FREUD’S PERSONALITY COMPONENTS

3 COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY STRUCTURES

1. ID- operates on the pleasure principle
2. EGO- operates using the reality principle
3. SUPEREGO- embodies a person’s moral aspect
THE THREE COMPONENTS AND PERSONALITY ADJUSTMENT
1. The ability of a learner to be well-adjusted is largely influenced by how the learner was
brought up.
2. His experiences about his parents met his needs, the extent to which he was allowed to do
the things he wanted to do, and also how he was taught about right and wrong, all figures
to the type of personality and consequent adjustment that a person will make.
TOPOGRAPHICAL MODEL
1. Conscious level- thoughts, perceptions
2. Preconscious level- memories, stored knowledge
3. Unconscious level- fears, violent motives, immoral urges, selfish needs
The UNCONSCIOUS
 Freud said that most what we go through in our lives, emotions, beliefs, feelings, and
impulses deep within are not available to us at a conscious level.
The CONSCIOUS
 Freud also said that all that we are aware of is stored in our conscious mind, it only
comprises a very small part of who we are.
The SUBCONSCIOUS
 This is the part of us that we can reach if prompted, but not in our active conscious.
THE NONCONSCIOUS
 We are not aware of, have not experienced, and that has not been made part of our
personalities.
PIAGET’S STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Who is Piaget?
 Jean Piaget was a Swiss clinical psychologist known for his pioneering work in child
development. 
 Born:  August 9, 1896, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
 Died: September 16, 1980, Geneva, Switzerland
 Education: University of Neuchâtel (1918), University of Zurich
 Awards: Erasmus Prize, Balzan Prize for Social Sciences
PIAGETIAN TASKS
 For sixty years, Jean Piaget conducted research on cognitive development. His research
on cognitive development. His research method involved observing a small number of
individuals as they responded to cognitive tasks that he designed.
 Piaget called his general theoretical framework “genetic epistemology” because he was
interested in how knowledge developed in human organisms
BASIC COGNITIVE CONCEPTS
SCHEMA- The cognitive structures by which individuals intellectually adapt to and organize
their environment.
ASSIMILATION- The process of fitting a new experience into an existing or previously created
cognitive structure or schema.
ACCOMODATION- The process of creating a new schema or ideas, as a result of new
information or new experiences.
EQUILIBRATION- It is achieving proper balance between assimilation and accommodation.
COGNITIVE DISEQUILIBRIUM- This means there is a discrepancy between what is
perceived and what is understood

PIAGET’S STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

SENSORI-MOTOR STAGE- Birth to Infancy
OBJECT PERMANENCE- is the ability of the child to know that an object still exists even
when out of sight.
PRE-OPERATIONAL STAGE- 2 to 7 Years