Final Module 3 in Drugs Education Contriol AutoRecovered AutoRecovered

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Second Semester UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE, INC.,

S.Y. 2021 – 2022 College of Criminology
MODULE 2
VICE AND DRUG EDUCATION CONTROL
LESSON 1. Forms of Drugs

LESSON 2. Salient Provisions of Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act
LESSON 3. Program for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug Dependents
LESSON 4: Role of Community and Institutions in the Enforcement of RA 9165
LESSON 5: Vice Control
Prepared by:
JHODYPOL P. RIVERA
Instructor
Endorsed for Checking by:
MRS. GILDA C. OCTAVO, PH.D. Crim.

College Dean
Approved by:
MADEILYN B. ESTACIO, PH.D.

Vice President for Academics
Provision on Copyright Infringement: This module is for the exclusive use of the University of La Salette, Inc., and property
of the College of Criminology. Any form of copying, reproduction, distribution, uploading and/or posting online either partial
or whole in any form or by any means without the consent of the writer is strictly prohibited.
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GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
1. This Module is composed of Introduction, Module Mapping, Learning Outcomes, Pre-

Test, Learning Content, Activities, Evaluation and References;
2. Read first the Introduction, Module Mapping and Learning Outcomes for you to have
an idea on the content of the Module and what Learning Outcomes you need to
achieve at the end of the Module;
3. Answer first the Pre-Test part before you proceed reading the Learning Content
(Lecture) to gauge how wide your horizon about the subject and the topics. Do not
leave this part unanswered because it will be recorded; Read first the Learning
Content (Lecture) before you proceed to answer the given activity/ies, and the Course
Evaluation;
4. The books used in this Module are posted below for your reference and perusal if you
want to read more topics about this subject;
5. Always read and analyze every instruction in the Module for you to follow the
procedures correctly;
6. Erasures, superimpositions, and unnecessary markings are strictly prohibited to
prevent the Module from being untidy. Any erasures, superimpositions, and
unnecessary markings will be deducted to the score; and
7. Only the Answer sheet will be submitted during the date of submission.
INTRODUCTION
Drug abuse affects almost all countries of the world. In the our country, it has reached
epidemic proportions and is one of the top priorities on the government’s agenda. The drug
problem has primarily been viewed as an issue of law enforcement and criminality, and the
government has focused on implementing a policy of criminalization and punishment. Drug
problem is a complex and multi-faceted problem that includes not only criminal justice issues but
also public health issues and various approaches that can be used in order to solve such.
The module constitutes of Pre-Test, Lecture Proper, Activities, Practical Exercises, and
Summative Evaluations. The task may differ from one module to the succeeding module as
required on the subject.
This module/unit is patterned to an Author-made model personally derived by the writer

identified as “The Marksman Model,” for purposes of giving the students with essential activities
and lectures needed in this subject while they are studying at home or face to face flatform. This
module has a primary part particularly the Introduction that serves as the guide to the content of
the module properly. The module proper is composed of Pre-Test, Lecture Proper, Activities,
and Summative Evaluations. The task in the module may vary from one module to the next
module depending on the topic and needs of the students.
Every task and activity that are included in the module will be recorded as part of the class
standing and examination of the students. Thus, it is expected that all the activities are
answered by the students.
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MODULE MAP
Note: This Module Mapping is not a part of the main Module/Unit but it serves as the guidelines
about the flow of the Activities. Just read it so that you will know the sequence of the tasks or
how the Module/Unit runs.
Mapping for Module

Intended Learning Instructional Content Activities or Task
Outcomes Procedures
Engage I. Topic Outcomes
Analyze each statement that II. Practice Test The students will
are derived from the topics analyze each
whether they are true or false. Practice  True or False statement that are
derived from the
topics whether they
are true or false.
III. Topic Outline
The students are
 LESSON 1. expected to read the
Forms of Drugs whole content of the
lecture and other
 LESSON 2. related matters to
Salient accomplish all the
Load Provisions of task provided in this
Comprehensive Module/Unit.
Dangerous
Drug Act
 LESSON 3.
Program for
Treatment and
Rehabilitation
of Drug
Dependents
 LESSON 4.
Role of
Community and
Institutions in
the
Enforcement of
RA 9165
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 LESSON 5. .
Vice Control
Investigation
Discuss the Forms of Drugs IV. Learning Activities The Students will
Discuss the Forms of
Fire  Discussion Drugs
regarding the
Forms of Drugs
Identify the Salient Provisions  Identification The Students will

of Comprehensive Dangerous Salient Provisions of identify Provisions of
Drug Act Comprehensive Comprehensive
Dangerous Drug Act Dangerous Drug Act
Discuss the Program for  Discussion on The Students will

Treatment and Rehabilitation the Program for the discuss Program for
of Drug Dependents Treatment and Treatment and
Rehabilitation of Rehabilitation of Drug
Drug Dependents Dependents
Discuss the Role of The Students will

Community and Institutions in  Discussion on discuss the Role of
the Enforcement of RA 9165 Role of Community Community and
and Institutions in Institutions in the
the Enforcement of Enforcement of RA
RA 9165 9165
Discuss the concept of Vice

Control  Vice Control The Students will
discussion discuss concept of
Vice Control
Discuss the answers of the V. Summative The Students will

essay questions to evaluate Evaluation discuss the answers
their level of comprehension of the essay
and critical thinking.  Essay questions to evaluate
their level of
comprehension and
Evaluate critical thinking.
Write a simple summary of  Summary
the lecture to test if they have Writing The Students will
understand the lessons they write a simple
undergone. summary of the
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lecture to test if they
have understand the
lessons they
undergone.
MODULE PROPER
I. LEARNING OUTCOMES
OK! Let’s ENGAGE
Expected Learning Outcomes:
After completing this module, you are expected to achieve the following learning outcomes:
Learning Outcomes (Specific for the Learning Content/Lessons):
1. Discuss the Forms of Drugs;
2. Identify the Salient Provisions of Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act;
3. Discuss the Program for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug Dependents;
4. Discuss the Role of Community and Institutions in the Enforcement of RA 9165;
5. Discuss the concept of Vice Control; and
6. Summarize briefly the lessons they have undergone.
.
II. COURSE EXERCISE/PRE-TEST
Okay! You may now PRACTICE
Note: Before proceeding to the next part of this module, try to answer first the practice test
provided in this part. The practice test will assess your background and readiness on the
topic/lessons. Just follow the instructions when answering the test to avoid technicality.
Pre-Test/Practice Test I. (True of False)
Note: This pre-test will assess your readiness and background about the course.
Instructions:
1. Read Carefully each statements;
2. Analyse whether the statements are true or false;
3. Write TRUE if the Statement is true and write FALSE if the statement is false.
4. Strictly NO ERASURES allowed. Any erasures, superimpositions, and unnecessary
marking will be deducted to your score; and
5. Write your answer in the answer sheet provided.
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1. Natural plant involves the medicinal use of plants to treat disease and enhance general health
and well being. (marijuana, opium etc)
2. The PDEA Director General have 2 Deputy Director-Generals
3. Drug Testing shall be done by any government forensic laboratories or by any of the drug
testing laboratories accredited and monitored by the DOH to safeguard the quality of test
results.
4. Sedatives - are depressant drugs which reduce anxiety and excitement such as barbiturates,
tranquilizers and alcohol.
5 Drug syndicate recruiters meet potential victims through casual acquaintances or through the
Internet in order to befriend, enter into a relationship and/or marry the victim
6. Applicants for driver’s license- no driver’s license shall be issued or renewed to any person
unless he/she undergone drug test and free from the use of dangerous drugs.
7 Addiction is not lethal in its own right, but it contributes to tobacco-caused death and disease,
since it spurs smokers to continue their habit, which repeatedly exposes them to the toxins in
tobacco smoke
8. Situational user - those who use drugs to keep them awake or for additional energy to
perform an important work. Such individual may or may not exhibit psychological dependence.
9. Clandestine Laboratory is any facility used for the illegal manufacture of any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical
10. Synthetic drugs are chemical compounds produced or process in laboratory. They can be
produced commercially by drug manufacturers for valid medical purposes and are diverted from
legal channels or produced illegally in clandestine laboratories for illicit markets worldwide.
Drugs that controlled by law due to medical practices usage.
III. COURSE CONTENT/LOAD
Let’s now LOAD
Note: This section contains all of the subjects and important topics on Vice and Drug Education
Control that you need to know.
Instructions:
1. The following are the topics and lectures included in this Module/Unit;
2. Read and analyze the content of this lecture before answering the activities and
evaluation provided; and
3. Self-Study is a must, and if you want to read more about the topics just research in
the internet or read the books provided in the reference portion if you have them.
a. Lecture Overview
The module is consist of five lessons and has corresponding subtopics, as follows:
Forms of Drugs, Identify the Salient Provisions of the Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act,
Program for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug Dependents, Role of Community and
Institutions in the Enforcement of RA 9165, and Vice Control. This subject will illustrate the
importance of framework in relation to illicit drugs and in viewed the related laws of Dangerous
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Drug Board and specific areas beneficial to the learners to comprehend the drug education
concept and vice control.
b. Lecture Proper
LESSON 1: FORMS OF DRUGS
TWO MAJOR FORMS OF DRUGS

1. Natural Drugs-Natural plant involves the medicinal use of plants to treat disease and
enhance general health and well being. (marijuana, opium etc)
2. Synthetic/Artificial –Synthetic drugs are chemical compounds produced or process in

laboratory. They can be produced commercially by drug manufacturers for valid medical
purposes and are diverted from legal channels or produced illegally in clandestine
laboratories for illicit markets worldwide. Drugs that controlled by law due to medical
practices usage.
Categories of Drugs
1. Prescriptive- prescribed by the physician
2. Over the counter-self-medication syndrome
3. Prohibited drugs-includes opium and its active components and derivatives such as
heroin and morphine, coca leaf, cocaine, hallucinogenic drugs LSD (lysergic acid
dimethylamine, Indian hemp etc.
Prohibited drug which includes opium and its active components and derivatives, such as
heroin and morphine; coca leaf and its derivatives, principally cocaine; alpha and beta eucaine;
hallucinogenic drugs, such as mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other substances
producing similar effects; Indian hemp and its derivates; all preparations made from any of the
foregoing; and other drugs, whether natural or synthetic, with the physiological effects of a
narcotic drug;
Regulated drug means a narcotic drug, a depressant or stimulant drug, other than
methamphetamine, a hallucinogenic drug, Ecstasy, marijuana, or methamphetamine whose
possession or use is regulated by law.
"Regulated drug," which includes self-inducing sedatives, such as secobarbital, phenobarbital,

pentobarbital, barbital, amobarbital and any other drug which contains a salt or a derivative of a
salt of barbituric acid; any salt, isomer or salt of an isomer, of amphetamine, such as Benzedrine
or Dexedrine, or any drug which produces a physiological action similar to amphetamine; and
hypnotic drugs, such as methaqualone or any other compound producing similar physiological
effects
DEFINITION OF TERMS
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Clandestine Laboratory. – Any facility used for the illegal manufacture of any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical.
Controlled Delivery. – The investigative technique of allowing an unlawful or suspect

consignment of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical,
equipment or paraphernalia, or property believed to be derived directly or indirectly from any
offense, to pass into, through or out of the country under the supervision of an authorized
officer, with a view to gathering evidence to identify any person involved in any dangerous drugs
related offense, or to facilitate prosecution of that offense.
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. – Include those listed in Tables I and II of
the 1988 UN Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances as
enumerated in the attached annex, which is an integral part of RA 9165.
Cultivate or Culture. – Any act of knowingly planting, growing, raising, or permitting the
planting, growing or raising of any plant which is the source of a dangerous drug.
Dangerous Drugs – Include those listed in the Schedules annexed to the 1961 Single
Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and in the Schedules
annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on Psychotropic Substances as enumerated in the
attached annex which is an integral part of RA 9165
Deliver – Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another, personally or otherwise,
and by any means, with or without consideration.
Den, Dive or Resort – A place where any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical is administered, delivered, stored for illegal purposes, distributed, sold or
used in any form.
Drug Syndicate– Any organized group of two (2) or more persons forming or joining together
with the intention of committing any offense prescribed under RA 9165
Employee of Den, Dive or Resort – The caretaker, helper, watchman, lookout, and other
persons working in the den, dive or resort, employed by the maintainer, owner and/or operator
where any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical is administered,
delivered, distributed, sold or used, with or without compensation, in connection with the
operation thereof.
Financier – Any person who pays for, raises or supplies money for, or underwrites any of the
illegal activities prescribed under RA 9165
Illegal Trafficking – The illegal cultivation, culture, delivery, administration, dispensation,

manufacture, sale, trading, transportation, distribution, importation, exportation and possession
of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical.
Instrument – Anything that is used in or intended to be used in any manner in the commission
of illegal drug trafficking or related offenses.
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Manufacture – The production, preparation, compounding or processing of any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical, either directly or indirectly or by
extraction from substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis
or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis, and shall include any packaging or
repackaging of such substances, design or configuration of its form, or labeling or relabeling of
its container; except that such terms do not include the preparation, compounding, packaging or
labeling of a drug or other substances by a duly authorized practitioner as an incident to his/her
administration or dispensation of such drug or substance in the course of his/her professional
practice including research, teaching and chemical analysis of dangerous drugs or such
substances that are not intended for sale or for any other purpose.
Planting of Evidence – The willful act by any person of maliciously and surreptitiously
inserting, placing, adding or attaching directly or indirectly, through any overt or covert act,
whatever quantity of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical in
the person, house, effects or in the immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose
of implicating, incriminating or imputing the commission of any violation of this RA 9165
Protector/Coddler – Any person who knowingly and willfully consents to the unlawful acts
provided for in this Act and uses his/her influence, power or position in shielding, harboring,
screening or facilitating the escape of any person he/she knows, or has reasonable grounds to
believe on or suspects, has violated the provisions of this Act in order to prevent the arrest,
prosecution and conviction of the violator.
Pusher – Any person who sells, trades, administers, dispenses, delivers or gives away to
another, on any terms whatsoever, or distributes, dispatches in transit or transports dangerous
drugs or who acts as a broker in any of such transactions, in violation of this Act.
Sell – Any act of giving away any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical whether for money or any other consideration.
Trading – Transactions involving the illegal trafficking of dangerous drugs and/or controlled
precursors and essential chemicals using electronic devices such as, but not limited to, text
messages, email, mobile or landlines, two-way radios, internet, instant messengers and chat
rooms or acting as a broker in any of such transactions whether for money or any other
consideration in violation of this Act.
Use – Any act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly, of consuming, either by chewing,

smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing, drinking or otherwise introducing into the physiological
system of the body, and of the dangerous drugs.
Drug Addictions – A state of periodic or chronic (continuous) intoxication (drunk) detrimental to

individual and to the society produced by the repeated consumption of drugs
Treatment – Is a medical service rendered to a client for the effective management of hit total
conditions related to drug abuse. It deals with the physiological without abusing drugs.
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Rehabilitation – Is a dynamic process directed towards the changes on the health of the
person to prepare him from his fullest life potentials and capabilities, and making him law-
abiding and productive member of the community without abusing drugs.
Drug Dependence – A state of psychic or physical dependence, or both on dangerous drugs,

arising in a person following administration or use of a drug on a periodic or continuous basis.
Physical Dependence – An adaptive state caused by repeated drug use that reveals itself by
development of intense physical symptoms when the drug is stopped (withdrawal syndrome).
Psychological Dependence – An attachment to drug use which arises from a drug ability to
satisfy some emotional or personality need of an individual. (Physical dependence not required
but it does not seem to reinforce psychological dependence)
Narcotics – Is any drug that produces sleep or stupor and relieves pain due to its depressant
effect on the central nervous system. A term narcotic comes from the Greek word for sleep
“Narkotikos”
MOST ABUSED DRUGS

 Shabu
 Menthodes (cough/cold preparation)
 Marijuana 
 Rugby (inhalant)
 Phydol (cough/cold preparation)
 Diazepam (minor tranquilizer)
 Pseudoflex (cough/cold preparation)
 Hycodia (cough preparation)
 Cotrex D (cough/cold preparation)
 Mercadol (cough/cold preparation)
MOST COMMON REASONS FOR USING DRUGS

 Influence by friends and peers
 Personal reason such as family problems and pleasure
 Got hooked by the pusher
 Used drugs for medical reason and hooked later on
 Accessibility of sources such as drug stores, medicine cabinets and shops.
DANGEROUS DRUG EFFECTS AND IDENTITY

The Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa) 
 Marijuana – usually called Pot, grass, weed reefer, dope, Mary Jane, sinsemilla,
acapolco gold, Thai stick,
-They look like dried parsley mixed with stems that may include needs. They are
need as cigarette (smoke). Eaten.
 Tetrehydro Cannabinol – they called THC, they look like soft gelatin capsule and they are
used by taken orally or smoked. 
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 Hashish – called locally has and look like brown or black cakes or balls, they can be
eaten orally or can be smoked.
 Hashish Oil – Hash oil they appear like concentrated syrup liquid varying in color from
clear to black, they used to smoked mixed with tobacco.
CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS ACCORDING TO EFFECT

A. The Depressants (Downers)
These are drugs which suppress vital body functions especially those of the brain or
central nervous system with the resulting impairment of judgement, hearing, speech and
muscular coordination. A drug reducing functional or nervous activity. Lower the level of arousal
when taken.
1. Narcotics - are drugs, which relieve pain and produce profound sleep or stupor.
Medically, they are potent painkillers.
2. Opium – derived from a poppy plant – Papaver somniferum popularly known as “gum”,
“gamot”, “kalamay” or “panocha”.
3. Morphine - most commonly used and best used opiate. Effective as a painkiller six times
potent than opium, with a high dependence – producing potential.
4. Heroin – is three to five times more powerful than morphine from which it is derived and
the most addicting opium derivative.
5. Codeine – a derivative of morphine, commonly available in cough preparations.
6. Paregoric – a tincture of opium in combination with camphor. Commonly used as a
household remedy for diarrhea and abdominal pain.
7. Demerol and Methadone – common synthetic drugs with morphine – like effects.
8. Barbiturates – are drugs used for inducing sleep in persons plagued with anxiety, mental
stress, and insomnia.
9. Seconal – Sudden withdrawal from these drugs is even more dangerous than opiate
withdrawal.
10. Tranquilizers – are drugs that calm and relax and diminish anxiety. They are used in the
treatment of nervous states and some mental disorders without producing sleep.
11. Volatile Solvents – gaseous substances popularly known to abusers as “gas”,
“teardrops”.
12. Alcohol – the king of all drugs with potential for abuse. Most widely used, socially
accepted and most extensively legalized drug throughout the world.
Inhalants/Solvents
Immediate negative effect of inhalants include nose, sneezing, coughing, nosebleed,
fatigue, lack of coordination and loss of appetite. Solvents and aerosol sprays also decrease the
heart and the respiratory rates and impair judgment. Amyl and Butyl nitrate cause rapid pulse,
headache and involuntary or brain hemorrhage.
Deeply inhaling the vapor, or using large amount over a short period of time may result to
disorientation, violent behavior, unconsciousness or death. High concentration of inhalants can
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cause suffocation by displacing the oxygen in the lungs or depressing the central nervous
system in the point that breathing stops.
Long-term use can cause weight loss, fatigue, electrolyte imbalance and muscle fatigue.
Repeat sniffing of concentrated vapors over time can permanently damage the nervous system
B. The Stimulants (Uppers)
These produce effects opposite to that of depressants. Instead of bringing about

relaxation and sleep, they produce increased mental alertness, wakefulness, reduce hunger,
and provide a feeling of well-being. increase mental and/or physical function. A substance
that raises the levels of physiological or nervous activity in the body.
1. Amphetamines – used medically for weight reducing in obesity, relief of mild

depression and treatment
2. Cocaine – taken orally, injected or sniffed as to achieve euphoria or an intense feeling
of “highness”.
3. Caffeine – it is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks, and some wake-up pills.
4. Shabu/ “poor man’s cocaine” – chemically known as methamphetamine. It is a central
nervous system stimulant and sometimes called “upper” or “speed”. It is white, colorless
crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter numbing taste. It can be taken orally, inhaled
(snorted), sniffed (chasing the dragon) or injected.
5. Nicotine – an active component in tobacco which acts as a powerful stimulant of the
central nervous system. A drop of pure nicotine can easily kill a person.
Cocaine - is a stimulant of the central nervous system and an appetite suppressant,

giving rise to what has been described as a euphoric sense of happiness and increased energy.
It is a quick acting drug whose effects are rapid from the time of intake. It is legally used in
medicine as a topical anesthetic, specifically in the eye, nose and throat surgery. It is a
crystalline tropane alkaloid that is derived from the leaves of the coca plant known as
“Erythroxylon”
Alexander Bennet - he discovered the first medical use of cocaine in 1873 as anesthetic.
1879 - cocaine was used to treat morphine addiction.

1884 - cocaine was introduced into clinical use as anesthetic in Germany.
1970 - cocaine gained popularity as a recreational drug
C. The Hallucinogens (Psychedelic)

They consist of a variety of mind-altering drugs, which distort reality, thinking and
perceptions of time, sound, space and sensation
1. Marijuana – It is the most commonly abused hallucinogen in the Philippines.
2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) – This drug is the most powerful of the psychedelics
obtained from ergot, a fungus that attacks rye kernels.
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3. Peyote – Peyote is derived from the surface part of a small gray brown cactus.
4. Mescaline – It is the alkaloid hallucinogen extracted from the peyote cactus and can
also be synthesized in the laboratory.
5. STP – It is a take-off on the motor oil additive. It is a chemical derivative of mescaline
claimed to produce more violent and longer effects than mescaline dose.
6. Psilocybin – This hallucinogenic alkaloid from small Mexican mushrooms are used by
Mexican Indians today.
7. Morning Glory Seeds – The black and brown seeds of the wild tropical morning glory
that are used to produce hallucinations
8. Ecstacy
9.PCP, Psilocybin mushroom and peyot
WARNING SIGNS OF COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS

1. Marijuana
 glassy red eye
 loud talking
 inappropriate laughter followed by sleepiness
 loss of interest, motivation
 weight gain or loss
2. Depressant
 contracted pupils
 drunk-like
 difficulty concentrating
 clumsiness
 poor judgement
3. Stimulants - ex. cocaine, amphetamines
 dilated pupils
 hyperactivity
 euphoria
 irritability
 anxiety
 excessive talking followed by depression or excessive sleeping
 may go long period of time without eating or sleeping
 weight loss
 dry mouth and nose
4. Inhalants - ex. glues, aerosols, vapors
 watery eyes
 impaired vision, memory and thought
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 secretions from the nose or rashes around the nose and mouth
 headaches and nausea
 appearance of intoxication
 drowsiness
 poor muscle control
 changes in appetite
 anxiety
 irritability
 lots of cans, and aerosols in the trash
5 . Hallucinogens - ex. LSD, PCP
 dilated pupils
 bizarre and irrational behavior including paranoia, aggression, hallucination
 mood swings
 detachment from people
 absorption with self or other objects
 slurred speech
 confusion
6. Heroin
 contracted pupils
 no response of pupils to light
 needle marks
 sleeping at unusual time
 sweating
 vomiting
 coughing, shiffling
 twitching
 loss of appetite
7. Alcohol
 clumsiness
 difficulty walking
 slurred speech
 sleepiness
 poor judgement
 dilated pupils
 possession of false ID cards
8. Tobacco/Nicotine
 smell of tobacco
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 stained fingers or teeth
Analgesic - any drugs such as salicylates, morphine or opiates used primarily for the relief of
pain.
Classification of Drugs according to Pharmacology

Pharmacology- the science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics,
therapeutic use, and toxicology, the properties and reactions of drugs especially with relation to
their therapeutic value. It is the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes
of action of drugs.
1. Depressants
2. Narcotics
3. Tranquilizers
4. Stimulants
5. Hallucinogens
6. Solvents/Inhalants
Classifications of Drugs according to Legal Categories
1. Prohibited Drugs
2. Regulated Drugs
3. Volatile substances- Domestic products such as spray deodorants, glue, lighter refills and
spray air fresheners can be used as drugs. Volatile substance use may be defined as the
deliberate inhalation of volatile compounds to produce psychoactive effects.
Volatile substances are household and workplace chemicals that people misuse to
become intoxicated. Inhaling volatile substances can result in a decreased rate of
breathing, decreased heart rate, and loss of consciousness, possibly leading to coma or
death
Classification of Drug user/Abuser
1. Situational user - those who use drugs to keep them awake or for additional energy to
perform an important work. Such individual may or may not exhibit psychological
dependence.
2. Spree user - school age user who take drugs for "kicks", adventure, daring experience or
a means of fun.
3. Hardcore addicts - those whose activities revolves almost entirely around drug use and
securing supplies. They show strong psychological dependence on the drug.
4. Hippies - Those who are addicted to drugs believing that drug is an integral part of life.
Commonly abused drugs:
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1. Sedatives - are depressant drugs which reduce anxiety and excitement such as
barbiturates, tranquilizers and alcohol.
2. Stimulants - are drugs which increase alertness and activity such as amphetamine,
cocaine and caffeine.
3. Hallucinogen/Psychedelics - drugs which affect sensation,thinking,self awareness and
emotion.
4. Narcotics - drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep. This includes opium and its
derivatives like morphine, codeine and heroin.
5. Solvents - volatile substances which are found to be the most commonly abused.
Primary causes of drug addiction:
1. Pride - excessive feeling of self worth or self esteem or sense of self importance.
2. Anger - against, himself,family,friends and society in general.
3. Lust - burning sexual desire can distort the human mind to drug abuse.
4. Gluttony - "food trip" in the lingo of junkies.
5. Greed - wealth,fame,recognition as exemplified by people under pressure in their work of
art such as musician,actors and athletes who indulge in rug abuse.
6. Envy - to get attention from someone as sign of protest.
7. Laziness - "i cant syndrome" incapacity to achieve is a breeding ground of drug abuse
and boredom coupled with poor self image.
THE DRUG SYNDICATES
-It is a group of organized and professional criminals with a formal hieracrchy of organization
set in illicit drug trade. It is also knows as drug cartel. It is perhaps one of the most important
reasons why international drug trafficking is hardly to control because of their involvement in the
illicit drug trade
a) The Medellín Cartel (Spanish: Cartel de Medellín) was a powerful and highly

organized Colombian drug cartel and terrorist-type criminal organization originating in the
city of Medellín, Colombia that was founded and led by Pablo Escobar. It is often
considered the first major “drug cartel” and was referred to as such (a cartel) due to the
organization's upper echelons being built on a partnership between multiple Colombian
traffickers operating alongside Escobar.
Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria was a Colombian drug lord and narcoterrorist who was the
founder and sole leader of the Medellín Cartel. Profile of Drug Couriers
The Columbian government wit the aid of the United States succeeded in containing the
Medellin cartel which resulted in the death, surrender, and arrest of the people behind the
organization and its downfall respectively.
b) The Cali Cartle was another drug cartel based on The Cali Cartel was a drug cartel
based in southern Colombia, around the city of Cali and the Valle del Cauca Department.
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Its founders were the brothers Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela and Miguel Rodríguez
Orejuela, and José Santacruz Londoño.
At the height of the Cali Cartel's reign from 1993-1995, they were cited as having
control of over 80% of the world's cocaine market and were said to be directly
responsible for the growth of the cocaine market in Europe, controlling 80% of the market
there as well. By the mid-1990s, the Cali Cartel's international drug trafficking empire
was a $7 billion a year criminal enterprise.
Between June and July 1995, the remaining six of the seven heads of the cartel were
arrested. Gilberto was arrested in his home, and Henry Loaiza-Ceballos, Victor Patiño-
Fomeque and Phanor Arizabaleta-Arzayus surrendered to authorities. Jose Santa Cruz
Londoño was captured in a restaurant, and a month later, Miguel Rodriguez was apprehended
during a raid. It is widely believed that the cartel continued to operate and run trafficking
operations from within prison.
The Rodríguez brothers were extradited in 2006 to the United States and pleaded guilty
in Miami, Florida, to charges of conspiracy to import cocaine into the United States. Upon their
confession, they agreed to forfeit $2.1 billion in assets. The agreement, however, did not require
them to cooperate in other investigations. They were solely responsible for identification of
assets stemming from their cocaine trafficking. Colombian officials raided and seized the Drogas
la Rebaja pharmacy chain, replacing 50 of its 4,200 workers on the grounds that they were
"serving the interests of the Cali Cartel"
c. The Norte del Valle Cartel (Spanish: Cártel del Norte del Valle), or North Valley Cartel, was
a drug cartel that operated principally in the north of the Valle del
Cauca department of Colombia, most notably the coastal city of Buenaventura. It rose to
prominence during the second half of the 1990s, after the Cali and Medellín
Cartels fragmented, and it was known as one of the most powerful organizations in the illegal
drug trade. The drug cartel was led by the brothers Luis Enrique and Javier Antonio Calle
Serna, alias "Los Comba", until its takedown in 2008 by the authorities of the United States.
d. Los Zetas and the Gulf Cartel- Another Mexican cartel, known as Gulf, started in the 1920s
but didn’t gain ground in the area of drug trafficking until the 1980s. Gulf became one of
Sinaloa’s main rivals in the 2000s. The Gulf Cartel worked with Los Zetas, a group made up
of former elite members of the Mexican military. Representatives of Los Zetas essentially
worked as hitmen for Gulf. When the two groups split in 2010, a bloody fallout occurred that
has been called the most violent period in the history of organized crime in Mexico. Los
Zetas had a reputation for ruthless violence that included leaving body parts in public places
and posting killings on the Internet. The group’s former leader, Miguel Angel Treviño, was
arrested in 2013. The impact of Mexico’s drug cartel violence is still felt today. Newer cartels
have emerged in recent years, and some have formed after breaking with old alliances.
According to the 2015 Congressional Research Service report, Mexican drug wars claimed
more than 80,000 lives between 2006 and 2015
Why are drug syndicates recruiting Filipinos in particular?

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Drug syndicates target Filipinos specifically for their proficiency in the English language,
their ability to speak other languages, and their skill with computers and the Internet. Filipinos
are deemed by drug syndicates to have an "unassuming behavior" which attracts less attention
from police or airport authorities. Filipinos also, in general, have a positive disposition which
drug syndicate recruiters exploit.
Drug couriers that have been caught are mostly male. Some are displaced overseas
Filipino workers (OFWs) who are looking for a job abroad. Some have a poor educational
background. However, some drug couriers are also, in fact, well-educated. In their case, they
were lured by drug syndicates who offered them "easy money" and the opportunity to travel to
different countries. Drug syndicate recruiters also take advantage of a potential victim's desire to
enter into a relationship or marriage.
Modus Operandi of Drug Syndicates in Recruiting Drug Couriers
Drug syndicate recruiters meet potential victims through casual acquaintances or through the
Internet in order to befriend, enter into a relationship and/or marry the victim. The potential drug
courier is lured or attracted by the offer of payment of US$3,000 up to US$15,000 for every
successful delivery or transaction. They are provided with plane tickets and hotel
accommodations. African Drug Syndicate (ADS) members, in particular, are engaged in the
importation of illegal drugs in low amounts at a high frequency.
ILLICIT DRUG ROUTE
First important drug traffic route-

a) Middle East -discover, plantation, cultivation and harvest
b) Turkey-preparation for distribution
c) Europe- manufacture, synthesizes refine
d) USA-marketing, distribution
Second Major Drug traffic route
a) Golden Triangle of Drug Trafficking- second largest producer of opium, The Golden

Triangle- is the area where the borders of Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar meet at the confluence
of the Ruak and Mekong rivers. The name "Golden Triangle"—coined by the is commonly used
more broadly to refer to an area of approximately 950,000 square kilometres (367,000 sq mi)
that overlaps the mountains of the three adjacent countries. With Afghanistan in the Golden
Crescent, it has been one of the largest opium-producing areas of world since the 1950s. Most
of the world's heroin came from the Golden Triangle until the early 21st century when
Afghanistan became the world's largest producer. The majority of the region's opium is now
produced in Myanmar and, to a lesser extent, Laos.
 Laos
 Thailand
 Burma – General Khun Sa -king/prince of opium. Second largest producer of opium
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 Vietnam
b) The Golden Crescent- number 1 producer of opium of the world 90 percent- The Golden
Crescent is the name given to one of Asia's two principal areas of illicit opium production.
Located at the crossroads of Central, South, and Western Asia, The Golden Crescent is the
name given to one of Asia's two illegal drug superhighways, located at the crossroads of
Central, South and Western Asia. Its sister network, the Golden Triangle is located in
Southeast Asia:
 Afghanistan- number one supplier of opium.

 Pakistan
 Iran- major exporter of heroin
 India
c) South America- Between 1993 and 1999 Colombia became the main global producer of
raw coca, as well as of refined cocaine, and one of the major exporters of heroin. The value of
the cocaine trade is assessed at $10 billion per year in U.S. dollars. Argentina, Chile and
Uruguay are the countries with the greatest use of illicit drugs, Bolivia appears to be in an
intermediate situation, and Peru and Ecuador have detected lower consumption of these drugs.
LESSON 2. Salient Provisions of Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act
A. Authorized Drug Testing- Drug Testing shall be done by any government forensic
laboratories or by any of the drug testing laboratories accredited and monitored by the DOH to
safeguard the quality of test results. DOH shall take steps in setting the price of the drug test
with the DOH accredited drug testing centers to further reduce the cost of such drug test.
The drug testing shall employ among others two testing methods:
1. the screening test- will determine the positive result the positive result as well as
the type of drugs used.
2. Confirmatory test-will confirm a positive screening test.
The following shall be subjected to undergo drug testing:
1. Applicants for driver’s license- no driver’s license shall be issued or renewed to any
person unless he/she undergone drug test and free from the use of dangerous drugs.
2. Applicants of firearms license and permit to carry firearms outside residence shall
undergo mandatory drug test to ensure that they are free from the use of dangerous
drugs
3. Students of secondary and tertiary schools- pursuant to the related rules and regulations
as contained in the students handbook and with notice to the parents, undergo a random
drug testing. Provided that all drug testing expenses whether public or private schools be
borne by the government.
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4. Officer and employees of public and private offices- Officers and employees of public and
private offices whether domestics or overseas shall be subjected to undergo drug test as
contained in the company’s work rules and regulations. Any officer or employee found
positive for the use of dangerous drugs shall be dealt with administratively which shall be
a ground for suspension or termination.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 9165: JUNE 7, 2002
An act instituting the comprehensive dangerous drugs act of 2002, repealing Republic
Act No. 6425, otherwise known as the dangerous drugs act of 1972, as amended, providing
funds therefor, and for other purposes. This Act shall be known and cited as the
"Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002".
B. Unlawful Acts and Penalties
Importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential

Chemicals.- .The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a ranging from Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon
any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall import or bring into the Philippines any
dangerous drug, regardless of the quantity and purity involved, including any and all species of
opium poppy or any part thereof or substances derived therefrom even for floral, decorative and
culinary purposes. The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day
to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to
Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized by law, shall import any controlled precursor and essential chemical.
Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and Transportation of

Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. - The penalty of life
imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to
Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized
by law, shall sell, trade, administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another, distribute dispatch
in transit or transport any dangerous drug, including any and all species of opium poppy
regardless of the quantity and purity involved, or shall act as a broker in any of such
transactions. The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to
twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized by law, shall sell, trade, administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another,
distribute, dispatch in transit or transport any controlled precursor and essential chemical, or
shall act as a broker in such transactions.
The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years of imprisonment
and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a "protector/coddler" of
any violator.
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C. Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort. - The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a
fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person or group of persons who shall maintain
a den, dive or resort where any dangerous drug is used or sold in any form. The penalty of
imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine
ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person or group of persons who shall maintain a
den, dive, or resort where any controlled precursor and essential chemical is used or sold in
any form.
D. Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or Resort. - The penalty of imprisonment ranging
from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One
hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be
imposed upon:
(a) Any employee of a den, dive or resort, who is aware of the nature of the place as
such; and
(b) Any person who, not being included in the provisions of the next preceding,
paragraph, is aware of the nature of the place as such and shall knowingly visit the same
E. Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. -

The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who,
unless authorized by law, shall engage in the manufacture of any dangerous drug.
The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20)
years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by
law, shall manufacture any controlled precursor and essential chemical.
F. Possession of Dangerous Drugs. - The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine
ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall
possess any dangerous drug in the following quantities, regardless of the degree of purity
thereof:
(1) 10 grams or more of opium;
(2) 10 grams or more of morphine;
(3) 10 grams or more of heroin;
(4) 10 grams or more of cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride;
(5) 50 grams or more of methamphetamine hydrochloride or "shabu";
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(6) 10 grams or more of marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil;
(7) 500 grams or more of marijuana; and
(8) 10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to,
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDA) or "ecstasy", paramethoxyamphetamine
(PMA), trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD), gamma
hydroxyamphetamine (GHB), and those similarly designed or newly introduced drugs and
their derivatives, without having any therapeutic value or if the quantity possessed is far
beyond therapeutic requirements, as determined and promulgated by the Board in
accordance to Section 93, Article XI of this Act.
G. Use of Dangerous Drugs. – A person apprehended or arrested, who is found to be positive

for use of any dangerous drug, after a confirmatory test, shall be imposed a penalty of a
minimum of six (6) months rehabilitation in a government center for the first offense. If
apprehended using any dangerous drug for the second time, he/she shall suffer the penalty of
imprisonment ranging from six (6) years and one (1) day to twelve (12) years and a fine ranging
from Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) to Two hundred thousand pesos
(P200,000.00): Provided, That this Section shall not be applicable where the person tested is
also found to have in his/her possession such quantity of any dangerous drug provided for
under Section 11 of RA 9165, in which case the provisions stated therein shall apply.
H. Cultivation or Culture of Plants Classified as Dangerous Drugs or are Sources Thereof. - The
penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who
shall plant, cultivate or culture marijuana, opium poppy or any other plant regardless of quantity,
which is or may hereafter be classified as a dangerous drug or as a source from which any
dangerous drug may be manufactured or derived: Provided, That in the case of medical
laboratories and medical research centers which cultivate or culture marijuana, opium poppy
and other plants, or materials of such dangerous drugs for medical experiments and research
purposes, or for the creation of new types of medicine, the Board shall prescribe the necessary
implementing guidelines for the proper cultivation, culture, handling, experimentation and
disposal of such plants and materials.
I. Creation of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA). – To carry out the
provisions of RA 9165., the PDEA, which serves as the implementing arm of the Board, and
shall be responsible for the efficient and effective law enforcement of all the provisions on any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical as provided in RA 9165.
J. The PDEA Academy. – Upon the approval of the Board, the PDEA Academy shall be
established either in Baguio or Tagaytay City, and in such other places as may be necessary.
The PDEA Academy shall be responsible in the recruitment and training of all PDEA agents and
personnel. The Board shall provide for the qualifications and requirements of its recruits who
must be at least twenty-one (21) years old, of proven integrity and honesty and a Baccalaureate
degree holder.
H. Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB)

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- the policy-making and strategy-formulating body in the planning and formulation of policies and
programs on drug prevention and control.
Duties/Function of the DDB -To develop and adopt a comprehensive, integrated, unified and
balanced national drug abuse prevention and control strategy.
The DDB is under the office of the President.

• The Department Secretary's representative shall in no case be lower than Under Secretary
The Two Regular Members of the DDB are:
1. The President of The Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP)
2. The Chairman or President of a non-governmental organization involved in dangerous drug
campaign to be appointed by the President of the Philippines.
Qualification of the 3 Permanent Members of the DDB

 At least 7 years of training and experience in the field of dangerous drugs and in any of
the following fields: law, medicine ,criminology, psychology or social work. They are
appointed by the President.
 The President shall designate a Chairman of the DDB from among the 3 permanent
members who shall serve for 6 years.
 The Chairman of the DDB shall have a rank of Under Secretary.
 Term of office of the permanent members of the DDB - 6 years and until their successors
shall have been duly appointed and qualified.
 The PDEA shall be headed by a Director General with the rank of undersecretary.
 The PDEA Director General shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines
Mandatory Services of the PDEA

1. Intelligence and Investigation
2. International Cooperation and Foreign Affairs
3. Preventive Education and Community Involvement
4. Plans and Operation
5. Compliance, Legal and Prosecution
6. Administrative and Human Resource
7. Financial Management
8. Logistic Management
9. Internal Affairs
• PDEA shall establish regional offices

PDEA Academy - Shall be established either in Baguio City or Tagaytay City and in such other
places as may be necessary.
• PDEA Academy shall be headed by a Superintendent with the rank of Director. He shall be
appointed by the PDEA Director General.
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Composition of the DDB
 3 permanent members
 2 regular members
 12 ex officio members
The other twelve (12) members who shall be ex officio members of the Board are the
following:
(1) Secretary of the Department of Justice or his/her representative;

(2) Secretary of the Department of Health or his/her representative;
(3) Secretary of the Department of National Defense or his/her representative;
(4) Secretary of the Department of Finance or his/her representative;
(5) Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment or his/her representative;
(6) Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government or his/her representative;
(7) Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development or his/her representative;
(8) Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs or his/her representative;
(9) Secretary of the Department of Education or his/her representative;
(10) Chairman of the Commission on Higher Education or his/her representative;
(11) Chairman of the National Youth Commission;
(12) Director General of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency.
The Two Regular Members of the DDB are:
 The President of The Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP)

 The Chairman or President of a non-governmental organization involved in
dangerous drug campaign to be appointed by the President of the Philippines.
Permanent Consultants of the DDB
1. Director of the NBI

2. Chief of the PNP
PDEA - implementing arm of the DDB.
Qualification of the 3 Permanent members of the DDB

- at least 7 years training and experience in the field of dangerous drugs and in any of the
following fields: law, medicine, criminology, psychology or social work. They are appointed by
the President.
 The President shall designate a

 Chairman of the DDB from among the 3 permanent members who shall serve for 6 years.
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 The Chairman of the DDB shall have a rank of Under Secretary.
 Term of office of the permanent members of the DDB - 6 years and until their successors
shall have been duly appointed and qualified.
 The PDEA shall be headed by a Director General with the rank of undersecretary.
 The PDEA Director General shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines.
Duties/Functions of PDEA Director General

1. Responsible for the general administration and
management of the agency.
2. Perform other duties that may be assigned to
him/her by the President.
The PDEA Director General and the 2 Deputy Director General must possess adequate
knowledge, training and experience in the field of dangerous drugs and in any of the following
field: law enforcement, law, medicine, criminology, psychology and social work.
There are 2 PDEA Deputy Director General

1. One for Administration
2. One for Operation
They shall have a rank of Assistant Secretary and both are appointed by the President of
the Philippines upon recommendation of the board.
Mandatory Services of the PDEA

1. Intelligence and Investigation
2. International Cooperation and Foreign Affairs
3. Preventive Education and Community Involvement
4. Plans and Operation
5. Compliance, Legal and Prosecution
6. Administrative and Human Resource
7. Financial Management
8. Logistic Management
9. Internal Affairs
 PDEA shall establish regional offices.

 PDEA Academy - Shall be established either in Baguio City or Tagaytay City and in such
other places as may be necessary.
 PDEA Academy shall be headed by a Superintendent with the rank of Director. He shall
be appointed by the PDEA Director General.
Jurisdiction over Dangerous Drugs Cases
The Supreme Court shall designate special courts from among the existing Regional Trial
Courts in each judicial region to exclusively try and hear cases involving violations of RA 9165.
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The number of courts designated in each judicial region shall be based on the population and
the number of cases pending in their respective jurisdiction.
The DOJ shall designate special prosecutors to exclusively handle cases involving
violations of RA 9165. The preliminary investigation of cases filed under shall be terminated
within a period of thirty (30) days from the date of their filing.
When the preliminary investigation is conducted by a public prosecutor and a probable

cause is established, the corresponding information shall be filed in court within twenty-four
(24) hours from the termination of the investigation. If the preliminary investigation is conducted
by a judge and a probable cause is found to exist, the corresponding information shall be filed
by the proper prosecutor within forty-eight (48) hours from the date of receipt of the records of
the case.
Trial of the case under this Section shall be finished by the court not later than sixty (60) days
from the date of the filing of the information. Decision on said cases shall be rendered within a
period of fifteen (15) days from the date of submission of the case for resolution.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10640
An act to further strengthen the anti-drug campaign of the government, amending for the
purpose section 21 of republic act no. 9165, otherwise known as the "comprehensive dangerous
drugs act of 2002"
Section 21 of Republic Act No. 9165, otherwise known as the "Comprehensive Dangerous
Drugs Act of 2002", is hereby amended to read as follows:
"SEC. 21. Custody and Disposition of Confiscated, Seized, and/or Surrendered Dangerous

Drugs, Plant Sources of Dangerous Drugs, Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals,
Instruments/Paraphernalia and/or Laboratory Equipment. – The PDEA shall take charge and
have custody of all dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs, controlled precursors
and essential chemicals, as well as instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment so
confiscated, seized and/or surrendered, for proper disposition in the following manner:
The apprehending team having initial custody and control of the dangerous drugs,
controlled precursors and essential chemicals, instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory
equipment shall, immediately after seizure and confiscation, conduct a physical inventory of the
seized items and photograph the same in the presence of the accused or the person/s from
whom such items were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her representative or counsel, with an
elected public official and a representative of the National Prosecution Service or the media who
shall be required to sign the copies of the inventory and be given a copy thereof:
Provided, That the physical inventory and photograph shall be conducted at the place
where the search warrant is served; or at the nearest police station or at the nearest office of the
apprehending officer/team, whichever is practicable, in case of warrantless seizures: Provided,
finally, That noncompliance of these requirements under justifiable grounds, as long as the
integrity and the evidentiary value of the seized items are properly preserved by the
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apprehending officer/team, shall not render void and invalid such seizures and custody over
said items.
CONCEPT OF ANTI-ILLEGAL DRUG ENFORCEMENT

Anti-illegal drug operation - covers the intelligence or case build-up and/or negation
operation for the arrest of violator/s and suppression, seizure or confiscation of dangerous
drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs, and controlled precursors and essential chemicals of
the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)
The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) and the Philippine National Police
(PNP) issued a set of unified coordination guidelines during the conduct of anti-illegal drug
operations. A Joint Memorandum Circular that provided a clear-cut coordination mechanism
between PDEA and the PNP prior to the conduct of planned anti-drug operations. “The Circular
should eliminate any misunderstanding, miscommunication and misencounter between drug law
enforcement units that impedes the drug supply reduction efforts of the government’s anti-drug
campaign,
Only PNP Drug Enforcement Group-Special Operations Units (PDEG-SOUs) and Drug
Enforcement Units (DEUs) of Regional, District, Provincial, City, Municipal and Police Stations,
are authorized to conduct anti-illegal drug operations and coordinate with PDEA. “Other
operating units are not allowed to conduct anti-drug operations on their own unless jointly done
with PDEG and/or the concerned DEUs that will lead and initiate coordination with PDEA,”.
According DEA Director General Wilkins M. Villanueva , a “One Jurisdiction, One

Operation” Rule shall be observed. “There shall only be one anti-drug operation in a particular
area at a particular time covering areas of jurisdiction of PNP Police Station:, City and Municipal
Police Station,” he noted.
New Pre-Operation Report and Coordination Form must be submitted to PDEA. When
personal coordination cannot be made, online submission of the requirements for application in
the issuance of certificate of coordination is permitted. PDEA will be provided an official list of
PNP drug enforcement operatives, including their designation and contact number of the Team
Leader, for purposes of reference and verification prior to the issuance of COC and monitoring
of reportorial requirements. Non-compliance with the provisions of this Circular will not prejudice
the evidentiary value of the seized drug evidence and/or the case but the personnel liable shall
be dealt with administratively or criminally pursuant to existing civil service rules and the
applicable laws and regulations.
“From this day forward, the lines of communication among drug law operating units are
clearer. All coordination before the conduct of all anti-drug operations will be put into writing and
in strict accordance with the issued unified guidelines,”
The following are the different concepts of Illicit Drug Enforcement.
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 Drug Bust Operations- it is form of operation of entrapment employed bay law
enforcers as an effective way of apprehending a criminal in the act of the
commission of an offense.
 Search and Seizure- a search warrant is an order in writing issued in the name
of the People of the Philippines signed by a judge and directed to a peace officer
commanding him to search for personal property described in it and bring it to
court
 Marijuana Eradication-involves the location and destruction of marijuana
plantations, including the identification, arrest and prosecution of the planter,
owner or cultivator, and the escheating of the land where the plantations are
located.
 Mobile Checkpoint Operation- it is authorized for drug enforcement and
prevention operations. They shall be established only in conjunction with ongoing
operations or when there is a need to arrest a criminal or fugitive.
As to legality of checkpoints, the SUPREME COURT declared: NO ONE CAN BE
COMPELLED, UNDER OUR LIBERTARIAN SYSTEM TO SHARE WITH THE PRESENT
GOVERNMENT ITS IDEOLOGICAL, BELIEFS AND PRACTICES OR COMMEND ITS
POLITICAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC POLICIES OR PERFORMANCE
 Airport and Seaport Interdiction- Airport and seaport interdiction involves the
conduct of surveillance, interception and interdiction of persons and evidence
during travel by air or sea vessels.
LESSON 3: Program for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug Dependents
Drug Education- A learning process that influences an individual emotionally, intellectually,

psychologically, and socially and may result in the modification of attitudes that influence
behavior. It involves the formal mechanism of presenting information and includes a series of
experiences and influences that help shape the learning environment, the atmosphere of the
school, the lifestyle present at home, the attitude of parents, the pressures within a peer group,
the popular culture, the personal experience with or without drugs, and the availability of
alternative mechanisms employed to carry out certain kinds of behavior.
A) Voluntary Submission of a Drug Dependent to Confinement, Treatment and Rehabilitation.
A drug dependent or any person who violates Section 15 RA 9165, by himself/herself or

through his/her parent, spouse, guardian or relative within the fourth degree of consanguinity or
affinity, apply to the Board or its duly recognized representative, for treatment and rehabilitation
of the drug dependency. Upon such application, the Board shall bring forth the matter to the
Court which shall order that the applicant be examined for drug dependency.
If the examination by a DOH-accredited physician results in the issuance of a certification

that the applicant is a drug dependent, he/she shall be ordered by the Court to undergo
treatment and rehabilitation in a Center designated by the Board for a period of not less than six
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(6) months: Provided, That a drug dependent may be placed under the care of a DOH-
accredited physician where there is no Center near or accessible to the residence of the drug
dependent or where said drug dependent is below eighteen (18) years of age and is a first-time
offender and non-confinement in a Center will not pose a serious danger to his/her family or the
community.
Confinement in a Center for treatment and rehabilitation shall not exceed one (1) year,
after which time the Court, as well as the Board, shall be apprised by the head of the treatment
and rehabilitation center of the status of said drug dependent and determine whether further
confinement will be for the welfare of the drug dependent and his/her family or the community.
B. Prevention and Treatment of Drug Abuse
Drug prevention programs are designed to provide the education and support necessary
to diminish drug dependency in communities, schools and the workplace. Drug abuse
prevention has become an important first step in informing specific individuals about the
dangers of addiction, prevention techniques and where to find recovery help if it should be
deemed necessary.
Drug Abuse Prevention – Education is Key

Drug abuse prevention begins with education, spreading the word regarding the dangers
of drugs to oneself and to the community. These programs are just the beginning. The
information provided is most effective when it is followed up with continued support. Drug
prevention programs seek to involve the family, community or workplace in the prevention
process. To be effective, communities need to sustain the progress. This often requires
continued leadership and financial support.
C. Programs for Drug Prevention

As previously mentioned, drug prevention begins with education. This education can take place
at a number of levels including:
 Family Based Drug Prevention. The prevention of drug abuse should start inside the
family unit as early as possible. There are many obvious benefits of home based drug
prevention education including self-awareness, and the enhancement of parent-child
communication skills and family bonding. Parental supervision and involvement are critical
in adolescents. Parents must not only have a plan to educate their children on the dangers
of drug use and abuse, but they must also establish and enforce family rules. This includes
creating an effective system of monitoring their children’s activities.
 School Based Drug Abuse Prevention Programs. Drug abuse prevention should be
addressed as early as preschool. Preschool children can benefit from learning how to
handle aggression, solve problems, and communicate better so that they can avoid putting
themselves at risk for drug abuse later in life. Middle and high school programs should
focus on peer relationships, communication, assertiveness, drug resistance skills and
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developing anti-drug attitudes. School based prevention programs should be repeated often
for the best level of success.
 Community Based Drug Abuse Prevention Programs. Communities that make an effort
to come together in the fight against drugs are sure to make an impact in the prevention of
drug abuse. There are many places to establish these prevention programs including
schools, churches and community based clubs.
3 Pronged Approached in the Solution of Drug Problems

1. Law enforcement activities
2. Preventive Drug Education and Information
program in school and in communities.
3. Treatment and Rehabilitation programs for drug
dependent.
General Objectives of Drug Abuse Prevention Program
 To develop a full knowledge in the proper use of drugs or any chemical substance
 To develop self esteem
 To develop desirable personal values and an appreciation for life
 To develop proper thinking and decision making skills in relation to every day life
 To guide the youth along the path to a drug free life
The Five Model of Drug Abuse Prevention
1. The law enforcement model- relies on the passage of prohibitory laws and the
infliction of threat of punishment to prevent drug abuse.
2. The medical model- Attempts to treat drug abuse as if it were a infectious pandemic.
This model relies on the early identification and isolation of drug abusers before they
can infect others.
3. The Education Model-It is expected that if young people are educated about the
dangers of drug abuse, they will make the right decisions and avoid drug use.
Application of this model have ranged from scare tactics to factual presentation of the
true effects of drugs.
4. The Psychological Approach- Sees drug use as a means of coping with the
problems and frustrations of adolescence. Transcendental meditation, peer
counselling, crisis hotlines and education about how to cope up with stress and
emotional problems are well viewed as strategies for preventing drug abuse.
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5. The socio cultural model- Sees the roots of drug abuse in our society and not in the
individual. The solution to drug abuse therefore lies changing the society not in
changing the individual.
D. Drug Prevention, Treatment, Care And Intervention
UNODC (United Nation Office of Drug and Crime) Executive Director, Ghada Waly, Commission
on Narcotic Drugs, March 2020, 63rd CND side event "Implementation of the International
Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders - progress and challenges at national level"
"Millions of people around the world suffer from drug use disorders but only one in eight receive
treatment. Far fewer women than men are able to get the treatment and services they need due
to persisting barriers and stigma. Strengthening prevention and treatment of substance use is a
specific target under Sustainable Development Goal to ensure healthy lives and promote well-
being for all."
Drug dependence is considered a multi-factorial health disorder that often follows the
course of a relapsing and remitting chronic disease. Given the individual and socio-economic
burden inflicted by drug dependence, the effective treatment and rehabilitation of patients is of
significant public health importance.
According to the 2021 World Drug Report, over the past year, around 275 million people
have used drugs, up by 22 per cent from 2010. By 2030, demographic factors project the number
of people using drugs to rise by 11 per cent around the world, and as much as 40 per cent in
Africa alone. Yet only one in eight problem drug users have access to drug dependence
treatment services - thus pointing to the large gap in service provision that still remains to be
closed. The magnitude of the suffering caused by drug use is underlined by approximately 42
million "healthy" lives lost as a result of these drugs.

Global public health approaches in drug dependence treatment and care have been the
springboard of existing good practices and remain the most fertile ground for the development of
innovative and effective responses. The best results are achieved when a comprehensive
multidisciplinary approach, which includes diversified pharmacological and psychosocial
interventions, is available to respond to the different needs of the patient. Even taking into
account the requirements for the delivery of evidence-based treatment, its costs are much lower
than the indirect costs caused by untreated drug dependence (prisons, unemployment, law
enforcement, health consequences). Research studies indicate that for every $US 1 invested in
evidence-based treatment, up to $US 7 are saved in terms of costs for drug-related crime and
criminal justice costs alone. When savings related to health care are included, total savings can
exceed costs by a ratio of 12 to 1.
The UNODC Drug Dependence Treatment and Rehabilitation unit also facilitates access
to the latest scientific publications and standards on the topic of drug dependence treatment and
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care and provides guidance on how to translate science into practice, also within low resource
settings.
To secure accessible health care services, social protection, and a new outlook on life for
those negatively affected by drug use disorders, whilst overcoming the prevailing stigma with
regard to this disease, UNODC continues its efforts with determination, in providing direct
support to Member States to: develop sound treatment and rehabilitation systems with a
recovery framework; to enhance health and social service providers' capacities; to provide
support to community-based services as well as to appropriate programmed for people with
drug use disorders within the criminal justice system.
Drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by compulsive, or uncontrollable, drug

seeking and use despite harmful consequences and changes in the brain, which can be long-
lasting. These changes in the brain can lead to the harmful behaviors seen in people who use
drugs. Drug addiction is also a relapsing disease. Relapse is the return to drug use after an
attempt to stop.
The path to drug addiction begins with the voluntary act of taking drugs. But over time, a
person's ability to choose not to do so becomes compromised. Seeking and taking the drug
becomes compulsive. This is mostly due to the effects of long-term drug exposure on brain
function. Addiction affects parts of the brain involved in reward and motivation, learning and
memory, and control over behavior.
Addiction is a disease that affects both the brain and behavior. Because addiction is a chronic
disease, people can’t simply stop using drugs for a few days and be cured. Most patients need
long-term or repeated care to stop using completely and recover their lives.
Addiction treatment must help the person do the following:
 stop using drugs

 stay drug-free
 be productive in the family, at work, and in society
E. Treatments For Drug Addiction
There are many options that have been successful in treating drug addiction, including:
 behavioral counseling
 medication
 medical devices and applications used to treat withdrawal symptoms or deliver skills
training
 evaluation and treatment for co-occurring mental health issues such as depression and
anxiety
 long-term follow-up to prevent relapse
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A range of care with a tailored treatment program and follow-up options can be crucial to
success. Treatment should include both medical and mental health services as needed. Follow-
up care may include community- or family-based recovery support systems.
 Withdrawal. Medications and devices can help suppress withdrawal symptoms

during detoxification.
 Detoxification is not in itself "treatment," but only the first step in the process.
Patients who do not receive any further treatment after detoxification usually
resume their drug use. One study of treatment facilities found that medications
were used in almost 80 percent of detoxifications (SAMHSA, 2014). In November
2017, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted a new indication to an
electronic stimulation device, NSS-2 Bridge, for use in helping reduce opioid
withdrawal symptoms. This device is placed behind the ear and sends electrical
pulses to stimulate certain brain nerves. Also, in May 2018, the FDA approved
lofexidine, a non-opioid medicine designed to reduce opioid withdrawal symptom
 Relapse prevention. Patients can use medications to help re-establish normal

brain function and decrease cravings. Medications are available for treatment of
opioid (heroin, prescription pain relievers), tobacco (nicotine), and alcohol
addiction. Scientists are developing other medications to treat stimulant (cocaine,
methamphetamine) and cannabis (marijuana) addiction. People who use more
than one drug, which is very common, need treatment for all of the substances
they use.
 Opioids: Methadone (Dolophine®, Methadose®), buprenorphine (Suboxone®, Subutex®,

Probuphine® , Sublocade™), and naltrexone (Vivitrol®) are used to treat opioid addiction.
Acting on the same targets in the brain as heroin and morphine, methadone and
buprenorphine suppress withdrawal symptoms and relieve cravings.
 Tobacco: Nicotine replacement therapies have several forms, including the patch, spray,
gum, and lozenges. These products are available over the counter. The U.S. Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two prescription medications for nicotine
addiction: bupropion (Zyban ®) and varenicline (Chantix®). They work differently in the
brain, but both help prevent relapse in people trying to quit. The medications are more
effective when combined with behavioral treatments, such as group and individual
therapy as well as telephone quit lines.
 Alcohol: Three medications have been FDA-approved for treating alcohol addiction and
a fourth, topiramate, has shown promise in clinical trials (large-scale studies with people).
The three approved medications are as follows:
 Naltrexone blocks opioid receptors that are involved in the rewarding effects of
drinking and in the craving for alcohol. It reduces relapse to heavy drinking and is
highly effective in some patients. Genetic differences may affect how well the drug
works in certain patients.
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 Acamprosate (Campral®) may reduce symptoms of long-lasting withdrawal, such as
insomnia, anxiety, restlessness, and dysphoria (generally feeling unwell or unhappy).
It may be more effective in patients with severe addiction.
 Disulfiram (Antabuse®) interferes with the breakdown of alcohol. Acetaldehyde
builds up in the body, leading to unpleasant reactions that include flushing (warmth
and redness in the face), nausea, and irregular heartbeat if the patient drinks alcohol.
Compliance (taking the drug as prescribed) can be a problem, but it may help patients
who are highly motivated to quit drinking.
 Co-occuring conditions: Other medications are available to treat possible mental
health conditions, such as depression or anxiety, that may be contributing to the person’s
addiction.
How are behavioral therapies used to treat drug addiction?
Behavioral therapies help patients:
 modify their attitudes and behaviors related to drug use

 increase healthy life skills
 persist with other forms of treatment, such as medication
Treatment is sometimes intensive at first, where patients attend multiple outpatient sessions
each week. After completing intensive treatment, patients transition to regular outpatient
treatment, which meets less often and for fewer hours per week to help sustain their recovery
LESSON 4: Role of Community and Institutions in the Enforcement of RA 9165
A. Involvement of the Family. – The family being the basic unit of the Filipino society shall
be primarily responsible for the education and awareness of the members of the family
on the ill effects of dangerous drugs and close monitoring of family members who may be
susceptible to drug abuse.
B. Student Councils and Campus Organizations. – All elementary, secondary and

tertiary schools' student councils and campus organizations shall include in their activities
a program for the prevention of and deterrence in the use of dangerous drugs, and
referral for treatment and rehabilitation of students for drug dependence.
C. School Curricula. – Instruction on drug abuse prevention and control shall be integrated
in the elementary, secondary and tertiary curricula of all public and private schools,
whether general, technical, vocational or agro-industrial as well as in non-formal, informal
and indigenous learning systems. Such instructions shall include:
(1) Adverse effects of the abuse and misuse of dangerous drugs on the person, the
family, the school and the community;
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(2) Preventive measures against drug abuse;
(3) Health, socio-cultural, psychological, legal and economic dimensions and implications
of the drug problem;
(4) Steps to take when intervention on behalf of a drug dependent is needed, as well as
the services available for the treatment and rehabilitation of drug dependents; and
(5) Misconceptions about the use of dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to, the
importance and safety of dangerous drugs for medical and therapeutic use as well as the
differentiation between medical patients and drug dependents in order to avoid confusion
and accidental stigmatization in the consciousness of the students.
D. Heads, Supervisors, and Teachers of Schools. –All school heads, supervisors and

teachers shall be deemed persons in authority and, as such, are hereby empowered to
apprehend, arrest or cause the apprehension or arrest of any person who shall violate any of
the said provisions, pursuant to Section 5, Rule 113 of the Rules of Court. They shall be
deemed persons in authority if they are in the school or within its immediate vicinity, or even
beyond such immediate vicinity if they are in attendance at any school or class function in their
official capacity as school heads, supervisors, and teachers.
Any teacher or school employee, who discovers or finds that any person in the school or
within its immediate vicinity is liable for violating any of said provisions, shall have the duty to
report the same to the school head or immediate superior who shall, in turn, report the matter to
the proper authorities. Failure to do so in either case, within a reasonable period from the time of
discovery of the violation shall, after due hearing, constitute sufficient cause for disciplinary
action by the school authorities.
E. Publication and Distribution of Materials on Dangerous Drugs. – With the assistance of

the Board, the Secretary of the Department of Education (DepEd), the Chairman of the
Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and the Director-General of the Technical Education
and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) shall cause the development, publication and
distribution of information and support educational materials on dangerous drugs to the
students, the faculty, the parents, and the community.
3 Pronged Approached in the Solution of Drug Problems

1. Law enforcement activities
2. Preventive Drug Education and Information program in school and in communities.
3. Treatment and Rehabilitation programs for drug dependent
LESSON 5: VICE CONTROL

Vice refers to any immoral conduct or habit, the indulgence of which leads to depravity,
wickedness and corruption of the mind and the body. As a social problem, vice control must be
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a coordinated of the government, the family, the community, the school system, the church,
mass media and civic groups who must actively campaign for the suppression of vices in
society.
The government by means of police power serving as an effective agency control must
embark on suppressive measures against vice maintainers. The community members as whole
must make an effort to attain moral education and economic upliftment thru civic mindedness
and voluntary participation.
Commercial vices- are organized operations which run similarly to a legitimate business
enterprise, branching out legal undertakings as front to cover their illicit trade and lauder illegally
amassed wealth. They maintain complete personnel for purposes of management, supervision
and operation as well as provide funds for security, informers, and protection money to prevent
police raids and arrests, prosecution and conviction if the need arise.
Four most persistent and common forms of vices:
1. Alcoholism
2. Drug addiction
3. Prostitution
4. Gambling
A. ALCOHOLISM
Excessive alcohol use can damage all organ systems, but it particularly affects the brain,
heart, liver, pancreas and immune system. Alcoholism can result in mental illness, delirium
tremens, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, irregular heartbeat, an impaired immune response,
liver cirrhosis and increased cancer risk. Drinking during pregnancy can result in fetal alcohol
spectrum disorders. Women are generally more sensitive than men to the harmful effects of
alcohol, primarily due to their smaller body weight, lower capacity to metabolize alcohol, and
higher proportion of body fat. In a small number of individuals, prolonged, severe alcohol misuse
ultimately leads to cognitive impairment and frank dementia.
Environment and genetics are two factors in the risk of development of alcoholism, with
about half the risk attributed to each. Stress and associated disorders, including anxiety, are key
factors in the development of alcoholism as alcohol consumption can temporarily reduce
dysphoria. Someone with a parent or sibling with an alcohol use disorder is three to four times
more likely to develop an alcohol use disorder themselves, but only a minority of them
do. Environmental factors include social, cultural and behavioral influences. High stress
levels and anxiety, as well as alcohol's inexpensive cost and easy accessibility, increase the
risk. People may continue to drink partly to prevent or improve symptoms of withdrawal. After a
person stops drinking alcohol, they may experience a low level of withdrawal lasting for
months. Medically, alcoholism is considered both a physical and mental illness.
Alcohol intoxication, also known as alcohol poisoning, commonly described
as drunkenness or inebriation, is the negative behavior and physical effects caused by a recent
consumption of alcohol. In addition to the toxicity of ethanol, the main psychoactive component
of alcoholic beverages, other physiological symptoms may arise from the activity
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of acetaldehyde, a metabolite of alcohol. These effects may not arise until hours after ingestion
and may contribute to the condition colloquially known as a hangover.
Kinds of intoxication:
 Involuntary- when a drunken person does not know the intoxicating strength of the
beverage he has taken
 Intentional- when a person deliberately drinks liquor fully knowing its effect, either to
obtain mitigation or to find the liquor as a stimulant to commit crime.
 Habitual- when a person finds that drinking is a constant necessity and the vice ultimately
takes is a constant necessity and the vice ultimately takes hold of him.
Methods of treatment for Alcoholism
1. Aversion Treatment- this therapy seeks to create distaste from alcohol by administration
of a nauseating drug to be followed by a drink of liquor resulting to the dislike of alcohol.
2. Psycho Therapy Method- this remedy depends upon showing that the real problem of
the alcoholic is not the alcohol itself but the emotional problem which urges the sufferer to
drink intoxicating substances. It aims to do away with emotional tension and stress thru
interviews, it undertakes to make the alcoholic be aware of the reason why he consumes
too much alcohol and provide him/her with the strength necessary to address his
problems
3. Program of Alcoholic Anonymous- this treatment is based on conversation and
fellowship. Alcoholic encourage to attend fellowship/meeting of other ex-alcoholics to
share in their fellowship and make themselves available for service to others who are
suffering from the same predicament.
B. Drug addiction
Drug addiction, also called substance use disorder, is a disease that affects a person's
brain and behavior and leads to an inability to control the use of a legal or illegal drug or
medication. Substances such as alcohol, marijuana and nicotine also are considered drugs.
Drug addiction, also called substance dependence or dependence syndrome, is a
condition where a person feels a strong need to take a drug. Addiction also involves other
behaviors. These include finding it difficult to control the need to use the drug and feeling the
use of the drug to be more important than more normal things such as family or work. [1] When
the person does not use the drug for an amount of time, they may suffer from withdrawal.
When a person is addicted, they are usually addicted to a class (a specific kind) of drug.
For example: Heroin is a drug that is in the Opiate class. Which means that a person addicted to
Heroin may also be seen to have an addiction to other opiates such as Morphine. A person who
may easily become addicted to drugs is said to have an addictive personality. The Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders defines drug addiction as a mental disorder. Drug
addiction is often linked with other mental disorders.
C. Prostitution
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Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for
payment. The definition of "sexual activity" varies, and is often defined as an activity
requiring physical contact (e.g. sexual intercourse, non-penetrative sex, oral sex, etc.) with the
customer. The requirement of physical contact also creates the risk of transferring diseases.
Prostitution is sometimes described as sexual services, commercial sex or,
colloquially, hooking. It is sometimes referred to euphemistically as "the world's oldest
profession" in the English-speaking world. A person who works in this field is called a prostitute,
or more inclusively, a sex worker.
Prostitution occurs in a variety of forms, and its legal status varies from country to
country (sometimes from region to region within a given country), ranging from being an
enforced or unenforced crime, to unregulated, to a regulated profession. It is one branch of
the sex industry, along with pornography, stripping, and erotic dancing. Brothels are
establishments specifically dedicated to prostitution. In escort prostitution, the act may take
place at the client's residence or hotel room (referred to as out-call), or at the escort's residence
or a hotel room rented for the occasion by the escort (in-call). Another form is street prostitution.
The position of prostitution and the law varies widely worldwide, reflecting differing opinions.
Some view prostitution as a form of exploitation of or violence against women, and children,
helps to create a supply of victims for human trafficking. Some critics of prostitution as an
institution are supporters of the "Nordic model" that decriminalizes the act of selling sex and
makes the purchase of sex illegal. This approach has also been adopted
by Canada, Iceland, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Norway, France and Sweden. Others view sex
work as a legitimate occupation, whereby a person trades or exchanges sexual acts for money.
D. Gambling
The large profit from gambling is used to circumvent the law, influence politics and public
perception. Funds are available to influence, to bribe, to campaign and to employ the best legal
minds to retain in office friendly public officials and to remove unfriendly ones.
Gambling (also known as betting or gaming) is the wagering of something of value ("the
stakes") on an event with an uncertain outcome with the intent of winning something else of
value. Gambling thus requires three elements to be present: consideration (an amount
wagered), risk (chance), and a prize. The outcome of the wager is often immediate, such as a
single roll of dice, a spin of a roulette wheel, or a horse crossing the finish line, but longer time
frames are also common, allowing wagers on the outcome of a future sports contest or even an
entire sports season.
On the hand, Illegal Gambling is an evil that undermines the social, moral and economic
growth of nation. It is beyond the good morals which have effect of causing poverty, dishonesty,
fraud and deceit . It has neglect social obligations and the welfare of his trade as a source of
income.
Presidential Decree No. 1602- Prescribing stiffer penalties on illegal gambling:
WHEREAS, Philippine Gambling Laws such as Articles 195-199 of the Revised Penal
Code (Forms of Gambling and Betting), R.A. 3063 (Horse racing Bookies), P.D. 449
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(Cockfighting), P.D. 483 (Game Fixing), P.D. 510 (Slot Machines) in relation to Opinion Nos. 33
and 97 of the Ministry of Justice, P.D. 1306 (Jai-Alai Bookies) and other City and Municipal
Ordinances or gambling all over the country prescribe penalties which are inadequate to
discourage or stamp out this pernicious activities. WHEREAS, there is now a need to increase
their penalties to make them more effective in combating this social menace which dissipate the
energy and resources of our people.
Republic Act No. 9287 (April 2, 2004)- An act increasing the penalties for illegal
numbers games, amending certain provisions of presidential Decree no. 1602, and for other
purposes
- the State hereby condemns the existence of illegal gambling activities such as illegal numbers
games as this has become an influential factor in an individual's disregard for the value of
dignified work, perseverance and thrift since instant monetary gains from it are being equated to
success, thereby becoming a widespread social menace and a source of corruption.
E. Smoking- the act of inhaling and exhaling the fumes of burning plant material. A
variety of plant materials are smoked, including marijuana and hashish, but the act is most
commonly associated with tobacco as smoked in a cigarette, cigar, or pipe. Tobacco
contains nicotine, an alkaloid that is addictive and can have both stimulating and tranquilizing
psychoactive effects. The smoking of tobacco, long practiced by American Indians, was
introduced to Europe by Christopher Columbus and other explorers. Smoking soon spread to
other areas and today is widely practiced around the world despite medical, social, and
religious arguments against it.
Smoking and health
At the dawn of the 20th century, the most common tobacco products were cigars, pipe
tobacco, and chewing tobacco. The mass production of cigarettes was in its infancy, although
cigarette smoking was beginning to increase dramatically. Tobacco products were suspected of
producing some adverse health effects, yet tobacco was also considered to have medicinal
properties. Many scholars and health professionals of the day advocated tobacco’s use for such
effects as improved concentration and performance, relief of boredom, and enhanced mood.
By the dawn of the 21st century, in stark contrast, tobacco had become recognized as
being highly addictive and one of the world’s most-devastating causes of death and disease.
Moreover, because of the rapid increase in smoking in developing countries in the late 20th
century, the number of smoking-related deaths per year was projected to rise rapidly in the 21st
century. For example, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that in the late 1990s
there were approximately four million tobacco-caused deaths per year worldwide. This estimate
was increased to approximately five million in 2003 and six million in 2011 and was expected to
reach eight million per year by 2030. An estimated 80 percent of those deaths were projected to
occur in developing countries. Indeed, although tobacco use was declining in many countries of
western Europe and North America and in Australia, it continued to increase in countries of
Asia, Africa, and South America.
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The primary cause of the escalation in the number of deaths and incidents of disease
from tobacco is the large increase in cigarette smoking during the 20th century. During that time
cigarette smoking grew to account for approximately 80 percent of the world’s tobacco market.
Nonetheless, all tobacco products are toxic and addictive. In some regions of the world, the use
of smokeless tobacco products is a major health concern.
Tobacco products are manufactured with various additives to preserve the tobacco’s

shelf life, alter its burning characteristics, control its moisture content, inhibit the hatching of
insect eggs that may be present in the plant material, mask the irritative effects of nicotine, and
provide any of a wide array of flavors and aromas. The smoke produced when tobacco and
these additives are burned consists of more than 4,000 chemical compounds. Many of these
compounds are highly toxic, and they have diverse effects on health.
The primary constituents of tobacco smoke are nicotine, tar (the particulate residue

from combustion), and gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Although nicotine
can be poisonous at very high dosages, its toxic effect as a component of tobacco smoke is
generally considered modest compared with that of many other toxins in the smoke. The main
health effect of nicotine is its addictiveness. Carbon monoxide has profound, immediate health
effects. It passes easily from the lungs into the bloodstream, where it binds to hemoglobin, the
molecule in red blood cells that is responsible for the transfer of oxygen in the body. Carbon
monoxide displaces oxygen on the hemoglobin molecule and is removed only slowly. Therefore,
smokers frequently accumulate high levels of carbon monoxide, which starves the body of
oxygen and puts an enormous strain on the entire cardiovascular system.
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF SMOKING
Addiction
A major health effect common to all forms of tobacco use is addiction, or, more

technically, dependence. Addiction is not lethal in its own right, but it contributes to tobacco-
caused death and disease, since it spurs smokers to continue their habit, which repeatedly
exposes them to the toxins in tobacco smoke. Although there are many historical accounts of
the apparent ability of tobacco use to escalate into an addiction for some smokers, it was not
until the 1980s that leading health organizations such as the Office of the Surgeon General in
the United States, the Royal Society of Canada, and WHO formally concluded that cigarettes
are highly addictive on the basis of their ability to deliver large doses of nicotine into the lungs,
from which blood quickly carries it to the brain.
Nicotine produces the entire range of physical and behavioral effects characteristic of
addiction. These effects include activation of brain reward systems that create behavioral effects
and physiological cravings that lead to chronic use, tolerance and physical dependence, and
withdrawal upon discontinuation. Addiction to tobacco also involves a variety of constituents in
tobacco smoke that, for many people, have pleasurable sensory characteristics
and enhance nicotine’s effects. Such constituents as ammonia, menthol, clavulanic acid, and
even chocolate improve a cigarette’s flavor and aroma. Cigarettes are addicting, more so than
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nicotine medications, such as nicotine patches and gum, whose sensory and other effects are
weaker and less desirable
Cancer
It is estimated that approximately one-third of all cancer deaths worldwide are attributable

to tobacco. Cigarette smoke contains more than 60 known carcinogens, including tobacco-
specific nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Although certain of the body’s
enzymes metabolize carcinogens and cause them to be excreted, these enzymes sometimes
function inadequately, allowing carcinogens to bind to cellular DNA and damage it. When cells
with damaged DNA survive, replicate, and accumulate, cancers occur. Cancerous cells can
metastasize—that is, travel to other sites in the body—causing the cancer to spread. Cancer
risk is partly determined by the toxicity of tobacco products; however, the risk of disease is also
strongly related to the amount and duration of toxin exposure. The longer and more frequently a
person smokes, the more likely a tobacco-related cancer will develop. For this reason, addiction
is a strong indirect contributor to other diseases in that it promotes high-level and persistent
exposure to cancer-causing agents.
Lung disease
It is not surprising that smokers suffer from many respiratory diseases other than lung cancer.
One such disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, which is one of the major
causes of debilitation and eventual death in cigarette smokers. More than 80 percent of those
diagnosed with COPD are smokers, and most of these people die prematurely, with a greater
number of women dying from COPD than men. COPD is a general term that refers to
respiratory diseases in which airflow is obstructed. Women’s airways appear to be more
sensitive to the effect of cigarette smoke. Women with COPD often experience greater
breathlessness and a disproportionately greater thickening of airway walls relative to men with
COPD. Most commonly, COPD refers to chronic bronchitis (chronic cough and phlegm
production) and emphysema (permanent enlargement of air spaces accompanied by
deterioration of lung walls), although specific diagnostic criteria sometimes differ. Active
smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke are also responsible for increases in
other respiratory ailments, such as pneumonia, the common cold, and influenza. Smokers who
contract these ailments take longer than nonsmokers to recover from them. Children are
especially susceptible to the effects of environmental tobacco smoke. When raised in a
household in which they are regularly exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, children are
more likely to suffer from asthma and chronic cough, and they may suffer from reduced lung
growth and function.
Heart disease
Smoking has long been recognized as a major risk factor in cardiovascular disease, the risk
being greater the more one smokes. As previously discussed, the carbon monoxide present in
cigarette smoke binds to hemoglobin in the blood, making fewer molecules available for oxygen
transport. In addition, coronary blood flow is reduced, forcing the heart to work harder to
102
deliver oxygen to the body. Such strain places smokers at significantly greater risk
for myocardial infarction, or heart attack, and stroke. There are, however, regional and sex
differences in the incidence of smoking-related cardiovascular disease. In China, for example,
where about 53 percent of adult males smoke (as opposed to about 2.4 percent of adult
females), cardiovascular disease makes up a much smaller percentage of smoking-related
deaths than in the United States and Europe, where it accounts for approximately 30 to 40
percent of all tobacco-caused deaths. Research has also shown that for women even light
or moderate smoking (from 1 to 14 cigarettes smoked per day) substantially increases risk for
sudden cardiac death. After quitting, a smoker’s risk for cardiovascular disease falls faster than
the risk for lung cancer, with reductions in risk evident within one year of cessation
Nicotine replacement therapy
Nicotine replacement therapy delivers nicotine to the body in controlled, relatively small

doses, typically by means of a transdermal patch, chewing gum, a nasal spray, an inhaler, or
tablets. These products do not contain the tar, carbon monoxide, or other toxic ingredients that
are largely responsible for the health hazards of smoking, and, because they deliver controlled
doses of nicotine, they are much less addictive than cigarettes. All these products are
comparably effective, and advice on making a selection can be obtained from health
organizations, health professionals, and the providers of the therapy. In particular, pregnant
women, adolescents, and people with heart disease should consult a health professional for
advice on product selection and dosing.
COURSE ACTIVITIES
Okay! Let’s now SHOOT the

target
Note: These activities will help you to understand better the essence of the Vice and Drug
Education Control subject. While doing these activities you can be able appreciate every part of
it.
Activity No. I. (Multiple Choice)

Instructions:
1. Read and familiarize the Forms of Drugs;
2. Choose the correct answer based on the topic Forms of Drugs; and
3. This activity is consist of 15 points.
Multiple Choice
1. Natural plant involves the medicinal use of plants to treat disease and enhance general
health and well being
a) Natural Drugs b) Synthetic/Artificial c) Prohibited drug d) Regulated drug
102
2. It means a narcotic drug, a depressant or stimulant drug, other than methamphetamine, a
hallucinogenic drug, Ecstasy, marijuana, or methamphetamine whose possession or use is
regulated by law.
3. It includes self-inducing sedatives, such as secobarbital, phenobarbital, pentobarbital,
barbital, amobarbital and any other drug which contains a salt or a derivative of a salt of
barbituric acid; any salt, isomer or salt of an isomer, of amphetamine, such as Benzedrine or
Dexedrine, or any drug which produces a physiological action similar to amphetamine; and
hypnotic drugs, such as methaqualone or any other compound producing similar physiological
effects
4. The illegal cultivation, culture, delivery, administration, dispensation, manufacture, sale,
trading, transportation, distribution, importation, exportation and possession of any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical
a) Illegal Trafficking b) Instrument c) Drug Syndicate d) Cultivate or Culture
5. These are drugs which suppress vital body functions especially those of the brain or central
nervous system with the resulting impairment of judgement, hearing, speech and muscular
coordination.
a) Depressants b) Instrument Inhalants/Solvents c) Stimulants d) Hallucinogens
6. The consist of a variety of mind-altering drugs, which distort reality, thinking and perceptions
of time, sound, space and sensation
7. These produce effects opposite to that of depressants. Instead of bringing about relaxation
and sleep, they produce increased mental alertness, wakefulness, reduce hunger, and provide a
feeling of well-being. increase mental and/or physical function
8. Those who use drugs to keep them awake or for additional energy to perform an important
work. Such individual may or may not exhibit psychological dependence.
a) Hippies b) Hardcore addicts c) Spree user d) Situational user

9. Those who are addicted to drugs believing that drug is an integral part of life.
10. Those whose activities revolves almost entirely around drug use and securing supplies.
They show strong psychological dependence on the drug.
102
11. Depressant drugs which reduce anxiety and excitement such as barbiturates, tranquilizers
and alcohol
a) Sedatives b) Stimulants c) Hallucinogen/Psychedelics d) Situational user
12. Drug cartel based in southern Colombia, around the city of Cali and the Valle del Cauca
Department. Its founders were the brothers Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela and Miguel Rodríguez
Orejuela, and José Santacruz Londoño.
a) Cali Cartle b) Medellín Cartel c) Norte del Valle Cartel d) Gulf Cartel
13. It is the area where the borders of Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar meet at the confluence of
the Ruak and Mekong rivers.
a) Golden Triangle b) Golden Crescent c) Norte del Valle Cartel d) Gulf Cartel
14. Excessive feeling of self worth or self esteem or sense of self importance.
a) Pride b) Anger c) Lust d) Gluttony
15. Burning sexual desire can distort the human mind to drug abuse
a) Pride b) Anger c) Lust d) Gluttony
Activity No. 2. (Identification)
Instructions:
1. Read and analyze the Salient Provisions of Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act;
2. Identify and give the correct the answer; and
Identification
1. It will determine the positive result as well as the type of drugs used.
2. Shall be done by any government forensic laboratories or by any of the drug testing
laboratories accredited and monitored by the DOH to safeguard the quality of test results.
3. No driver’s license shall be issued or renewed to any person unless he/she undergone drug
test and free from the use of dangerous drugs.
4. This Act shall be known and cited as the "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002".
5. The policy-making and strategy-formulating body in the planning and formulation of policies
and programs on drug prevention and control.
6. It will confirm a positive screening test..
7. Shall designate special courts from among the existing Regional Trial Courts in each judicial
region to exclusively try and hear cases involving violations of RA 9165.
8. Covers the intelligence or case build-up and/or negation operation for the arrest of violator/s
and suppression, seizure or confiscation of dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous
drugs, and controlled precursors and essential chemicals of the Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency (PDEA)
9. It is form of operation of entrapment employed bay law enforcers as an effective way of
apprehending a criminal in the act of the commission of an offense.
102
10. It is an order in writing issued in the name of the People of the Philippines signed by a judge
and directed to a peace officer commanding him to search for personal property described in
it and bring it to court.
Activity No. 3. (ESSAY)

Instructions:
1. Read and familiarize the topic on Program for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug
Dependents;
2. Discuss and explain atleast one program for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug
Dependents; and
Rubric for the Activity
Rubric Scoring Guide
Activity 3 20 15 10 TOTAL
The idea and The idea and The idea and
ESSAY explanation are explanation are explanation are
perfect and perfect but not clear
relevant. relevant
OVERALL TOTAL

Instructions:
1. Read and familiarize the topic on Role of Community and Institutions in the Enforcement
of RA 9165;
2. Submit a narrative report regarding the role of community and government in the drug
abuse prevention program; and
The narrative report The narrative The narrative
ESSAY is ideal and relevant report is somehow report is confusing
and conforms with relevant and the
the topic. The usage of grammar
grammar is perfect is not properly
observed.
102

Instructions:
1. Analyze and comprehend the concept of Vice Control topic;
2. Discuss and explain the concept of vice control; and
The explanation is The explanation is The explanation is
ESSAY well manifested and well manifested not clearly
grammar is perfect but the grammar manifested
is not coherent
Activity No. 6. Writing Summary

Instructions:
1. In not more than 5 pages, write a simple summary of the lessons presented;
2. Write your summary legibly and simple, avoid superimposition and highfalutin words
on your answer; and
3. Your summary will be graded base on the rubrics provided in this module.
Rubrics for the Summary
RUBRIC SCORING GUIDE
Activity No. 6 30 20 10 TOTAL
The summary is The summary is The summary
very informative and somewhat gives some
Summary well organized. The informative but information but
grammar is perfect. there are some poorly organized.
errors in the There are some
organization of grammatical
topics. There are errors.
some grammatical
errors.
References:
 Soriano, OG, (2006) Comprehensive Drug education, Revised Edition with RA
9165, Great Book Publishing, Quezon City
102
 Republic Act 9165 and Its IRR, (2002) The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act
of 2002
 Guevara, RM (2013), Dangerous Drugs and Vice Control, Wiseman Books
Trading, Inc, Quezon City
Online References
 https://www.bigwas.com/2014/11/drug-education-and-vice-control-
reviewer.html
 https://pdfcoffee.com/drug-education-and-vice-control-2-pdf-free.html
 https://pdfcoffee.com/drug-education-and-vice-control-4-pdf-free.html
 https://drugabuse.com/addiction/drug-prevention/
 https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/drug-prevention-and-treatment/index.html
 https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2014/ra_10640_2014.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cali_Cartel
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norte_del_Valle_Cartel
 https://www.history.com/topics/crime/history-of-drug-trafficking
 https://www.britannica.com/topic/smoking-tobacco
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6634291/
This is the end of Module and I hope you have learned a lot in undergoing the
different activities provided above.

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102

Second Semester UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE, INC.,

LESSON 1. Forms of Drugs

Endorsed for Checking by:

MRS. GILDA C. OCTAVO, PH.D. Crim.

MADEILYN B. ESTACIO, PH.D.

1. This Module is composed of Introduction, Module Mapping, Learning Outcomes, Pre-

This module/unit is patterned to an Author-made model personally derived by the writer

Mapping for Module

Identify the Salient Provisions  Identification The Students will

Discuss the Program for  Discussion on The Students will

Discuss the Role of The Students will

Discuss the concept of Vice

Discuss the answers of the V. Summative The Students will

OK! Let’s ENGAGE

Expected Learning Outcomes:

II. COURSE EXERCISE/PRE-TEST

Okay! You may now PRACTICE

Pre-Test/Practice Test I. (True of False)

III. COURSE CONTENT/LOAD

Let’s now LOAD

LESSON 1: FORMS OF DRUGS

TWO MAJOR FORMS OF DRUGS

2. Synthetic/Artificial –Synthetic drugs are chemical compounds produced or process in

"Regulated drug," which includes self-inducing sedatives, such as secobarbital, phenobarbital,

Controlled Delivery. – The investigative technique of allowing an unlawful or suspect

Illegal Trafficking – The illegal cultivation, culture, delivery, administration, dispensation,

Use – Any act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly, of consuming, either by chewing,

Drug Addictions – A state of periodic or chronic (continuous) intoxication (drunk) detrimental to

Drug Dependence – A state of psychic or physical dependence, or both on dangerous drugs,

MOST ABUSED DRUGS

MOST COMMON REASONS FOR USING DRUGS

DANGEROUS DRUG EFFECTS AND IDENTITY

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS ACCORDING TO EFFECT

B. The Stimulants (Uppers)

These produce effects opposite to that of depressants. Instead of bringing about

1. Amphetamines – used medically for weight reducing in obesity, relief of mild

Cocaine - is a stimulant of the central nervous system and an appetite suppressant,

1879 - cocaine was used to treat morphine addiction.

C. The Hallucinogens (Psychedelic)

WARNING SIGNS OF COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS

3. Stimulants - ex. cocaine, amphetamines

4. Inhalants - ex. glues, aerosols, vapors

5 . Hallucinogens - ex. LSD, PCP

Classification of Drugs according to Pharmacology

Classifications of Drugs according to Legal Categories

Classification of Drug user/Abuser

Commonly abused drugs:

Primary causes of drug addiction:

THE DRUG SYNDICATES

a) The Medellín Cartel (Spanish: Cartel de Medellín) was a powerful and highly

Why are drug syndicates recruiting Filipinos in particular?

Modus Operandi of Drug Syndicates in Recruiting Drug Couriers

ILLICIT DRUG ROUTE

First important drug traffic route-

Second Major Drug traffic route

a) Golden Triangle of Drug Trafficking- second largest producer of opium, The Golden

 Afghanistan- number one supplier of opium.

LESSON 2. Salient Provisions of Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act

REPUBLIC ACT No. 9165: JUNE 7, 2002

B. Unlawful Acts and Penalties

Importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential

Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and Transportation of

E. Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. -