19.

Beams

Beam. A structural member which is

subjected to loads acting transversely to
its longitudinal axis.

Types of Beams:
1. Simple beam
2. Cantilever beam
3. Overhanging beam
4. Fixed beam
5. Continuous beam
Reaction/Shear:

𝑅=𝑉=𝑃

Maximum Moment (At Fixed End)

𝑀 = 𝑃𝐿

Maximum Deflection (At Free End)

𝑃𝐿3
1. Simple Beam. A beam supported at 𝛿=
3𝐸𝐼
both outer ends.

3. Fixed Beams

Reaction/Shear:
𝑃
𝑅=𝑉=
2
Reaction/Shear:
Maximum Moment (At Center and Ends)
𝑃
𝑅=𝑉= 𝑃𝐿
2 𝑀=
8
Maximum Moment (At point of Load)
Maximum Deflection (At center)
𝑃𝐿
𝑀= 𝑃𝐿3
4 𝛿=
192𝐸𝐼
Maximum Deflection (At point of Load)
Solving for Reactions:
3
𝑃𝐿 A. Summation of Forces vertical is zero.
𝛿=
48𝐸𝐼 Σ𝐹𝑉 = 0

2. Cantilever Beam. A beam which is B. Summation of moments at a point

anywhere in the beam is zero.
completely supported at one end by being
framed into a solid wall.
Σ𝑀𝐴 = 0 Σ𝑀𝐵 = 0
Shear and Moment:
1. SHEAR at any point on the beam is
equal to the summation of all the forces
on the left side of the point. Refer to the
load Diagram.

2. MOMENT at any point on the beam is

equal to the summation of all the
moments on the left side of the point on
the beam. Refer to the Shear Diagram.

Example:
1. A simple supported beam of length 8m
carries point loads of 4 kN and 6 kN at a
distance of 2m and 4m from the left end.
Calculate the maximum moment.
A. 20 kNm
B. 16 kNm
C. 12 kNm
D. 24 kNm
ANS: B

2. A cantilever beam of length 2m carries

a distributed load of 3 kN/m over a
length of 1m from the fixed end.
Calculate the maximum moment.
A. 1.5 kNm
B. 3 kNm
C. 6 kNm
D. 4.5 kNm
ANS: A

3. A fixed beam AB, 6m long is carrying a

point load of 50 kN at its center. The
amount of inertia of the beam is 78 x 106
mm4 and the value of E for the beam
material is 2.1 x 105 N/mm2.
Find the maximum deflection.
A. 2.18 mm
B. 4.57 mm
C. 6.75 mm
D. 3.43 mm
ANS: D