Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Schools Division of Passi City
Passi National High School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM
Passi City, Iloilo
Tel. No: 311-5997

Self-Learning Module
For Senior High School
Learners

Grade Level: Grade 12

Applied Subject: Inquiries, Investigations & Immersion
Semester: Second
Quarter 3, Week 2-3

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

Formulates the statement of research problem; and

Presents written statement of the problem.

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 IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM AND ASKING THE QUESTION

In the previous modules in Practical Research 2, you were able to

understand the process of conducting a research study. Likewise, you were also
familiarized with the parts of a research paper. A formal research paper follows a
systematic format that discusses the essential content of your topic under
investigation. In this subject, Inquiries, Investigations & Immersion, you will be
able to continue and polish the research studies you have started.
This module will serve as a guide as well as a review of the things you
have learned in the previous subject. You will be able to review and refine the
studies made.

Learning Objectives:
After going through the activities in this module, you are expected to:

a. recall the parts of the chapter one of a research paper;

b. review/formulate the statement of the problem of the chosen study;
c. construct/refine the parts of the Chapter 1 of a research paper.

Try This
Pre-Test. Direction: Recall the parts of the chapter one of a research study.
Identify them based on the description given. Choose your answer from the box.

research questions definition of terms scope of the study

conceptual framework significance of the study
statement of the problem research title paradigm
theoretical framework background of the study

1. This section talks about the beneficiaries and the benefits it will give when
the problem is solved.
2. This is the fundamental core of a research project, study or review of
literature.

Inquiries, Investigations & Immersion: Identifying the Problem and Asking the Question 2|Page
 3. It refers to the parameters that prevent researchers from pursuing further
studies due to time and budgetary constraints.
4. In research studies, words used which has a bearing on a particular
study; especially terms found in the variables used and are defined in two
ways.
5. It specifies the variables in the study and the expected flow of the
relationship among them.
6. It prefaces the study by providing a summary of the main idea and its
usually short and concise.
7. It presents the rationale of the research study or the reason why the
researchers decided to choose this problem.
8. The schematic diagram or representation of the research study.
9. It contains the general problem followed by the specific questions of the
study.
10. It introduces and describes the theory that explains why the research
problem under study exists.

Keep this in Mind

The Chapter 1 or the Introduction is the first chapter of a research
paper. The Introduction contains the following parts namely:
A. Background of the Study
B. Statement of the Problem and Hypothesis
1. Specific research questions
C. Research Objectives
D. Theoretical Framework
E. Conceptual Framework
1. Paradigm
F. Significance of the Study
G. Definition of Terms
H. Scope and Delimitation of the Study

In the previous modules, you were able to start constructing and

formulating your research study as well as its parts. Below is an example of the
chapter 1 of a research paper.

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Example:
Chapter 1
Introduction

Chapter One has five parts: (1) Background of the Study and Conceptual
Framework, (2) Statement of the Problem and Hypothesis, (3) Definition of
Terms, (4) Scope and Delimitation of the Study, and (5) Significance of the
Study.
Part One, Background of the Study and Conceptual Framework, presents
the introduction and rationale for the choice of the problems as well as the
conceptual framework upon which the study is anchored.
Part Two, Statement of the Problem and Hypothesis, states the
hypothesis and purpose of the study as well as the specific questions, which the
study sought to answer.
Part Three, Definition of Terms, gives the conceptual and operational
meaning of the important terms used in this study.
Part Four, Significance of the Study, specifies the benefits that may be
derived from the result of the study.
Part Five, Delimitation of the Study, sets the precise limits for the conduct
of the study.

Background of the Study

One of the major problems that teachers are facing at present is the
absenteeism of senior high school students. In a typical class of 45 students,
there is a probability that 10% of the class would be absent for at least two days
in a week.
The Department of Education only allows 20% of absences for its
learners. Out of the 204 prescribed school days, a maximum of 20 absences is
considered provided that valid reasons are presented for such absences.
Absences from classes among students nowadays is a global issue.
Various researchers on absenteeism only focused on the absenteeism but
ignored the relationship between students’ class attendance and academic
performance.
Education is not only the transfer of information, knowledge and skills
from the teachers to students but the actual transformation of a person to
become educated. A research on absenteeism is very vital to determine the real
impact of such absences.

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 The word absenteeism means the absence of the student from class
when he/she is expected to be present in school. Absenteeism is said to strongly
affect the academic performance of the students. However, as what is commonly
happening nowadays, many students are still absent in their classes. There are
many at-risk students who do not show interest and substantial improvement to
their learning. In this connection, it affects their academic performance because
of absenteeism.

Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of the study is presented in Figure 1. The
framework presents the interplay of the variables in the study. The independent
variable is absenteeism of the respondents while the dependent variable is the
academic performance of the Grade 12 HUMSS learners who were enrolled for
the S.Y. 2018 – 2019. The researchers believed absenteeism can affect the
academic performance of the students.
Family Relationship Status is categorized Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor and
Very Poor. Academic Performance, on the other hand, is classified as
Outstanding, Very Satisfactory, Satisfactory, Fairly Satisfactory, and Did Not Meet
Expectations.

Paradigm
Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Academic
Absenteeism Performance

Figure 1: Schematic diagram showing the relationship between the independent

and dependent variables

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine relationship between absenteeism and academic
performance of Grade 12 HUMSS Learners.
Specifically, this will seek to answer the following questions:
1. What is the extent of absenteeism of Grade 12 HUMSS Learners?

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 2. Is there a significant difference between the extent of
absenteeism on the academic performance of Grade 12 HUMSS
Learners?
3. Is there a significant relationship between academic performance
and absenteeism among Grade 12 HUMSS Learners?
Hypothesis
There is no relationship between academic performance and
absenteeism.

Definition of Terms
For the purpose of clarity and deeper understanding, the following terms
are defined conceptually and operationally:
Academic Performance. It refers to the outcome of education: the
extent to which a learner, teacher or institution has their education goals (Annie,
Howard, & Mildred, 1996).
In this study, academic performance was measured using the respondents’
Grade Point Average (GPA) for the first semester of SY 2018 – 2019. This is
further classified as Outstanding (90-100), Very Satisfactory (85-89), Satisfactory
(80-84).
Absenteeism. Chronic absence (as from work or school) also the rate of
such absence. (https.//www.meriam-webster.com)

Significance of the Study

The result of this study may be beneficial to the following:
The School Principal. The result of the study will be a great help in
determining how often students are absent during their class.
The Parents. The result of this study may help them to realize how
important their role is in the development of their child. Hence, they would be
more attentive and aware of their child’s behavior in class their class
The Teachers. The result of this study may inform them of the effects
of social media use on academic performance. The findings may give them an
idea in devising plans and activities that may encourage more parents to guide
their children.
The Students. The result of this study will be of great help to the
students in knowing what is the effect of absenteeism on academic performance.

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 The Future Researchers. The result of this study may have a great
contribution for future researchers. This will provide them with a basis in
conducting studies of a similar nature.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study was conducted to determine the effect of absenteeism on the
academic performance of the respondents.
Systematic random sampling will be used to identify the respondents of the
study. Slovin’s formula was used to determine the sample size which should have
been 150 because the total population size is 300. However, due to financial
constraint and limited resources, only 50 respondents will be taken.
A researcher-made and validated questionnaire will be utilized to determine the
extent of the respondents while their first semester General Average will be the
basis of their level of academic performance.

Apply what you have learned

Task 2. Do the One (This serves as your performance task.)

Directions: Using the format of the example given, write the chapter one of your
study. You may follow the given format.
Note: You may use your previous chapter one. You may revise or improve it.

Research Title: _____________________________________________

Chapter 1
Introduction

Chapter One has five parts: (1) Background of the Study and Conceptual
Framework, (2) Statement of the Problem and Hypothesis, (3) Definition of
Terms, (4) Scope and Delimitation of the Study, and (5) Significance of the
Study.
Part One, Background of the Study and Conceptual Framework, presents.
Part Two, Statement of the Problem and Hypothesis, states the
hypothesis and purpose of the study as well as the specific questions, which the
study sought to answer.

Inquiries, Investigations & Immersion: Identifying the Problem and Asking the Question 7|Page
 Part Three, Definition of Terms, gives the conceptual and operational
meaning of the important terms used in this study.
Part Four, Significance of the Study, specifies the benefits that may be
derived from the result of the study.
Part Five, Delimitation of the Study, sets the precise limits for the conduct
of the study.
Background of the Study
*Presents the reason/s behind the study. State also the purpose of the
study. Include supporting literature from previous research studies that can
support your own study.
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of the study is presented in Figure 1. The
framework presents the interplay of the variables in the study. The independent
variable is ___________________________while the dependent variable is the
___________________. The researchers believed
____________________________________________________.

Paradigm
Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Figure 1: Schematic diagram showing the _________________________.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to __________________________________________.
Specifically, this will seek to answer the following questions:
1. _____________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________
Hypothesis (Some studies do not necessarily need a hypothesis)
There is no significant relationship between _______________ and the
________________. or There is no significant difference between the
___________________and the ______________.
Inquiries, Investigations & Immersion: Identifying the Problem and Asking the Question 8|Page
Definition of Terms
(Note: This is arranged in alphabetical order.)
For the purpose of clarity and deeper understanding, the following terms
are defined conceptually and operationally:
Academic Performance. It refers to the outcome of education: the
extent to which a learner, teacher or institution has their education goals (Annie,
Howard, & Mildred, 1996). *Include the source you used.
In this study, __________________________________________.
Absenteeism. Chronic absence (as from work or school) also the rate of
such absence. (https.//www.meriam-webster.com)
In this study, ___________________________________.

Significance of the Study

The result of this study may be beneficial to the following:
The School Principal. The result of the study will be a great help in
determining how often students absent during their class.
The Students. The result of this study will be of great help to the
students in knowing what is the effect of absenteeism on the academic
performance.
The Future Researchers. The result of this study may have a great
contribution for future researchers. This will provide them with a basis in
conducting studies of a similar nature.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study was conducted to __(Statement of the problem).
(Sampling technique/ method used) will be used to identify the respondents of
the study. Slovin’s formula was used ______________________________.
The research design of the study is __________________________.

Rubric for checking:

Rubric for Research Paper

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 Focus &  Content of research focuses on the topic/thesis 35%
Content statement of the study
 It shows substantial ideas about the topic under
investigation
 Paper contains chapter 1
Organization  Obviously controlled and/or subtle organization; 25%
strong topic sentences
 Information is well-constructed in paragraphs
with headings and subheadings
Mechanics  No grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. 20%
 Paper contains appropriate parts of a research
paper
 Pass paper on time
APA Format  Paper follows an appropriate research format 20%
 All sources are accurately documented in the
proper APA format
Total 100

Reflect!
Did you enjoy learning today? This time complete the following phrases
about how you feel with the topic discussed. Write this in your journal notebook.

I have learned that

____________________________________________________.

I believe studying these concepts will

____________________________________________________.
After learning this lesson, I feel
_____________________________________________________.

Assess what you have learned

Post Test. This serves as your summative test.

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Direction: Answer the following questions below following the instructions given
in each test.

Test I. True or False

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not.
1. The background of the study prefaces the study by providing a summary
of the main idea and its usually short and concise.
2. Statement of the problem presents the rationale of the research study or
the reason why the researchers decided to choose this problem.
3. The schematic diagram or representation of the research study is found in
the theoretical framework.
4. Scope and delimitation contains the general problem followed by the
specific questions of the study.
5. Conceptual framework introduces and describes the theory that explains
why the research problem under study exists.
6. Significance of the study section talks about the beneficiaries and the
benefits it will give when the problem is solved.
7. The research title the fundamental core of a research project, study or
review of literature.
8. The scope of the study refers to the parameters that prevent researchers
from pursuing further studies due to time and budgetary constraints.
9. In research studies, words used which has a bearing on a particular
study; especially terms found in the variables used and are defined in two
ways are found in the definition of terms.
10. Conceptual framework specifies the variables in the study and the
expected flow of the relationship among them.

Test II. Enumeration

List at least 5 parts of the chapter one of a research study.

*******************************************************************************************
For questions or clarifications, you may call, send text messages or
chat through FB Messenger your teachers from Monday to Friday from 8:00
AM to 5:00 PM only.

Note: For those who have internet access, chronic illness, and home
quarantined, outputs maybe submitted to the teacher on-line thru email

Inquiries, Investigations & Immersion: Identifying the Problem and Asking the Question 11 | P a g e
address or Facebook/ Messenger. For those who do not have internet access,
outputs may be submitted to the teacher through their parents or
guardians. Minimum health protocols shall be strictly observed.
_________________________________________________________
Glossary

The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:

a. Conceptual framework- defines the relevant variables for your study
and maps the possible relationship.

b. Theoretical Framework- is the structure that can hold or support a

theory of a research study.

(Source: (wwwllibguides.usc.edu)
References:

Cristobal, A.(2018).Practical Research 2 for Senior High School Enhanced

Teacher`s Manual.
David, F. (2005). Understanding and Doing Research: A Handbook for
Beginners. Panorama Printing, Inc.
Luzano, R. (2020). Practical Research 2- Grade 12 Alternative Delivery
Mode
Dep Ed Curriculum Guide
Walliman, Nicholas. (2011). Research Methods. The Basics. Routledge
Taylor & Francis Group.
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Prepared by:

JANALVE P. PECATE HEAVEN G. BONTO LAARNI JOY G. JANCILAN

Master Teacher I Teacher II Teacher II

Passi National High School

Schools Division of Passi City
Region VI- Western Visayas

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