
odntrfbd.
:
Ln qudstk mkck lb cljdnskrd odntrfbd ohd
3 rlmfnd ln okpdrturf pu÷ lntdrvdnlrd slf
<
4
3
5
su unf pfbbf prkjkncf odntrfbd ohd su
?
unf pfbbf prk
prkjkncf
jkncf bftdrfbd, lnsldmd fb
tdrzlnk kppkstk ohd hf bdttk lb tfeblk
5
cdbb“fbf.
Lb tdrzlnk cl pfrtd, ckvrà dssdrd mkbtk
Vufnck sl fjjrkntf unf squfcrf ohd feerdsslvk subb“ fbf, qulncl sfrà
sohldrf trd fttfoofntl, (7 fbl d 6 fggfstfnzf
odntrfvfntl), vlstk lb prlnolplk vlolnk, ln
sdoknck lb qufbd bf blndf cljdncd mkck cf
cl rdpfrtk mf ln rdbfzlknd f r r l v f r d
fbb“fvvdrsfrlk, bd clstfnzd vdbkodmdntd subbf
sfrfnnk vfbutftd f sdokncf trfsmlsslknd d
cdbbf pkslzlknd plü k mdnk fjjrkntfrbk ln un
bfref cdebl fttfoofntl. 6 vs 6.
_l jkrmdrfnnk qulncl _d lnvdod
cdebl 6 vs 6 ln jfsolf lb pfbbknd
d un 7 vs 6 fb odntrk. vldnd elkoftk odntrfbmdntd lb
Ohlfrfmdntd, bf tdrzlnk strlned fbblndfncksl
clstfnzf okn okn l okmpfenl.
b“fvvdrsfrlk d Jktk9 _huttdrstkoa.okm - Zbfc6<88

okn l
okmpfenl
clpdncdrà
sdmprd cfbbf zknf ln
oul sl trkvf lb pfbbknd,
sd odntrfbd k bftdrfbd.
8
 B'fpprkjknclmdntk mdnslbd

Ÿ Pfbbf sokpdrtf ln pkssdssk cl un fvvdrsfrlk mkvlmdntk jukrl blndf d b“fbf kppkstf

pkstk ln zknf odntrfbd, cl jrkntd fbbf blndf cdl
odntrkofmplstl (d qulncl f unf odrtf clstfnzf
cfbbf blndf cljdnslvf) d nkn trkppk bkntfnk
cfbbf pkrtf (subbf trdqufrtl ofmpk).
Bf squfcrf fvvdrsfrlf clspknd cl trd
fttfoofntl. B'fbf sub bftk jkrtd rlmfnd fpdrtf
pdr rlodvdrd sul pldcl, lb odntrfvfntl sl fprd
(jukrl-blndf) d fttfoof bf prkjkncltà mdntrd
b'fbf sub bftk cdgkbd dntrf trf bd blndd
(lmmfelnd H). H).
Lmmfelnd H
66
7
dntrf cdntrk.
Vul lntdrvldnd bf ofpfoltà cl bdtturf cdb
cljdnskrd odntrfbd ohd suglsod lb ju jukrl
krl
blndf d cdb tdrzlnk kppkstk, lb qufbd sdeud
cdntrk pdr un pk' b“fbf kppkstf mf nkn
spdzzf bf blndf, rlmfndnck subbf blndf cdl
7 cljdnskrl odntrfbl d junednck skbk cf
vfbvkbf cl slourdzzf.
Lb pfssfeelk sub mkvlmdntk jukrl blndf
ckvrà dssdrd bdttk d rlskbtk cfb cljdnskrd
ohd bk suglsod, mf fvrà b“flutk cdb tdrzlnk
ohd bfsolftf b“fbf, sofppdrà, strlnednck
pdr tkebldrd prkjkncltà d cfrd okpdrturf
fb cljdnskrd odntrfbd.

8 _d lnvdod lb pfbbknd vldnd lnclrlzzftk

3
<
: subb“fbf cdntrk fb ofmpk, lb tdrzlnk usolrà
tkebldnck tdmpk d spfzlk.
4
3 5
Lb tdrzlnk bftk pfbbf rlmfrrà ln un prlmk
?
mkmdntk un pk plü fpdrtk vdrsk b'fbf,
5
unf vkbtf ohd bf pfbbf è stftf elkoftf
cdntrk kvvlfmdntd strlnedrà fbblndfncksl
fl okmpfenl cl rdpfrtk.
Ln qudstf sltufzlknd bf clstfnzf cfbbf Bd lmmfelnl f okrrdck cdbb“frtlokbk sknk trfttd cfbbf pfrtltf trfsmdssf
pkrtf è mlnkrd ((¾),
¾), lb odntrf
odntrfvfntl
vfntl jf un bk sokrsk fnnk cf _ay.

Jktk9 _huttdrstkoa.okm - Mfroln Afczlkbaf

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