Student’s Name: Kiara M.

Forcadilla Year Level & Section BSN 2 A Date: November 4, 2021

Pharmacological Nursing Study (Drug Study) Worksheet

Generic/Brand Dose Strength & Indication/ Adverse/Side Nursing Responsibilities Rationale Client Teaching Evaluation
Name & Drug Formulation Mechanism of Drug Effects & Drug
Classification Action Interaction
Drugs acting on Adult dose Indication: Adverse effect: Nursing Assessment: • If you have any  Patient maintains
the Lower 2-3 drops or Nasal decongestant: Large dosages can  Any history of All of which might negative side effects, tissue perfusion
Respiratory sprays Topical treatment to cause tachycardia hypersensitivity be increased by you should stop taking and cellular
Tract 2 times/day the nasal mucosa and palpitations to the medicine sympathomimetic the medication. oxygenation
lowers nasal output (especially in those or a component effects,  Patient maintains
Generic Name: Pediatric Dose and promotes sinus who have heart of the drug necessitating • Do not use for more adequate cardiac
Phenylephrine 2-3 drops or drainage. problems). vehicle; careful medication than 3 days for nasal output
sprays 2 dizziness, nausea, glaucoma; usage. decongestion (rebound  Patient and family
Brand Name: times/day Ophthalmic: and vomiting hypertension; congestion). state
Neo-Synephrine Conjunctival (cardiac illness). diabetes; thyroid understanding of
Nasal application reduces Overdosage in illness; • If you have drug therapy.
Drug decongestant congestion, itching, patients above the cardiovascular insomnia, dizziness,
Classification: Refrain from and slight age of 60 disease; and weakness, tremor, or
Decongestant using from more discomfort; whitens Hallucinations, CNS prostate issues; palpitations, stop
than 3 the sclera of the eye depression, and pregnancy and taking the medication.
consecutive days. seizures may occur breastfeeding;
Parenteral: Vascular after years. Chronic and acute
Intranasal: failure has occurred. nasal mucosa infections should • Nasal: Stinging/
ADULTS, Shock, swelling, often all be considered burning of nasal
ELDERLY, supraventricular known as rhinitis, warnings and mucosa may occur.
CHILDREN 12 YRS tachycardia, and can result from contraindications.
AND OLDER: q4h hypotension are all prolonged nasal • Ophthalmic: With
as required, 1–2 symptoms of shock. usage. Corneal  Perform a To create baseline ongoing therapy, the
drops or 1–2 clouding may occur physical data for evaluating blurring of vision
sprays of 0.25 Mechanism of Drug if phenylephrine 10 examination the drug's efficacy caused by ocular
percent–0.5 Action percent ophthalmic as well as the instillation usually
percent solution is injected into a occurrence of any fades.
into each nostril Acts on vascular denuded/damaged drug-related side
CHILDREN 6–11 smooth muscle corneal epithelium. effects • If you notice
YEARS: 1–2 drops alpha-adrenergic redness/swelling of
or 1–2 sprays of receptors. Causes Side effects:  Examine the skin's To assess the your eyes or itching,
0.25 percent nasal Frequent: Nasal: color and sympathetic stop taking the
solution into each mucosa/conjunctiva Overuse causes warmth. response. medicine.
nostril every four arterioles to rebound nasal
hours as needed. contract, resulting in congestion,
systemic especially when  Examine the To assess the
CHILDREN 2–5 vasoconstriction. used for more than reflexes and drug's effects on
YRS: 1 drop of Vasoconstriction of 3 days. orientation. the central
0.125 percent the arteries nervous system
solution in each Occasional: CNS
nostril (to Therapeutic effect: stimulation (mild)
produce 0.125 Reduces mucosal (restlessness,  Pulse, blood To determine the
percent, dilute blood flow and nervousness, pressure, and effects of
0.5 percent alleviates tremors, headache, cardiac sympathomimetic
solution with 0.9 congestion. insomnia, auscultation and cardiovascular
percent NaCl). Increases B/P while particularly in those should all be drugs
Repeat every 2–4 lowering heart rate hypersensitive to monitored.
hours as required. owing to lower sympathomimetics,
cardiac output. such as elderly pts).
PO: ADULTS,
ELDERLY, Nasal: Nasal
CHILDREN 13 YRS mucosa stinging,  Examine To determine the
AND OLDER: 10 burning, and respirations and drug's efficacy as
mg every four dryness any unusual well as any
hours as needed breath sounds. potential side
for up to seven Ophthalmic: effects
days. CHILDREN Transient burning/
6–11 YEARS: Take stinging, brow ache,
5 mg every four blurred vision.  Examine the Monito for lesions
hours as needed mucous that could lead to
for up to seven Drug Interaction: systemic
days. 2.5 mg q4h DRUG: MAOIs may membrane in absorption and to
as required for up enhance the effects your nose. see how effective
to 7 days in of vasopressors. the decongestant
children aged 4– Tricyclic is.
5. antidepressants
may have an
Hypotension, adverse effect on
Shock IV Bolus: the cardiovascular
ADULTS, system.
ELDERLY: 0.1–0.5
mg/ dose q10– HERBAL: Ephedra  Take note on the To see whether
15min as needed. and yohimbe may urine production. there is any
CHILDREN: 5–20 stimulate the urinary retention
mcg/kg/dose central nervous
q10–15min as system.  Take note on the To monitor for the
needed. IV temperature. possibility of acute
Infusion: ADULTS, FOOD: None infection.
ELDERLY: 100– known. LAB
180 mcg/min or  Provide proper To ensure the
0.5 mcg/kg/min. VALUES: None administration. therapeutic
Titrate to desired significant. efficacy of the
response. medicine, teach
CHILDREN: 0.1– the patient how to
0.5 mcg/kg/min. administer it
Titrate to desired properly.
effect.
 Instruct for the Clear the nasal
specific passages before
techniques using the drops or
spray, tilt the head
back when
applying the drops
or spray, and keep
it tilted back for a
 few seconds after
administration;
this technique
ensures contact
with the affected
mucous
membranes and
reduces the
chances of the
drops trickling
down the back of
the throat, which
could lead to more
systemic effects.

 Remind the To make it easier

patient not to to uncover
take the medicine underlying medical
for more than 5 issues that may
days and to seek need to be treated
medical attention
if the signs and
symptoms persist.

 Overdosing Warn the patient

should be avoided that these
at all costs. medications are
present in many
over-the-counter
remedies and that
it is important not
to mix drugs with
the same
components by
 accident, since this
might result in an
overdose.

 If the client To protect the

experience patient from harm
dizziness or
drowsiness as a
consequence of
your medication,
take precautions.

 Comfort Other steps to

measures should assist decrease
be implemented. congestion pain
(e.g., use of a
humidifier,
increased fluid
intake, cool
atmosphere,
avoidance of
smoke-filled
locations) should
be implemented as
needed.

 Encourage and To assist the

support them. patient in coping
with the condition
and medication
regimen

 Encourage the Since the benefits

patient to use might take up to
 topical nasal three weeks to
steroid emerge
decongestants on
a daily basis, even
if benefits aren't
visible right away.

 Inspect for Monitor the

infection. patient for signs of
an acute infection
that would
necessitate
medical attention;
advise the patient
to avoid situations
where airborne
infections might be
a concern because
steroid usage
reduces the
immune and
inflammatory
responses'
efficacy.
Generic/Brand Dose Strength & Indication/ Adverse/Side Nursing Responsibilities Rationale Client Teaching Evaluation
Name & Drug Formulation Mechanism of Drug Effects & Drug
Classification Action Interaction
Drugs acting on Availability: Indication: Adverse effects: Nursing Assessment:  If paradoxical  The patient's signs
the Lower MDI: 90 Bronchospasm An overabundance bronchospasm and
Respiratory mcg/actuation caused by reversible of  Examine for any This is due to the occurs, advise symptoms improve.
Tract MDI: 2 obstructive airway sympathomimetic known allergies to patients who are the patient to  Adverse
inhalations q4-q6 disease is treated or stimulation avoid under situations in cease taking medication
Generic Name: as needed prevented, as is Palpitations, hypersensitivity which possibilities the medication responses have
Albuterol exectopy, reactions; of harm to the right away.
 NEB: 2.5 mg/3 ml, exercise-induced tachycardia, chest cigarette use, fetus or  Clear your caused no harm to
Brand Name: 2.5 mg/0.5 ml bronchospasm. discomfort, and a which affects the breastfeeding baby nasal passages the patient.
AccuNeb NEB: 1.25-5 mg modest rise in B/P drug's and throat  Drug therapy is
q4-6h as needed Mechanism of Drug are all possible side metabolism; before using understood by the
Drug AccuNeb: 0.63- Action: effects. peptic ulcer, the metered- patient and his or
Classification: 1.25 mg/3 ml Stimulates beta2- Chills, diaphoresis, gastritis, renal or dose inhaler. her family.
Bronchodilators adrenergic receptors and skin blanching hepatic Breathe out as
(Beta 2 agonist) Acute in lungs, resulting in ensue, followed by dysfunction, and much air as
Bronchospasm relaxation of a significant coronary disease, you can from
Inhalation: AGE bronchial reduction. Too- all of which can your lungs. As
OF 12 YEARS: smooth muscle. frequent be aggravated the dosage is
(Acute, Severe): Alternatively, and necessitate delivered,
4–8 puffs every Therapeutic Effect: excessive usage caution; and place the
20 minutes for up Reduces airway may result in a pregnancy and mouthpiece
to 4 hours, then resistance and reduction in lactation, which firmly in your
every 1–4 hours relieves performance. are mouth and
as required. bronchospasm. bronchodilator contraindications. inhale deeply.
CHILDREN 12 efficacy and Hold your
YEARS AND severity  Examine the color To establish a breath for a
YOUNGER: 4–8 Bronchoconstriction of your skin as baseline for few seconds,
puffs q20min for with a twist. well as the determining the then remove
3 doses, then q1– existence of any efficacy of a the
4h as required Side effects: lesions. medicine. mouthpiece
(Acute, Severe). 2 Frequent (27%– and gently
puffs every 4–6 4%): Headache;  Blood pressure, To provide a exhale.
hours as needed restlessness, pulse, cardiac baseline for the  If more than
(Quick Relief). anxiety, tremors; auscultation, cardiovascular one inhalation
ADULTS, THE nausea; dizziness; peripheral system's effects. is requested,
ELDERLY, AND throat dryness and perfusion, and an tell the patient
CHILDREN OVER irritation, electrocardiogram to wait at least
THE AGE OF 12 pharyngitis; B/P baseline are all 2 minutes
YEARS: 2.5–5 mg changes, including things to keep an before
q20min for 3 hypertension; eye on. repeating the
doses, then 2.5– heartburn, brief treatment.
10 mg q1–4h or wheezing; B/P  Examine bowel To provide a  Warn the
10–15 mg/hr changes, including sounds, do a liver baseline for testing patient of the
continuously hypertension; B/P examination, and of renal and dangers of
(Acute, Severe). changes, including keep track of liver hepatic function. accidently
1.25–5 mg q4–8h hypertension; and renal function spraying
as required heartburn, testing. inhalant into
(Quick Relief). transient wheezing. their eyes,
CHILDREN AGE 12  Evaluate serum To establish a which might
AND UP: 0.15 Occasional (3%– theophylline baseline and result in
mg/kg q20min for 2%): Insomnia, levels identify temporary
3 doses asthenia, and a circumstances that clouded vision.
(minimum: 2.5 change in taste. may necessitate  When taking a
mg), then 0.15– caution while using bronchodilator,
0.3 mg/kg q1–4h Inhalation: Cough; xanthines. advise the
as needed bronchial patient to limit
inflammation; dry,  As needed, assess To take note on caffeine-
PO (Extended- irritated mouth or urine output and the anticholinergic containing
Release): throat prostate effects. foods and
ADULTS, palpation. herbs such as
CHILDREN OLDER Rare: Anorexia, coffee, cola,
THAN 12 YRS: 4– drowsiness,  Examine your To assess the and chocolate.
8 mg every 12 diarrhea, dry lips, orientation, impact of the  Demonstrate
hours. Maximum flushing, emotions, and central nervous how to take
dose: 32 diaphoresis reflexes. system the patient's
milligrams per pulse. Instruct
day. CHILDREN 6– Drug Interaction: him to check
12 YEARS: 4 mg DRUG: Beta-  Relieve GI distress If GI discomfort is his pulse
every 12 hours. blockers (beta- an issue, use the before and
Maximum dose: blockers) oral medication after using the
24 milligrams per counteract the with food or milk bronchodilator,
day. Adults, the effects of beta- to ease it. and to contact
elderly, and adrenergic agonists. the prescribing
children 12 years Bronchospasm may physician if his
and older should occur. The pulse rate rises
nebulize 2.5 mg cardiovascular  Take note on how To assess the beyond 20 to
3–4 times a day effects of the medicine efficacy of the 30 beats per
as required. 0.63– atomoxetine, affects the client medication dose minute.
1.25 mg 3–4 MAOIs, and tricyclic and to alter the
times per day, as antidepressants dose as needed,
required, for may be amplified. monitor the
children aged 2– Loop diuretics patient's reaction
11. ADULTS, THE (which cause to the treatment
ELDERLY, AND hypokalemia) and (e.g., alleviation of
CHILDREN AGE 4 sympathomi metics' respiratory
AND UP: 1–2 effects may be trouble, better
puffs every 4–6 amplified (increase airflow).
hours. 12 puffs CNS stimulation).
maximum per day  Assist in providing To assist the
HERBAL: St. John's comfort patient cope with
Exercise-Induced wort has been the effects of
Bronchospasm shown to reduce medication
Inhalation: 2 levels and effects. therapy, provide
PUFFS 5–30 Ephedra and comfort measures
MINUTES BEFORE yohimbe may such as rest
EXERCISE FOR stimulate the intervals, a calm
ADULTS, THE central nervous atmosphere,
ELDERLY, AND system. caffeine dietary
CHILDREN 5 management, and
YEARS AND FOOD: Limit headache therapy
OLDER CHILDREN caffeine (may cause if needed.
AGE 4 AND UP: 1– CNS stimulation).
2 puffs 5 minutes  Make sure to Monitor serum
prior to activity. LAB VALUES: May follow up. theophylline levels
increase blood with frequent
Usual Neonatal glucose level. May follow-up,
Dosage decrease serum including blood
Nebulization: potassium level. testing.
1.25–2.5 mg
 every 8 hours.  Drug reaction Assure the patient
Inhalation: 90 varies per person. that the medicine
mcg/spray of choice will
(mechanically change from
ventilated), 1–2 person to person;
sprays every 6 sympathomimetic
hours. are somewhat
different
compounds that
are manufactured
in a range of
delivery methods;
a patient may need
to try many
sympathomimetic
before finding the
most effective one.

 Dosage and Advise the patient

administration to use the smallest
must be done dose necessary for
correctly. the shortest time
possible to avoid
side effects and
medication
buildup.

Resources:

Springhouse Nurse’s Drug Guide (200) foreword by Samantha Venable, RN, MA, FNP Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

https://nurseslabs.com/decongestants/