Guide for assessing native soil strength and AHBP values

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
NOTES:
A 1. THIS INFORMATION SHOULD BE USED AS GUIDANCE MATERIAL ONLY. DEFINITIVE ASSESSMENT OF A
NATIVE SOIL AHBP CAN BE OBTAINED THROUGH SPECIALIST GEOTECHNICAL ADVICE (REFER TO
SECTION 7.5.1 OF WSA03). SOIL CLASSIFICATION FIELD IDENTIFICATION TEST AHBP kPa
2. NATIVE SOIL STRENGTH HAS SIGNIFICANCE IN THE DESIGN OF THE FOLLOWING ATTRIBUTES:
a. PIPELINE MATERIAL SELECTION (eg. WEAKER GROUND CONDITIONS REQUIRED RESTRAINED
b.
JOINTS AND/OR STIFFER PIPES WITH GREATER HOOP / FLEXURAL STRENGTH)
EMBEDMENT & BACKFILL DESIGN (eg. WEAKER GROUND MAY LEAD TO THE PIPELINE
VERY SOFT EASILY PENETRATED 40 mm WITH FIST. < 50
*
REQUIRING ADDITIONAL SUPPORT) SOFT EASILY PENETRATED 40 mm WITH THUMB. < 50
*
CLAY SOILS
c. THRUST RESTRAINT DESIGN (eg. UNRESTRAINED JOINTS ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE IN POOR
B GROUND CONDITIONS) MODERATE EFFORT NEEDED TO PENETRATE B
FIRM
30 mm WITH THUMB.
< 50
*
PREPARING THE TEST AREA: READILY INDENTED WITH THUMB BUT
STIFF 50
CONDUCT ALL NATIVE SOIL IDENTIFICATION TESTS ON A FRESHLY EXPOSED, DAMP, HAND- TRIMMED AREA PENETRATED ONLY WITH GREAT EFFORT.
OF THE TRENCH WALL IN THE PIPE ZONE. TAKE CARE THAT THE SOIL IN THE EXPOSED TEST AREA IS NOT
COMPACTED OR LOOSENED DURING TRENCH EXCAVATION. IF THE SOIL IN THE TRENCH FLOOR AND WALL VERY STIFF READILY INDENTED WITH THUMBNAIL. 100
IS VERY DRY AT THE TIME THE TRENCH IS OPENED THEN FLOOD THE TEST AREA AND ALLOW TIME FOR THE
WATER TO BE ABSORBED BY THE SOIL BEFORE IT IS TRIMMED AND TESTED.
HARD INDENTED WITH DIFFICULTY BY THUMBNAIL. 200
C C
IDENTIFYING CLAY SOILS:
A LUMP OF CLAY SOIL WILL BE DIFFICULT TO BREAK WHEN DRY. IT WILL BE STICKY AND NEED SOME LOOSE CLEAN SAND TAKES FOOTPRINT MORE THAN 10 mm DEEP. < 50
*
SANDS
EFFORT TO MOULD WITH THE FINGERS WHEN WET. CLAY WILL NOT WASH OFF EASILY. INDIVIDUAL CLAY
PARTICLES ARE HARD TO SEE. MEDIUM-DENSE
TAKES FOOTPRINT 3 mm TO 10 mm DEEP. 50
CLEAN SAND
TESTING CLAY SOILS: DENSE CLEAN SAND
CLAY SOILS ARE BEST TESTED IN THE WALL OF THE TRENCH. THE FIST, THE THUMB OR THE THUMBNAIL TAKES FOOTPRINT LESS THAN 3 mm DEEP. 100
OR GRAVEL
ARE USED TO DETERMINE THE CONSISTENCY (STRENGTH) OF THE CLAY (SEE TABLE.)
D D
DIGGABLE. HAMMER BLOW "THUDS".
BROKEN OR
IDENTIFYING CLEAN SAND SOILS: DECOMPOSED ROCK
JOINTS (BREAKS IN ROCK) SPACED AT LESS 100
ROCK
THE INDIVIDUAL GRAINS OF SAND WILL BE VISIBLE TO THE EYE. A LUMP OF CLEAN SAND, IF IT CAN BE THAN 300 mm APART.
PICKED UP AT ALL, WILL CRUMBLE WITH VERY LITTLE EFFORT. CLEAN SAND WASHES OFF EASILY.
NOT DIGGABLE WITH PICK.
SOUND ROCK HAMMER BLOW "RINGS"
TESTING CLEAN SAND SOILS: JOINTS (BREAK IN ROCK) SPACED MORE
200
CLEAN SAND SOILS ARE BEST TESTED IN THE FLOOR OF THE TRENCH BY PUSHING WITH THE WHOLE BODY THAN 300 mm APART.
WEIGHT ON ONE FOOT. THE DEPTH OF THE DEPRESSION LEFT BY THE BOOT IS RELATED TO THE DENSITY
E OF THE SAND (SEE TABLE). TAKE CARE TO ENSURE THAT THE SAND IN THE TRENCH FLOOR WAS NOT UNCOMPACTED FILL OBSERVATION AND KNOWLEDGE E
COMPACTED OR LOOSENED DURING THE EXCAVATION OF THE TRENCH OR THE TRIMMING OF THE TEST
AREA.
REFUSE (TIP) OF THE SITE HISTORY.
< 50
*
TESTING ROCK:
THE RECOMMENDED FIELD IDENTIFICATION TESTS FOR ROCK RELY ON OBSERVING THE EASE WITH WHICH LEGEND
THE ROCK CAN BE DUG WITH A PICK, AND ESTIMATING THE SPACING OF THE JOINTS IN THE ROCK. (JOINTS AHBP ALLOWABLE HORIZONTAL BEARING PRESSURE FOR:
ARE COMMONLY CALLED CRACKS OR BREAKS). THE SPACING BETWEEN JOINTS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE
THE ALLOWABLE BEARING PRESSURE ON ROCK IS USUALLY CONTROLLED BY THE JOINTS IN IT, RATHER - 10 mm MOVEMENT.
F F
THAN THE INHERENT STRENGTH OF A FRAGMENT OF ROCK. JOINTS MAY BE TIGHTLY CLOSED (LIKE - CENTRE OF THRUST 800 mm BELOW THE NATURAL SURFACE LEVEL.
HAIRLINE CRACKS), BUT CAN ALSO BE OPEN (FILLED WITH AIR) OR FILLED WITH SOFT CLAY OR OTHER SOIL.
- HIGH WATER TABLE.
* SPECIAL GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT REQUIRED
G G
MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCIES

DESIGNED: DATE: MRWA WATER SUPPLY STANDARD DRAWINGS NOT TO SCALE
H DRAWN: DATE: H
CHECKED NAME DATE APPROVED NAME DATE SOIL CLASSIFICATION GUIDELINES
GWW
SEWL
GWW
SEWL
AND ALLOWABLE MRWA-W-200
REV DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED YVW YVW HORIZONTAL BEARING PRESSURE ISSUED 2012 VERSION 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TABLE 201-A: TRAFFICABLE AREAS (TYPE R or F BACKFILL) X

X IS A DISTANCE
TRENCH PREFERRED MATERIALS PRODUCT METHOD OF PLACEMENT MINIMUM EQUIVALENT TO THE
A ZONE SPEC. No. COMPACTION A
FSL MAINS DEPTH TO A
MAXIMUM OF 1m
PAVEMENT
REFER TO ROAD OWNERS SPECIFICATION
ZONE 98% R D
CARPARK
TOP 100mm
SUB-BASE PAVED
REFER TO ROAD OWNERS SPECIFICATION X
BOTTOM OF SUB-BASE
ZONE DRIVEWAY
Refer to road owners specification, if not available: comply with MRWA VIC ROADS SPECS
Backfill material shall be placed and
BACKFILL
ZONE backfill spec - MRWA spec 04.03, summarised as follows: 812 FOR CLASS 3 & compacted in layers and moisture
X
A. For trenches <1.5 m deep in Type R situation: 4 FCR. conditioned as required to achieve the
the backfill shall be 20mm Class 3 plant wet mixed crushed rock, for required density. PRIVATE PROPERTY
B B
the full depth. 818 FOR CLASS 4 Where hand held or walk behind
X
B. For trenches > 1.5 m in Type R situation: compaction equipment is used on the 95% R D
CRUSHED SCORIA
· 20mm class 3 plant wet mixed crushed rock above the bottom of backfill zone, avoid compaction within FOOTPATH FOOTPATH
(not GWW)
300mm of top of pipe. Where heavier
X
the sub-base level.
· 20mm class 4 (or better) crushed rock for the remainder. 820 FOR CLASS 4 compaction is used in the backfill zone, NATURE STRIP
avoid compaction within 800mm of top of
X
C. In Type F situations: CRUSHED
pipe. KERB
· the backfill shall be 20mm Class 4 (or better) crushed rock. CONCRETE.
EMBED- · Refer to MRWA-W-203. · Embedment to be placed under the haunches by shovel and
MENT · All nominated embedment is satisfactory in Type R situations, compacted using hand tampers or vibrating probes or plates.
however, it is critical that embedment has the correct moisture · Risk of pipeline deflection may be further reduced by:
C ZONE content and be properly placed to achieve adequate compaction. ·· increasing the depth of the overlay (to up to 1m), or PAVED C
70% i D
· Selected materials shall be worked around the pipe to ensure all ·· cement stabilising the top surface of the embedment (hand ROAD
voids at haunches are filled and the pipe is provided with good distributed cement at 2 kg per square metre, worked into the
support along its entire length. top surface by shovel).
KERB
TABLE 201-B: NON TRAFFICABLE AREAS
MEDIAN
TRENCH PREFERRED MATERIALS METHOD OF PLACEMENT COMPACTION STRIP
FSL ZONE REQUIRED
D D
BACKFILL Refer to Backfill Specification - MRWA specification 04.03. Refer to Backfill Specification -
600mm
ZONE MRWA specification 04.03. 95% R D

· For backfill < 1.5m deep, selected or ordinary fill.
A. Selected Fill. · For backfill < 1.5m deep, selected or ordinary fill placed TOP 600mm
Material that is free from organic or other deleterious as required to meet the nominated compaction density. UNMADE
material, obtained from excavation or imported, with a ROAD
· For backfill > 1.5m deep, place as specified in the
particle size of rock not greater than 20mm, or for other project backfill specification.
than rock not greater than 75mm (refer AS2566.2-2002).
B. Ordinary Fill.
Place and compact in layers and moisture condition as
Material obtained from excavation or imported that
required. 90% R D
contains not more than 20% by mass of rock fragments
E with size between 75mm and 150mm, with no rock or clay Where hand held or walk behind compaction equipment is ROAD E
fragments greater than 150mm (refer AS2566.2-2002). used in the backfill zone, avoid compaction within 300mm SHOULDER
of top of pipe. Where heavier compaction is used in the
· For backfill > 1.5m deep, as per project backfill specification. backfill zone, avoid compaction within 800mm from the top
of pipe. PUBLIC OPEN SPACE PUBLIC OPEN SPACE
EMBED- · Refer to MRWA-W-203.

MENT · The embedment proposed is satisfactory in non trafficable situations, however, it is critical the embedment has the correct moisture
content and be properly placed to achieve maximum compaction.
60% i D
ZONE · Selected materials shall be worked around the pipe to ensure all voids at haunches are filled and the pipe is provided with good WATER MAIN
support along its entire length. 400 mm
X
F Embedment to be placed under the haunches by shovel or fork and compacted to the required density. HYDRANT / F
VALVE UNMADE
DRIVEWAY
NOTES: X IS A DISTANCE EQUIVALENT TO THE MAINS DEPTH TO A MAXIMUM OF 1m

1. The crushed rock classes specified in this standard shall take precedence over those specified in the MRWA
Backfill Specification 04.03. In all other respects, the MRWA Backfill Specification shall take precedence. 2. Specific bedding & backfill requirements different to that described here must be specified in the design. UNCOLOURED AREAS
TYPE R TYPE F
2. For the purposes of backfill, trafficable ares are defined as: special bedding shall be specified to suit the conditions of the trench floor where there is: ARE NON
TRAFFICABLE AREA TRAFFICABLE AREA
A. The full width of any existing or proposed road carriageway plus shoulders and kerb. A. Irregular outcrops of rock. TRAFFICABLE
B. The part of the nature strip next to the back of kerb equal in width to water main cover, to a maximum of 1m. B. AHBP of < 50 kPa (refer MRWA-W-200), or
G
C. The full width of any property access driveway or parking area and extending one metre either side. C. Uncontrolled ground water. FIGURE 201-A - PLAN VIEW. TRAFFICABLE & NON TRAFFICABLE AREAS G
D. The full length of any constructed footpath (including, but not limited to concrete, asphalt, crushed rock 3. Refer to water agency products catalogue for acceptable embedment and backfill materials and conditions of use.
footpaths) 4. Sides of excavation to be kept vertical to at least 150 above the pipe.
E. The full width of any median strip 5. All rock intrusions out of trench wall must be removed prior to any pipe laying operations and conform to spring line
F. Any other areas that are used as traffic areas (eg. Carparks, access tracks) trench clearance table.
G. Any other areas where controlled compaction is required to minimise potential subsidence (eg: within
400mm of surface fittings).

H DRAWN: DATE: H
CHECKED NAME DATE APPROVED NAME DATE
GWW
SEWL
GWW
SEWL
TRENCHFILL MRWA-W-201
REV DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED YVW YVW ISSUED 2012 VERSION 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
MARKING TAPE
SHARED/COMBINED TRENCH WIDTH MARKING TAPE (ON FIRST BACKFILL LAYER) (ON FIRST
SHARED/COMBINED
FSL TRENCH WIDTH BACKFILL LAYER)
MIN MIN
A W = Lc 1 + Lc 2 + Ld 1 + Ld 2 + DN1 + DN2 + DN3 COVER COVER A
TRENCH FILL FSL
TRENCH FILL TRENCH FILL TRENCH FILL

MIN MIN
COVER COVER NORMAL
TRENCH
TRENCH FLOOR GAS
Lo GAS
DEPTH TRENCH
GRANULAR PIPE EMBEDMENT GRANULAR PIPE EMBEDMENT
EMBEDMENT DEPTH Lo
DW
DN2 PIPE EMBEDMENT DW OFFTAKE DW DW
B GAS NDW DW OFFTAKE B
DW
DN1
GAS DN2
Lb DN1
DN3 CEMENT
NDW OFFTAKE NDW STABILISED NDW OFFTAKE NDW
Lb EMBEDMENT NORMAL
Lc 1 Ld Lc 2
TRENCH
FIGURE 202-A: TYPICAL 2 PIPE SHARED TRENCH ARRANGEMENTS TRENCH FLOOR FLOOR
Lc 2
ADJACENT TO OFFTAKES
Lc 1 Ld 1 Ld 2
FIGURE 202-C: TYPICAL 3 PIPE SHARED TRENCH ARRANGEMENTS FIGURE 202-D: SHARED TRENCH WITH COMMON FIGURE 202-E: SHARED TRENCH WITH STEPPED
MARKING TAPE (ON
TRENCH WIDTH
FIRST BACKFILL LAYER)
TRENCH FLOOR LEVEL (ADJACENT TO OFFTAKES) TRENCH FLOOR LEVEL (ADJACENT TO OFFTAKES)
C FSL C
Over-excavation (under DW main) only permitted within 3 pipe lengths of offtakes. Shared trench offtakes may also be accommodated with mains at a
Cement stabilised embedment shall be plant mixed as per item l in Table 203-B. common level. Refer Figures MRWA-W-205B-A to D for details.
TRENCH FILL
TRENCH
Lo TABLE 202-A: TRENCH TRENCH DEPTHS TRENCH WIDTHS
DEPTH
Single Pipe Two Pipe Trench
DIMENSIONAL DETAILS Minimum Cover ( C ) Minimum Depth of Trench Minimum
DN Property Bedding Min Side Trench
PIPE EMBEDMENT D = Lb + DN + C W=2Lc + DN Pipe W=Lc1+Lc2+Ld+DN1+DN2
Service or Industrial Depth Overlay Industrial Support
Main Size Residential (Lb) (Lo) Residential (Lc) Minimum Trench Clearance
Lb Commercial Commercial (Ld) Minimum Trench Width (W)
D Areas Areas (D) Width (W) D
Areas Areas (D)
Lc Lc <100 450 600 75 - 150 100 625 775 100 - 350 300 300 W = 500 + Lc2+ DN2
FIGURE 202-B: TYPICAL SINGLE PIPE Non-Trafficable Areas Footway Reserves
(mains <DN450 only.
150 450 600 75 - 150 100 675 825 100 - 350 350 300 W = 550 + Lc2+ DN2
SUPPORT & TRENCH FILL 225 450 600 100 - 200 150 775 925 150 - 400 525 300 W = 675 + Lc2+ DN2
General Notes: Includes driveways 300 450 600 100 - 200 150 850 1000 150 - 400 600 300 W = 750 + Lc2+ DN2
1. This drawing to be read in conjunction with MRWA-W-201 and 203. and footpaths) 375 600 600 100 - 200 150 1075 1075 200 - 450 775 450 W = 1025 + Lc2+ DN2
450 600 600 100 - 200 150 1150 1150 200 - 450 850 600 W = 1250 + Lc2+ DN2
2. Keep sides of the excavation vertical to at least 150 above the pipes in strata other than sand. <100 450 600 75 - 150 100 625 775 100 - 350 300 300 W = 500 + Lc2+ DN2
3. Lay marking tape along route of the water main as per WSA03- 2012, MRWA edition. 150 450 600 75 - 150 100 675 825 100 - 350 350 300 W = 550 + Lc2+ DN2
4. Maintain minimum clearances between mains and services in accordance with Table 5.5 of 225 450 600 100 - 200 150 775 925 150 - 400 525 450 W = 825 + Lc2+ DN2
MRWA edition of WSA 03-2011. Open Reserves (ie: 300 450 600 100 - 200 150 850 1000 150 - 400 600 450 W = 900 + Lc2+ DN2
E 5. Excessive excavation to be treated in accordance with MRWA edition of WSA 03-2011. pipetracks & 375 600 600 100 - 200 150 1075 1075 200 - 450 775 450 W = 1025 + Lc2+ DN2 E
6. Lay pipes in a shared trench at the same invert level where possible. easements) 450 600 600 100 - 200 150 1150 1150 200 - 450 850 600 W = 1250 + Lc2+ DN2
7. Maximum cover is 1.5 x minimum cover. 600 600 600 100 - 200 150 1300 1300 200 - 450 1200 600 W = 1500 + Lc2+ DN2
750 750 750 100 - 200 150 1600 1600 300 - 550 1350 600 W = 1650 + Lc2+ DN2
This does not apply where main crosses under other services. 900 750 750 100 - 200 150 1750 1750 300 - 550 1500 600 W = 1800 + Lc2+ DN2
8. Cross water mains above other services (except Gas) wherever practical. <100 600 600 75 - 150 100 775 775 100 - 350 300 300 W = 500 + Lc2+ DN2
When water mains pass under other services or obstructions, clearance under the obstruction 150 600 600 75 - 150 100 825 825 100 - 350 350 300 W = 550 + Lc2+ DN2
or other service shall be minimised. 225 600 600 100 - 200 150 925 925 150 - 400 525 450 W = 825 + Lc2+ DN2
Local Traffic Streets 300 750 750 100 - 200 150 1150 1150 150 - 400 600 450 W = 900 + Lc2+ DN2
NOTES on 2 or 3 Pipe Trenches: (ie: Brown Roads in 375 750 750 100 - 200 150 1225 1225 200 - 450 775 450 W = 1025 + Lc2+ DN2
a. Shared trenching with mains >DN250 requires the approval of the Water Agency. Melways) 450 750 750 100 - 200 150 1300 1300 200 - 450 850 600 W = 1250 + Lc2+ DN2
A. Shared trenching is only permitted between gas and water mains. 600 1000 1000 100 - 200 150 1700 1700 300 - 550 1200 600 W = 1500 + Lc2+ DN2
F 750 1000 1000 100 - 200 150 1850 1850 300 - 550 1350 600 W = 1650 + Lc2+ DN2 F
B. Gas mains shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the requirements of the gas
Trafficable Areas
900 1000 1000 100 - 200 150 2000 2000 300 - 550 1500 600 W = 1800 + Lc2+ DN2
authority and these requirements shall take precedence. <100 750 750 75 - 150 100 925 925 100 - 350 300 300 W = 500 + Lc2+ DN2
Gas mains generally require a minimum cover of 600mm. 150 750 750 75 - 150 150 975 975 100 - 350 350 300 W = 550 + Lc2+ DN2
C. To calculate the width of a 3 pipe trench, use the formula: 225 750 750 100 - 200 150 1075 1075 150 - 400 525 450 W = 825 + Lc2+ DN2
Major Roadways (ie: 300 1000 1000 100 - 200 150 1400 1400 150 - 400 600 450 W = 900 + Lc2+ DN2
W = Lc 1 + Lc 2 + Ld 1 + Ld 2 + DN1 + DN2 + DN3
· Where Lc 1 is the side support for the gas main and Lc 2 is the side support for the DW main. Grey & Orange 375 1000 1000 100 - 200 150 1475 1475 200 - 450 775 450 W = 1025 + Lc2+ DN2
· Variables are labeled in the above Figures. roads in Melways) 450 1000 1000 100 - 200 150 1550 1550 200 - 450 850 600 W = 1250 + Lc2+ DN2
600 1200 1200 100 - 200 150 1900 1900 300 - 550 1200 600 W = 1500 + Lc2+ DN2
· Clearance is to be determined from the table according to the larger of the two mains, ie: if you 750 1200 1200 100 - 200 150 2050 2050 300 - 550 1350 600 W = 1650 + Lc2+ DN2
have a DN100 beside a DN450 main, you should use a clearance of 600mm. 900 1200 1200 100 - 200 150 2200 2200 300 - 550 1500 600 W = 1800 + Lc2+ DN2
· OD shall be used instead of DN once the pipe to be installed is known. <100 1200 1200 75 - 150 100 1375 1375 100 - 350 300 300 W = 500 + Lc2+ DN2
G
Freeways & Primary 150 1200 1200 75 - 150 100 1425 1425 100 - 350 350 300 W = 550 + Lc2+ DN2 G
Table Notes: 225 1200 1200 100 - 200 150 1525 1525 150 - 400 525 450 W = 825 + Lc2+ DN2
· For ISO sized pipe, use the internal diameter of the main and round up to nearest nom size (the State Arterials (ie: 300 1200 1200 100 - 200 150 1600 1600 150 - 400 600 450 W = 900 + Lc2+ DN2
DN sizes quoted are nominal sizes). Red, Black, Green 375 1200 1200 100 - 200 150 1675 1675 200 - 450 775 450 W = 1025 + Lc2+ DN2
· For PE sized pipe, use the equivalent CIOD of the PE pipe as per Table 103-C. roads in the 450 1200 1200 100 - 200 150 1750 1750 200 - 450 850 600 W = 1250 + Lc2+ DN2
Melways) 600 1200 1200 100 - 200 150 1900 1900 300 - 550 1200 600 W = 1500 + Lc2+ DN2
· Where multiple pipes, use the larger pipe diameter to establish Ld. 750 1200 1200 100 - 200 150 2050 2050 300 - 550 1350 600 W = 1650 + Lc2+ DN2
· Footway reserves are not considered sufficiently wide to accommodate mains >DN600. 900 1200 1200 100 - 200 150 2200 2200 300 - 550 1500 600 W = 1800 + Lc2+ DN2
DESIGNED: K. DAWSON DATE: 11/03/2011 MRWA WATER SUPPLY STANDARD DRAWINGS NOT TO SCALE
H DRAWN: D. TOLENTINO DATE: 11/03/2011 H
3 TRENCH AT OFFTAKES. UPPER LIMITS INCLUDED. 1/12/16 RJ / CP / JT CHECKED NAME DATE APPROVED NAME DATE
2
1
PUBLISHED FIRST ISSUE
PRE PUBLISHED DRAFT FOR COMMENT
23/03/12 K.DAWSON
12/07/11 K.DAWSON
GWW
X SEWL
R.JAGGER
C.PAXMAN
23/03/12
23/03/12
X GWW
X SEWL
R.CARRUTHERS
G.REYNOLDS
23/03/12
23/03/12
PIPE TRENCH DETAILS MRWA-W-202
REV DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED X YVW S. TAN 23/03/12 X YVW A.COSHAM 23/03/12 ISSUED 2012 VERSION 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TABLE 203-A: EMBEDMENT SYSTEM SELECTION TABLE 203-B: EMBEDMENT MATERIALS NOTES Regarding Type C:
SITUATION DESCRIPTION WHEN TO USE ITEM DESCRIPTION WSAA PRODUCT PARTICLE SIZE MODULUS 1. Use this support where authorised by the Water Agency.
< 1.5m TRENCH 2.
TYPE A GRADED NO STRUCTURAL ISSUES OR GROUND WATER SPECIFICATION SIZE MAX DISTRIBUTION (WET) MPa Use minimum grade N20 concrete.
A FILL 3. Plain concrete acceptable means of asset protection. A
TYPE B CEMENT STABILISED ASSET PROTECTION REQUIRED. eg: WATER a EMBEDMENT SAND WSA PS 360 10 GRADED 5
MAINS UNDER MAJOR CROSSINGS b 5mm MINUS CRUSHED ROCK WSA PS 361 5 GRADED 3 MARKING TAPE 4. Steel reinforcement required if ground also unstable.
c 7mm CRUSHED ROCK WSA PS 361 SEW 7 GRADED 5 4.1. Reinforcement to consist of min SL81 grade mesh (AS/NZS
TYPE C CONCRETE ENCASED HIGH RISK OF THIRD PARTY DAMAGE
d NOT CURRENTLY APPROVED FOR WATER SUPPLY 4671).
TYPE D SINGLE SIZED SIGNIFICANT GROUND WATER IS PRESENT 150 MIN
e 10mm WELL GRADED CRUSHED ROCK WSA PS 362 GRADED 3 4.2. Steel reinforcement shall have >50 clear cover of concrete.
AGGREGATE OR MAY BE COMMON 10
20 5 200 MIN 5. Where concrete is not reinforced, provide 300 long N10 dowel pins
TYPE E CEMENT STABILISED WHERE UNINTENTIONAL OVER EXCAVATION f 20mm WELL GRADED CRUSHED ROCK WSA PS 362 GRADED
OVERLAP at 150 spacing around joints (to prevent the pipe shearing at joints).
BASE OCCURS DURING TRENCH EXCAVATION g 5 / 7mm SINGLE SIZED AGGREGATE WSA PS 351 7 SINGLE SIZED 10
6. Wrap each joint (to 200 either side) in a >2mm thick neoprene).
TYPE F CONCRETE BASE UNSTABLE GROUND AND NO SIGNIFICANT h 10mm SINGLE SIZED AGGREGATE WSA PS 351 10 SINGLE SIZED 10
7. Pipes will require a restraint system to prevent movement and/or
RISK OF THIRD PARTY DAMAGE i 10 / 14mm SINGLE SIZED AGGREGATE WSA PS 351 14 SINGLE SIZED 7
150 MIN floatation during encasing process.
j 14mm SINGLE SIZED AGGREGATE WSA PS 351 14 SINGLE SIZED 7
B NOTES Regarding Table 203-A: 8. Metal pipe shall have fusion bonded Polyurethane or PE external B
k 20mm SINGLE SIZED AGGREGATE WSA PS 351 20 SINGLE SIZED 7 coating.
1. The designer shall specify the appropriate embedment system(s) for all pipelines. l 20mm CEMENT TREATED CLASS 3 FCR WSA PS 352 20 GRADED 10 REINFORCEMENT
2. All embedment systems nominated are suitable for all pipe types. 9. PVC pipe shall not be used (can be affected by high curing
CONCRETE (IF REQUIRED) temperatures).
3. Where the contractor finds that the ground conditions are different to that expected by the NOTES Regarding Table 203-B: 200 MIN (SEE NOTE 4 & 5) 10. Use RRJ pipe where practical (to help the pipe cope with concrete
designer (eg: when ground water is observed and Type A embedment proposed), the designer · Approved embedment materials are listed in the MRWA products portal.
shall be consulted regarding the embedment system selection. · All material shall be installed with a moisture within 3% of optimum. TYPE C: CONCRETE shrinkage).
· Moisture conditioned embedment material shall be ordered in dry conditions. 11. Finish concrete at edge of RRJ at both ends (if RRJ pipe). Double
Type B: Use premixed cement stabilised class 3 the main, eg: the main crosses an open ENCASED EMBEDMENT
FCR in high risk situations, eg: waterway which may be excavated. · Moisture has a large impact on the ease with which compaction can be achieved and therefore a large impact on socket connector required at one end.
· where minimum cover cannot be Type F: Unstable ground can exist where: the ability of the embedment zone to resist pipe deflection. Pipe must be free to
achieved. · ground susceptible to land slip. · Item g. 5 / 7mm aggregate containing any distribution of particles between 2 and 7mm in size accepted. move within socket SL81 Reinforcement
· Item l. Shall be plant mixed with 3% cement.
TYPE C1:
C · major crossings (rail, tram, river, · highly reactive clays to the depth of NOTES Regarding Table 203-B & C: C
freeway) where requested by the the sewer main. CONCRETE
TABLE 203-C: EMBEDMENT MATERIAL SELECTION · Embedment material does not need to be PE, MS or DI Pipe
authority. · old refuse sites. specified as part of the design.
ENCASED
· where water main grade > 5% · decomposing soils high in organic EMBEDMENT PIPE DIAMETER
SYSTEM 100 & 150 225 to 450 > 450 · Unless particular embedment materials are EMBEDMENT
Type C: Requires Water Agency approval. Pipes content.
· un-compacted ground. TYPE A, E & F a, b, c a, b, c, e a, b, c, e, f specified in the design, the Contractor may (REINFORCED) Concrete > 50 >200
may be susceptible to third party damage choose any of the materials nominated in Neoprene wrap
where excavators will likely operate near TYPE B l l l Double socket
Table 203-C which are suitable for the >2mm thick
TYPE D g g, h, i g, h, i, j, k Pipe must be free to
embedment system(s) specified. move within socket
TYPE C2: > 50
Option: earth trench Earthwork trench stop. Refer NOTES Regarding Figures CONCRETE
Option: concrete encased SEWER Option: un
D embedment. Refer Type C
stop material
joined MRWA-W-208 SEWER 203-A & B: ENCASED PE, MS or DI Pipe D
sleeve 1. The principle applied to water main EMBEDMENT

crossings under sewers is that any (DOWELLED)
300
Dowels (if plain concrete) Concrete

WATER sewage leakage is to be contained and
remain separate from the water main.
TRENCH WIDTH
MAIN 100
>300 2. Water main joints must be outside of NOTES Regarding Type D:
the trench stop protected zone. 1. Where ground water volumes are substantial, use
B
-
3. Between the trench stops, there shall 20mm aggregate as embedment under the pipe. < 1.5m
be a barrier between the sewer and 2. Where ground water volumes are extreme, install BACKFILL
>300 water mains consisting of one of the AGI drain as shown.
following: 3. Where the trench floor is soft (ie: boots sink into the MARKING TAPE
E E
300
3.1. an unjoined sleeve as described floor under a person's weight ), press 100 ballast
500 450 1000 450 500
MIN. MIN. MIN. in MRWA-W-210, or into the trench floor until it is solid and can take a Lo
MIN. MIN.
Earthwork trench stop. 3.2. concrete encasement as per persons weight without significant movement.
Refer MRWA-W-208 Type C, or 4. Provide trench stops / bulkheads and trench TYPE A
FIGURE 203B: WATER MAIN UNDER SEWER 3.3. earth trench stop material as drainage (if required) as per MRWA-W-208 & 209. EMBEDMENT
FIGURE 203A: WATER MAIN UNDER SEWER CROSSING (PLAN) CROSSING (SECTION) described in MRWA-W-209. Lc
NOTES Regarding Geotextile Wrapping: Lb
< 1.5m MARKING TAPE A. 5 / 7 mm aggregate shall be geotextile wrapped unless:
BACKFILL < 1.5m
NOTES RegardingType A: A.A. Water main grade < 1 in 60, and OVER EXCAVATION
F BACKFILL F
1. Graded material (Items a to e A.B. Embedment is not subject to tidal ground water, and
MARKING Geotextile filter fabric
from Table 203-B) may only be A.C. Trench sidewall consists of particles which satisfy the conditions of Appendix
TAPE if trench in solid rock
installed when: ~100 I of AS2566.2 (ie: coarse sand or gravel), or
(if required)
· The trench is not wet. A.D. Trench sidewall consists of non dispersive clay which is not subject to drying
Lo
· The pipe sits above the Lo Single sized aggregate out (ie: is generally below the water table).
TYPE B: normal groundwater level. (sized as per Table Non dispersive clay shall be: TYPE E: OVEREXCAVATION. TYPE F: OVEREXCAVATION.
CEMENT Geotextile filter fabric if 203-C)
2. If significant groundwater is · determined by a NATA accredited geotechnical laboratory, CEMENT STABILISED CONCRETE
TREATED trench not in solid rock
observed during excavation (if required) 20mm aggregate (if · be crumb test grade 1 or 2, or
CLASS 3 FCR but embedment Type A is required for improved · emerson test class 4, 5 or 6. NOTES Regarding Type E: NOTES Regarding Type F:
nominated in the design, the drainage), or as per pipe B. The designer shall nominate whether 5 / 7 mm aggregate requires geotextile wrapping.
a. Use where there is little or no 1. Use N20 concrete or better.
G Lb designer shall be consulted to Lb embedment (above) C. Aggregate > 7mm shall always be wrapped in geotextile fabric. G
AGI drain ground water. 2. Steel reinforcement is to consist
reconsider embedment system D. Lay geotextile fabric against the trench floor and wall such that it fully encases the
TYPE A: GRADED (if required for extreme A. Appropriate when unintentional of min SL81 grade mesh and N10
selection. embedment, unless:
MATERIAL ground water) 100mm ballast (if required for over excavation occurs. grade bar (as per AS/NZS 4671).
Lc E. There is solid rock on both sides and underneath, in which case only the top surface
improved trench foundation) B. Cement stabilised material to 3. Steel reinforcement shall have
TYPE A: STANDARD EMBEDMENT SYSTEM Lc requires geotextile filter fabric.
consist of Item l from Table 203-B. >50 clear cover.
TYPE B: CEMENT STABILISED EMBEDMENT In this case, fold >100 of fabric up sides of trench prior to backfill placement.
TYPE D: AGGREGATE (SINGLE SIZED) EMBEDMENT C. Place dry.
Type B as per Type A but use Item l from Table 203-B only. F. Provide min of 250 lap at all filter fabric joints.
DESIGNED: R. JAGGER DATE: 1/06/2016 MRWA WATER SUPPLY STANDARD DRAWINGSNOT TO SCALE
H DRAWN: R. JAGGER DATE: 1/06/2016 H
2
1
FIRST ISSUE REPLACEMENT STANDARD
1/12/16 RJ / CP / JT
1/6/16 RJ / CP / JT
X GWW
X SEWL
R.JAGGER
C.PAXMAN
1/06/2016 X GWW
1/06/2016 X SEWL
R.CARRUTHERS 1/06/2016
D. O'DONOVAN 1/06/2016
EMBEDMENT MRWA-W-203
REV DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED X YVW J. TOMASI 1/06/2016 X YVW D.ERREY 1/06/2016 ISSUED 2016 VERSION 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
SOIL CLASSIFICATION
50 kPA Allowable Horizontal Bearing Pressure (AHBP) 100 kPA Allowable Horizontal Bearing Pressure (AHBP) 200 kPA Allowable Horizontal Bearing Pressure (AHBP)
A A
SYSTEM TEST PRESSURE SYSTEM TEST PRESSURE SYSTEM TEST PRESSURE
DN ANGLE/SIZE FITTING TYPE 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
100 6º / 11.25º Bend Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min
100 22.5º Bend Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min
100 45º Bend Min 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.26 0.28 Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min
100 60º Bend 0.23 0.25 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.37 Min Min Min Min Min Min 0.18 Min Min Min Min Min Min Min
100 90º Bend 0.32 0.36 0.39 0.42 0.45 0.49 0.52 Min Min 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.26 Min Min Min Min Min Min Min
B 100 Tee, Dead End 0.23 0.25 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.37 Min Min Min Min Min Min 0.18 Min Min Min Min Min Min Min B
100 Valve 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.37 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
150 6º / 11.25º Bend Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min
150 22.5º Bend 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min
150 45º Bend 0.37 0.41 0.44 0.48 0.52 0.55 0.59 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 Min Min Min Min Min Min Min
150 60º Bend 0.48 0.53 0.58 0.63 0.68 0.72 0.77 0.24 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.34 0.36 0.39 Min Min Min Min Min 0.18 0.19
150 90º Bend 0.68 0.75 0.82 0.89 0.96 1.02 1.09 0.34 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.48 0.51 0.55 Min 0.19 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.27
150 Tee, Dead End 0.48 0.53 0.58 0.63 0.68 0.72 0.77 0.24 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.34 0.36 0.39 Min Min Min Min Min 0.18 0.19
C 150 Valve 0.48 0.53 0.58 0.63 0.68 0.72 0.77 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.34 0.36 0.39 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 C
150 DN100 Taper 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.33 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
225 6º / 11.25º Bend 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min Min
225 22.5º Bend 0.40 0.44 0.48 0.52 0.56 0.60 0.64 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 Min Min Min Min Min Min Min
225 45º Bend 0.79 0.87 0.95 1.03 1.11 1.19 1.27 0.40 0.43 0.47 0.51 0.55 0.59 0.63 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32
225 60º Bend 1.03 1.14 1.24 1.34 1.45 1.55 1.65 0.52 0.57 0.62 0.67 0.72 0.77 0.83 0.26 0.28 0.31 0.34 0.36 0.39 0.41
225 90º Bend 1.46 1.61 1.75 1.90 2.05 2.19 2.34 0.73 0.80 0.88 0.95 1.02 1.10 1.17 0.37 0.40 0.44 0.47 0.51 0.55 0.58
225 Tee, Dead End 1.03 1.14 1.24 1.34 1.45 1.55 1.65 0.52 0.57 0.62 0.67 0.72 0.77 0.83 0.26 0.28 0.31 0.34 0.36 0.39 0.41
D D
225 Valve 1.03 1.14 1.24 1.34 1.45 1.55 1.65 0.52 0.57 0.62 0.67 0.72 0.77 0.83 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.34 0.36 0.39 0.41
225 DN100 Taper 0.80 0.88 0.96 1.04 1.13 1.21 1.29 0.40 0.44 0.48 0.52 0.56 0.60 0.64 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.32
225 DN150 Taper 0.55 0.61 0.66 0.72 0.77 0.83 0.88 0.30 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.39 0.41 0.44 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
300 6º / 11.25º Bend 0.36 0.40 0.43 0.47 0.50 0.54 0.57 Min 0.20 0.22 0.23 0.25 0.27 0.29 Min Min Min Min Min Min Min
300 22.5º Bend 0.72 0.79 0.86 0.93 1.00 1.07 1.14 0.36 0.39 0.43 0.46 0.50 0.54 0.57 Min 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27 0.29
300 45º Bend 1.40 1.54 1.68 1.82 1.96 2.10 2.24 0.70 0.77 0.84 0.91 0.98 1.05 1.12 0.35 0.39 0.42 0.46 0.49 0.53 0.56
300 60º Bend 1.83 2.02 2.20 2.38 2.57 2.75 2.93 0.92 1.01 1.10 1.19 1.28 1.37 1.47 0.46 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.64 0.69 0.73
E 300 90º Bend 2.59 2.85 3.11 3.37 3.63 3.89 4.15 1.30 1.43 1.56 1.68 1.81 1.94 2.07 0.65 0.71 0.78 0.84 0.91 0.97 1.04 E
300 Tee, Dead End, Valve 1.83 2.02 2.20 2.38 2.57 2.75 2.93 0.92 1.01 1.10 1.19 1.28 1.37 1.47 0.46 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.64 0.69 0.73
300 100 Taper 1.60 1.76 1.92 2.08 2.25 2.41 2.57 0.80 0.88 0.96 1.04 1.12 1.20 1.28 0.40 0.44 0.48 0.52 0.56 0.60 0.64
300 150 Taper 1.35 1.49 1.62 1.76 1.89 2.03 2.16 0.68 0.74 0.81 0.88 0.95 1.01 1.08 0.34 0.37 0.41 0.44 0.47 0.51 0.54
300 225 Taper 0.80 0.88 0.96 1.04 1.12 1.20 1.28 0.40 0.44 0.48 0.52 0.56 0.60 0.64 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.32
F LEGEND: ASSUMPTIONS: NOTES: the test pressure to the 1600 kPa area.
F
Indicates that a timber/recycled plastic thrust THE FOLLOWING FORMULAS SHALL BE USED TO CALCULATE RESULTANT THRUST: 1. Where AHBP < 50 kPa, the water agency must be consulted when designing 9. Force only to be applied to concrete thrust blocks after the curing time of the
restraint may be used based on the the pipeline. concrete has lapsed.
calculated thrust restraint area, system test BENDS T = 1.54 x 10 -5 x h x d 2 x sin(f / 2) 2. For thrust restraint on pressure pipelines greater than DN300, the MRWA thrust
pressure and the AHBP available. TEES, VALVES AND DEAD ENDS T = 0.77 x 10 -5 x h x d 2 restraint calculator shall be used to determine the minimum thrust area.
TAPERS AND REDUCERS T = 0.77 x 10 -5 x h x (d l 2- d S 2) 3. Interpolation between test pressures and/or soil classification may occur.
Indicates that a concrete thrust restraint is a min = THE MINIMUM THRUST RESTRAIN AREA = T / AHBP (m 2) 4. "min" refers to minimum trust restraint which is based on the timber/recycled
required based on the calculated thrust WHERE: T = RESULTANT THRUST IN kN plastic thrust restraint area of 0.18m 2 which is based on 0.60m x 0.30m blocks
restraint area, system test pressure and the h = TEST PRESSURE (HEAD) IN m HEAD as defined in MRWA-W-206.
AHBP available f = DEFLECTION ANGLE OF BEND IN DEGREES 5. For determining tee thrust block areas, use the size of the tee's offtake (branch).
d = OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF PIPE IN mm 6. In line thrust blocks (valves / tapers) shall have a min thrust area of 0.30 m 2 KEY REFERENCES:
G · Refer MRWA-W-200, soil classification guidelines for further details of soil G
d l = OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF LARGER PIPE IN mm and be constructed of reinforced concrete.
d S = OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF SMALLER PIPE IN mm 7. The minimum thrust area for taper thrust blocks to be equal to the difference classifications.
AHBP = ALLOWABLE HORIZONTAL BEARING PRESSURE between the thrust areas for dead ends of equivalent diameter to those each · refer to MRWA-W-205A & MRWA-W-205B for further details of concrete thrust
FOR DUAL WATER THRUST BLOCKS, BEARING AREA IS TO BE ADDITION OF THE THE REQUIRED AREA side of taper. restraint design.
FOR EACH FITTING. 8. For test pressures > 1600 kPa ,increase the minimum thrust area by the ratio of · refer to MRWA-W-206 for further details of timber/recycled plastic thrust
restraint configurations.

H DRAWN: DATE: H
CHECKED NAME DATE APPROVED NAME DATE SOCKET SPIGOT MAIN
GWW
SEWL
GWW
SEWL
HORIZONTAL THRUST RESTRAINT AREA MRWA-W-204
REV DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED YVW YVW CALCULATIONS ISSUED 2012 VERSION 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Stainless steel Vertical thrust DIAMETER
OTHER EXCAVATION EDGE

HYDRANT

> 2m strap (see detail)

> 2m TO SUIT
> 2m 3 thick insertion rubber between PIPE
250 to 50 x 6 THICK
A
1000 strap and bend A
B GRADE 316
D 3 x PIPE DIA
- - Horizontal thrust STAINLESS
CONCRETE
RRJ PIPE STEEL
RESTRAINT
RRJ PIPE 50
250
MIN Protrude restraint min
THRUST 250 into solid native FIGURE 205A-G:
FIGURE 205A-A: PLAN VIEW FIGURE 205A-C: PLAN VIEW ground past both sides TYPICAL SS STRAP
RESTRAINT
PLAIN THRUST RESTRAINT FOR TEES PLAIN THRUST RESTRAINT FOR BENDS AREA (A) of trench
250 MIN 250 MIN TABLE 205A-A: VERTICAL BEND
1000 MAX TIMBER/PLASTIC FIGURE 205A-F: VERTICAL BEND ELEVATION
B 1000 MAX
THRUST RESTRAINT
CONCRETE RESTRAINT VOLUMES B
CONCRETE VOLUME
PIPE m3
FIGURE 205A-E: ELEVATION NOTES on Vertical Bend Thrust Restraints: DN 11.25° 22.5° 45°
>100 >100 1. Vertical bend thrust restraints and socket spigot joints are not permitted BEND BEND BEND
DN FLUSHING / WASHOUT BEND THRUST RESTRAINT for major crossings (refer to MRWA-W-210).
DN 100 0.1 0.2 0.35
THRUST THRUST 2. Vertical bend restraints require Water Agency approval. 150 0.2 0.4 0.75
RESTRAINT NOTES Regarding FIGURE 205A-E: 3. Locate restraint centrally around bend.
RESTRAINT 200 0.35 0.7 1.25
AREA (A) · thrust area is that required for a dead end. 4. Key restraint into trench a minimum depth of 250.
AREA (A) 225 0.45 0.85 1.6
· washout bends as shown are not suitable for end of lines likely to be used to 5. The concrete volumes in Table 205A-A are based on a test pressure of
FIGURE 205A-B: SECTION VIEW FIGURE 205A-D: SECTION VIEW charge future stages. Refer mrwa-w-308 for requirements in this case. 250 0.55 1.05 1.95
1000 Kpa. 300 0.75 1.5 2.8
C PLAIN THRUST RESTRAINT FOR TEES PLAIN THRUST RESTRAINT FOR BENDS C

FSL H > 800
- HYDRANT
MIN 300 50±25
H H
- PUDDLE FLANGE. REFER PUDDLE FLANGE.
> 2m -
MRWA-W-306 A & B . REFER MRWA-W-306.
MIN 150 200 MIN 200 MIN
A1 A1 MAX 300 STEEL REINFORCING MESH. 200 MIN
D REFER TABLE 205A-C FLANGED D
FLANGED GATE VALVE
GATE VALVE
THRUST THRUST
RESTRAINT RESTRAINT
75±25 AREA (A1)
AREA (A 1)
A2 MIN 150 FOR MAINS > DN150. FL-FL CONNECTOR

AREA UNDER ZERO ACCEPTABLE FOR VALVES >DN375 REQUIRE TRENCH FLOOR
TRENCH (A2) MAINS < DN150. CONCRETE SLAB (REFER FIG 206-H)
PUDDLE FLANGE
E
FIGURE 205A-H: ELEVATION, THRUST FIGURE 205A-I: - PLAN VIEW, FIGURE 205A-J: SECTION VIEW, FIGURE 205A-K: SECTION VIEW, E
IN LINE CONCRETE THRUST RESTRAINT RESTRAINT AREA IN LINE THRUST RESTRAINT VALVE AND INLINE THRUST RESTRAINT VALVE AND HYDRANT WITH INLINE THRUST RESTRAINT
A = 2A 1 + A 2
TABLE 205A-B: IN LINE RESTRAINT STEEL NOTES on Steel Reinforcing:
REINFORCEMENT SELECTION (SINGLE MAIN) a. Inline thrust restraint reinforcement is to consist of mesh as per Table 205A-B and N10
NOTES on PE Pipe Thrust Restraint: grade bar (as per AS/NZS 4671).
Thermal Contraction Thermal A. Thrust Restraint Area = F / P (Test Pressure) THRUST RESTRAINT AREA MESH REQUIREMENTS
b. Steel reinforcement shall have 75 clear cover of concrete (± 25).
of PE Main Expansion of F = Net Force (KN) = Force (Poisson's ratio effect) + Force (Temperature Effect), OR 0.3m² None if Restraint is >400 thick, c. Where there are 2 layers of reinforcement, maintain min 150 separation between layers.
(if PE main is installed hot) PE Main Otherwise 1 Layer of SL81
= Force (Temperature Effect) + Force due to dead end (if valve present). d. Cut reinforcement or tie in additional bars to ensure reinforcement is located within
(if PE main is 0.31m² to 1.5m² 1 Layer of SL81
installed cold)
[the calculation spreadsheet available on mrwa.com.au\pages\standards\water shall be used to calculate 50±25 of pipe OD at all intersections of reinforcement and pipe.
Poisson's Contraction 1.51m² to 3.0m² 1 Layer of RL1018 or 2 layers of SL81
F
(if PE main is under pressure)
changes in length, restraint forces & areas] e. When using RL (rectangular mesh) in longitudinal restraints, the main wire (thicker F
B. The designer shall specify the installation requirements at the junctions of all PE mains with RRJs. >3.0m² 2 layers of SL81 closer spaced wire) shall span the trench.
Shut Valve Force This shall be done by ensuring that no spigot ends retract from RRJs by more than 20mm.
Shut Valve Force (if PE main is under
(if SOC - SPIGOT main is under This can be done by:
pressure & SOC -
B.A. Reducing the length of main (although typically the main length will need to be very short (<5-10m) to
GENERAL NOTES:
pressure & PE main is not) SPIGOT main is not) 6. Thrust restraints shall not interfere with other services. Restraints maybe cast around
avoid the need for shrinkage restraints altogether), &/or 1. Plain thrust restraints shall have a minimum of 2m of solid undisturbed ground behind
the bearing area. sleeved gas services (as shown) where there is no reasonable alternative.
B.B. Reducing the PE mains temperature at the time of connecting to RRJs. 7. Gas mains shall be deflected away from the concrete restraint where practicable and
The designer shall assume a main temperature at time of connection of 25 °C when calculating PE 2. For plain restraints, maximum encasement around pipe is 180°.
3. In line thrust restraints shall have a minimum of 2m of solid undisturbed ground or minimum cover can be maintained above the gas main.
restraint sizes. 8. Use grade N20 concrete or better.
SOC-SPIG MAIN PE MAIN Where the restraint area is large (ie:>2m²), the designer shall calculate the size of the PE restraints compacted crushed rock around the bearing area on both sides of the restraint.
4. For Reducers, it is acceptable to place an in line concrete restraint behind the pipe 9. All concrete restraints must be formed at the sides (ie: edges other than bearing
G based on 20°C and shall re-consider whether the AHBP assumed could reasonably be increased. surface) using temporary formwork or sand bags. G
The Contractor shall then limit the temperature of the PE main (at the time of constructing the RRJ socket instead of around a puddle flange.
5. Cast the thrust area of all thrust restraints against a clean face of a material with an 10. When pouring concrete against fittings place a membrane of polyethylene, PVC or felt
SOC - SPIGOT Thrust Restraint Area junctions) to the temperature stated in the design by: between the fitting and concrete to prevent damage to the fitting.
AHBP > 50 kPa.
Joint at Risk of B.B.C. Constructing at a cooler time of year, &/or Joints, bolts and nuts to be clear of concrete.
In Line Concrete Thrust Where soils have an AHBP < 50 kPa, restrained joints shall instead be used as per
Separation B.B.D. Constructing restraints and RRJ junctions at a cooler time of day, (ie: early morning), &/or
Restraint (Refer Fig 205A-H) MRWA-W-207.
B.B.E. Backfilling the pipe (except for RRJ junctions) and allowing the pipe to settle to the temperature
Do not cast thrust restraints against loose sand or landfill.
FIGURE 205A-L: JUNCTION OF PE PIPE AND RRJs of the earth (ie: leave the main overnight) before constructing the restraints and RRJ junctions.

3 TABLE 205A-B & PE SHRINKAGE UPDATED 1/12/16 R. JAGGER CHECKED NAME DATE APPROVED NAME DATE
2 PUBLISHED FIRST ISSUE 23/03/12 R. JAGGER X GWW C. RIVETTE 23/03/12 X GWW R.CARRUTHERS 23/03/12 SINGLE MAIN CONCRETE RESTRAINTS MRWA-W-205A
1 PRE PUBLISHED DRAFT FOR COMMENT 12/07/11 R. JAGGER X SEWL C.PAXMAN 23/03/12 X SEWL G.REYNOLDS 23/03/12 AND PE PIPE THRUST RESTRAINT
REV DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED X YVW K.DAWSON 23/03/12 X YVW A.COSHAM 23/03/12 ISSUED 2012 VERSION 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
FSL Fit and tape in place a full circumferential

Restrained pipeline. E
-
TRENCH TRENCH oversized plastic pipe sleeve, extending > 150
Use any of Options B or > 2m
C from MRWA-W-104A. EDGE Restrained pipeline. EDGE past both sides of the restraint.
A Use any of Options B or A
C from MRWA-W-104A. THRUST
50 ± 25 MESH RESTRAINT
POSSIBLE GAS MAIN MIN 300 MIN 300
ALIGNMENT TIE WIRE AREA (A 1). MAY
EXTEND INTO
B MIN 150 DRAINAGE
- Connect both MAX 300 TRENCH
mains to inline THRUST
thrust restraint via
restrained mains
RESTRAINT
D AREA (A 1) NDW COMPACTED
- GAS DW
B 75 ± 25 FCR B
>150
POSSIBLE GAS MAIN
ALIGNMENT Min 150 for mains > DN150.
Zero OK for mains <-DN150.
TRENCH TRENCH
EDGE EDGE THRUST RESTRAINT AREA PUDDLE FLANGES ON VALVED DRAIN
FIGURE 205B-C: PLAN VIEW. TEE CROSSING WITH AREA UNDER
A = 2A 1 + A 2 = SHADED AREA MAINS REFER MRWA-W-306 A & B.
FIGURE 205B-A: PLAN VIEW. TEE CROSSING WITH DOGLEG BENDS & INLINE RESTRAINT TRENCH (A 2)
HOST MAINS AT DIFFERENT DEPTHS FIGURE 205B-E: ELEVATION. DUAL WATER IN LINE
Restrained pipeline. Gas main and trench edge
Use any of Options B or if NDW main drops under Gas main and trench CONCRETE THRUST RESTRAINT
C from MRWA-W-104A. edge if DW main is lower
C Trench edge if DW C
> 2m main drops under
Gas main and NOTES on Steel Reinforcing:
Puddle flange. trench edge if NDW a. Inline thrust restraint reinforcement is to consist of mesh as per
Trench edge if NDW
Refer MRWA-W-306 main is lower
main drops under TABLE 205B-A: IN LINE RESTRAINT STEEL Table 205B-A and N10 grade bar (as per AS/NZS 4671).
Connect both b. Steel reinforcement shall have 75 clear cover of concrete (± 25).
mains to inline REINFORCEMENT SELECTION (DUAL MAINs)
thrust restraint via c. Where there are 2 layers of reinforcement, maintain min 150
THRUST RESTRAINT AREA MESH REQUIREMENTS separation between layers.
restrained mains
0.3m² 1 Layer of SL81 d. Cut reinforcement or tie in additional bars to ensure
0.31m² to 1.5m² 1 Layer of RL1018 or 2 layers of SL81 reinforcement is located within 50±25 of pipe OD at all
1.51m² to 3.0 m² 2 layers of SL81 intersections of reinforcement and pipe.
D >3.0m² 2 layers of RL1018 e. When using RL (rectangular mesh) in longitudinal restraints, the D
Gas main if DW main drops under. main wire (thicker & closer spaced wire) shall span the trench.
THRUST
Trench edge if gas main in this location not
RESTRAINT AREA shown for clarity. FIGURE 205B-D: SECTION VIEW. TEE CROSSING
FIGURE 205B-B: SECTION VIEW. TEE CROSSING WITH DOGLEG BENDS & INLINE RESTRAINT WITH HOST MAINS AT DIFFERENT DEPTHS
GENERAL NOTES:
1. Cast the thrust area of all thrust restraints against a clean 5. All concrete restraints must be formed at the sides (ie:
NOTES Regarding Plain Restraints: NOTES Regarding Inline Thrust Restraints: face of a material with an AHBP > 50 kPa. edges other than bearing surface) using temporary
A. Any restrained pipework can be used between the thrust restraint and the Tee (ie: Key References: formwork or sand bags.
· Plain thrust restraints shall have a minimum of 2m of solid Where soils have an AHBP < 50 kPa, restrained joints
any of Options B or C from MRWA-W-104A). a. Refer to MRWA-W-200 for soil classifications details. 6. When pouring concrete against fittings place a membrane
undisturbed ground behind the bearing area. shall instead be used as per MRWA-W-207.
If PE is used, a restraint is not required at the 'Tee' end (If GWW or YVW). b. Refer to MRWA-W-201 & 202 for trench, of polyethylene, PVC or felt between the fitting and
E · For plain restraints, maximum encasement around pipe to be 180°. Do not cast thrust restraints against loose sand or landfill. E
If PE is used, the in line restraint shall take into account shrinkage forces (Refer embedment and backfill details. concrete to prevent damage to the fitting.
· All dual main plain concrete restraints must be steel reinforced with 2. Thrust restraints shall not interfere with other services.
Figure-205A-L). c. Refer to MRWA-W-202 for horizontal and vertical Joints, bolts and nuts to be clear of concrete.
SL81 mesh. Restraints maybe cast around sleeved gas services (as
B. In line thrust restraints shall have a minimum of 2m of solid undisturbed ground or clearances between mains. 7. For dual water restraints, the required bearing area is to
· Minimum cover of all mains shall be met when mains are at shown) where there is no reasonable alternative.
compacted crushed rock around the bearing area on both sides of the restraint. d. Refer to MRWA-W-204 for thrust area requirements. be the addition of the required area for each pipe (ie:
differing depths. 3. Gas mains shall be deflected away from the concrete
C. For Reducers, it is acceptable to place an in line concrete restraint behind the pipe e. Refer to MRWA-W-104B for details on dual water assume both valves closed).
For information on Vertical Deflection of mains, refer to restraint where practicable and minimum cover can be
socket instead of around a puddle flange. opposing bend & tee arrangements. 8. Shared Trenches shall not exceed 3 pipelines or have
MRWA-104B & 212. maintained above the gas main.
D. The outer tee may be restrained with a plain restraint instead of an in line restraint. f. Refer MRWA-W-306A & B for puddle flange details. any mains > DN250 without water agency approval.
· Higher main (whether DW or NDW) shall be the one closest to the 4. Use grade N20 concrete or better.
bearing surface.
Gas main if NDW Gas main if
Gas main if NDW Gas main if DW
F main nearest Gas main if DW NDW main F
Gas main if DW main nearest main nearest J 250
bearing surface main nearest nearest
main nearest bearing surface bearing surface - MIN
250 MIN bearing surface bearing
bearing surface 250 MIN
surface
BEARING SURFACE
H > 100 > 100

-
Trench profile adjacent to Top pipe thrust
restraints, unless trench restraint area > 100
BEARING
has flat trench floor as
G AREA
per Fig 202-D
- 75 ± 25
G G
Bottom pipe STEEL
thrust STEEL
REINFORCING REINFORCING 75 ± 25
restraint area 75 ± 25
MESH
FIGURE 205B-F: PLAN VIEW. FIGURE 205B-G: SECTION VIEW. FIGURE 205B-H: SECTION VIEW. FIGURE 205B-I: PLAN VIEW. FIGURE 205B-J: SECTION VIEW.
DUAL WATER TEE PLAIN THRUST RESTRAINT LOWER TEE PLAIN THRUST RESTRAINT UPPER TEE PLAIN THRUST RESTRAINT DUAL WATER PLAIN BEND RESTRAINT DUAL WATER PLAIN BEND RESTRAINT
DESIGNED: R. JAGGER DATE: 20/01/2011 MRWA WATER SUPPLY STANDARD DRAWINGS NOT TO SCALE
3 ALTERED STEEL REINFORCEMENT 01/12/16 RJ / CP / JT CHECKED NAME DATE APPROVED NAME DATE
2
1
23/03/12 R. JAGGER
12/07/11 R. JAGGER
X GWW
X SEWL
C. RIVETTE
C.PAXMAN
23/03/12
23/03/12
X GWW
X SEWL
R.CARRUTHERS 23/03/12
G.REYNOLDS 23/03/12
DUAL MAIN CONCRETE RESTRAINTS MRWA-W-205B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TRENCH EDGE
D
A A
>100
>2m
G
D
DISTURBED OR
WEAK GROUND DW
(AHBP < 50kPa)
D
G
NDW F1 F 1= π.P.r 2 = HYDRAULIC THRUST
- X
D
B B
AHBP = p
G
GAS
D
LOWEST ACCEPTABLE LEVEL

OF SOLID UNDISTURBED F2 F2 = p.W. 3Y4 . 21 F 1+ F3= F2
GROUND (AHBP > 50kPa) 3Y
P.π.r 2 + p3 . W. Y'4 . 21 = p.W. 3Y' 1
4 .2
FIGURE 205C-A : PLAN VIEW- CANTILEVER BEHIND THRUST BLOCK = 4
RESTRAINT FOR TEE MAIN INVERT - 100 Y SOLID UNDISTURBED UNDISTURBED P.π.r 2 + p.W.Y'
24 =
3.p.W.Y'
8
GROUND GROUND Y' = 3.P.π.r 2 = 3.P.π.D 2

(AHBP > 50kPa) p.W 4.p.W
C C
THRUST AREA (A) Y = (1+ FOS).Y' (FOS = Factor of Safety = 0.33)
Y F3 F3 = p3 . W. Y4 . 21 Y = 34 .Y' = P.π.D 2
DRAIN 4
TABLE 205C-A: IN LINE RESTRAINT STEEL p.W
>2m 75 ± 25 p
REINFORCEMENT SELECTION (DUAL MAINs) 3
THRUST RESTRAINT AREA MESH REQUIREMENTS 300 MIN
0.3m² 1 Layer of SL81
0.31m² to 1.5m² 1 Layer of RL1018 or 2 layers of SL81 FIGURE 205C-B: SECTION VIEW-CANTILEVER RESTRAINT FOR TEE FIGURE 205C-C: STRESS DIAGRAM- CANTILEVER RESTRAINTS FOR TEES & VALVES
1.51m² to 3.0 m² 2 layers of SL81
>3.0m² 2 layers of RL1018
D D
NOTES on Steel Reinforcing:
a. Anchor reinforcement is to consist of mesh as per Table 205B-A and N10 GENERAL NOTES:
grade bar (as per AS/NZS 4671). TIE WIRE 1. For mains < DN300 only.
50 ± 25
b. Steel reinforcement shall have 75 clear cover of concrete (± 25). MESH (REFER TABLE 205C-A) 2. Cantilevered thrust anchors are generally not suitable in solid rock where precise excavation is not
DISTURBED OR DISTURBED OR possible.
c. Where there are 2 layers of reinforcement, maintain min 150 separation PUDDLE FLANGE. REFER
WEAK GROUND MIN 150 WEAK GROUND 3. Cantilevered thrust anchors are sometimes used when:
between layers. MAX 300 MRWA-W-306 A & B.
(AHBP < 50kPa) OR (AHBP < 50kPa) OR 3.1. The ground to the side of the trench is weak (AHBP < 50 Kpa) while the ground underneath is
d. Cut reinforcement or tie in additional bars to ensure reinforcement is located GROUND
within 50±25 of pipe OD at all intersections of reinforcement and pipe. GROUND sufficiently strong.
CONTAINING OTHER CONTAINING OTHER
e. When using RL (rectangular mesh) in longitudinal anchors, the main wire 3.2. The area around the main is cramped with other services and a plain block would interfere with
SERVICES SERVICES
(thicker & closer spaced wire) shall span the trench. these services.
E E
4. Over excavation of the trench is not permitted behind cantilevered thrust anchors.
DW NDW GAS 5. Y = P. π. D² (if single main), or Y = P. π. (D1 + D2)² (if both DW & NDW mains)
X
p. W p. W
Where P = pipe test pressure (kPa), D = pipe inside diameter (m),
p = max horizontal bearing pressure of the ground (kPa),
Fit and tape in place a full W = block width (m)
circumferential oversized 6. The thrust area achieved by Y x W must be greater than that shown as being required in MRWA-W-204.
plastic pipe sleeve, extending 7. Y must be > 2X.
Ensure no over
excavation, ie: Lb < Lb > 150 past both sides of the 8. Cast the thrust area of all thrust blocks against a clean face of undisturbed natural soil of AHBP > 50 kPa.
E max as per Table 202-A restraint. 9. When pouring concrete against fittings place a membrane of polyethylene, PVC or felt between the fitting
F - and concrete to prevent damage to the fitting. F
Y
G
10. Joints, bolts and nuts to be clear of concrete.

SHADED AREA = 11. Use grade N20 concrete.
THRUST AREA (A) = 12. All concrete blocks must be formed at the sides using timber or sand bags (other than the thrust area).
YXW A. All cantilevered concrete thrust blocks must be steel reinforced.
13. Steel reinforcement shall be as per Table 205C-A and accompanying notes.
G
75 ± 25
OPTION 1: W > MIN TRENCH WIDTH AS PER TABLE 202-A (SINGLE PIPE TRENCH WIDTH)
G G
OPTION 2: W > MIN TRENCH WIDTH AS PER TABLE 202-A (2 OR 3 PIPE TRENCH WIDTH) KEY REFERENCES:
FIGURE 205C-D: PLAN VIEW- CANTILEVER FIGURE 205C-E: SECTION VIEW- CANTILEVER RESTRAINT FOR VALVE(S) a. Soil classifications used on this drawing are explained in MRWA-W-200.
ANCHOR FOR VALVE Option 2 is required if restraining both water mains (DW and NDW). b. Refer to MRWA-W-104 for options should ground AHBP be insufficient.
Either Option 1 or Option 2 is valid to restrain a single water main (either DW or NDW), although Option 1 is preferred where it c. Refer to MRWA-W-201 & 202 for trench, embedment and backfill details.
would be practical to construct (ie: Y < 2m). d. Refer to MRWA-W-204 for thrust area requirements.
Restraints should either fully surround a neighboring pipe or maintain a minimum 100 clearance. e. Refer to MRWA-W-306 for puddle flange details.

3 FORMULA PROOF & DW LAYOUT INCLUDED 01/12/16 RJ / CP / JT CHECKED NAME DATE APPROVED NAME DATE
2 PUBLISHED FIRST ISSUE 23/03/12 C. RIVETTE X GWW C. RIVETTE 23/03/12 X GWW R.CARRUTHERS 23/03/12 VERTICALLY CANTILEVERED MRWA-W-205C
1 PRE PUBLISHED DRAFT FOR COMMENT 12/07/11 C. RIVETTE X SEWL C.PAXMAN 23/03/12 X SEWL G.REYNOLDS 23/03/12
THRUST RESTRAINTS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A A
Undisturbed ground of
AHBP > 50 kPa
B B
FIGURE 206-A: BEND TIMBER /

RECYCLED PLASTIC RESTRAINT FIGURE 206-B: END CAP TIMBER / FIGURE 206-G: SUPPORT FOR VALVES (<DN300)
RECYCLED PLASTIC RESTRAINT
N20 (or better)

C C
Concrete Pad
WEDGES
Sandbags to support main
REFER NOTE 7
>PIPE OD > PIPE OD during installation of valve
>2x BLOCKS FOR

TEMPORARY
D INSTALLATIONS. D
>100
Undisturbed ground of AHBP > 50 kPa. FIGURE 206-H: SUPPORT FOR VALVES ( >DN375) N20 Concrete (or better) pad required for valves
Increase depth of concrete as required >DN375. Slab width = slab length, or full extent of
until reaching undisturbed ground. trench width.
Not required where trench floor is rock.
FIGURE 206-C: TEE TIMBER / RECYCLED FIGURE 206-D: WASHOUT TIMBER /
PLASTIC RESTRAINT RECYCLED PLASTIC RESTRAINT
E E
Hardwood block(s)- 600 x 300 x 50, or

Use at least one timber / recycled
plastic board to span property service
Recycled plastic block(s)- 600 x 300 x 40 GENERAL NOTES:
Use up to 3 blocks to block up to a clean face of 1. Timber / recycled plastic blocks shall not be used to support valves >DN375 valves (concrete is
trench to support pre-tapped
undisturbed natural ground of AHBP > 50 kPa. required).
connector
2. Place timber / recycled plastic blocks against a clean face of undisturbed natural soil with AHBP
> 50 kPa.
2ND WEDGE 3. Soil classifications used in this drawings are explained in MRWA-W-200.
F F
4. Installation of wedges:
· place the first wedge with its thin end up and against the fitting
1ST · place the second wedge between the block and the first wedge and drive home until all
Install ferrule(s) into upwards directed port of WEDGE slack is taken up
pre-tapped connector. 4. For details of products used in this drawing, refer to the water agency products catalogue.
Ensure top of ferrule has minimum cover. WEDGES 300 x 75 x 100 5. Hardwood shall be a rating 1 timber as defined by AS5604 timber- natural durability ratings and
Use 4 port pre-tapped connector when 2 the Australian government report titled "the in-ground natural durability of Australian timbers".
connections required. 6. Polyethylene sleeving shall be applied between the fittings and the first wedge where the fittings
Plug both bottom ports. are not FBE coated.
7. If gap is wider than can be taken up with a single block, multiple blocks may be used.
G G
8. In line thrust restraints of valves must be as per MRWA-W-205 A & B.
Timber / recycled plastic restraints are not acceptable for in line thrust restraints.
FIGURE 206-F: TIMBER / RECYCLED PLASTIC BLOCK AND WEDGE DETAIL 9. Timber / recycled plastic restraints shall have a minimum of 0.5m of undisturbed ground
FIGURE 206-E: PLAN VIEW. PRE-TAPPED CONNECTOR WITH between the bearing area and any other excavation or service (ie: > 0.5m horizontal offset).
DEFLECTED MAINS AND TIMBER / RECYCLED PLASTIC RESTRAINT

H DRAWN: DATE: H
GWW GWW
TIMBER / RECYCLED PLASTIC THRUST MRWA-W-206
SEWL SEWL RESTRAINT & VALVE SUPPORT DETAILS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
FSL FSL
A A
L L L
L
L
TRENCH FLOOR
OR
B
L FLO B
N CH
TRE
DETAIL A: PLAN VIEW, HORIZONTAL BEND DETAIL B: SECTION VIEW, UPWARD THRUST VERTICAL DOWNDETAIL C: SECTION VIEW, DOWNWARD THRUST VERTICAL UP
THRUST RESTRAINT MINIMUM DISTANCE (L IN m) BEND THRUST RESTRAINT MINIMUM DISTANCE (L IN m) BEND THRUST RESTRAIN MINIMUM DISTANCE (L IN m)
(SPECIAL DESIGN REQUIRED FOR 90 DEGREE VERTICAL BENDS) (SPECIAL DESIGN REQUIRED FOR 90 DEGREE VERTICAL BENDS)
C C
D D
l L l L
L
DETAIL E: TAPER THRUST RESTRAINT DETAIL F: DEAD END THRUST
MINIMUM DISTANCES (L& l IN m) RESTRAINT MINIMUM DISTANCE (L IN m)
(TREAT FLUSHING BENDS AS A DEAD END)
E E
DETAIL D: PLAN VIEW, TEE THRUST RESTRAINT GENERAL NOTES:

MINIMUM DISTANCES (L & l IN m) 1. USE THE WATER AGENCY SUPPLIED RESTRAINED JOINT LENGTH CALCULATION 7. RESTRAINED JOINTS MAY BE ASSUMED TO ACT THE SAME AS A FLANGED JOINTS.
F
SPREADSHEET TO CALCULATE LENGTHS L & l. 8. JOINTING TO BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS. F
2. 9. IF MAXIMUM JOINT DEFLECTION IS DESIRED, PUSH THE SPIGOT TO THE FIRST

LOCKING RESTRAINTS ARE ONLY TO BE USED WITH COMPATIBLE PIPES AND FITTINGS
AS AUTHORISED BY THE MANUFACTURER. WITNESS MARK ONLY AND THEN DEFLECT THE JOINT. THE JOINT WILL NOT DEFLECT
3. ALL RESTRAINED LENGTHS ARE APPLICABLE FOR BURIED PIPELINES ONLY. ABOVE AFTER INSERTING THE SPIGOT ALL THE WAY HOME.
GROUND RESTRAINED JOINTS ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE. 10. JOINTS TO BE DISASSEMBLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MANUFACTURER'S
4. THE LENGTH OF RESTRAINT REQUIRED IS THE AMOUNT OF PIPELINE THAT MUST BE RECOMMENDATIONS.
RESTRAINED INCLUDING THE FITTING JOINTS. 11. DO NOT REUSE RESTRAINED JOINTS UNLESS ALLOWED BY THE MANUFACTURER.
5. 12. RESTRAINED JOINTS MUST BE CAPTURED ON THE AS CONSTRUCTED INFORMATION.
SPECIAL CONSIDERATION IS REQUIRED IF THE DESIGNATED RESTRAINED LENGTH
13. FOR RESTRAINT DESIGNS IN SCENARIO'S NOT CATERED FOR IN THE WATER
FOR A FITTING ENCROACHES, OR OVERLAPS THE DESIGNATED RESTRAINED LENGTH
FOR ANOTHER FITTING. SEEK THE MANUFACTURER'S GUIDANCE IF THIS OCCURS. AGENCIES CALCULATION SPREADSHEET, (ie. GROUND CONDITIONS) REFER TO
G 6. WHEN MAINTAINING OR CUTTING RESTRAINED SECTIONS OF PIPELINE IT IS MANUFACTURERS RESTRAINT DESIGN SOFTWARE FOR GUIDANCE. G
ADVISABLE THAT EFFECTIVE LENGTHS OF FITTINGS BE MEASURED ON SITE TO 14. ALL PIPEWORK CONTAINING RESTRAINED JOINTS REQUIRES SPECIAL MARKER TAPE
CONFIRM THEIR COMPLIANCE WITH THIS DRAWING. INDICATING THE PRESENCE OF RESTRAINED JOINTS.

H DRAWN: DATE: H
GWW
SEWL
GWW
SEWL
RESTRAINED JOINTS MRWA-W-207
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TABLE 208-A: TRENCHSTOP & BULKHEAD PLACEMENT AND PIPELINE SELECTION CRITERIA
MIN TRENCHSTOP SPACING MIN BULKHEAD SPACING C
A SLOPE 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% - A
SOC MAIN (PVC / DI) 100m 50m 30m 24m N/A N/A N/A N/A FSL
WELDED MAIN (PE / MS) 200m 100m 60m 45m 38m 32m 27m 24m 300
NOM
TRENCHSTOP, BULKHEAD OR
NOTES Regarding Trenchstops & Bulkheads: INLINE THRUST RESTRAINT AS PER
A. Mains < 5% slope do not typically require trenchstops or bulkheads. MRWA-S-206
B. Spacing may be linearly interpolated between the values provided in Table 208-A.
CEMENT 20 SINGLE SIZED
C. Any approved pipeline system may be used for slopes < 20%.
STABILISED ~500 AGGREGATE
D. Trenchstops are preferred to concrete bulkheads for slopes < 20%.
B E. Concrete bulkheads are required for slopes > 20%. EMBEDENT B
~300
F. Only welded mains may be used for slopes > 20%. These shall be constructed in accordance with Figure 208-A.
G. When Trenchstops or Bulkheads are used, cement stabilised embedment shall be used as per Type B of MRWA-W-203.
H. For details of trenchstop and bulkhead design, refer to MRWA-W-209.
I. Where the sloping main length is less than the spacing length nominated, a trenchstop or bulkhead is only required at the bottom of the slope.
J. Where the sloping main length is less than 21 the spacing length nominated, no trenchstop or bulkhead is required.
K. Trenchstops or bulkheads (as per Table 208-A) are required on both sides of any road crossing where there is a slope > 5% across the road.
L. Slopes greater than 40% must be designed in consultation with the Water Agency.
GEOTEXTILE FILTER
FSL WRAPPING (SEE NOTE d)
C C
DRAINAGE PIPE (SEE NOTE c)
<V FIGURE 208-B: TRENCHSTOP WITH DRAIN (SECTION)

AL
UE
FR
OM
TA
BL
E1
D D
IN LINE THRUST
RESTRAINT AREA.
REFER MRWA-W-205A CEMENT CONCRETE BULKHEAD
STABILISED (DETAIL A)
EMBEDMENT TRENCHSTOP OR
BULKHEAD AS PER PVC DRAINAGE GEOTEXTILE
MRWA-W-209 PIPE (MIN DN 100/SN WRAPPING
8) TO DRAIN / (SEE NOTE d)
DRAINAGE IF FULLY WELDED WATERWAY
E
REQUIRED AS PER PIPELINE E
FIGURE 208-B & C
TRENCHSTOP OR BULKHEAD
AS PER MRWA-W-209 FLOW 20 SINGLE
SIZE COARSE
AGGREGATE
DRAINAGE IF REQUIRED AS
PER DETAIL B &C
PROVIDE NON-CORROSIVE
FSL MESH SCREENING TO
PREVENT LOSS OF
F AGGREGATE FIGURE 208-C: TRENCHSTOP DRAIN (ELEVATION) F
MUST BE WELDED FOR GRADIENTS > 20%
NOTES on Figures 208-B & C:

a. Trenchstops and bulkheads shall be drained as shown where the location is likely (or is known) to have high ground water or the surface
water is not directed away from the water main alignment.
FIGURE 208-A: WELDED MAINS IN STEEP TERRAIN >5% The designer shall nominate all required trench drainage points and drainage arrangements.
b. Provide a restricted (to slow the flow of ground water) continuous drainage path between drainage points.
DRAINAGE IF REQUIRED · through bulkheads and trenchstops.
NOTES Regarding Figure 208-A: · around maintenance structures.
AS PER DETAIL B &C
1. As per MRWA-W-205A, in line thrust restraint area shall take into account: · along embedment.
G G
1.1. thermal shrinkage of main, c. Drainage pipes shall discharge ground water into authorised water discharge areas (as agreed by the drainage authority) and shall be
1.2. Poisons Effect, and shown in the design drawings.
1.3. any thrust due to valves located adjacent. d. Lay geotextile filter fabric in trench such that it fully encapsulates the drainage material (coarse aggregate).
2. Where the sloped main length is less than the spacing nominated in Table 208-A, no trenchstops or bulkheads would be required. Provide minimum of 250 overlap at all filter fabric joints.
The in line thrust restraints (which are required in all cases) at the top and bottom of the slope shall suffice in such cases.

3 CLARIFIED TABLE A & EMBEDMENT 1/12/16 RJ / CP / JT CHECKED NAME DATE APPROVED NAME DATE
2 PUBLISHED FIRST ISSUE 23/03/12 K.DAWSON X GWW R.JAGGER 23/03/12 X GWW R.CARRUTHERS 23/03/12 SLOPING MAINS MRWA-W-208
1 PRE PUBLISHED DRAFT FOR COMMENT 12/07/11 K.DAWSON X SEWL C.PAXMAN 23/03/12 X SEWL G.REYNOLDS 23/03/12 AND TRENCH DRAINAGE
REV DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED X YVW S. TAN 23/03/12 X YVW A.COSHAM 23/03/12 ISSUED 2012 VERSION 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
COMPRESSIBLE MEMBRANE
A B AROUND PIPE. D F A
- DRAINAGE STOP - -
300 NOM FSL MATERIAL, REFER
TABLE 1.
300 NOM FSL 300 NOM FSL
CONCRETE
WOVEN
POLYETHYLENE
GRANULAR BAGS OR HESSIAN
EMBEDMENT BAGS FILLED WITH
MATERIAL AS
SAND.
B SPECIFIED B
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
PUDDLE FLANGE
GROUNDWATER DRAIN THROUGH

BULKHEAD. COVER UPSTREAM GRANULAR EMBEDMENT GRANULAR EMBEDMENT
C OPENING WITH FILTER MEMBRANE MATERIAL AS SPECIFIED MATERIAL AS SPECIFIED C
150
MIN (GEOTEXTILE)
DETAIL C: EARTHWORK TRENCH STOP DETAIL DETAIL E: BAGGED TRENCH STOP DETAIL
DETAIL A: CONCRETE BULKHEAD DETAIL
FSL FSL FSL
D D
WOVEN POLYETHYLENE
BAGS OR HESSIAN BAGS
FILLED WITH SAND.
PUDDLE FLANGE PACK BAGS TIGHTLY

TOGETHER
E E
> 75 (ROCK) > 150 (SOIL) DETAIL D: SECTION, EARTHWORK TRENCHSTOP DETAIL F: SECTION, BAGGED TRENCHSTOP
> 75 (ROCK) >150 (SOIL)
DN 80 PVC PIPE
DETAIL B: SECTION, CONCRETE BULKHEAD

F
GENERAL NOTES: F
NOTES on Details A & B: TABLE 1: DRAINAGE STOP MATERIAL 1. CONSTRUCT CONCRETE BULKHEADS AND TRENCH STOPS AT LOCATIONS SPECIFIED IN DESIGN
1. CONCRETE BULKHEADS ARE PREFERRED FOR SLOPES > 20%. DRAWINGS.
2. BULKHEAD AT A RETAINING WALL TO BE UNDER THE WALL. 2. TRENCHSTOPS ARE PREFERRED FOR SLOPES < 20%, CONCRETE BULKHEADS PREFERRED FOR
3. KEY CONCRETE BULKHEADS INTO SIDES AND BOTTOM OF TRENCH AGAINST A BEARING SURFACE OF MATERIAL PROPORTION SLOPES > 20%.
UNDISTURBED SOIL. 3. SEAL BAGS TO PREVENT LEAKAGE OF CONTAINED MATERIAL.
BENTONITE 1 ( 4% ) 4. PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS DRAINAGE PATH
4. CONCRETE TO BE CLASS N20.
5. DO NOT DEFORM PIPES DURING PLACEMENT OF CONCRETE. CEMENT 1 ( 4% ) · THROUGH BULKHEADS AND TRENCHSTOPS
6. FOR BULKHEADS ADJACENT TO KERBS, A POLYSTYRENE MEMBRANE AT LEAST 10mm THICK SHALL BE CONCRETE SAND 23 ( 92% ) · AROUND VALVE CHAMBERS.
G USED. 10. COMPRESSIBLE MEMBRANE AROUND PIPE TO BE 10 THICK POLYSTYRENE FOR BULKHEADS G
6. FOR BULKHEADS AND TRENCHSTOPS ON SLOPES, AN ELASTOMERIC MEMBRANE AT LEAST 3mm THICK OR ADJACENT TO KERBS AND 3 THICK RUBBER FOR BULKHEADS AND TRENCHSTOPS ON SLOPES.
SHALL BE USED. 11. FOR SLOPES > 20° REFER TO MRWA-W-208.
7. COMPRESSIBLE MEMBRANE AROUND PIPE TO BE 10 THICK POLYSTYRENE FOR BULKHEADS ADJACENT COMPACTED CLAY 95% R
TO KERBS AND 3 THICK RUBBER FOR BULKHEADS AND TRENCH STOPS ON SLOPES. PROPORTION BY VOLUME OF DRY MATERIALS.
8. CONCRETE BULKHEAD REINFORCEMENT IS TO CONSIST OF MIN SL81 GRADE MESH AND N10 GRADE BAR
(AS PER AS/NZS 4671).
H DRAWN: DATE: H
GWW
SEWL
GWW
SEWL
MRWA-W-209
TRENCH BULKHEADS AND TRENCHSTOPS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
EASEMENT BOUNDARY
EASEMENT BOUNDARY EASEMENT BOUNDARY EASEMENT TABLE 210-A: COVER REQUIREMENTS
(if not sleeved) CROSSING
Locate valves on both side of crossing just (if sleeved) (if sleeved) < 25m PREFERRED
(relevant if sleeved) BOUNDARY WATER MAIN COVER / CLEARANCE
within the easement boundary (if not sleeved), (if not sleeved)
RAILWAY LINES > 1600 below rail level, and
A ensuring there are no connections between the HYDRANT OR A
> 600 below formation level (ground level
300 to 3m valves if practicable. SCOUR (locate 300 to 3m
CULVERT (REFER NOTE 11) immediately below ballast), and
~800 from valve)
FSL > 2000 between rail level and a bore hole
RAILWAY LINES
WATER WAYS 1000
EDGE BALAST
WATERWAY TRAMWAYS 1200 (top of rail to top of pipe)
MAJOR ROADS 1200
ROADWAY
> 3000 TABLE 210-B: OTHER CROSSING REQUIREMENTS
B > 1500 CROSSING REQUIREMENT B
> 3000 15-20° Regional drains (ie: As per Figure 210-A, except valves at sides of crossing &
COVER AS PER TABLE 210-A
> 1500 Valve and Bypass Melbourne Water) hydrant / scour are not required.
WELDED STEEL
INLINE THRUST required for valves Any approved pipeline system which satisfies structural,
· local drains (ie:
RESTRAINT (IF PE). INLINE THRUST >DN450 (refer
clearance, cover and MRWA-W-212 requirements.
SLEEVE (IF MANDATED) council),
RESTRAINT (IF PE). MRWA-W-105) Joints under crossing to be minimised.
· other services,
500 Butt welded PE with · local streets. Pipeline maximum lengths shall comply with Table 213-B.
Extend sleeve past rail reserve or freeway pavement This drawing appropriate for crossing:
moulded bends or cold bent Flanged joint crossing pipelines shall be <10m.
edge on both sides (if sleeve mandated by land owner) · major roads (vicroads) Joint(s) other than welded joints shall be horizontally offset from
C · railways & tramways any service being crossed. C
FIGURE 210-A: MAJOR ROAD / RAILWAY / TRAM / WATERWAY CROSSING (SECTION VIEW) · wetlands, creeks & rivers
NOTES Regarding Major Crossings:
RAILWAY / FREEWAY 1. All >DN250 major crossings to be constructed from fully welded MS or butt
WATER MAIN welded PE.
CROSSING
2. For <DN250 mains, other pipelines may be permitted on approval of the Water
Agency, provided there is a maximum of 25m under the structure being crossed.
WA > 2000 FUTURE
3. Refer MRWA-W-213 for details of trenchless construction requirements.
TE 4. Land owner requirements (eg: Vicrail, Melbourne Water) take precedence over
RM OFFSET COULD ENCASEMENT REMOVAL OF
PAVEMENT / RAILWAY AIN these requirements.
BE VERTICAL PIPE
D CULVERT 5. Concrete encased pipework is not preferred. D
APRON 6. Steel pipe joints to be either plain ends with welded collar, ball and socket or slip
EXTEND SLEEVE RAILWAY / FREEWAY
in welded joints.
PAST RESERVE CROSSING
7. All steel pipework is to be fabricated and protected as per MRWA-W-400
drawing, water agency specifications and AS2832 (cathodic protection).
FIGURE 210-D: PLAN VIEW: RAILWAY / FREEWAY CROSSING 8. All bend lengths and angles to be specified in the design drawings.
CULVERT WATERWAY Sleeve required to enable the pipe within to be removed in future.
OPEN WATERWAY 9. Locate a hydrant or scour (depending on topography and size of main) on the
CROSSING Water assets within rail reserves to be designed in accordance with AS4799.
C low side of the crossing (between the 2 divide valves) to facilitate de-watering of
- the main. Hydrants preferred for smaller mains or where the main has a steep (>
1 in 50) rise on both sides of the crossing.
500 500
E Where a scour is to be installed, a hydrant or air valve shall in addition be E
located on the high side of the crossing to facilitate air removal from the main
SHAFT
GROUT BORE (refer MRWA-W-304).
CULVERT < 1500 HOLE ANNULUS 10. For scour design, refer to drawing MRWA-W-307.
IN
APRON R MA SLEEVE
WHERE REQUIRED 11. Minimum cover to be specified within the design drawing.
TE
WA 12. Water mains may cross waterways above culverts, provided that minimum
WATER cover and embedment requirements are met.
FIGURE 210-B: WATERWAY CROSSING (PLAN VIEW) MAIN
NOTES Regarding Sleeves :
A. Pipes only to be sleeved where mandated by the landowner.
END SEALS SHAFT Sleeves usually mandated to prevent leaks and bursts from affecting above ground assets.
F PIPE LOCATORS (REF FIG 210-F) F
They also enable water mains to be removed and replaced without affecting critical services.
FIGURE 210-E: TYPICAL SLEEVE INSTALLATION It is therefore preferred that void space between water mains and sleeves is not grouted.
B. Sleeves to consist of a high joint strength pipe (refer Table 213-B). Non metallic sleeve preferred.
C. Sleeve for cathodically protected MS main shall be concrete (as it is conductive) and unconnected to the MS main.
~150 Approved thermoplastic or SS316 D. Where steel sleeves and end seals are required, they shall be specifically designed by a senior corrosion
CULVERT
locators to be equi-spaced around pipe. consultant and designed for a service life of 100 years.
E. Once a MS water main is inserted into the sleeve, a coating integrity check of the water main must be completed
via a camera inspection.
> 600 Footage must be provided to the water agency and any damage reported.
WATERMAIN
F. Water main supports (as shown in Figure 210-F) must be firmly fastened and not move or damage the water main
G FIGURE 210-C: CULVERT CROSSING once attached. G
~ 100 G. When annulus (void space between sleeve & borehole) > 30, grout as per WSA03 MRWA edition.
Sleeve to be grouted in place with a flowable grout, eg: liquafill or bentonite.
H. Ensure grouting pressures do not exceed the buckling capability of the pipe when empty.
I. Water mains to be supported using slippers (pipe centralises) within sleeves.
FIGURE 210-F: PIPE LOCATOR DETAIL Slippers may be omitted in the case of welded PE mains.

H DRAWN: DATE: H
GWW
SEWL
GWW
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UNDERGROUND CROSSINGS MRWA-W-210
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A
SUPPORTS (REFER FIG 211-E) EQUALLY SPACED: NOTES Regarding Figure 211-A: A
2 PER PIPE LENGTH (MSCL) 1. Allow free movement of pipe in abutment.

1 PER 1500mm OF PIPE (PE) HYDRANT OR AIR VALVE Wrap pipe in neoprene & insert pipe through hole in
> 1.0m the abutment.
REFER NOTE 4
2. Locate thrust block around welded on thrust rings or
ductile iron puddle flange as per MRWA-W-205A.
Locate 2 to 3 metres away from bridge abutment.
INLINE THRUST
3. Locate divide valves approximately 10m from both
RESTRAINT.
sides of the bridge, ensuring no connections to the
REFER NOTE 2
main in between the 2 divide valves.
B Valves will require bypass valve and pipework if main B
BRIDGE REFER NOTE 1 BRIDGE is >DN450 (refer MRWA-W-105).

ABUTTMENT ABUTTMENT 4. Locate hydrant or air valve on the high side adjacent
to a divide valve to facilitate charging of the main,
designer to determine most appropriate fitting in
DIVIDE VALVE
accordance with MRWA-W-304.
7.0 - 8.0m 2.0 - 3.0m 2.0 - 3.0m 7.0 - 8.0m 5. Two 45 degree bends may be used instead of two 90
degree bends adjacent to each abutment.
FIGURE 2011-A: PIPE BRIDGE CROSSING (LONG SECTION)
C C
1% CEMENT STABILISED FINISHED

HANDRAIL SADDLE HANDRAIL EPOXY SURFACE
EMBEDMENT HANDRAIL
CLAMP PAVEMENT
OTHER SERVICES ROAD PAVEMENT NUT AND WASHER
>1mm THICK PE OR
D NEPRENE D
BETWEEN CLAMP
AND PIPE
MIN
400
WATER
MAIN
EPDM RUBBER SUPPORT STRAPS
SUPPORT PAD
TIE RODS
12 THICK
LENGTH TO SUIT
WASHER 4No. PER
BARRIER EPDM 2No. PER ASSEMBLY
CAST IN SUPPORT ASSEMBLY
REQUIRED IF RUBBER BEAM DESIGNED FOR
E E
WATER MAIN IS SUPPORT PAD FULL PIPE LOAD. LOCKNUTS OR
NEXT TO 12 THICK TIE-ROD AND CRADLE DOUBLE NUTS
>1mm THICK PE OR >1mm THICK PE OR NEOPRENE
POWER CABLE PIPE SUPPORT.
NEOPRENE BETWEEN BETWEEN CLAMP AND PIPE
REFER FIGURE 211-E.
CLAMP AND PIPE
FIGURE 211-B: NEW BRIDGE FIGURE 211-C: NEW BRIDGE FIGURE 211-D: NEW & EXISTING BRIDGES FIGURE 211-E: HANGING PIPE SUPPORT DETAIL
(PREFERRED) (NO SERVICE DUCT AVAILABLE) (NO SERVICE DUCT AVAILABLE)
F F
GENERAL NOTES: MATERIALS NOTES:

A. Use only welded cathodically protected MS pipe or fully butt welded PE pipe. a. Pipe supports to be hot dipped galvanised steel (as per AS3679.1 grade 250) or 316 stainless steel.
B. Figure 211-B is the preferred option and shall be adopted if practicable. b. Pipe supports (support beam, clamps, tie rods etc) to be designed and sized to meet load conditions.
C. All exposed hanging pipework must be above the 1 in 100 year flood level. c. Use stainless steel steel min grade 316 for the tie rods, cradle supports, clamps, bolts, nuts and washers.
D. Buried water mains may cross waterways above culverts provided minimum cover requirements and minimum bedding requirements are met. d. Insulate all metallic fittings from mild steel pipe with neoprene or PE sheet (>1mm thick).
e. All fastenings to be terminated with lock or double nuts.
G G

H DRAWN: DATE: H
GWW
SEWL
GWW
SEWL
BRIDGE CROSSINGS MRWA-W-211
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
OPTIONS:
Θ
1. For deflections past higher risk structures such as barrel drains, waterways, major roads and rail lines, welded L OFFSET = L.Sin Θ PIPE / JOINT TYPE
mains are required. Refer to MRWA-W-210 and MRWA-W-211 for details. Θ
A A
2. Cold bending of PVC mains is not permitted. TYPICAL TYPICAL TYPICAL PVC COMMENTS
3. Optimise risk and construction cost by: TABLE 212-C: DEFLECTIONS RETIC PVC RETIC DI PIPE + DOUBLE
3.1. Minimizing the number of joints. Full length pipes preferred to cut pipes which if necessary should be of FIGURE 212-A: 1 PIPE DEFLECTION OFFSET SOC
PIPE PIPE
maximum possible length. CONNECTOR 6
For multiple cut pipe situations, the minimum cut pipe length is 21 normal pipe length.
3.2. Minimiising the amount of excavation required. Vertical deflections over longer distances will require Θ TYPICAL FULL LENGTH FOR L (m) 6 5.5 6 (PVC)
significant extra excavation. L TYPICAL MINIMUM LENGTH FOR L (m) 3 2.75 3 (PVC)
3.3. Minimising the number of concrete thrust blocks required, especially vertical thrust blocks. OFFSET = 2L.Sin Θ 7
TYPICAL Θ MAX (degrees) 1 3.5 VARIES DEPENDING ON MANUFACTURER
3.4. Only switching between pipe types (from RRJ main to a welded main and back again) where strictly L
necessary. MAX 1 PIPE MAX OFFSET (mm) 1 105 340 730 7 HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL DEFLECTION
B Θ B
4. Bends: Usually enable longer pipe lengths to be predominantly used. Variety of angles available, providing 1 PIPE OFFSET (mm)- 1 x 21 PIPE 53 138 365 2 or 3 PIPE HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION
flexibility. MAX 2 PIPE MAX OFFSET (mm) 1 210 670 7 1460 7 USUALLY NOT PREFERRED ALONG
Enable deflections to occur over a short distance, potentially reducing excavation & disruption to other services. FIGURE 212-B: 2 PIPE DEFLECTION OFFSET STRAIGHT ROADS DUE TO DISRUPTION
Socketed bends may require concrete blocking, which could be a problem in tight situations. MAX 3 PIPE MAX OFFSET (mm) 1 350 1115 7 2425 7 OF OTHER ASSETS
Often not practical in horizontal curved alignments as bends will often encroach on the alignment of neighboring 3 PIPE OFFSET (mm)- 3 x 21 PIPE 210 455 7 1212 7
Θ
services. L TYPICAL MIN R (m)- WHOLE PIPE 344 90 49
Sockets shall be offset so that they are not directly below obstructions.
Θ TYPICAL MIN R (m)- 1/2 PIPE 172 45 25
Restrained joint vertical bends are preferred to socketed bends. OFFSET =
5. Pipe socket deflections: Limited deflections possible. L 2.L.SinΘ + L.Sin(2Θ) VERTICAL BLOCKING REQUIREMENTS NO THRUST THRUST THRUST CONTROL VERTICAL BLOCKS REQUIRE
Do not usually require blocking (DI pipe may at larger angles). BLOCK CALCULATION REQUIRED 3 WATER AGENCY APPROVAL 5
C C
R L REQUIRED REQUIRED 2
Low joint numbers, especially with full length pipes.
Vertical deflections occur over a long distance, increasing excavation. Θ HORIZONTAL BLOCKING NO THRUST THRUST THRUST BLOCK
6. Double socket connectors: When used in numbers with short pipes, joint numbers will be high. R REQUIREMENTS BLOCK CALCULATION REQUIRED 4
Only suitable for shorter curves / deflections. REQUIRED REQUIRED 2
Pretapped connectors are equivalent to double socket connectors in their deflection capability.
7. Change to PE: Requires specialist welding skills to construct and careful thrust restraint at ends, but may NOTES Regarding Table 212-C:
significantly reduce the number of unrestrained joints, especially for long curves. R= L
1. Max offsets calculated using full length pipes and no fittings.
PE shall be bent in accordance with PIPA guideline POP202. 2TAN (Θ /2)
2. Thrust control requirements need to be calculated as per the method described in MRWA-W-204.
L = R 2TAN (Θ /2) (ie CUT PIPE LENGTH FOR REQUIRED RADIUS R)
TABLE 212-A: HORIZONTAL DEVIATION PREFERENCES 3. Block as per Table 205A-A using 1 2 of the mass volume of the 11.25° bend.
D D
4. Block as per 6° bends of MRWA-W-204.
PREFERENCE < 4 PIPE LENGTHS > 4 PIPE LENGTHS
5. Flanged or welded bends preferred to vertical blocks.
FABRICATED BENDS, or FABRICATED BENDS (for 6. Pre-tapped connectors provide the same amount of joint deflection as a double socket connector.
1 PIPE SOCKET DEFLECTIONS multiple sharper deflections), or
FIGURE 212-C: 3 PIPE DEFLECTION OFFSET or CURVED MAIN
7. For larger defections, it is often better to use bends to reduce excavation depths and / or limit disruption to horizontal alignments.
2 DOUBLE SOCKET CONNECTORS, or PIPE SOCKET DEFLECTIONS
PRE-TAPPED CONNECTORS (for longer radius curves), or DI SOCKET (Θ1 )
CHANGE TO PE (for shorter
3 CHANGE TO PE Θ1
radius curves)
L1 Θ1 = DI pipe socket angle of deflection (~3.5°), or
HIGHER PREFERENCE OPTIONS SHALL BE USED WHENEVER PRACTICABLE. Double socket angle of deflection (~7°)
Θ2 OFFSET =
E TABLE 212-B: VERTICAL DEVIATION PREFERENCES Θ2 = PVC pipe socket angle of deflection (~1°), or E
L2 2L1SinΘ1 + L2Sin(Θ1 +Θ2)
PREFERENCE JOINTING SYSTEM Double socket angle of deflection (~7°)
L1
UNBLOCKED PIPE SOCKET DEFLECTIONS, or Θ1
1
WELDED BENDS (PE or MSCL)
DI SOCKET (Θ1 )
2 FLANGED BENDS
FIGURE 212-D: 3 PIPE DEFLECTION OFFSET WITH Di AND PVC SOCKETS
HIGHER PREFERENCE OPTIONS SHALL BE USED WHENEVER PRACTICABLE.
100 MIN
F 100 350 MAX TABLE 212-D: VALVE HEIGHTS F
FSL FSL FSL
MAXIMUM VALVE HEIGHT
NOMINAL
'H' (mm)
450 DIAMETER (DN)
(PER AS 2638)
HEIGHT 'H'
825 100 450
x TRENCH DEPTH 150 520
225 660
300
300 825
G EXAMPLE: 375 985 G
VERTICAL OFFSET REQUIRED = VALVE HEIGHT (H) + SPINDLE COVER - 21 MAIN OD - MINIMUM PIPE COVER 450 1145
= 825 + 100 - 150 - 450 = 325 500 1270
VERTICAL DEFLECTION TO A VALVE 600 1560
750 1900

DESIGNED: R. JAGGER DATE: 10/07/2011 MRWA WATER SUPPLY STANDARD DRAWINGS NOT TO SCALE
3 MINOR ADDITIONS TO NOTES / TABLE 1/12/2016 RJ / CP / JT CHECKED NAME DATE APPROVED NAME DATE
2 PUBLISHED FIRST ISSUE 23/03/12 R. JAGGER X GWW C. RIVETTE 23/03/12 X GWW R. CARRUTHERS 23/03/12 CURVES AND DEFLECTIONS MRWA-W-212
1 PRE PUBLISHED DRAFT FOR COMMENT 12/07/11 R. JAGGER X SEWL C.PAXMAN 23/03/12 X SEWL G. REYNOLDS 23/03/12 (VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL)
REV DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED X YVW K. DAWSON 23/03/12 X YVW A COSHAM 23/03/12 ISSUED 2012 VERSION 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TABLE 213-A: TRENCHLESS RISK DEFINITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS REQ.2- Geotechnical Information Required for High Risk Trenchless Construction: REQ.3-General Construction Requirements:
LOW RISK MEDIUM RISK HIGH RISK · Comply with requirements of Table 213-B. Comply with the pipe manufacturers instructions with respect to the
The designer shall engage a geotechnical consultant to undertake bore hole analysis and report on ground
DEFINITION LENGTH < 25m LENGTH > 25m, or CROSSING A LESS SIGNIFICANT LENGTH > 100m, or suitability and conditions of use of the pipe for the selected construction method.
conditions as follows:
A WATERWAY, VICROADS RD, TRAMWAY, or WATER SIGNIFICANT WATERWAY, · Ensure metallic pipe coatings (ie: Di & MS pipe) are protected from damage (eg: use slippers or lubricant layer). A
1. Bore holes required as follows:
MAIN, SEWER OR DRAIN > DN2000 RAIL or FREEWAY CROSSING · Annular Space (space between bore hole and sleeve (if sleeved) or between bore hole and carrier pipe (if not
1.1. Bore holes shall be undertaken on both sides of a waterway crossing, within a few metres of the
DESIGN N/A REF REQ.1 REF REQ.1 sleeved)) and Grouting:
waters edge.
GEOTECHNICAL N/A N/A REF REQ.2 1.1. Grouting between sleeve and carrier pipe is generally not required.
1.2. This testing shall be undertaken even in difficult to access locations.
CONSTRUCTION REQ.3 and 4 or 5 REQ.3 and 4 or 5 REQ.3 and 4 or 5 1.2. It is preferred that the overcut diameter not exceed 30mm.
Dispensation is required where required bore holes cannot be completed.
1.3. When annulus > this limit, grout the annulus as per WSA03 MRWA edition (ie: use a flowable grout, eg:
NOTES Regarding Table 213-A: 1.3. Bore holes shall be to a depth at least 5m below the expected water main level.
liquafill or bentonite).
· Significant waterways can be defined as > 10m wide (if wetlands or lakes) or > 2m (average width of river or creek). 1.4. Existing bore hole data in close proximity to required bore holes may be acceptable in lieu of new
1.4. Grouting should commence as soon as possible after pipe installation (to prevent material falling into the
· All other waterways (marked as a water body in the melways) can be considered to be less significant. bore hole excavation(s).
annulus).
· Risk assessment of bored alignments also needs to consider the following risk factors: 1.5. Where cobbles or boulders are present, large diameter bore holes (>300) or test pits shall be
It should occur within 4 hours of completion (weak ground) or 24 hours (stable ground).
1. Impact on existing structures & services, ie: loading from existing structures and risk of not meeting minimum clearances. excavated to determine the size and spacing of these larger items.
B 2. Presence of high water table & the impact on drilling techniques. 1.5. Ensure grouting pressures do not exceed the buckling capability of the sleeve / pipe when empty. B
2. Bore hole information (vs depth / elevation) shall include:
3. Native soil physical properties and consistency. 2.1. X, Y co-ordinates and surface elevation. REQ.4- Construction Requirements for Laser Boring / Microtunneling:
4. Ability of the technique to meet the positional tolerances. 2.2. Blow count. 1. Shafts.
TABLE 213-B: PIPELINE JOINT TYPES AND LIMITATIONS 2.3. Grain size distribution. Shafts are to be prepared in close consultation with the boring contractor. Issues to address include:
2.4. Plasticity of cohesive soils. 1.1. Preparation of the thrust area.
JOINT STRENGTH JOINT / PIPE TYPE LENGTH LIMIT LIMITATIONS
2.5. Stabilized (24 hour) groundwater level. How is the strength of the native ground behind the thrust block to be maintained.
HIGH JACKING PIPE. WELDED Ref 4.4.1 & JACKING PIPE ONLY USED FOR SLEEVES, NOT
2.6. In rock: 1.2. Depth of shaft.
STEEL. BUTT WELDED PE or Jacking Limit WATER MAINS. JACKING / WINCHING FORCES
2.6.1. Compressive strength of rock. Sufficient clearance below the invert of the water main is required to enable the jacking frame to be
PVC. RESTRAINED JOINT DI CANNOT EXCEED LIMIT OF PIPELINE.
2.6.2. Jointing and fracturing (RQD). correctly set (0.5m to 1.2m extra depth typically required).
MEDIUM RRJ DI (PUSH ONLY) <50m ACCEPTABLE WHERE SIGNIFICANT RISK OF BORE HOLE 2.6.3. Structural complexity (folding & faults)
COLLAPSE, PUSH / PULL PIPE IN BEHIND BORE HEAD. 1.3. Preparation of shaft base (type & size of concrete pad).
C 2.6.4. Degree of weathering. 1.4. Location of props and bracing which may impede access of materials and equipment into the shaft. C
LOW RRJ PVC (PUSH ONLY) <25m REQUIRES STABLE OPEN BORE HOLE. 2.6.5. Mineralogy.
SHALL ONLY BE INSTALLED BY HAND. 1.5. Type of shaft support (sheet pile, shield, solder set, caisson).
3. Boring risks shall be assessed and reported, focusing on: 1.6. Method of managing any weak ground.
PIPE SPACERS / LOCATORS SHALL ALWAYS BE USED. 3.1. The stability of any open bore hole. 1.7. Method of groundwater management.
3.1.1. Unstable formations which may collapse into the bore hole. 1.8. Stabilisation / sealing of the bore entry point to prevent slurry or lubricant from coming back into the shaft.
REQ.1- Design Requirements for High and Medium Risk Trenchless Construction : 3.1.2. Risk of high plasticity clays swelling to partially or completely block the bore hole. 2. Settlement / subsidence.
1. Nominate the risk level, sleeve and joint / pipe requirements. Where the risk to bore hole stability is moderate to high, HDD should not be selected as the The contractor shall monitor and control the settlement of road and railway crossings to the satisfaction of the
2. Provide geotechnical information to the contractor (refer adjacent section) in high risk situations. construction method unless this risk can be controlled. controlling agency.
3. Obstructions. 3.2. Loss of drilling fluid or lubricant to surface (eg: frac out). 3. Requirements for intermediate jacking stations (IJSs).
3.1.The risks of underground obstructions (poor ground, underground assets) shall be determined and mitigated through the obtainment 3.3. Formations which may stop or deflect the boring head. 3.1. At least one IJS for drives exceeding 150m.
D of geotechnical and asset information. 3.4. Location of aquifers and the implications for boring. 3.2. At least two IJSs for drives exceeding 250m. D
3.2.Consult with HDD / micro-tunneling practitioners where poor ground (eg: rocks in clay / sand / gravel or unweathered rock) conditions 3.5. Optimum depth and alignment for trenchless construction which minimizes the above risks. 3.3. As required to keep jacking forces within 70% capacity of the:
are present to determine whether the proposed technology is practical.
3.3.1. Jacking pipe, and
3.3.Above ground items requiring protection (fauna, flora, heritage, other authority assets) shall be determined through a feature survey
3.3.2. Jacking frame, and
and investigation based on regulatory requirements. Jacking Force Calculation (Pipe Sleeves Only): 3.3.3. Thrust block.
3.4.Specify a suitable alignment and installation method for the new pipeline accordingly. 1. Jacking force (F) = Fp + Ff
4. Plan and long section design drawings are required for all >DN300 mains and any main that is non linear (has a profile to avoid REQ.5- Construction Requirements for Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD):
1.1. Fp= penetration resistance. This is the "back force" of the boring head against the earth during boring.
obstruction(s). They shall: 1. Construction risks shall be adequately identified and controlled by the contractor. This assessment and
1.2. Ff = frictional resistance. This is the force required to overcome the friction of the jacking pipe in the bore
4.1.Indication of where obstructions and protected items are located. control plan shall at least indicate the preventative and remedial actions for:
hole.
4.2.Method of construction (open cut / laser bore / HDD) shall be nominated for each pipe length. 2. Fp = 8 x D3 P (kN) 1.1. Loss of drilling fluid (frac out).
4.3.For micro-tunneled pipelines, indicate: 2.1. D = pipe external diameter (m). 1.2. Loss of circulation of drilling fluid (indicating frac out).
E 4.3.1.The SN rating of jacking pipe (if jacking pipe- refer adjacent section). 1.3. Drilling mud seepage (spillage) onto land or into a waterway. E
2.2. P = face resistance:
4.3.2.Expected size and locations of boring shafts. 2.0.1. P = 50 for soft materials (soft clay and sand) 1.4. Collapsed hole.
Approximate shaft sizes of 2m x 4m (DN150 to DN375), 2m x 6m (DN450 - DN900) and 4m x 8m (>DN900) may be used. 2.0.2. P = 60 for mid stiffness materials (stiff clay and mixed gravel & sand) 1.5. Washout of cavity and collapse of the surface.
Long dimension of shaft shall be in line with the pipe. 2.0.3. P = 70 for hard materials (rock) 1.6. Stuck or deflected drill stem.
Access for equipment (eg: truck access) to shaft shall be acceptable. 3. Ff = 10 x p D L Q (kn) 1.7. Swelling of high plasticity clays which may partially or completely block the bore hole.
4.3.3.Suggested method of shaft construction: 3.1. L = jacking distance (pipe length in m) 1.8. Lost tools.
Caisson or sheet pile perimeter (where ground conditions are weak or unstable & / or where high ground water is expected). 3.2. Q = a + 0.4D 1.9. Pedestrian safety.
Shields or soldier pile (where solid & dry ground). a = 0.15 for stiff clays and rock 1.10. Traffic hazards.
4.3.4.Expected location of staging area around the boring shafts. a = 0.24 for sands 1.11. Damage to flora, fauna and assets.
Sufficient space around bore shafts shall be provided for location of plant, equipment and materials. a = 0.34 for soft clay and mixed gravel & sand 1.12. Site security.
F 4.4.For HDD installed pipelines: 4. In summary: F = 8 D3 P + 30 D L (a + 0.4D) 1.13. Pull back force exceeding the tensile limit of pipe. F
4.4.1.Pipe type and SDR. 1.14. Unsatisfactory pipe jointing.
The drilling limits of PE100 pipe is as follows: 1.15. Damage to pipe (during pull back).
SDR17 -230m limit (only permitted for pipe sleeves) SN Rating of Jacking Pipe: 2. To ensure bore hole blockage and fluid losses are detected and addressed, monitoring and reporting shall
SDR13.6 -280m limit (only permitted for pipe sleeves) 1. Size the ID of the water pipe or sleeve. be undertaken which at least:
SDR11 -350m limit 2. Estimate jacking force required to install this pipe (using the left method).
2.1. Strictly monitors drilling fluid volumes,
SDR9 -420m limit 3. Select preliminary SN rating of jacking pipe.
2.2. Monitors annular pressure.
(these are linear pipe metres, not "as the crow flies" distances). 3.1. Look up supplier catalogue.
2.3. Monitors cutting returns.
Check that the selected SDR is able to withstand vertical loads. 3.2. Select the minimum SN rating which can withstand the estimated jacking force.
2.4. Monitors the ground and waterways within 400m of boring.
4.4.2.Expected size and location(s) of drilling site(s) and pipe jointing site(s). 4. Review need for intermediate jacking stations (which would reduce jacking force).
Any loss of drilling fluid or drilling mud shall be contained and immediately reported to the water agency.
Typically, entry requires ~50m² and exit sites require 25m². 4.A. Review required when the jacking length is > 150m or the required SN is > 100,000.
3. The pipe shall not be bent beyond the minimum radius of the pipe (refer PIPA document POP202).
G Access for equipment (eg: truck access) to shaft shall be acceptable. 4.B. Assess the jacking forces required if intermediate jacking station(s) were to be used. G
4. The installed pipe shall be allowed to relax and cool for at least 12 hours before it is restrained at either end.
Sites need to be reasonably flat, clear and well drained. 4.C. Assess the additional cost of the intermediate jacking stations (consult with laser boring contractor)
5. The location of the drill stem (& therefore pipe) shall be monitored and recorded in the as constructed
4.4.3.Drill insertion point(s), angle(s) and set back(s) from maintenance shafts. vs the savings in pipe (due to lower SN rating).
5. Finalise SN rating of jacking pipe. documentation (to ensure pipe can be located in future).
5. Groundwater management.
Select the lowest cost jacking and pipe system. 6. Settlement / subsidence.
The designer shall nominate the limits of discharge quality, quantity and available discharge points.
6. All necessary third party approvals and conditions shall be obtained and their conditions included in the design drawings or specifications. 6. Check that the SN rating of the pipe will also meet vertical loadings. The contractor shall monitor and control the settlement of road and railway crossings to the satisfaction of
Settlement monitoring requirements and limits (if any) shall be included. the controlling agency.

DESIGNED: R. JAGGER DATE: 1 JUN 2016 MRWA WATER SUPPLY STANDARDS NOT TO SCALE
H DRAWN: R. JAGGER DATE: 1 JUN 2016 H
CHECKED: NAME DATE APPROVED: NAME DATE
2
1
FIRST DRAFT
01/12/16 RJ / CP / JT
01/05/16 CP / JT / RJ
GWW
SEW
B. VANOS
C. PAXMAN
01/09/15
01/09/15
GWW
SEW
R. CARRUTHERS 01/09/15
D. O'DONOVAN 01/09/15
TRENCHLESS CONSTRUCTION MRWA-W-213
REV DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED YVW J.TOMASI 01/09/15 YVW S. TAN 01/09/15 ISSUED 2016 VERSION NO. 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TABLE 213-A: TRENCHLESS RISK DEFINITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS REQ.2- Geotechnical Information Required for High Risk Trenchless Construction: REQ.3-General Construction Requirements:
LOW RISK MEDIUM RISK HIGH RISK · Comply with requirements of Table 213-B. Comply with the pipe manufacturers instructions with respect to the
The designer shall engage a geotechnical consultant to undertake bore hole analysis and report on ground
DEFINITION LENGTH < 25m LENGTH > 25m, or CROSSING A LESS SIGNIFICANT LENGTH > 100m, or suitability and conditions of use of the pipe for the selected construction method.
conditions as follows:
A WATERWAY, VICROADS RD, TRAMWAY, or WATER SIGNIFICANT WATERWAY, · Ensure metallic pipe coatings (ie: Di & MS pipe) are protected from damage (eg: use slippers or lubricant layer). A
1. Bore holes required as follows:
MAIN, SEWER OR DRAIN > DN2000 RAIL or FREEWAY CROSSING · Annular Space (space between bore hole and sleeve (if sleeved) or between bore hole and carrier pipe (if not
1.1. Bore holes shall be undertaken on both sides of a waterway crossing, within a few metres of the
DESIGN N/A REF REQ.1 REF REQ.1 sleeved)) and Grouting:
waters edge.
GEOTECHNICAL N/A N/A REF REQ.2 1.1. Grouting between sleeve and carrier pipe is generally not required.
1.2. This testing shall be undertaken even in difficult to access locations.
CONSTRUCTION REQ.3 and 4 or 5 REQ.3 and 4 or 5 REQ.3 and 4 or 5 1.2. It is preferred that the overcut diameter not exceed 30mm.
Dispensation is required where required bore holes cannot be completed.
1.3. When annulus > this limit, grout the annulus as per WSA03 MRWA edition (ie: use a flowable grout, eg:
NOTES Regarding Table 213-A: 1.3. Bore holes shall be to a depth at least 5m below the expected water main level.
liquafill or bentonite).
· Significant waterways can be defined as > 10m wide (if wetlands or lakes) or > 2m (average width of river or creek). 1.4. Existing bore hole data in close proximity to required bore holes may be acceptable in lieu of new
1.4. Grouting should commence as soon as possible after pipe installation (to prevent material falling into the
· All other waterways (marked as a water body in the melways) can be considered to be less significant. bore hole excavation(s).
annulus).
· Risk assessment of bored alignments also needs to consider the following risk factors: 1.5. Where cobbles or boulders are present, large diameter bore holes (>300) or test pits shall be
It should occur within 4 hours of completion (weak ground) or 24 hours (stable ground).
1. Impact on existing structures & services, ie: loading from existing structures and risk of not meeting minimum clearances. excavated to determine the size and spacing of these larger items.
B
2. Presence of high water table & the impact on drilling techniques. 1.5. Ensure grouting pressures do not exceed the buckling capability of the sleeve / pipe when empty. B
2. Bore hole information (vs depth / elevation) shall include:
3. Native soil physical properties and consistency. 2.1. X, Y co-ordinates and surface elevation. REQ.4- Construction Requirements for Laser Boring / Microtunneling:
4. Ability of the technique to meet the positional tolerances. 2.2. Blow count. 1. Shafts.
TABLE 213-B: PIPELINE JOINT TYPES AND LIMITATIONS 2.3. Grain size distribution. Shafts are to be prepared in close consultation with the boring contractor. Issues to address include:
2.4. Plasticity of cohesive soils. 1.1. Preparation of the thrust area.
JOINT STRENGTH JOINT / PIPE TYPE LENGTH LIMIT LIMITATIONS
2.5. Stabilized (24 hour) groundwater level. How is the strength of the native ground behind the thrust block to be maintained.
HIGH JACKING PIPE. WELDED Ref 4.4.1 & JACKING PIPE ONLY USED FOR SLEEVES, NOT
2.6. In rock: 1.2. Depth of shaft.
STEEL. BUTT WELDED PE or Jacking Limit WATER MAINS. JACKING / WINCHING FORCES
2.6.1. Compressive strength of rock. Sufficient clearance below the invert of the water main is required to enable the jacking frame to be
PVC. RESTRAINED JOINT DI CANNOT EXCEED LIMIT OF PIPELINE.
2.6.2. Jointing and fracturing (RQD). correctly set (0.5m to 1.2m extra depth typically required).
MEDIUM RRJ DI (PUSH ONLY) <50m ACCEPTABLE WHERE SIGNIFICANT RISK OF BORE HOLE 2.6.3. Structural complexity (folding & faults)
COLLAPSE, PUSH / PULL PIPE IN BEHIND BORE HEAD. 1.3. Preparation of shaft base (type & size of concrete pad).
C 2.6.4. Degree of weathering. 1.4. Location of props and bracing which may impede access of materials and equipment into the shaft.
C
LOW RRJ PVC (PUSH ONLY) <25m REQUIRES STABLE OPEN BORE HOLE. 2.6.5. Mineralogy.
SHALL ONLY BE INSTALLED BY HAND. 1.5. Type of shaft support (sheet pile, shield, solder set, caisson).
3. Boring risks shall be assessed and reported, focusing on: 1.6. Method of managing any weak ground.
PIPE SPACERS / LOCATORS SHALL ALWAYS BE USED. 3.1. The stability of any open bore hole. 1.7. Method of groundwater management.
3.1.1. Unstable formations which may collapse into the bore hole. 1.8. Stabilisation / sealing of the bore entry point to prevent slurry or lubricant from coming back into the shaft.
REQ.1- Design Requirements for High and Medium Risk Trenchless Construction : 3.1.2. Risk of high plasticity clays swelling to partially or completely block the bore hole. 2. Settlement / subsidence.
1. Nominate the risk level, sleeve and joint / pipe requirements. Where the risk to bore hole stability is moderate to high, HDD should not be selected as the The contractor shall monitor and control the settlement of road and railway crossings to the satisfaction of the
2. Provide geotechnical information to the contractor (refer adjacent section) in high risk situations. construction method unless this risk can be controlled. controlling agency.
3. Obstructions. 3.2. Loss of drilling fluid or lubricant to surface (eg: frac out). 3. Requirements for intermediate jacking stations (IJSs).
3.1.The risks of underground obstructions (poor ground, underground assets) shall be determined and mitigated through the obtainment 3.3. Formations which may stop or deflect the boring head. 3.1. At least one IJS for drives exceeding 150m.
D of geotechnical and asset information. 3.4. Location of aquifers and the implications for boring. 3.2. At least two IJSs for drives exceeding 250m. D
3.2.Consult with HDD / micro-tunneling practitioners where poor ground (eg: rocks in clay / sand / gravel or unweathered rock) conditions 3.5. Optimum depth and alignment for trenchless construction which minimizes the above risks. 3.3. As required to keep jacking forces within 70% capacity of the:
are present to determine whether the proposed technology is practical.
3.3.1. Jacking pipe, and
3.3.Above ground items requiring protection (fauna, flora, heritage, other authority assets) shall be determined through a feature survey
3.3.2. Jacking frame, and
and investigation based on regulatory requirements. Jacking Force Calculation (Pipe Sleeves Only): 3.3.3. Thrust block.
3.4.Specify a suitable alignment and installation method for the new pipeline accordingly. 1. Jacking force (F) = Fp + Ff
4. Plan and long section design drawings are required for all >DN300 mains and any main that is non linear (has a profile to avoid REQ.5- Construction Requirements for Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD):
1.1. Fp= penetration resistance. This is the "back force" of the boring head against the earth during boring.
obstruction(s). They shall: 1. Construction risks shall be adequately identified and controlled by the contractor. This assessment and
1.2. Ff = frictional resistance. This is the force required to overcome the friction of the jacking pipe in the bore
4.1.Indication of where obstructions and protected items are located. control plan shall at least indicate the preventative and remedial actions for:
hole.
4.2.Method of construction (open cut / laser bore / HDD) shall be nominated for each pipe length. 2. Fp = 8 x D3 P (kN) 1.1. Loss of drilling fluid (frac out).
4.3.For micro-tunneled pipelines, indicate: 2.1. D = pipe external diameter (m). 1.2. Loss of circulation of drilling fluid (indicating frac out).
E 4.3.1.The SN rating of jacking pipe (if jacking pipe- refer adjacent section). 1.3. Drilling mud seepage (spillage) onto land or into a waterway. E
2.2. P = face resistance:
4.3.2.Expected size and locations of boring shafts. 2.0.1. P = 50 for soft materials (soft clay and sand) 1.4. Collapsed hole.
Approximate shaft sizes of 2m x 4m (DN150 to DN375), 2m x 6m (DN450 - DN900) and 4m x 8m (>DN900) may be used. 2.0.2. P = 60 for mid stiffness materials (stiff clay and mixed gravel & sand) 1.5. Washout of cavity and collapse of the surface.
Long dimension of shaft shall be in line with the pipe. 2.0.3. P = 70 for hard materials (rock) 1.6. Stuck or deflected drill stem.
Access for equipment (eg: truck access) to shaft shall be acceptable. 3. Ff = 10 x p D L Q (kn) 1.7. Swelling of high plasticity clays which may partially or completely block the bore hole.
4.3.3.Suggested method of shaft construction: 3.1. L = jacking distance (pipe length in m) 1.8. Lost tools.
Caisson or sheet pile perimeter (where ground conditions are weak or unstable & / or where high ground water is expected). 3.2. Q = a + 0.4D 1.9. Pedestrian safety.
Shields or soldier pile (where solid & dry ground). a = 0.15 for stiff clays and rock 1.10. Traffic hazards.
4.3.4.Expected location of staging area around the boring shafts. a = 0.24 for sands 1.11. Damage to flora, fauna and assets.
Sufficient space around bore shafts shall be provided for location of plant, equipment and materials. a = 0.34 for soft clay and mixed gravel & sand 1.12. Site security.
F 4.4.For HDD installed pipelines: 4. In summary: F = 8 D3 P + 30 D L (a + 0.4D) 1.13. Pull back force exceeding the tensile limit of pipe. F
4.4.1.Pipe type and SDR. 1.14. Unsatisfactory pipe jointing.
The drilling limits of PE100 pipe is as follows: 1.15. Damage to pipe (during pull back).
SDR17 -230m limit (only permitted for pipe sleeves) SN Rating of Jacking Pipe: 2. To ensure bore hole blockage and fluid losses are detected and addressed, monitoring and reporting shall
SDR13.6 -280m limit (only permitted for pipe sleeves) 1. Size the ID of the water pipe or sleeve. be undertaken which at least:
SDR11 -350m limit 2. Estimate jacking force required to install this pipe (using the left method).
2.1. Strictly monitors drilling fluid volumes,
SDR9 -420m limit 3. Select preliminary SN rating of jacking pipe.
2.2. Monitors annular pressure.
(these are linear pipe metres, not "as the crow flies" distances). 3.1. Look up supplier catalogue.
2.3. Monitors cutting returns.
Check that the selected SDR is able to withstand vertical loads. 3.2. Select the minimum SN rating which can withstand the estimated jacking force.
2.4. Monitors the ground and waterways within 400m of boring.
4.4.2.Expected size and location(s) of drilling site(s) and pipe jointing site(s). 4. Review need for intermediate jacking stations (which would reduce jacking force).
Any loss of drilling fluid or drilling mud shall be contained and immediately reported to the water agency.
Typically, entry requires ~50m² and exit sites require 25m². 4.A. Review required when the jacking length is > 150m or the required SN is > 100,000.
3. The pipe shall not be bent beyond the minimum radius of the pipe (refer PIPA document POP202).
G Access for equipment (eg: truck access) to shaft shall be acceptable. 4.B. Assess the jacking forces required if intermediate jacking station(s) were to be used. G
4. The installed pipe shall be allowed to relax and cool for at least 12 hours before it is restrained at either end.
Sites need to be reasonably flat, clear and well drained. 4.C. Assess the additional cost of the intermediate jacking stations (consult with laser boring contractor)
5. The location of the drill stem (& therefore pipe) shall be monitored and recorded in the as constructed
4.4.3.Drill insertion point(s), angle(s) and set back(s) from maintenance shafts. vs the savings in pipe (due to lower SN rating).
5. Finalise SN rating of jacking pipe. documentation (to ensure pipe can be located in future).
5. Groundwater management.
Select the lowest cost jacking and pipe system. 6. Settlement / subsidence.
The designer shall nominate the limits of discharge quality, quantity and available discharge points.
6. All necessary third party approvals and conditions shall be obtained and their conditions included in the design drawings or specifications. 6. Check that the SN rating of the pipe will also meet vertical loadings. The contractor shall monitor and control the settlement of road and railway crossings to the satisfaction of
Settlement monitoring requirements and limits (if any) shall be included. the controlling agency.

DESIGNED: DATE: MRWA WATER SUPPLY STANDARD DRAWINGSNOT TO SCALE
H DRAWN: DATE: H
GWW
SEWL
GWW
SEWL
TRENCHLESS CONSTRUCTION MRWA-W-213
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
FSL
A A
RETAINING 400 to 500 L

EXS
WALL
<2000
Initially install vertical SOLDIERS

conduit to ~1m above
the existing surface
<300 level. Cut conduit
down to the correct SLEEPERS
B
height during property B
>1000 (<DN225) service installation.
>300
>1500 (DN250 to DN300) >800 LOCATE WATER SERVICE
> 2000 (>DN315) MIDWAY BETWEEN PILES
90° +/-10°
Where footing depth

>600, install a conduit EXAMPLE OF
through the footing FOUNDATION 450 to 600 >1000 (<DN225) >300
C >1500 (DN250 to DN300) C
Water main shall be above the > 2000 (>DN315)
footing's minimum angle of CONDUIT SWEEP
FIGURE 213-A: WATER ASSETS AROUND RETAINING WALLS (ISOMETRIC) repose (nominally 45°) >150 BEND, R>1000 PILE
300 to 400
NOTES Regarding Water Assets around Retaining Walls: FIGURE 213-B: WATER ASSETS AROUND RETAINING WALLS WITH
1. Refer to MRWA document "Guidelines for Proposed Works Over / Adjacent to Water Authority Assets up to and including 225mm
FOOTINGS (ELEVATION)
diameter" for further details and the principals of protection of water assets from loads of structures. FIGURE 214-D: WATER ASSETS AROUND RETAINING
2. Build over approval for construction above existing water assets is required.
D 3. Build over approval is not required for retaining walls over new water assets where the conditions of this drawings are met. WALLS WITH PILES (PLAN) D
4. The requirements of this document relate to retaining walls in all locations, whether they be in private or public land.
5. Key objectives of retaining wall and water designs shall be;
5.1. Ensure structural integrity of the water assets throughout the life of the asset (ie: manage risk of water asset deflection and
backfill subsidence). RETAINING WALL
5.2. Ensure structural integrity of the retaining wall (ie: manage the risk of deflection, collapse or subsidence of the retaining wall). FSL
5.3. Ensure adequate access to water assets for operations, maintenance and plumbing activity.
6. Where there are retaining walls, water asset designs shall indicate/ include: L
400 to 500 EXS
6.1. The location of all retaining walls.
6.2. The offset of all water assets within 2m of retaining walls.
E 6.3. The location of all piles relative to water asset crossings. <2000 Initially install vertical E
6.4. Foundation and retaining wall details including wall type, height, depth of foundations and locations of piers. >300 conduit to ~1m above
7. Requirements of the retaining wall: the existing surface
7.1. Height shall be < 2m tall. level. Cut conduit
>300
7.2. When piles are constructed after water assets, retaining wall foundations shall be bored and not driven. down to the correct
7.3. Retaining walls > 800 high shall be designed in accordance with AS4678 earth retaining structures. 90° +/-10° height during property
8. Requirements of water asset crossing under retaining walls: service installation.
8.1. Only <DN63PE mains or property service connections shall cross retaining walls.
8.2. Conduits shall cross retaining wall at a 90° angle +/- 10°, > 600 from retaining wall piles if possible. Conduit as
8.3. All water asset testing shall be completed after the structural part of the retaining wall (footings or piles) has been fully per Table
constructed. > 300 110-B F
F 450 to 600
8.4. Where water mains or services are damaged during the construction of the retaining wall, they shall be fully replaced (not
>1000 (<DN225)
repaired).
>1500 (DN250 to DN300)
9. Clearances and minimum offsets: 300 to 400
> 2000 (>DN315)
9.1. Minimum vertical clearance between pipe and retaining wall of 150. CONDUIT SWEEP
9.2. Property connections end ball valves shall be kept at least 300 clear of retaining walls. BEND, R>1000
9.3. All pipe and fittings shall be located above the angle of repose from the bottom of retaining wall footings where possible.
9.4. Water assets adjacent to but not crossing a retaining wall shall have a minimum offset from the wall of 1.0m (where <DN225),
1.5m (where >DN225& <DN300) and 2.0m (where >DN300).
10. Where pier and beam foundations to a level below the water assets are not used: PILES MUST
10.1. Provide details which demonstrate that the retaining wall will tolerate a 1m wide trench being excavated adjacent to or EXTEND BELOW
G G
underneath the retaining wall without negative affect. WATER ASSETS
Signoff from a suitably qualified and experienced engineer shall be provided with these details.
10.2. Provide structural calculations for walls > 600 high which shall include live construction and static
loads from the retaining wall. FIGURE 213-C: WATER ASSET OFFSET FROM FIGURE 214-E: WATER ASSETS AROUND RETAINING WALLS WITH
RETAINING WALLS (PLAN VIEW) PILES (ELEVATION)

DESIGNED: DATE: MRWA WATER SUPPLY STANDARD DRAWINGSNOT TO SCALE
H DRAWN: DATE: H
GWW
SEWL
GWW
SEWL
WATER ASSETS AROUND MRWA-W-214
REV DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED YVW YVW RETAINING WALLS ISSUED 2016 VERSION 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Guide for assessing native soil strength and AHBP values

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Guide for assessing native soil strength and AHBP values

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* SPECIAL GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT REQUIRED

MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCIES

TABLE 201-A: TRAFFICABLE AREAS (TYPE R or F BACKFILL) X

ZONE MRWA specification 04.03. 95% R D

EMBED- · Refer to MRWA-W-203.

NOTES: X IS A DISTANCE EQUIVALENT TO THE MAINS DEPTH TO A MAXIMUM OF 1m

MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCIES

TRENCH FILL TRENCH FILL TRENCH FILL

sleeve 1. The principle applied to water main EMBEDMENT

Dowels (if plain concrete) Concrete

MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCIES

OTHER EXCAVATION EDGE

OTHER EXCAVATION EDGE

OTHER EXCAVATION EDGE

OTHER EXCAVATION EDGE

A2 MIN 150 FOR MAINS > DN150. FL-FL CONNECTOR

MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCIES

FSL Fit and tape in place a full circumferential

H > 100 > 100

LOWEST ACCEPTABLE LEVEL

GROUND GROUND Y' = 3.P.π.r 2 = 3.P.π.D 2

10. Joints, bolts and nuts to be clear of concrete.

MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCIES

FIGURE 206-A: BEND TIMBER /

N20 (or better)

>2x BLOCKS FOR

Hardwood block(s)- 600 x 300 x 50, or

MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCIES

DETAIL D: PLAN VIEW, TEE THRUST RESTRAINT GENERAL NOTES:

2. 9. IF MAXIMUM JOINT DEFLECTION IS DESIRED, PUSH THE SPIGOT TO THE FIRST

MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCIES

<V FIGURE 208-B: TRENCHSTOP WITH DRAIN (SECTION)

NOTES on Figures 208-B & C:

MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCIES

GROUNDWATER DRAIN THROUGH

FSL FSL FSL

PUDDLE FLANGE PACK BAGS TIGHTLY

DETAIL B: SECTION, CONCRETE BULKHEAD

MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCIES

2 PER PIPE LENGTH (MSCL) 1. Allow free movement of pipe in abutment.

BRIDGE REFER NOTE 1 BRIDGE is >DN450 (refer MRWA-W-105).

1% CEMENT STABILISED FINISHED

GENERAL NOTES: MATERIALS NOTES:

MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCIES

MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCIES

MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCIES

MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCIES

RETAINING 400 to 500 L

Initially install vertical SOLDIERS

Where footing depth

MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCIES

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