MACHINE DESIGN, MATERIALS AND SHOP PRACTICE 3.

2 Thermal Stress
Thermal stress is a type of stress caused by the
M3. BENDING AND THERMAL STRESS increase or decrease in the temperature of the
section.
3.1 Bending Stress
Bending stress is a type of stress caused by bending
moment. ∆𝐿 = 𝐿 ∙ 𝛼 ∙ ∆𝑡

Where
𝑀∙𝑐 ∆𝐿 = deformation (elongation or contraction)
𝑆𝑏 = 𝐿 = original length
𝐼
𝛼 = coefficient of thermal expansion
∆𝑡 = change in temperature
𝑆𝑏 = bending stress
𝑀 = moment of inertia Compressive Strain
𝑐 = distance of any fiber from the neutral axis If the ends of the body are fixed to rigid supports,
𝐼 = moment of inertia so that its expansion is prevented, then
compressive strain induced in the body,
Moment of Inertia of some common sections
∆𝐿
𝜀𝐶 =
1. Circular 𝐿

𝜀𝐶 = compressive strain
𝜋𝐷 4
D 𝐼= Thermal Stress
64
𝑆𝑡ℎ = 𝜀𝐶 ∙ 𝐸
2. Rectangular
𝑆𝑡ℎ = thermal stress
𝐸 = modulus of elasticity
h 𝑏ℎ3
𝐼=
12

3. Hollow Circular
𝜋(𝐷 4 − 𝑑 4 )
d D 𝐼=
64
1. A vertical load of 800 N acts at the end of a
horizontal rectangular cantilever beam 3 m
long and 30 mm wide. If the allowable
bending stress is 130 MPa, find the depth of
the beam.
A. 75.4 mm
B. 60.8 mm
C. 82.4 mm
D. 96.9 mm
ANS: B

2. Compute for the induced stress in a solid

steel shaft 5.8 mm in diameter and 5 m in
length that is subjected from 30°C to 100°C
temperature.
A. 76.5 MPa
B. 122.4 MPa
C. 96.8 MPa
D. 169.1 MPa
ANS: D