Aim

Upon the completion of these lab, one should be able to know how to implement
Boolean functions, learn how to read Integrated Circuit specifications, learn how
to connect chips and other logic components, learn how to use the breadboard
and to familiarize with laboratory equipment.

Introduction
Logic gates are used to perform a function in a circuit. Common logic gates used
binary, 1 and 0, to input two values as a single binary value. There are several
types of logic gate which include:
 AND - true if a and b are both true
 OR - true if either a or b are true
 NOT - inverts value: true if input is false; false if input is true
 NAND - and followed by not: false only if a and b are both true
 NOR - or followed by not: true only if a and b are both false [1]
This gates are represented as shown below:
 Figure 1; logic gate symbols and truth table [2]

For the purpose of this lab the NAND logic gate will be used.
For NAND gate, it consist for two gates, ‘NOT’ gate and ‘AND’ gate.

Figure 2: NAND gate [3]

A NAND gate can consist of various inputs, but for the purpose of this lab a 2
input logic gate is given by:
 Figure 3: NAND gate truth table

This gate can be used using various types of chips.

Figure 4: NAND chip

The internal structure of a NAND gate is given as shown above. [4]

Material
 One Breadboard.
 One Chip (74LS00).
 Three Resistors (~100 OHMS).
 LED.
 DIP Switch.
 Multicolor Wires.
 +5 Volts Power Supply.

Method
The circuit was connected as shown below:

Figure 5: lab circuit diagram

The diagram of the logic gate was drawn along with its theoretical truth table. The
hardware result was collected by testing by switching the two inputs in all four
combinations (00, 01, 10, and 11) and verified with the theoretical value. All
necessary calculation and results was collected and recorded under results.

Results
1. Implement the function using only NAND gates:
E = ((A·B)' · A)’
2. How many logic gates are needed?
2 NAND Gates.

3. Diagram of corresponding logic circuit

Table 1: Theoratical Truth Table

A B A.B (A.B)’ (A.B)’A ((A.B)’A)’
O 0 O 1 0 1
O 1 O 1 0 1
1 0 O 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 1

4. Breadboard Representation
5.
 Figure 6: experimental setup

6. Truth table for Hardware:

A B LED
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 1 1

7. Boolean Algebra Expression

E=A ' B' + A ' B+ AB
' '
E=A (B+ B )+ AB
 '
E=A (1)+ AB

E=A ' + AB

8. Verify the Truth Table, using the obtained simplified expression.

Test for (A, B)
For input (0, 0)
'
E=A + AB
'
E=0 +0 0
E=1+ 0
E=1

For input (0, 1)

'
E=A + AB
'
E=0 +0 1
E=1+ 0
E=1

For input (1, 0)

E=A ' + AB
'
E=1 +1 0
E=0+0
E=0

For input (1, 1)

'
E=A + AB
'
E=1 +1 1
E=1+ 1
E=1

Discussion
The concept of the NAND gate was utilized to construct the circuit and was tested
and observed for its results. The NAND gate comprises of two fundamental gates
that is the NOT and AND logic gates. The logic circuit drawn shows that the input
of terminal A and B in binary combination would undergo the Boolean operation
AND then the output would be undergoing the inverter or Boolean operation
NOT. Finally it produced the final circuit signal which will determine whether the
LED would light up or not.

The Hardware was setup to test the concept of the NAND logic gate. The 74LS00
chip had 4 two input gates. The connecting wire was connected to pin at 1 and 4
would be designated A input. The connecting wire at pin 2,3 and 5 would be
designated B input. The 5V DC supply was connected to pin 14 with the ground
terminal at 7. Once the circuit was connected to the breadboard correctly, the
combination for terminal A and B was tested. In the order (A, B) - (00 01 10 11).
The results were observed. IT could be seen that all combination except one
combination lit the LED.

Boolean algebraic rules were used in order to simplify the expression and to get
required output from the logic gates used. Identity such as A . A ' =0 . Distributive
law was used in order to simplify the expression. Without the knowledge of
Boolean algebraic rules and concept the expression cannot be simplified. The
theoretical table experimental truth table and simplified expression for each
inputs gave the same output. Where the led would light up for all except A=1 and
B=0 input.

Conclusion
In aim of this lab was achieved, the values obtained for all three theoretical,
practical and algebraic were verified and were similar. Therefore it can be said
that the NAND logic gate chip is verifiable and an effective way to get a desired
values for each input. For a simple Boolean expression

Bibliography

[1] P. Christensson, TechTerms. Sharpened Productions, 2006. [Online]. Available:

https://techterms.com. [Accessed 1 april 2021].

[2] J. Alberto, "Computer Basics," pinterest.com, 2021.

[3] "electronics-tutorials," 2021. [Online]. Available:

https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/logic/logic_5.html. [Accessed 1 april 2021].

[4] B. Tool, 2021. [Online]. Available:

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/experiments/chpt-7/basic-gate-function/. [Accessed 1
april 2021].

Appendix