BANGALORE UNIVERSITY

University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering

K.R Circle-Bangalore

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

UVCE, Bangaluru.

Seminar Topic
On
“Hydrodynamic lubrications”

Faculty In Charge
Presented by
TRIBOLOGY AND BEARING DESIGN Dr.Shivarudraiah
Govindaraj R Hulakund
Professor
20GAMH1005 Dept of Mechanical Engineering
M.Tech, Machine Design Date : 09th June 2021 UVCE-Bangalore
Dept of Mechanical Engg.
UVCE-Bangalore
CONTENT

 Mechanism of pressure development

 Converging and diverging fluid film

 Formation of a continuous oil film

MECHANISM OF PRESSURE DEVELOPMEMT
CASE-1: Two parallel plane surfaces one plane moving in velocity direction.
 The upper plate A'B' is moving with velocity ‘U’ in direction shown by the arrow. The plate AB is
stationary.
 The velocity varies firmly from zero at surface AB to U at surface A'B’.
 The rate of shear is constant through out the oil film.
 The volume of fluid entering s AA' and leaving section BB' per unit time is equal and no pressure built up
in the oil film and pressure at all points in the film is equal to zero.
 If any load is applied on the surface A'B', the lubricant will be squeezed and the bearing will operate under
extreme boundary conditions.
 Since no pressure is built up in the oil film, the bearing with parallel surfaces is not able to support the
load.

Fig.1
CASE-2: : Two parallel plane surfaces one plane moving in perpendicular to direction of velocity
 AB is stationary and A'B' is in motion in a direction perpendicular to AB.
 Relative motion in horizontal direction and flow perpendicular to plane of paper can be neglected.
 When surface A'B' moves the oil is squeezes out and it flows both to right and left of section C-C.
 The rate of flow is zero at the mid section CC' and increase gradually and becomes maximum at section
AA' and BB'.
 In each cross section the velocity of oil will be maximum in the middle layer and zero at the surfaces.
 This type of flow is possible if there is a pressure gradient along the surface with maximum pressure at
mid section CC' and falling gradually to zero at section AA' and section BB' as shown in figure.
 The flow of lubricant caused by difference in pressure in different cross sections is called pressure induced
flow.

Fig 2
CASE-3:Two stationary plane surfaces

 It is pressure induced flow.

 In this type the liquid flows between two parallel stationary plane surfaces from left to right with
pressure P1 at section AA' being greater than P2 at section BB’.

 Pressure in the oil film is always present if velocity distribution is a curve.

Fig 3. velocity distribution

CASE-4:Two non parallel plates one is stationary while the other
is moving with a constant velocity in the direction

 Assuming width to be large compared to clearance, flow

perpendicular to plane of paper can be neglected.

 The volume of lubricant dragged into the space between the

Fig.4a
surfaces at AA¹ is greater than the volume of lubricant which
is discharged from the space at the section BB’.(fig4b)

 Assuming fluid to be incompressible, the volume of oil

carried into the space must be equal to volume discharged
from this space.Therefore the excess volume of oil AEC'
Fig.4b
carried into the space is squeezed out at section AA' and BB’
producing a pressure induced flow. Because of the pressure
developed in the oil film, the plane AB' is able support a
vertical load.(Fig.4c)

Fig.4c
CONVERGING AND DIVERGING FLUID FILM
Converging fluid film:

 A positive pressure is developed in the oil film if the direction of motion of the surface A'B' is such
that a converging fluid film is produced.

 The volume of lubricant dragged into the space between the surfaces is greater than the volume that is
discharged from this space.

 Under these conditions the fluid film is capable of supporting a load.

Diverging fluid film:

 If the motion of the upper surface is reversed with the inclination of the lower surface unchanged, the
volume of lubricant entering into the space is less than volume discharged from this space.

 Pressure developed in the film will be negative and bearing will not be able to support any load.
FORMATION OF A CONTINUOUS OIL FILM

 The Fig shows a full journal bearing. The space between the
journal and the bearing is filled with a liquid lubricant.
 Fig (a) shows the journal at rest loaded by a vertical load W. In this
case, there is metal to metal contact between journal sur face and
bearing surface at point m.

 The journal rotates slowly in the direction shown in Fig(b) and the
journal rolls up on the bearing surface due to friction. The point of
contact is now shifted to 'm'. In this position the speed is low and
pressure built up in the film can be neglected. Extreme boundary
conditions exist this position. The continuous oil film consist of
two parts, a converging part above line "ml" and a diverging part
below the line “ml”.
 As the speed picks up a positive pressure is developed in the
converging part which moves the journal to the right. Fig(c)
shows the point of contact between the journal and bearing
at ‘p’.

 When the speed of the journal reaches a certain level,

sufficient pressure is built up in the convergent part of the
fluid film and the oil lifts the journal separating the journal
surface from the bearing surface thus a minimum thickness
of oil film is maintained between journal and bearing beyond
this speed as in Fig(d)
THANK YOU