任风帆 2020511015 The 5th homework for Electrodynamics

Problem 1
(a)
Assume that the rate of turn is n and the current is I0 . We can choose the part with
thickness dz ′ whose position is z = z ′ then dI = nI0 dz ′ , the magnitude of the magnetic field
in the position z axis generated by the part is
µ0 R × 2πR
dBz = dI 3 ẑ
4π [(z − z ′ )2 + R2 ] 2
nR2 µ0 I0 dz ′
= 3 ẑ
2 [(z − z ′ )2 + R2 ] 2
So the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the total solenoid is
ˆ 0
nR2 µ0 I0 dz ′
Bz (z) = ẑ 3
2 −∞ [(z − z ′ )2 + R2 ] 2
0
nR2 µ0 I0 z′ − z 
= ẑ p 
2 R2 (z − z ′ )2 + R2 −∞
√
nµ0 I0 z 2 + R2 − z
= √ ẑ
2 z 2 + R2
The force the small sample experienced is

F = ∇(m · Bz )

Now assume that the small sample has χm and V , then

m = V M = V χm H
√
Bz nI0 z 2 + R2 − z
Hz = = √ ẑ
µ0 2 z 2 + R2
⇒ F = ∇ (V χm H · µ0 H)
In this case, the field are only in the z direction and only depend on z, so
√ 2 2
d
n2 I02 d z + R2 − z
F = V χ m µ0 2
Hz = V χ m µ 0 √
dz 4 dz z 2 + R2
We want to find the position of the greatest force, so
√ 2 2  √

d2 z + R2 − z 2 R4 + 3R2 z R2 + z 2 − z
√ = 3 =0
dz 2 z 2 + R2 (R2 + z 2 )
R
z = ±√
15
The solenoid starts at z = 0 and extends to z = −∞, so
R
z = −√
15
(b)
First, to find the current density. Assume that there is charge distribution ρ = σ δ(r′ sin θ′ −
R), (z ≤ 0). When this distrbution rotates with angular velocity ω. We have

J = σ δ(r′ sin θ′ − R)ωRϕ̂

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任风帆 2020511015 The 5th homework for Electrodynamics

ˆ +∞
dI = J dr′ × dz ′ = σωR dz ′ = nI0 dz ′
0
⇒ σωR = nI0

⇒ J = nI0 δ(r′ sin θ′ − R)ϕ̂

Now calculate the Mlm . When l = 0, m = 0, we can get

˚
r′ J · Y0,0 (θ′ , ϕ′ ) dτ ′
0 ⋆
M0,0 =
ˆ π ˆ +∞ ˆ 2π
′ ′ ′ ′ ′
=nI0 sin θ dθ δ(r sin θ − R) dr ⋆
Y0,0 ϕ̂ dϕ′
π
2 0 0

=0

When l = 1, m = −1
˚
r′ J · Y1,−1 (θ′ , ϕ′ ) dτ ′
1 ⋆
M1,−1 =
ˆ π ˆ +∞ ˆ 2π
′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′
=nI0 sin θ dθ r δ(r sin θ − R) dr ⋆
Y1,−1 ϕ̂ dϕ′
π
0 0
r 2
ˆ π ˆ +∞
3π ′ ′
=nI0 (−x̂i + ŷ) sin θ dθ r′ sin θ′ δ(r′ sin θ′ − R) dr′
8 π
0
r ˆ π
2

3π R
=nI0 (−x̂i + ŷ) sin θ′ · ′
sin θ′ dθ′
8 π sin θ
r 2

3π
=nI0 R (−x̂i + ŷ)
8
When l = 1, m = 0
˚
r′ J · Y1,0 (θ′ , ϕ′ ) dτ ′
1 ⋆
M1,0 =
ˆ π ˆ +∞ ˆ 2π
′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′
=nI0 sin θ dθ r δ(r sin θ − R) dr ⋆
Y1,0 ϕ̂ dϕ′
π
2 0 0

=0

When l = 1, m = 1
˚
r′ J · Y1,1 (θ′ , ϕ′ ) dτ ′
1 ⋆
M1,1 =
ˆ π ˆ +∞ ˆ 2π
′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′
=nI0 sin θ dθ r δ(r sin θ − R) dr ⋆
Y1,1 ϕ̂ dϕ′
π
0 0
r2
ˆ π ˆ +∞
3π
=nI0 (−x̂i − ŷ) sin θ′ dθ′ r′ sin θ′ δ(r′ sin θ′ − R) dr′
8 π
0
r ˆ
2
π
3π R
=nI0 (−x̂i − ŷ) sin θ′ · ′
sin θ′ dθ′
8 π sin θ
r 2

3π
=nI0 R (−x̂i − ŷ)
8
nµ0 πI0 R nµ0 πI0 R sin θ
⇒A≈ 2
sin θ (−x̂ sin ϕ + ŷ cos ϕ) = ϕ̂
4r 4 r2

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任风帆 2020511015 The 5th homework for Electrodynamics

     
nµ0 πI0 R 1 ∂ sin2 θ 1 ∂ sin θ
B ≈∇ × A = r̂ + − θ̂
4 r sin θ ∂θ r2 r ∂r r
nµ0 πI0 R 2 cos θr̂ + sin θθ̂
≈
4 r3
For the position with small displacement s away from the z axis. In spherical coordinates
sŝ + z ẑ z ρ̂ − sẑ
the position is r sin θ = s and r̂ = √ , θ̂ = √
s2 + z 2 s2 + z 2
nµ0 πI0 R (2z 2 − s2 )ẑ + 3zsŝ
B(z) = 5
4 (s2 + z 2 ) 2
nπI0 R (2z 2 − s2 )ẑ + 3zsŝ
⇒H= 5
4 (s2 + z 2 ) 2
 
n2 π 2 I02 R2 (2z 2 − s2 )2 + 9z 2 s2
F = ∇ (V χm H · µ0 H) = V χm µ0 ∇
16 (s2 + z 2 )5
(2z 2 − s2 )2 + 9z 2 s2
depends only on z, so
(s2 + z 2 )5
 
(2z 2 − s2 )2 + 9z 2 s2 d (2z 2 − s2 )2 + 9z 2 s2
∇ =ẑ
(s2 + z 2 )5 dz (s2 + z 2 )5
d (2z 2 − s2 )2 + 9z 2 s2
+ ŝ
ds (s2 + z 2 )5
24z 3 6(s3 + 5sz 2 )
=− 2 ẑ − ŝ
(s + z 2 )5 (s2 + z 2 )5
 
n2 π 2 I02 R2 12z 3 3(s3 + 5sz 2 )
⇒ F = −V χm µ0 ẑ + ŝ
8 (s2 + z 2 )5 (s2 + z 2 )5
n2 π 2 I02 R2 3(s3 + 5sz 2 )
⇒ Fs = −V χm µ0
8 (s2 + z 2 )5
Problem 2
(a)
What we know is the macroscopic field is B, so
B χm B
H= ⇒M =
µ0 (1 + χm ) µ0 (1 + χm )
As for the bound current

Kb = M × n̂, Jb = ∇ × M

Assume the radius of the atom is r. The size of atom is so small that we can consider the
magnetic field is the same everywhere in the atom and build a coordinate whose ẑ direction
is the same with B. Then the field generated by the bound current is
ˆ
µ0 M × n̂ × (−n̂)
BK = da
4π r2
ˆ
µ0 π χm B sin2 θ
= ẑ · 2πr2 sin θ dθ
4π 0 µ0 (1 + χm )r2
2χm B
=
3(1 + χm )

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任风帆 2020511015 The 5th homework for Electrodynamics

ˆ
µ0 ∇ × M × (−n̂)
BJ = dτ = 0
4π r2
2χm B
Bb = BK + BJ =
3(1 + χm )
The local magnetic field is
(3 + χm )B
Bloc = B − Bb =
3(1 + χm )

(b)

4πr3 4πr3 χm B
m =M · =
3 3µ0 (1 + χm )
3
4πr χm (3 + χm )B
=
µ0 (3 + χm ) 3(1 + χm )
4πr3 χm
= Bloc
µ0 (3 + χm )
Compare to the m = αm Bloc

4πr3 χm
αm =
µ0 (3 + χm )
Problem 3
(a)
Assume there is only the ferromagnet. It is abvious that there is no free current, so
∇ × H = 0. Then we can write H = −∇Φ′
1
∇2 Φ′ = −∇ · H = − ∇·B+∇·M =∇·M
µ0
we know M = M0 ẑ, which leads to ∇ · M = 0. Then we will get
‹ ¨
1 M (r ′ ) · n̂′ ′ M0 R2 cos θ′
Φ′ (r, θ) = da = dΩ′
4π |r − r ′ | 4π |r − r ′ |

And we find that


 1 P∞ Pl 1 r<l

 = 4π Y ⋆ (θ′ , ϕ′ )Yl,m (θ, ϕ)
|r − r ′ | l=0 m=−l
r 2l + 1 r l+1 l,m
>

 4π
 cos θ = P1 (cos θ ) =
′ ′
Y1,0 (θ , ϕ′ )
′
3

r ¨
∞ X
X l
1 r<l
4π
′
⇒ Φ (r, θ) =M0 R 2
Y
l+1 l,m
(θ, ϕ) Y1,0 (θ′ , ϕ′ )Yθ⋆′ ,ϕ′ dΩ′
l=0 m=−l
2l + 1 r > 3
r
2
M0 R r< 4π M0 R 2 r <
= 2
Y 1,0 (θ, ϕ) = 2
cos θ
3 r> 3 3 r>
 M


0
r cos θ ,r < R
3
Φ′ (r, θ) =
 3
 M0 R 1 cos θ , r > R
3 r2

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任风帆 2020511015 The 5th homework for Electrodynamics

Now consider the shell, in the whole space there is no free current, so Φ has the form
X∞  
l 1
Φ= Al r + Bl l+1
l=0
r

Φ′ has the form of the P1 (cos θ) Legendre polynomial, so only the l = 1 terms in the
expansions will be non-zero. So we can assume that


 Φ(1) = Ar cos θ ,r < a

  

 1
Φ(2) = Br + C 2 cos θ , a < r < b

 r



 Φ(3) = D 1 cos θ ,r > b
r2
The boundary conditions are
  

 ∂Φ(1)  ∂Φ(2) 

 − =−


 ∂θ r=a ∂θ r=a

  

 ∂Φ(2)  ∂Φ(3) 

 − ∂θ 
 =−
∂θ r=b
r=b
 

 ∂Φ(2)  ∂Φ(3) 

 −µ = −µ0

 ∂r r=b ∂r r=b



    


 ∂Φ(1)  ∂Φ(2) 
 0µ − + M · n̂ = −µ
∂r  r=a ∂r  r=a
   

 1  1

 Aa sin θ = Ba + C sin θ 
 Aa = Ba + C 2

 a 2 
 a

   


 1 1 
 1 1

 

 Bb + C b2 sin θ = D b2 sin θ  Bb + C b2 = D b2
⇒   ⇒  
  1 1

 −µ −
1 1 
 µ 2C − B = 2µ0 D 3

 B 2C cos θ = 2µ 0 D cos θ 
 b 3 b

 b 3 b 3

  

   


 1 
 1

 µ0 (−A cos θ + M0 cos θ) = −µ B − 2C 3 cos θ  µ0 (M0 − A) = µ 2C 3 − B
a a

Solve them we can get



 2µ0 M0 a3 (µ − µ0 ) + µ0 M0 b3 (2µ0 + µ)

 A =

 (2µ0 + µ)(2µ + µ0 )b3 + 2(µ0 − µ)(µ − µ0 )a3



 2µ0 M0 a3 (µ − µ0 )


 B = (2µ + µ)(2µ + µ )b3 + 2(µ − µ)(µ − µ )a3
0 0 0 0

 µ M a 3 3
b (2µ + µ)

 C=
0 0 0

 (2µ + µ)(2µ + µ )b 3 + 2(µ − µ)(µ − µ )a3

 0 0 0 0



 3µ0 µM0 a b 3 3
 D=
(2µ0 + µ)(2µ + µ0 )b3 + 2(µ0 − µ)(µ − µ0 )a3


 −A cos θr̂ + A sin θθ̂ ,r < a

    

 1 1
H = −∇Φ = −B + 2C 3 cos θr̂ + B + C 3 sin θθ̂ , a < r < b

 r r



 2D 1 cos θr̂ + D 1 sin θθ̂ ,r > b
r3 r3

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任风帆 2020511015 The 5th homework for Electrodynamics

  

 µ (−A + M ) cos θr̂ − sin θ θ̂ ,r < a


0 0

    
1 1
B= µ −B + 2C 3 cos θr̂ + µ B + C 3 sin θθ̂ , a < r < b

 r r



 2µ D 1 cos θr̂ + Dµ 1 sin θθ̂
0 0 3 ,r > b
r3 r
Take A, B, C, D to the above equation then get the final answer
(b)
µ
What we know is κm = 20 ⇒ = 20 and b = 1.5a, taking into the A, B, C, D
µ0

 449M0

 A=

 9289



 152M

 B=
0
9289

 297M0 a3

 C =

 9289



 810M 0a
3
 D=
9289
  
 8840

 M0 µ0 cos θr̂ − sin θθ̂ ,r < a

 9289

    
40 1 20 1
B= − M0 µ0 76 − 297a3 3 cos θr̂ + M0 µ0 152 + 297a3 3 sin θθ̂ , a < r < b

 9289 r 9289 r




 1620 M0 µ0 a3 1 cos θr̂ + 810 M0 µ0 a3 1 sin θθ̂ ,r > b
9289 r3 9289 r3
π
In the xy plane, means that θ = , θ̂ = −ẑ
2

 9738

 9289 M0 µ0 ẑ ,r < a


  
 π   20 1
B θ= = M0 µ0 152 + 297a3 3 ẑ , a < r < b
2 
 9289 r



 810 1
 M0 µ0 a3 3 ẑ ,r > b
9289 r

 8840

 ,r < a

 9289 
  
 
B 20 1
= − 152 + 297a3 3 ,a < r < b
µ 0 M0 z   9289 r




 − 810 a3 1 ,r > b
9289 r3

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任风帆 2020511015 The 5th homework for Electrodynamics

(c)
Along the z axis means θ = 0m, r̂ = ẑ

 8840

 9289 M0 µ0 ẑ ,r < a



  
40 1
B (θ = 0) = − M0 µ0 76 − 297a3 3 ẑ , a < r < b

 9289 r




 1620 M0 µ0 a3 1 ẑ ,r > b
9289 r3

 8840

 ẑ ,r < a

 9289 
  
 
B 40 1
= − 76 − 297a3 3 ẑ , a < r < b
µ 0 M0 z   9289 r




 1620 a3 1 ẑ ,r > b
9289 r3

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任风帆 2020511015 The 5th homework for Electrodynamics

(d)