Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C.

Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
Activity 26 - Latitudes and Departures
The following are the observed deflection angle data of a deflection traverse:
Station A, 78˚52'R; Station B, 134˚20'R; Station C, 52˚21'L; Station D, 112˚15'R; and
Station E, 81˚32'R. Course Lengths: AB, 267.32m; BC, 152.42m; CD, 465.62m; DE,
132.16m; and EA, 537.13m. If the azimuth (reckoned from south) of course AB is
232˚12, determine the latitude and departure of each course. Tabulate computed values
accordingly.
Solutions:
Bearing:
Computation of Latitude on each course:
AB = (267.32)(cos 52˚12′ ) = +𝟏𝟔𝟑. 𝟖𝟒
BC = (152.42)(cos 6˚32′ ) = −𝟏𝟓𝟏. 𝟒𝟑
CD = (465.62)(cos 45˚49′ ) = −𝟑𝟐𝟒. 𝟓𝟐
DE = (132.16)(cos 66˚26′ ) = −𝟓𝟐. 𝟖𝟒
EA = (537.13)(cos 32˚2′ ) = +𝟒𝟓𝟓. 𝟑𝟓

Computation of departure on each course"

AB = (267.32)(sin 52˚12′ ) = +𝟐𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐
BC = (152.42)(sin 6˚32′ ) = −𝟏𝟕. 𝟑𝟒
CD = (465.62)(sin 45˚49′ ) = +𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟗𝟎
DE = (132.16)(sin 66 ˚26′ ) = −𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟏𝟒
EA = (537.13)(sin 32˚2′ ) = −𝟐𝟖𝟒. 𝟗𝟎
Tabulated Solution:
Course Bearing Length (meters) Latitude Departure
AB N52˚12′ 𝐸 267.32 +163.84 +211.22
BC S6˚32′ 𝑊 152.42 −151.43 −17.34
CD S45˚49′ 𝐸 465.62 −324.52 +333.90
DE S66˚26′ 𝑊 132.16 −52.84 −121.14
EA N32˚2′ 𝑊 537.13 +455.35 −284.90
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
Activity 27 - Determining Linear Error of Closure and Bearing of the Side of Error
Given below are the observed data from a closed traverse survey:
Course Azimuth Reckoned from North Length (meters)
AB 226˚51' 166.11
BC 265˚57' 181.38
CD 352˚12' 171.17
DE 82˚15' 220.81
EA 132˚49' 132.61

Compute the following:

a. Latitude and departure of each course, linear error of closure, direction of the
side of error, and the relative error of closure.
Computation of Latitude on each course:
AB = (166.11)(cos 226˚51′ ) = −𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟔𝟎
BC = (181.38)(cos 265˚57′ ) = −𝟏𝟐. 𝟖𝟏
CD = (171.17)(cos 352˚12′ ) = 𝟏𝟔𝟗. 𝟓𝟗
DE = (220.81)(cos 82˚15′ ) = 𝟐𝟗. 𝟕𝟖
EA = (132.61)(cos 132˚49′ ) = −𝟗𝟎. 𝟏𝟑

Computation of departure on each course"

AB = (166.11)(sin 226˚51′ ) = −𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟏𝟗
BC = (181.38)(sin 265˚57′ ) = −𝟏𝟖𝟎. 𝟗𝟑
CD = (171.17)(sin 352˚12′ ) = −𝟐𝟑. 𝟐𝟑
DE = (220.81)(sin 82 ˚15′ ) = 𝟐𝟏𝟖. 𝟕𝟗
EA = (132.61)(sin 132˚49′ ) = 𝟗𝟐. 𝟐𝟕

∑ 𝑁𝐿 = 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐶𝐷 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐷𝐸 = ∑ 𝑁𝐿 = 169.59 + 29.78 = ∑ 𝑁𝐿 = 199.37

∑ 𝑆𝐿 = 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐴𝐵 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐵𝐶 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐸𝐴 = ∑ 𝑆𝐿 = −113.60 − 12.81 − 90.13
∑ 𝑆𝐿 = −216.54
∑ 𝐸𝐷 = 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐷𝐸 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐸𝐴 = ∑ 𝐸𝐷 = 218.79 + 92.27 = ∑ 𝐸𝐷 = 311.06
∑ 𝑊𝐷 = 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐴𝐵 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐵𝐶 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐶𝐷 = ∑ 𝑊𝐷 = −121.19 − 180.93 − 23.23
∑ 𝑊𝐷 = −325.35
 𝐶𝐿 = ∑ 𝑁𝐿 + ∑ 𝑆𝐿 = 𝐶𝐿 = 199.37 + (−216.54) = 𝐶𝐿 = −17.17
𝐶𝐷 = ∑ 𝐸𝐷 + ∑ 𝑊𝐷 = 𝐶𝐷 = 311.06 + (−325.35) = 𝐶𝐷 = −14.29

Linear Error of Closure

𝐿𝐸𝐶 = √(𝐶𝐿 )2 + (𝐶𝐷 )2 = 𝐿𝐸𝐶 = √(−17.17)2 + (−14.29)2

𝑳𝑬𝑪 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟑𝟒
𝐷 = 𝐿𝐴𝐵 + 𝐿𝐵𝐶 + 𝐿𝐶𝐷 + 𝐿𝐷𝐸 + 𝐿𝐸𝐴 = 𝐷 = 166.11 + 181.38 + 171.17 + 220.81 + 132.61
𝐷 = 872.08
Direction of the Side Error
−𝐶𝐷 −(−14.29) +14.29
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 0.8322
−𝐶𝐿 −(−17.17) +17.17
𝜽 = 𝑵𝟑𝟗°𝟒𝟔′ 𝑬

Relative Error of Closure

𝐿𝐸𝐶 𝑒 22.34
Relative Error of Closure = 𝑜𝑟 𝑝 = Relative Error of Closure = 872.08
𝐷

𝐑𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐄𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟔

b. Tabulate values observed and computed.

Course Azimuth Reckoned from North Length Latitude Departure

+N -S +E -W

AB 226˚51' 166.11 113.60 121.19

BC 265˚57' 181.38 12.81 180.93

CD 352˚12' 171.17 169.59 23.23

DE 82˚15' 220.81 29.78 218.79

EA 132˚49' 132.61 90.13 92.27

SUMS 872.08 +199.37 -216.54 +311.06 -325.35

∑ 𝑁𝐿 ∑ 𝑆𝐿 ∑ 𝐸𝐷 ∑ 𝑊𝐷
c. Draw the traverse
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
Activity 28 - Error of Closure
Given below are the traverse notes taken from a field survey. Determine the
following: a) error of closure in Latitude, b) error of closure in departure, c) linear error of
closure, d) bearing of the side of error, e) relative error of closure.
Line Bearing Distance
1-2 N01˚23'00"E 1221.15m
2-3 S83˚52'00"E 540.18
3-4 S02˚07’00"W 795.58
4-1 S53˚53'00"W 646.48
Solutions:
Computation of Latitude on each course:
1-2 = (1221.15)(cos 01˚23′00") = 1220.79
2-3 = (540.18)(cos 83˚52′00") = −57.71
3-4 = (795.58)(cos 02˚07’00") = −795.04
4-1 = (646.48)(cos 53˚53′00") = −381.06

Computation of departure on each course"

1-2 = (1221.15)(sin 01˚23′00") = 29.48
2-3 = (540.18)(sin 83˚52′00") = 537.09
3-4 = (795.58)(sin 02˚07’00") = −29.38
4-1 = (646.48)(sin 53˚53′00") = −522.24

∑ 𝑁𝐿 = 𝐿𝑎𝑡1−2
∑ 𝑁𝐿 = 1220.79
∑ 𝑆𝐿 = 𝐿𝑎𝑡2−3 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡3−4 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡4−1
∑ 𝑆𝐿 = −57.71 − 795.04 − 381.06 = ∑ 𝑆𝐿 = −1233.81
∑ 𝐸𝐷 = 𝐷𝑒𝑝1−2 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝2−3
∑ 𝐸𝐷 = 29.48 + 537.09 = ∑ 𝐸𝐷 = 566.57
∑ 𝑊𝐷 = 𝐷𝑒𝑝3−4 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝4−1
∑ 𝑊𝐷 = −29.38 − 522.24 = ∑ 𝑊𝐷 = −551.62

a) Error of Closure in Latitude

𝐶𝐿 = ∑ 𝑁𝐿 + ∑ 𝑆𝐿 = 𝐶𝐿 = 1220.79 − 1233.81 = 𝐶𝐿 = −13.02

b) Error of Closure in Departure

𝐶𝐷 = ∑ 𝐸𝐷 + ∑ 𝑊𝐷 = 𝐶𝐷 = 566.57 − 551.62 = 𝐶𝐷 = 14.95
 c) Linear Error of Closure

𝐿𝐸𝐶 = √(𝐶𝐿 )2 + (𝐶𝐷 )2 = 𝐿𝐸𝐶 = √(−13.02)2 + (14.95)2

𝑳𝑬𝑪 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟖𝟐

d) Bearing of the Side of Error

−𝐶𝐷 −(14.95) −14.95
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = −1.93
−𝐶𝐿 −(−13.02) +13.02
𝜽 = 𝑺𝟔𝟐°𝟑𝟔′𝑬

e) Relative Error of Closure

𝐷 = 𝐿1−2 + 𝐿2−3 + 𝐿3−4 + 𝐿4−1 = 𝐷 = 1221.15 + 540.18 + 795.58 + 646.48
𝐷 = 3203.39

𝐿𝐸𝐶 𝑒 19.82
Relative Error of Closure = 𝑜𝑟 𝑝 = Relative Error of Closure = 3203.39
𝐷
𝐑𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐄𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟐
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
Activity 29 - Adjustment of Latitudes and Departures by Compass Rule
Balance the traverse data tabulated below: Show tabulation of your solution.
Course Bearing Distance (meters)
AB N11˚26'W 61.18
BC N25˚34'E 41.54
CD S81˚41'E 51.83
DE S14˚53'E 30.31
EA S54˚31'W 106.01
Solutions:
Computation of Latitude on each course:
AB = (61.18)(cos 11˚26') = + 59.97
BC = (41.54)(cos 25˚34') = + 37.47
CD = (51.83)(cos 81˚41') = - 7.5
DE = (30.31)(cos 14˚53') = - 18.67
EA = (106.01)(cos 54˚31') = - 29.29

Computation of Departure on each course"

AB = (61.18)(sin 11˚26') = - 12.13
BC = (41.54)(sin 25˚34') = + 17.93
CD = (51.83)(sin 81˚41') = + 51.28
DE = (30.31)(sin 14˚53') = + 7.79
EA = (106.01)(sin 54˚31') = - 86.32

∑ 𝑁𝐿 = 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐴𝐵 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐵𝐶
∑ 𝑁𝐿 = 59.97 + 37.47 = ∑ 𝑁𝐿 = 97.44
∑ 𝑆𝐿 = 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐶𝐷 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐷𝐸 + 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝐸𝐴 = ∑ 𝑆𝐿 = − 7.5 − 18.67 − 29.29
∑ 𝑆𝐿 = −55.46
∑ 𝐸𝐷 = 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐵𝐶 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐶𝐷 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐷𝐸
∑ 𝐸𝐷 = 17.93 + 51.28 + 7.79 = ∑ 𝐸𝐷 = 77
 ∑ 𝑊𝐷 = 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐴𝐵 + 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝐸𝐴 = ∑ 𝑊𝐷 = −12.13 − 86.32
∑ 𝑊𝐷 = −98.45

𝐶𝐿 = ∑ 𝑁𝐿 + ∑ 𝑆𝐿 = 𝐶𝐿 = 97.44 − 55.46 = 𝐶𝐿 = 41.98

𝐶𝐷 = ∑ 𝐸𝐷 + ∑ 𝑊𝐷 = 𝐶𝐷 = 77 − 98.45 = 𝐶𝐷 = −21.45

𝐷 = 𝐿𝐴𝐵 + 𝐿𝐵𝐶 + 𝐿𝐶𝐷 + 𝐿𝐷𝐸 + 𝐿𝐸𝐴 = 𝐷 = 61.18 + 41.54 + 51.83 + 30.31 + 106.01
𝐷 = 290.87

Corrections for Latitude

𝑑
𝐶𝑙 = (𝐷)𝐶𝐿
61.18
𝐶𝐴𝐵 = (290.87) 41.98 = 𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 8.83
41.54
𝐶𝐵𝐶 = (290.87) 41.98 = 𝐶𝐵𝐶 = 6.00
51.83
𝐶𝐶𝐷 = ( ) 41.98 = 𝐶𝐶𝐷 = 7.48
290.87

30.31
𝐶𝐷𝐸 = (290.87) 41.98 = 𝐶𝐷𝐸 = 4.37
106.01
𝐶𝐸𝐴 = (290.87) 41.98 = 𝐶𝐸𝐴 = 15.30

Corrections for Departure

𝑑
𝐶𝑙 = (𝐷)𝐶𝐷
61.18
𝐶𝐴𝐵 = ( ) − 21.45 = 𝐶𝐴𝐵 = −4.51
290.87

41.54
𝐶𝐵𝐶 = (290.87) − 21.45 = 𝐶𝐵𝐶 = −3.06
51.83
𝐶𝐶𝐷 = (290.87) − 21.45 = 𝐶𝐶𝐷 = −3.82
30.31
𝐶𝐷𝐸 = (290.87) − 21.45 = 𝐶𝐷𝐸 = −2.24
106.01
𝐶𝐸𝐴 = (290.87) − 21.45 = 𝐶𝐸𝐴 = −7.82
 Tabulated Solution:
Course Bearing Distance Latitude Departure Correction Corrected Corrected
(meters) Latitude Departure
Latitude Departure
AB N11˚26'W 61.18 +59.97 -12.13 −8.83 −4.51 +51.14 -7.62
BC N25˚34'E 41.54 +37.47 +17.93 −6.00 +3.06 +31.47 +20.99
CD S81˚41'E 51.83 -7.5 +51.28 +7.48 +3.82 -14.98 +55.1
DE S14˚53'E 30.31 -18.67 +7.79 +4.37 +2.24 -23.04 +10.03
EA S54˚31'W 106.01 -29.29 -86.32 +15.30 −7.82 -44.59 -78.5
Total 290.87 +41.98 −21.45 0 0
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
Activity 30 - Adjustment of Lengths and Bearings
Determine the adjusted length and bearing of each course in a problem given in
activity 29.
Course Corrected Corrected
Latitude Departure

AB +51.14 -7.62
BC +31.47 +20.99
CD -14.98 +55.1
DE -23.04 +10.03
EA -44.59 -78.5

Solutions:
Adjusted Lengths

𝐴𝑑𝑗. 𝐿 = √(𝐴𝑑𝑗. 𝐿𝑎𝑡)2 + (𝐴𝑑𝑗. 𝐷𝑒𝑝)2

𝐴𝑑𝑗. 𝐿𝐴𝐵 = √(51.14)2 + (−7.62)2 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗. 𝐿𝐴𝐵 = 51.70

𝐴𝑑𝑗. 𝐿𝐵𝐶 = √(31.47)2 + (20.99)2 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗. 𝐿𝐵𝐶 = 37.83

𝐴𝑑𝑗. 𝐿𝐶𝐷 = √(−14.98)2 + (55.1)2 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗. 𝐿𝐶𝐷 = 57.1

𝐴𝑑𝑗. 𝐿𝐷𝐸 = √(−23.04)2 + (10.03)2 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗. 𝐿𝐶𝐷 = 25.13

𝐴𝑑𝑗. 𝐿𝐷𝐸 = √(−44.59)2 + (−78.5)2 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗. 𝐿𝐶𝐷 = 90.28

Adjusted Bearings
𝐴𝑑𝑗.𝐷𝑒𝑝
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗.𝐿𝑎𝑡

7.62
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃𝐴𝐵 = 51.14 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃𝐴𝐵 = 0.15 = 𝜃𝐴𝐵 = 8°28′
20.99
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃𝐵𝐶 = 31.47 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃𝐵𝐶 = 0.67 = 𝜃𝐵𝐶 = 33°42′
55.1
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃𝐶𝐷 = 14.98 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃𝐶𝐷 = 3.68 = 𝜃𝐶𝐷 = 74°47′
10.03
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃𝐷𝐸 = 23.04 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃𝐷𝐸 = 0.44 = 𝜃𝐷𝐸 = 23°31′
78.5
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃𝐸𝐴 = 44.59 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃𝐸𝐴 = 1.76 = 𝜃𝐸𝐴 = 60°24′
Tabulated Solution:
Course Adjusted Length (meters) Adjusted Bearing

AB 51.70 𝑁8°28′𝑊
BC 37.83 𝑁33°42′𝐸
CD 57.1 𝑆74°47′𝐸
DE 25.13 𝑆23°31′𝐸
EA 90.28 𝑆60°24′𝑊
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
Activity 31 - Calculating Coordinates
Compute the coordinates of each traverse station in a problem given in activity
29. Assume that the reference parallel and reference meridian passes through station A
(the origin).
Course Corrected Corrected
Latitude Departure

AB +51.14 -7.62
BC +31.47 +20.99
CD -14.98 +55.1
DE -23.04 +10.03
EA -44.59 -78.5

Solutions:
Computation of Total Latitude:
Station A = 0.00
Station B = 0.00 + 51.14 = 51.14
Station C = 51.14 + 37.47 = 82.61
Station D = 82.61 – 14.98 = 67.63
Station E = 73.63 – 23.04 = 44.59
Station A = 44.49 – 44.49 = 0.00

Computation of Total Departure

Station A = 0.00
Station B = 0.00 – 7.62 = -7.62
Station C = -7.62 + 20.99 = 13.37
Station D = 13.37 + 55.1 = 68.47
Station E = 68.47 + 10.03 = 78.5
Station A = 78.5 – 78.5 = 0.00
Station Coordinates
Total Latitude Total Departure
A 0.00 0.00
B 51.14 -7.62
C 82.61 13.37
D 67.63 68.47
E 44.59 78.5
A 0.00 0.00