V-Q Sensitivity Analysis

Consider the linearized power flow equation expressed as

 P  J P J PV    
 Q   J J QV 
 V 
   Q  
Where
Δ P = incremental change in bus real power.
Δ Q = incremental change in bus reactive power injection.
Δθ= incremental change in bus voltage angle.
Δ V = incremental change in bus voltage magnitude.
are the power flow Jacobian elements.

J P , J PV , J Q , J QV
The elements the jacobian matrix give the sensitivity between power injections
and bus voltage and angle changes.

Based on the above considerations Let P  0.

Then
Q=J R V

J R =  J QV  J Q J P1 J PV 
Where

JR is the reduced jacobian matrix of the system.

V=J -1
R Q
V-Q sensitivity analysis calculates the relation between voltage change and
reactive power change.
Positive sensitivities:
Stable operation: the smaller the sensitivity, the more stable the system. As stability decreases, the
magnitude of the sensitivity increases, becoming infinite at the stability limit (maximum load ability).

Negative sensitivities:

Unstable operation; the system is not controllable, because all reactive power control devices are
designed to operate satisfactorily when an increase in Q is accomplished by an increase in V.

EXAMPLE

Figure below shows the system representation applicable to a 322 km, 500kv transmission line
supplying a radial load from a strong system. The line parameters are expressed in per unit on 100 MVA
and 500 kv base. Write the equations of the power flow from sending to the receiving end in the
following form
For the two-bus system, we have