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Refresher MODULE - GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING and HYDRAULICS

Stress Caused by a Point Load 4. Determine the vertical stress increase 3 m below point C.
𝟑𝐏 𝐳 𝟑 A. 22.58 KPa B. 24.72 KPa C. 26.21 KPa D. 28.04 KPa
𝛔𝐳 =
𝟐𝛑 𝐋𝟓
𝐏 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 𝐳 𝐱 𝟐 − 𝐲𝟐 𝐲𝟐 𝐳 5. Determine the vertical stress increase 3 m below point E.
𝛔𝐱 = { 𝟓 − (𝟏 − 𝟐µ) [ + 𝟑 𝟐 ]}
𝟐𝛑 𝐋 𝟐
𝐋𝐫 (𝐋 + 𝐙) 𝐋 𝐫 A. 44.97 KPa B. 45.57 KPa C. 43.72 KPa D. 42.82 KPa
𝐏 𝟑𝐲 𝟐 𝐳 𝐲𝟐 − 𝐱 𝟐 𝐱𝟐𝐳
𝛔𝐲 = { 𝟓 − (𝟏 − 𝟐µ) [ 𝟐 + 𝟑 𝟐 ]}
𝟐𝛑 𝐋 𝐋𝐫 (𝐋 + 𝐙) 𝐋 𝐫
SITUATION: According the elastic theory, the vertical stress induced by a
flexible line load of infinite length that has an intensity of q units / length on the
SITUATION: Refer to Figure below. Point loads of magnitude 500 KN, 750 KN,
surface of a semi-infinite soil mass can be estimated by the expression:
800 KN, and 1000 KN act at A, C, E, and G respectively.

P = 0.637 q/N where N = z[1 + (r/z)2]2

r = horizontal distance from the line of the load
z = depth of interest at which stress is induced

A masonry wall weighing 6kN per lineal meter is carried by a wall footing 0.60m
wide.

6. Evaluate the bearing pressure in kPa, exerted by the footing onto the
supporting soil.
A. 16 B. 10 C. 14 D. 12

1. Determine the vertical stress increase 6 m below point B. 7. Evaluate the stress in kPa in the soil caused by the load at a depth equal to
A. 6.22 KPa B. 7.03 KPa C. 4.46 KPa D. 5.54 KPa twice the width of the footing but directly below the masonry wall.
A. 5.31 B. 4.43 C. 7.25 D. 6.47
2. Determine the vertical stress increase 6 m below point E.
A. 13.45 KPa B. 14.89 KPa C. 12.67 KPa D. 15.74 KPa 8. Evaluate the stress at a depth of 2m and a horizontal distance of 3m from the
line of the load.
Vertical Stress Caused by a Vertical Line Load A. 0.432 B. 0.668 C. 0.531 D. 0.302
𝟐𝐪𝐳 𝟑
𝛔𝐳 = 𝐏 =
𝛑(𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐳 𝟐 )𝟐 9. Three rigid buckets, shown as in the figures (1), (2) and (3), are of identical
heights and base areas. Further, assume that each of these buckets have
3. From the figure shown. Determine the increase in vertical stress at point A in negligible mass and are full of water. The weights of water in these buckets are
KPa. denoted as W1, W2, and W3 respectively. Also, let the force of water on the
base of the bucket be denoted as F 1, F2, and F3 respectively. The option giving
an accurate description of the system physics is.

All three buckets have the same base area.

A. 20.09 KPa B. 18.72 KPa C. 19.46 KPa D. 17.60 KPa

(1) (2) (3)

SITUATION: From the given surface shown, a line loads are applied along line
A. W2 = W1 = W3 and F2 > F1 > F3
AB and DE with a magnitude of 150 kN/m and 200 kN/m respectively. Point
B. W2 = W1 = W3 and F1 = F2 = F3
loads of magnitude 300 kN and 600 kN acting at points H and K.
C. W2 > W1 > W3 and F2 > F1 > F3
D. W2 > W1 > W3 and F1 = F2 = F3

10. An incompressible fluid is flowing at a steady rate in a horizontal pipe. From

a section, the pipe divides into two horizontal parallel pipes of diameters d1
and d2 (where d1 = 4d2) that run for a distance of L each and then again join
back to a pipe of the original size. For both the parallel pipes, assume the head
loss due to friction only and the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor to be the same.
The velocity ratio between the bigger and the smaller branched pipes is.
A. 4 B. 2 C. 2.5 D. 3.5