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UPDATED JOC Chapter 3
UPDATED JOC Chapter 3
This chapter, the responses that were collected and coded which provided by the
The analysis of finding was constructed based on the responses gathered from twenty
(20) participants who were qualified based on the criteria set forth. All participants shared their
The participants have positive responses when asked about how they perceived the
definition of OJT/ Work immersion as vital part of their curriculum. The following themes have
platform in which they could practice their skills and competencies. According to an article
posted in Valamis Website (2021), a practical method for learning new competences and skills
for a job in a real or nearly actual working setting is on-the-job training. In a real-world,
simulation, or instructional setting, it is frequently used to learn how to operate specific tools or
equipment.
– P13
Some of the participants also noted the importance of having on-the-job training because
they believe that it will prepare them to take the tasks on-site. As one of the participants noted:
“On the job training or OJT meant to introduce students to work settings
related to their field of study so they may learn about, be productive in,
According to Nguyen (2018), students can gain knowledge by working on actual projects
in the partner companies throughout the on-the-job training. The project-based learning approach
guarantees that the selection of courses and lessons has a clear emphasis, maximizes the practical
benefits, provides students with marketable abilities, and links the information and ideas from
earlier semesters.
increase their employment prospects, students can gain industry-based competences through on-
that we can utilize our knowledge and skill in the actual work
environment.” – P4
internship or immersion program broadens students' knowledge and abilities while assessing
their capacity to apply new knowledge in real-world situations as they deal with issues that have
real-world repercussions. When designed properly, the internship provides a reliable platform
from which emerging professionals can cross the rapid, erratic currents separating theoretical
Also, Murphy (2006) added that students in immersion or on-the-job trainings and
programs learn about the organizational culture and customs of the institutions where they are
Hence, to avoid jeopardizing students' anticipated experience and learning while working
in the field, immersion was nevertheless given importance by educational institutions despite the
Immersion as a hands-on experience. The last theme that was formed is that students
Laguador (2014), students in immersion programs must exhibit certain abilities relating to their
area of concentration that are necessary for their future workplace. Additionally, it offers
concepts and a realistic portrayal of the business world, including workplace culture, employee
attitudes, and organizational values that new hires may need to adapt to.
The participants view the importance of immersion programs as platform where they
Based on the remarks of the participants, they are eager and really expecting to learn a lot
of practical things during their immersion program. As explained by Alipour (2019), the OJT
session aims to provide students with task-specific and workplace skills. OJT imparts knowledge
and abilities that are specifically pertinent to job demands. Methods used in OJT include
coaching, work rotation, and apprenticeship training. Thus, students will not only learn the
theoretical knowledge of their programs but through OJT and immersion programs, they could
However, one of the participants noted that their immersion programs were purely online
“Boring because it is not face to face OJT like the usual, because
This explains why most of the students are anxious of their future careers because of the
trauma they experience being locked down and they were not allowed to go to school. This is
very evident in the study conducted by Cao et al (2020) when they stated that the pandemic's
ramifications and other potential occurrences in 2020 could have a significant impact on college
students' ability to make the transition to adulthood. The social distance regulations and concern
for contagion have interrupted or altered the typical youth-related experiences of going to school
in physical classrooms, socializing with friends, participating in fun social activities, and
preparing for future careers. The "new normal" typified by online courses and extracurricular
school activities, limited movement and socializing, disruptions of important social functions and
leisure events, and an ambiguous outlook on the future may have an impact on their psycho-
emotional development.
Indeed, P15 expressed concern about his potential job paths in the future. Some people
believe that taking online courses is insufficient to develop their competence. They understand
how crucial practical learning experiences and instruction are if they are to acquire the skills and
Cleofas (2021) explained that some students express regret that the quarantine's
restrictions and the pandemic's impact on numerous businesses, including travel, sports, the arts,
and health care, have put a stop to their career aspirations. Students continue to worry about
catching COVID-19 and long for stronger COVID-19 mitigation measures in their own country
as they watch other countries reduce lockdown measures and resume normalcy.
This is seconded by Power et al (2020) when they explained that for some college
students, the transition from education to employment is a tricky one. Economic downturns and a
lack of social connections, both brought on by COVID-19, have been related to worse mental
health outcomes in young people and may have an impact on their adult coping mechanisms.
SOP 2. The Experiences of Students during their FSM Online Industry Immersion
The participants were also vocal about the experiences during their online industry
immersion. Consequently, their responses resulted to both positive and negative experiences
students is on the poor internet connection issues. According to Chilton & McCracken (2017),
the educational system has undergone a significant upheaval due to the quick development of
technology. Technology use, including the Internet, mobile devices, augmented reality, and
virtual reality, has influenced pedagogy and caused a paradigm change in education. Studies
have been done recently to find out how mobile learning, which uses mobile devices, improves
the learning experience for students. The implications for the adoption of online learning are
is the major problem for me. Sometimes you may experience when
time.” – P9
Certainly, P5 and P9 expressed that internet connection plays a major role in their online
OJT knowing how signal receptions are very poor in some areas in the country.
Since most of the learning institutions are in online or hybrid mode of learning during the
pandemic, internet connectivity issues have become the challenge of many students. McPherson
& Bacow (2015) stated that numerous colleges offer online courses, however there are two
issues. First, very little is known about the benefits and effectiveness of online education from a
broad perspective. Second, the range of learning objectives that direct our instructional and
educational priorities is likely to mean that the ability to successfully teach digitally varies.
Online education can be effective in digitally evolved nations (Basilaia & Kvavadze,
Lack of proper equipment. Participants expressed that lack of proper equipment has
been one of their major challenges during their online immersion as manifested on the following
citations:
to the fact that they don't have a laptop and that caused stress to
some students who don't have one. The reason for this problem is
that the program expected that all students are capable and they
didn't provide alternative activities for those students who are not
Certainly, P2 noted that some of the students do not have their proper equipment thus
made them skip on to the next activity without having provided an alternative. Neo & Neo
(2009) claim that changes made to the educational system had an impact on every aspect of a
student's learning environment, including internship programs outside of the classroom and
theoretical classes taken inside. According to a recent study by the Center for Research on
college students participated in an internship, half of which were physical jobs, and quality
which became a mandatory gadget in this era of online learning, as manifested on his statement:
“Para sa akin the major problem that I've encounter is lack of device
ginagawa kaya nag struggle ako sa part na iyon. One phone lang din
gamit ko and hindi rin kalakihan ang storage space kaya nahihirapan
Indeed, P7 has pointed out that students who have no gadgets such as laptops really feel
the struggle of missing out some of the activities during their online immersion. Huffman (2019)
explained that improved immersion or OJT efficacy is required in many specializations due to
the increased demands current technology places on maintenance staff as well as the increased
variety of equipment and job stations. Effective OJT is crucial to mission support. The structure
of the workplace and the incentives that encourage only flimsy adherence to the OJT services
policies are deficiencies in the present OJT programs. The ideal approaches to OJT are detailed,
together with their content, resources, and management. It is recommended in particular that OJT
be institutionalized and conducted by distinct units within operating commands. Successful OJT
programs that have adopted this strategy are cited as proof of its applicability and practicability.
This means that students' lack of equipment could significantly impact how they are
believe they gain mismatched or inadequate workplace skills due to the online format.
“It’s a challenge for me to make my students learn a particular
In contrary, OJT offers significantly faster training through practical work-based learning
opportunities. Neo and Neo (2009) claim that traditional training is time-consuming and might
lead to learners forgetting what they have learned. This suggests that future learners might need
to be rectified or retrained. Learners might forget what they learned during their OJT, thus
“In the online immersion it is difficult to work out your skill and
develop it. Because in the skilled courses you need the face to face
Both P11 and P16 have agreed that physical interactions are very important during OJt
because there are certain skills that should be developed. As mentioned by Martin et al (2022),
some universities organized an internship program that was carried out using a "Online
Platform," particularly Google Classroom, Zoom, and Google Meet. Education has been
continued flexibly through modules and the internet as a result of the global pandemic known as
Covid-19 and the Philippine government's orders for health restrictions and lockdowns.
Minimal expenses incurred. The following themes are viewed as more beneficial
aspects of the online immersion and OJT programs for students, in contrast to the issues outlined
above. Some of the participants stated that online education is advantageous for them because
their seeming daily expenses are drastically reduced because they complete their OJT online.
immersion was I got a scholarship and I didn't pay a single cent for
Indeed, P3 and P15 reported that their online OJT and immersion programs cost them
very little because they are remaining at home. Armstrong-Mensah et al (2020) reported that
many students found the move to distant education abrupt and unsettling, yet they reported
excellent outcomes. More than a third of students reported not having to commute to school and,
Some research indicated that students were remained motivated to learn and finish their
evaluations and assignments on time, despite the unprecedented circumstances that led to the
Further, one of the participants cited that online OJT is also advantageous on the part of
those working students who really need to provide for themselves or other personal and family
needs, as he mentioned:
“If you are working student you can take the work immersion while
In fact, P18 considered those on the students who only wanted to finish their studies
while working to earn money. Due to the current global economic crisis, there is a high demand
for part-time work. And now we are in the midst of the COVID 19 pandemic, which has had a
significant influence on the livelihood of a great number of individuals. Not all families have
sufficient income to send and support their children in school. As a result, some students must
become working students to support themselves. Some may use employment to explore career
choices, acquire work-based learning experiences, and earn additional or spending money.
Maximized use of technology. Another theme that emerged is the maximized use of
technology. In response to the oncoming spread of COVID-19, colleges around the world
technology in the learning processes of students from many disciplines became indispensable
and the only means of teaching, communicating, and collaborating for several months.
Participants are vocal on their experiences about how they managed to learn how to use
adopt the new normal and also, learn more about advance
yun sa amin and ma-aapply namin ito kung gagawa kami ng sarili
nung OJT namin maaapply kopa sya in the near future. And kahit
– P7
Based on the responses of P6, P7, and P15, some of them open up about how they
communications, research data analysis, and education. In the spring of 2020, COVID-19
emerged as a global infectious disease, but the essential steps to manage the virus went beyond
therapy and were also aimed at preventing its spread. Consequently, all interpersonal ties were
marked by social distance for several months, and the pandemic raised not only medical but also
social, economic, and technological challenges, among others. Higher education was one sector
that the pandemic profoundly affected. During the global lockdown, colleges and universities
were forced to instantly shift their operations from the classroom and campus to a virtual
environment, which was the only option to a total inability to function (Crawford et al., 2020;
Kamarianos et al., 2020; Karalis and Raikou, 2020; Owusu-Fordjour et al., 2020; Shah et al.,
2020).
University students constitute a generation of digital natives for whom this seamless
transition between the real and virtual worlds should offer no operational difficulties. However,
research indicates that students exhibit disciplinary variations, such as subject matter or aspects
of digital literacy and competency, that should be considered when designing digital learning
Flexible and manageable time. Another theme that emerged is the experience of
students having flexible and manageable time during their online immersion or OJT. Flexibility
enables students to gain a deeper understanding of themselves and tailor their schedules
accordingly. This means that students will begin learning when their concentration is strong and
their ability to recall knowledge is strong. Thus, this idea allows students to concentrate on
This scenario is clearly obvious among themselves based on the following citations:
presentation.” – P9
With such statements from P2 and P9, it could be asserted that the flexibility of online
education is frequently the most alluring aspect, leading many students to choose this path over a
more traditional one. In addition to the ease and freedom it provides, flexibility has a positive
Flexible learning gives students complete control and responsibility over their education.
Instead of being required to attend class, individuals are permitted to pick and allot time for their
education. This control not only permits them to schedule their education around their
obligations, but also guarantees that they are learning at the optimal moment. For instance, some
students may be more productive in the evening, but traditional education may prevent them
from taking lessons then. Flexible learning enables the student to determine when and how they
will learn by adapting the curriculum to their individual strengths. This ultimately results in their
They also have the benefit of learning at their own pace, which can significantly reduce
stress levels. Students are frequently expected to perform a job after a rapid review of principles
by their instructors. This might put individuals under pressure to complete the assignment
quickly, while preventing pupils from asking questions. If a student does not comprehend a
concept or idea that has been explained by the teacher, they will not be able to finish the
assignment to the best of their ability, hence hurting their own learning. The adaptability of
online education permits students to understand things at their own pace and ensure full
Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, governments around the world have suspended all
educational institutions in an effort to restrict the disease's spread, which has a direct impact on
students, educators, and educational institutions. The abrupt transition from physical to virtual
their strategies and coping mechanism as elaborated on the following themes emerged:
Stay focus and concentrated. The first theme that was identified is to stay focus and
concentrated. Since students are responsible for interacting with the course rather than just
showing up to class on a scheduled day and time, online courses help students learn better time
management skills. As a result, students improve their time management abilities in addition to
Participants mentioned that they need to stay focus and concentrated based on the
following statements:
Studying under a global crisis, such as the one people are currently facing, necessitates
may be painful to adjust to new circumstances and that those conditions may not be perfect or
favorable to your preferred learning method, it is precisely this type of adaptation that eventually
Online learning has been an option in the modern world for years, although it is not
always held in the same regard as classroom study. Moreover, during such periods of
unpredictability and volatility, focus may feel like a drained resource. That is the main reason
why some learners find it really difficult to stay focus and concentrated while attending online
courses.
Invest on gadgets. All educational institutions were shut down to foster the need for
social distance, hence exacerbating the educational impact. Even after the unlock phases, schools
and educational institutions remained closed to guarantee the safety of students, staff, and their
families.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) issued
many recommendations in response to the school closures. It called for the adoption of distance-
learning programs, open educational tools and platforms that schools and teachers can utilize to
B wherein I’m not just relying on the wifi (internet Connection) but
I also load my sim so that if the connection lost I can use my data
so that there is no waste of time while waiting for the internet. And
Indeed, students really find the importance of using various technological gadgets while
having their online immersion or OJT programs. Teachers encounter challenges in adjusting to
digital instruction, as the concept is novel to them and requires greater commitment and
vigilance.
Students between the ages of four and twelve rarely own or know how to use mobile
phones. Teachers communicate with students via their parents' cell phones, occupying their time.
The majority of parents who work from home struggle to balance their career and their children's
schooling.
reported concerns with online instruction. Despite the fact that 90% of respondents owned a
mobile phone, 63% could only access online classes occasionally or not at all.
Intriguingly, among the concerns voiced concerning online training, 40% highlighted
inconsistent connectivity as a key obstacle, while 30% cited the cost of data as a big disincentive.
On the other hand, while mobile phones are almost universally available, laptops and
According to UNESCO, half of all students, or 826 million, did not have access to a
home computer, and 43% (706 million) did not have access to the internet at home.
Students that have access to network resources and attended all of their online classes
were given "virtual education." The majority of school and university students enrolled in online
In addition, this practice of incorporating electronic devices into the classroom has
expanded student's screen time to the point that learning has become secondary. Social isolation
and virtual classes isolated children and adolescents from their social connections and the
outdoors.
Manage time wisely. Time management is a skill that every student can and should
acquire; it is not reserved for those with a natural aptitude for planning and organization. Hence,
another theme that emerged from the responses of the participants is to manage their time wisely.
“Time is very important because we stay at home and there are a lot of
things that could distract you from attending to online sessions and
webinars.” – P7
Definitely, P1 and P7 mentioned that they really need to manage their time wisely in
order to accomplish their jobs at home. According to a study conducted by Adnan and Anwar
(2020), motivation for online learning is one of the less-discussed aspects of distance education.
Due of their face-to-face interaction with the instructor and their classmates, students in
conventional classes typically participate actively in academic activities. 71.4 percent of students
indicated that traditional classroom learning was more engaging than distance learning.
According to the majority of students, they can properly manage their study time online and
complete projects on time, but they cannot complete entire courses online.
For an online program to be efficient and productive, students must not only be able to
keep up with the fast-paced online classes, but also possess strong computer and technology
abilities to learn from online lectures. As indicated by 42.9% of respondents, it is possible for
these students to effectively manage their study time, and they do not experience any difficulty in
doing so. However, when it comes to completing group assignments without face-to-face
situation has emerged as one of the themes indicating that students are aware of their situation
during a global health crisis. Several studies have found out that students are said to have had a
higher percentage of anxiety and despair while taking an online course. Additionally, it was
noted that students' lack of knowledge and crisis management skills resulted in serious social
Being the such conditions, the following statements were lifted based on their responses:
from it.” – P3
happens maybe the results worsen. Then, after I calm myself I think of a
good solution or plan and it always have a plan A and plan B so that if the
“To become positive. Kase pag positive lagi ang mind mo magagawa mo
True enough, students are experiencing anxiety because of their isolation imposed by the
public lockdown and restrictions. Based on the responses of P3, P14, and P16, they all need to
understand their situation to be able to cope form the traumatic experience they could get while
students are urged to take part in the events put on by clubs and organizations in order to assist
them decrease stress and develop a feeling of spirit. It is said that taking part in a range of
university activities will support students in their pursuit of a happy well-being. In order to
provide students with the opportunity to achieve psychological well-being, institutions should
However, since the pandemic, people are considerably more conscious of how important
The impact of hope and optimism on college students' academic achievement and
subjective well-being was studied by Rand et al. in 2020. The study's findings show that hopeful
strong optimism will lead to a reduction in negative consequences, high hope will lead to an
increase in positive effects and life satisfaction. Additionally, a person's level of life satisfaction
increases in direct proportion to how optimistic they are. Additionally, the same results were
discovered for hope, with researchers discovering that it was positively associated to life